Unit-8-Green-Living-必备知识清单高一英语同步必备知识清单北师大版2019

高中英语北师大版必修二2019必备知识清单Unit8Green Living

一、词汇知识清单Section ATOPIC TALKLESSON

1、阅读词汇知其意［注意英译汉］I

1.tissue/fti Ju:/n.纸巾

2.ocean/fsuf on/n.海洋，大海雾霾

3.smog/smD g/n.沙漠

4.desert/dezot/n.工业的

5.industrial/T ndostri/adj.

6.extinction/i kfstigkjan/n.灭绝电

7.electricity/i lektrosoti/n.电池

8.battery/betori/n.碳

9.carbon/kaibsn/n.一套公寓房，一套住房;平坦的

10.flat/flaet/n./adj.树根

11.root/ru:t/n.［芽,苗;嫩枝；射中;射击

12.shoot/u:t/n./vt.费心、，麻烦

13.bother/bD da/vi.vt.机构;研究院

14.institute/insti tju:t/n.基础;地基

15.foundation/fau delfan/n.箧

16.brick/bri k/n.,而专块写作词汇知其形［注意汉译英］IK全球的,全世界的

1.global/glsu bal/adj.」解决，解决办法

2.solution/s0uj an/n.交通运输系统，运输方式

3.transport ftraenspo:t/n.再利用，回收利用

4.recycle/ri:saik91/vi.vt.平衡

5.balance fbaehns/n.坚实的;稳固的

6.firm/f3m/adj.

7.involve/in!volv/vt.参与;包含重点短语知搭配［注意固定短语的英汉互译］HE想出、理解、弄明白

1.figure out各种各样

2.a widevariety of采取行动

3.take action请求、要求

4.ask for在口语和非正式语体中，只要不是作主语,动名词复合结构中的逻辑主b.语常采用名词通格或人称代词宾格例如The doctordoes notmind me/my eatinga littlemeatoccasionally.分词一分词的作用现在分词表示主动，动作正在进行过去分词表示被动，动作已经完成作定语LDo youknow theboy standingat thegateHave youread thebook writteaby LuXun.作表语2We areexcited atthe news.The newshe toldus isexciting..作宾语补足语3I heardhim singinga songin theclassroom.We foundthe groundcovered withsnow..作状语4While lyingin bed,he listenedto somemusic.Seen fromthe hill,the villagelooks movebeautiful.分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，否则分词前面必须有自己的主语现在分词与过去分词在作状语的区别:现在分词表主动进行，过去分词表被动完成

1.Seeing/seen fromthe top of thetower,we cansee abeautiful factory.Seeing/seen fromthe topof thetower,the factorylooks beautiful.

2.Hearing/heard thebad news,they couldnthelp crying.When theyheardthe badnews

3.Giving/Given moretime,we coulddo itbetter.If theyhad beengivenmore attention

1.1stood bythe door,not daringto saya word.Being soangry,he couldntgo tosleep.Because he was soangryThey cameinto theclassroom,singing andlaughing,and theyweresinging laughingToserve the people well,I studyhard.In orderto servethepeoplewell二分词的时态现在分词分一般式和完成式，而过去分词则没有时态形式的变化现在分词的一般式表示动作与谓语动词同时发生，或在谓语动词之前发生例如现Knowing hisuncle wouldcome,he beganto makesome preparations.在分词的完成时，表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前,常用作状语例如Having finishedhis homework,he wentto bed.三现在分词的被动式被动一般式被动完成式being donehaving beendone Thisis oneof thenewsupermarkets beingbuilt in our city.Having beentold manytimes,hewas able tooperate themachine.四分词的否定形式分词的否定式，由十分词构成，例如notNot havingheard the news.I wroteto himagain.Not knowinghow towork outthe mathsproblem,I wentto theteacherfor help.五分词独立主格结构当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，带逻辑主语的分词短语成为独立主格结构，在句法功能上起状语作用例如Weather permitting,they willgo andvisit thescience museum.The meetingbeing over,they allleft the room.Given moretime,we coulddo itbetter.The moonappearing,they decidedto goon withtheir journey.She stoodthere,book inhand.Everybody athome,we satdown todinner.由主语这种结构多表示原因例如There being+因为有许There beinga lotof booksto read,he oftenstudied tillmidnight.多书要读，他经常学习到深夜复合宾语结构with+名词/代词+形容词1with+Dont speakwith yourmouth full.名词/代词+副词2with+The squarelooks morebeautiful thanever withthe lightson.名词/代词+介词短语3with+He wasasleep withhis headon hisarms.名词/代词分词4with++-ingShe feltvery nervouswith somany peoplelooking ather.With theold manleading,the twostarted towardthe mountains.名词/代词+不定式5with+With fiveminutes togo beforethe lasttrain left,we arrivedhere.名词/代词+分词6with+-enWith hismatter settled,we lefttheroom.填写

