第16讲-阅读理解推理判断题讲义-2024年高考英语一轮复习原卷版

A第讲推理判断题16（讲义）雉王里判断是西咨亚•心言神石出矢口但底理目承描枝斤命侬栖衽I、方H、SAW、i£biw彳正Rfi|-^-:蹿斤皿点0JKHW作密电史女金出处血定作时K生提升-心看磔型归纳X是西况戋悟【复习目标】熟练语篇类型和语篇结构明确命题规律和提问方式掌握不同题型的解题方法掌握阅读理解高频同义词转换【考情分析】近三年新高考阅读理解推理判断理题细目表202320222021卷别年份新高考I卷766新高考n卷742【网络构建】命题规律、命题方式推理判推理判断题概述正确选项特征断题干扰项特征夯基必备基础知识梳理提升必考题型归纳•真题感悟••推理判断题概述夯基•必备基础知识梳理・命题规律推理判断题是高考阅读理解试题中的重要题型之一，包括推理和判断两个方面，是考生失分率较高的题型考查考生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，进行逻辑推理，对文章的细节、作者的态度、意图作出正确推理判断的能力分析今年高考题可知，推断题呈不断上升的趋势，且由过去简单的对号入座直接答题转向通过语句的同义或反义词及长难句来考查考生对语言的理解能力，难度比之前有所增加预计2024年高考推理判断题仍旧占比7题左右题型和考查角度

1.高频考点隐含意义、写作意图、观点态度

2.低频考点文章出处、文章结构、目标读者预计2024年阅读理解在应用文、说明文和记叙文中，更是侧重对推理判断题的考查错误原因

1.主观臆断

2.缺乏逻辑

3.过度推理

4.缺乏常识知识点一隐含推断类选项特征正确选项特征例句同义替换对原文句子中的关键词进行替换，成为正确选项正话反说把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项语言简化把原文中复杂的语言现象进行简化，设置为答案词性或语态的变化改变原文重点词性或语态，给考生制造了某些障碍干扰项特征例句张冠李戴为原文内容，但与题目文不对题，不符合题目要求偷梁换柱在意思上与原文非常相似但在某个细节上有变动正误参半选项内容部分正确，部分错误颠倒是非与原文意思大相径庭或完全相反无中生有符合常识但与原文不符或原文并未提及以偏概全或以全概偏如almost,all,nearly,never,completely,等绝对词与文章意义不扩缩范围符.夯基•必备基础知识梳理锁定关键词根据题干关键词infer（推断），suggest（表明，暗示），conclude（得出结论），indicate（暗示，象征）,imply（暗示）,assume（假定,设想）迅速确定题型解题指导

（1）浏览选项，首先排除对原文信息简单重复的错误选项

（2）抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理在原文中确定推理依据的位置或范围后，要善于抓住关键信息去分析判断；

（3）整合全文/段信息进行推断有时需要在弄懂全文或全段的基础上，整合与题目相关的有效信息去进行综合推断，才能确定最佳选项无论哪种推断形式必须立足原文，避免主观臆断【真题典例】

1.（2023年新高考I卷B篇）Ecological design^^is thename Johngives towhat hedoes.Life onEarth iskind of a boxof spareparts fbrtheinventor,he says.You putorganisms innew relationshipsand observewhafs happening.Then youlet thesenew systemsdeveloptheir ownways toself-repair.”

27.What is the basisfor JohnsworkA.Nature canrepair itself.B.Organisms needwater tosurvive.C.Life onEarth isdiverse.D.Most tinycreatures livein groups.知识点二观点态度类.夯基-必备基础知识梳理锁定关键词根据题干中表达情感的形容词、副词、动词或介词短语等，如attitude（态度），outstanding（优秀的，突出的），disagree（不同意），hopefully（有希望的），against（反对），in favorof（赞成）,迅速确定题型解题指导