5.fill out至少

6.at least寻找

7.hunt for在•••顶上

8.on thetopof盯着、凝视

9.stare at试图做某事

10.make anattempt todo听说

11.hear of厌倦

12.be tiredof

13.make upone5s mind下定决心溜走

14.slip away减少、掉落

15.drop out坚持、等一下

16.hold on、语法词汇知其变［注意词性变化］IV［名词］

17.global---globe［动词］

18.solution—solve［词］

19.transport—transportation^［形容词］

20.recycle—recycling［形容词］

21.balance---balanced［名词］

22.involve---involvementSection BLESSON2LESSON

3、阅读词汇知其意［注意英译汉］I.满意的;满足的

1.contented/kontenti d/adj发生

2.occur/Sk3:/vi.

3.agriculture/!aegrl kAItf/n.农业建议，提议

4.proposal/propouzol/n.地区，区域

5.region/Ti:d31n/n.微小的;苗条的;薄的

6.slim/sli m/adj.比率，率

7.rate/rei t/n.引文，引用（的话）

8.quote/kwsut/n.墓碑

9.headstone/hedst^un/n.以前的，从前的当前的，现时的

10.former ffoms/adj./kA rant/adj./kau县

11.current nti/n.

12.county/fpa:kig/n.（车辆等的）停放

13.parking

14.path/pa:0/n.小径，小道星艮踪

15.tracking^tr«kig/n.

16.destination/dest9fnei Jan/n.目的地;终点、写作词汇知其形［注意汉译英］II

1.poster/fpau sts/n.海报创办人，创始者

2.founder/fau nds/n.盈利，利润

3.profit/pro fit/n.组织者；发起人

4.organiser/□:ganaiza/n.克服（困难）;控制（感情）

5.overcome/su vskAm/vt.决心;毅力

6.determination/di t3mdneij sn/n.

7.ordinary/f0idansri/a.普通的;平常的因止匕;由此

8.therefore/desfo:/adv.继续生存，幸存

9.survival/saVai vol/n.、语法词汇知其变［注意词性变化］HI［动词］

1.founder-found［动词］

2.organizer-—organize［动词］［名词］

3.determination-determine---determined［］［名词］

4.survival——survive^J i^I---survivorSection CWRITING WORKSHOPVIEWING WORKSHOPREADING CLUBASSESSMENT、阅读词汇知其意［注意英译汉］I居民

1.resident/rezidont/n.官员，高级职员;公务的;官方的

2.official/sfif91/n./adj.图角%示意图

3.diagram fdalsgraem/n.百分比，百分率

4.percentage/pSsentidj/n.塑料制的

5.plastic/plaestik/adj.蜂蜜

6.honey/hA ni/n.黄油，牛油

7.butter/bA to/n.

8.yoghurt/fjD gat/n.酸奶大多数

9.majority/mddj roti/n.概括，总结

10.sum/m/vt.SA废弃物填埋场

11.landfill/landfil/n.清洁焚烧的

12.clean-burning/kli nb3ni q/adj.以垃圾作为能源的

13.waste-to-energy/wei sttenod3I/adj.鞋类

14.footwear ffutwes/n..近地表的

15.near-surface/ni0s3fl s/adj增强，加强

16.build-up/bjldA p/n.污染物

17.pollutant/pSlu:tont/n.满是，有许多，泛滥

18.overflow/ouvSfhu/vi.vt.、写作词汇知其形［注意汉译英］II看法；态度

1.attitudefaetitju:d/n.包装盒瓶、袋，包装材料

2.packaging/paekl d31rj/n./容器

3.container/kontein n./工表明;显示

4.indicate ndikei t/vt.每年，一年一度地

5.annually faenjusli/adv.水灾，洪水泛滥

6.flooding/flA d/n.

二、重点语篇清单语篇复述记忆语篇一Most peoplesuffer fromwhat isknown asJust-me-isrrT.What isthatWell,say youleave thetap runningwhile youbrush yourteeth,leave alighton whenyou goout oryou dropa pieceof litterand cantbe botheredto pickitup.And allthese wouldbe veryharmful.To inspireyoung peopleto takeactionfor theenvironment,animals andtheir community,an institutecalledRootsShoots wasestablished in the early1990s byDr.Jane Goodall.It iscalledRootsShoots becauseroots moveslowly underthe groundmaking afirmfoundation andalthough shootsseem smalland weak,they canbreakopen brickwalls.Dr.Jane Goodallbelieves that the mostimportant thingisthat:Every individualmatters.Every individualhas arole toplay.Everyindividual makesa difference/5RootsShoots hopesto involvemillions ofyoungpeople allaround theworld tobe apart ofa communityfor asharedfuture.很多人都有所谓的“就我一个问题这是什么意思呢？Just-me-ism”比方说，你刷牙的时候让水哗哗地流，当外出的时候不关灯，或者掉了一块垃圾却懒得捡起来而这些都是非常有害的为了激励年轻人行动起来保护环境、动物和社区，一个叫“根与芽”的机构于Roots Shoots世纪年代初被珍•古道尔博士创立了这个组织取名2090Jane Goodall“根与芽”，取义根部在地下缓慢延伸以形成坚实的基础，而芽看起来又小又弱，却可以向着光明冲破砖墙的阻挡珍•古道尔博士认为，最重要的是“每一个个体都很重要每一个个体都有自己的角色每一个个体都能有所作为”“根与芽”希望可以让全世界千百万年轻人参与其中，成为命运共同体的一员语篇二First knownas the city ofwhite bikes”,Amsterdam isa goodcity fbrcyclingbecause itsflat andtherefore convenientfor bikes.There arealsoplenty ofplaces forbicycle parkingand moststreets in thecity center haveabicycle path.In the1960s,a groupof cyclingfans cameup with an ideathatit wouldbe betterfbr everybodyif carswerent allowedinthecitycenterandonly bicycleswere.They werehopeful thatthis wouldhelp to save energy,reduce pollutionand providefree publictransport.Soon after,however,一problems cameup andthe“white bikesall disappearedthieves stolethemall ina matterof weeks!In1999,the“white bikes”returned toAmsterdamwithacomputer trackingsystem torecord theirevery move!Thus peoplewho wantedto usethem hadto takethem toanother specialparkingplace neartheir destinationand leavethem there.Nowadays,the ideaofwhite bikes”has pedalledits wayaround theworld andthere hasbeen aglobalincrease inbike-sharing.In China,both thelocals andtourists liketouse sharedbikes becausebike-sharing isa cheapand easyway tosave energy,reduce airand noisepollution,and enjoythe benefitsof exercisein cities.最初被称为“白色自行车之城”，阿姆斯特丹是个适合骑行的城市，它地势平坦方便骑行也有很多地方可以停放自行车，市中心的大多数街道都有自行车道“白色自行车”的概念来自哪里呢世纪年代，2060一群骑行爱好者提出了一个想法他们认为，如果市中心不允许使用汽车而只能用自行车，这会让所有人都受益他们希望这样能够节约能源，减少污染并提供免费的公共交通然而不久就出了问题，“白色自行车”全都消失了，小偷在几周内偷光了所有的车！年，“白色自行车”回1999到了阿姆斯特丹，这次安装了电子跟踪系统以记录它们的“一举一动”！因此，使用者到达之后，必须将自行车停放到目的地附近的专用停车场如今，“白色自行车”的概念已经在世界范围内广泛传播，全球的共享单车也在增加在中国，本地人和游客都喜欢骑共享单车，因为共享单车简单又便宜，可以节省能源、减少空气和噪音污染，使人享受在城市里运动的益处

三、单元写作清单A课文原句

1.Last August,city officialsinterviewed about500residents tofind outpeoplesattitudes toprotecting theenvironment andwhat actionsthey hadtaken.

2.As thediagram shows,the percentageof those who felt that they neededto helpprotect theenvironment isas highas96%.

3.More thantwo thirds70%had triedto cutback on the use of disposablepackaging,such asplastic honeybottles,and butterand yoghurt containers.

4.Also themajority ofresidents hadcycled orwalked.

5.To sum up,it seemsthat almostall whotook partunderstood theneed tohelp take care of theenvironment.