（1）认真审题，明确“谁对谁”的态度，明确答题方向

（2）关注段落首尾句，推断文章和段落主题，确定观点

（3）注意作者或文中人物的措辞

（4）分析修饰语和字里行间所隐含的意思，切忌用自己观点代替作者或文中人物的观点；

（5）牢记观点态度的常见词语观点态度例词positive（积极的）、supportive（支持的）、optimistic（乐观的）支持肯定humorous（幽默的）、enthusiastic（热情的）、pleasant（愉快的）；neutral（中立的）、objective（客观的）、not mentioned（未提及的）、uninterested（不中立感兴趣的）、indifferent（漠不关心的）；negative（否定的）、suspicious/skeptical（怀疑的）、disgusted（憎恶的）critical（批评否定反对的）、disappointed（失望的）、disapproving（不赞成的）【真题典例】（2023年新高考H卷D篇）In afollow-up studywith100university studentsthe researcherstried toget abetter senseof whatthe groupmembersactually didin theirdiscussion.Did theytend togo withthose mostconfident abouttheir estimatesDid theyfollowthose leastwilling tochange theirminds Thishappened someof thetime,but itwasnt thedominant response.Mostfrequently,the groupsreported thatthey sharedarguments andreasoned together.Somehow,these argumentsandreasoning resultedin aglobal reductionin error.Although thestudies ledby Navajashavelimitations andmany questionsremain thepotential implicationsfor groupdiscussion anddecision-making areenormous.

15.What is the authorsattitude towardNavajas9studiesA.Unclear.B.Dismissive.C.Doubtful.D.Approving.知识点三写作意图类■夯基-必备基础知识梳理锁定关键词根据题干关键词purpose目的，intend to打算，want to tell us...想要告诉我们，write this passage to写这篇文章为了迅速确定题型解题指导1根据文章或段落主旨推断作者写作意图；2根据文体推断写作意图记叙文通常会在首段或尾段出现高度概括性语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有叙述都围绕该哲理展开totellastory,to entertainreaders,to sharean experience...；应用文文章常对某事物或服务进行详细介绍，使用具有明显倾向性的语言to sell,to attract,to persuade,topromote...说明文其写作意图依赖于对文章主题句的把握，应找准主题句to introduce,to explain,to inform,to makecomparisons...；议论文一般开头提出某论点，中间进行论证，最后得出结论，写作意图常隐含于最后一部分中【真题典例】2023年新高考II卷B篇Over theyears Johnhas takenon manybig jobs.He developeda greenhouse-like facilitythat treatedsewage（污水）from1,600homes inSouth Burlington.He alsodesigned aneco-machine toclean canalwater inFuzhou,a cityinsoutheast China.

26.What isthe authorspurpose inmentioning FuzhouA.To reviewJohns researchplans.B.To showan applicationof Johnsidea.知识点文章出处或写作对象类C.To compareJohns differentjobs.D.To erasedoubts aboutJohns invention.夯基-必备基础知识梳理锁定关键词:根据设题方式迅速确定题型This passagewould bemost likelyto befound in.The passageis probably taken from.Where doesthis textprobably comefromWhich sectionofamagazine isthispassageprobably takenfromThe textis intendedfor.解题指导1根据文章的话题和细节确定文章出处或写作对象2根据文章的体裁和内容判断文章的中心话题广告语言简洁鲜明，有亮点；报刊时事性强，分不同板块，高考中常以政治、生活的话题为主；杂志覆盖生活各个层面，更贴近幕后，更贴近生活；产品说明书对某产品的功能特色及操作方式等做出介绍；药品说明说明药品的服用时间、次数、药量、禁忌等；网络文体不限，找到click here,download,up-load,link,mouse,surf等网络标志【真题典例】

1.2023年新高考II卷C篇Reading Art:Art forBook Loversis acelebration ofan everydayobject——the book,represented herein almostthreehundred artworksfrom museumsaround theworld.The imageof thereader appearsthroughout history,in artmadelong beforebooks aswe nowknow themcame intobeing.In artists9representations ofbooks andreading,we seemomentsof sharedhumanity thatgo beyondculture andtime.In this“book ofbooks Jartworks areselected andarranged in a waythat emphasizesthese connectionsbetween differenterasand cultures.We seescenes ofchildren learningto readat homeor atschool,with thebook asa focusfor relationsbetweenthe generations.