6.This indicatesthattheresidents neededto paymore attentionto thesetwoactivities.A重点短语短语中文词义课文原句More thanhalf ofthose whotook part in thetakepartin参加survey haddone fourof thefive activitiesin thepastmonth.削减，缩More thantwo thirds70%had triedto cutbackcut backon减ontheuse ofdisposable packaging,such asplastichoney bottles,and butterand yoghurtcontainers.To sumup,it seemsthat almostall whotook parttosumup总之understood theneed to help takecare of theenvironment.A语篇中记忆单词Last August,city officialsinterviewed about500residents tofind outpeoplesattitudes toprotecting theenvironment andwhat actionsthey hadtaken.Here arethe results.As thediagram shows,the percentageof thosewhofeltthattheyneededto helpprotect theenvironment isas highas96%.More thanhalf ofthosewhotook partinthe survey haddone fourofthefiveactivities inthe pastmonth.More thantwo thirds70%had triedto cutbackon theuse ofdisposable packaging,such asplastic honeybottles,and butterandyoghurtcontainers.Also themajority ofresidents hadcycled orwalked.Unfortunately,just overhalf triedtosaveenergy byreducing theuseofairconditioning orturning offlights.To sumup,thesurveyindicates thatalmostall whotook partunderstood theneed tohelptakecareoftheenvironment,but neededto paymore attentionto savingwater andenergy.去年月，城市官员就人们对环保的态度和已采取的行动对约位8500居民进行了采访正如图表显示，认为有必要帮助保护环境的人数百分比高达超过一半参加调查的人在过去一个月中参加了图中四项环保活96%动超过三分之二的人已经努力削减一次性包装的使用，比如塑料蜂蜜瓶、黄油包装和酸奶盒等大部分居民选择骑车或走路的交通方式不幸地是，只有一半的居民会选择通过减少空调使用和关灯的方式节约能源总之，调查结果显示几乎所有参与调查的人都意识到了保护环境的需要，但也显示人们应该更多关注节水节电

四、单元语法清单Travellingabroadcanbeveryexciting.主语CollectinginformationisveryimportanttobusinessmenItsnousequarrellingH【形式宾语】ThemostimportantthingIsgettingthereintime.表语/可以互换，动名词作收语、、主语、表ifi互换/----------------------------------------------------------------------二＜^不可以互换.现在分调做表语有部分动词形成固定搭配宾诺--------------------------------------做介询宾语，图定搭配用途warshingmachine动名词做定语walkingstickthemanrunningoverthere现在分询做表语主诱表语lookat\$ee\notice\watch宾定形容词状hear\listento其语副国补feelkeep\leave伴随方式一般情况下,主句的主语.那是这个，ng动作的发出者；如果,主句主语被动承受这个动作，如果用主动语态.ThesquirrelwaslucythatitjustHbeingcaught.not+动询inghavingdone完成体，一完成体的动作，先发生nothavingdone[sbsdoing]形式做主谱LiMingsbeinglatemadehisteacherangry.[sbsdo4ng/KISme\you\him\her\us\you\them-«-ing]都就做真语Doyoumindmyleaving/meleaving.thebrokenglassessee$b.\sthdone原因readingroom动名词定语一.动名词的基本构成主动、进行含义theboyreadingunderatreethemansleepingonthebench主动语态被动语态动名山——•名词动词-ing听现在分询宾补一般式嫩觉doing beingdone其他完成式having donehaving beendone时尚原因No onelikes beinglaughed at.条件结果I dontremember havingever beengiven achance todo it.让步动谓ing否定形式二.动名词的功用非谓语动词作主语1Smoking doesgreat harmto peopleshealth.⑵作表语My jobis lookingafter children.特征作宾语3I havefinished readingthe novel.aradiomadeinChina做定语

①4We havegot aswimming poolinourschool.It isno useagirldressedinwhite!S官动词后面see\listento\hear过去分词-edcrying.使役动词have\make\get表状不动词keep\leave@It isno goodobjecting时间常见的动词有admit,advise,suggest,avoid,consider,delay,deny,excuse,finish,imagine,include,keepon,mind,,practice,miss,resist.短语be/get used to,cant help/stop,cant stand,give up,feel like,lookisisforward to,get downto,have difficulty/trouble in,be busyin,put offe.g.

①She satthere without_speakingspeak@1look forwardto_seeingsee himagain.

③Are youusedto_livelive therealone4When myfather heardthenews,he couldnthelp_laughinglaugh.@1dont feellike_goinggo tosee thefilm.

⑥He wasbusy_preparingprepare hislessons主动表被动1The roomwants_cleaningclean.2The methodneeds_improving_improve.3This pairof shoesrequire_mendingmend.4The problemneeds_working out_work out.5The questionis wellworth-discussingdiscuss动词后接动名词表示“习惯性动作，后接不定d“Hke,love,hate,prefer”“式表示“心理或一次具体动作“当用在之后时，只跟不定式例如should,wouldI likeswimming,but Idont liketo swimthis afternoon.What wouldyou liketo eattonight动名词的复合结构动名词前可以加一个物主代词或名词所有格来表示这个动名词逻辑上的主语，构成动名词的复合结构或动名词短语动名词复合结构作主语时一般用名词所有格或形容词性的物主代词例a.如Nixons visitingChina markeda newyear betweenU.S.and Chinadiplomatic尼克松访问中国标志着中美外交关系进入一个新的时relations.代Their comingtohelpwasagreat encouragementto us.。