8.Where isthe textmost probablytaken fromA.An introductionto abook.B.An essayon theart ofwriting.C.A guidebookto amuseum.D.A reviewof modernpaintings.

2.2023年新高考I卷A篇Grading Policiesfor Introductionto LiteratureGradingScale90-100,A;80-89,B;70-79,C;60-69,D;Below60,E.Essays60%Your fourmajor essayswill combineto formthe mainpart of the gradefor thiscourse:Essay1=10%;Essay2=15%;Essay3=15%;Essay4=20%.

21.Where isthis textprobablytakenfromA.A textbook.B.An exampaper.C.A courseplan.D・An academicarticle.一提升-必考题型归纳考向一隐含推断题

1.（2023届福建省厦门一中高三二模试题C篇）Too muchtime spenton gaming,smartphones andwatching televisionis linkedto heightenedlevels anddiagnoses（诊I新）of anxietyor depressionin children as youngas age2,according toa newstudy.What dowe knowabout Twengeand Campbellsstudy accordingto paragraph2A.It requiresfurther research.B,It bringschildren lesscomfort.C.It needsgreater abilityto finish.D.It generatesmore publicconcern.考向二观点态度题There aretimes whenyou areat acritical crossroadswith astudent andthe roadyou choosewill makeall thedifference.I knewat thatmoment theright thingto dowas tokneel downnext toher chair,and softlysay,“Youre right,Laura.I haveused mywords unwiselyand unkindly.Will youforgive me”She lookedme inthe eyeand simplysaid,Yes,I forgiveyou,Mrs.Ekre.Im sorry,too,“Which wordscan bestdescribe thewriterA.Caring butstubborn.B.Tolerant andopen-minded.C.Strict andchangeable.D.Sincere andflexible.考向三写作意图题（2023届湖南省九校联盟第二次联考英语试题）“How beautifulthe jasmine（茉莉花）is!A sweetsmell coversthe buddingtwigs.So fragrant,so white,admired byalllips.The famedChinese folksong JasmineFlower hasreached aglobal audiencewith itsbeautiful melodyand lyrics.Equally popularisthetraditionally madeJasmine tea,whose elegantfragrance andmellow tastefascinate countlessteadrinkers.What isthe authorspurpose ofquoting the song JasmineFlowerA.To tellus notto neglectthesong.B.To showthe popularityofthesong.C.To introducethe topic-Jasmine tea.D.To clarifythe originof Jasminetea.考向四文章出处或写作对象题（2023届湖北省华中师范大学附中二检试题）•How toEnter:

1.Select howmany imagesyou wantto enter.

2.Follow thecheck-out processto paythe entryfee.

3.Select yourimages andupload;click hereto start.If possible,please nameeach imagewith yourname andthe categoryyou aresubmitting likethis:FirstName-LastName-Category.jpg,•Deadline:March31,2023Where canyou seethis textprobablyA.In aphotography magazine.B.In aphotography guidebookC.On awebsite.D.In aniPhone manualbook.£r-;

1.（2023年新高考I卷A篇）Why MacBikeMacBikehas beenaround foralmost30years andisthebiggest bicyclerental companyin Amsterdam.With over2,500bikes storedin ourfive rental shops atstrategic locations,we makesure thereis alwaysa bikeavailable foryou.Weoffer thenewest bicyclesinawide variety,including basicbikes withfoot brake（杀U车）,bikes withhand brakeand gears（排挡），bikes withchild seats,and childrensbikes.

21.What isan advantageof MacBikeA.It giveschildrenadiscount.B.It offersmany typesof bikes.C.It organizesfree cycletours.D.It hasover2,500rentalshops.

2.（2023年新高考I卷C篇）In the final chapter of partone,ril guideyou throughcarrying outyour owndigital declutter.In doingso,Ill drawonan experimentI ranin2018in whichover1,600people agreedto performa digitaldeclutter.Youll hearthese participants9stories andlearn whatstrategies workedwell fbrthem,and whattraps theyencountered thatyou shouldavoid.

30.What ispresented inthefinalchapterofpart oneA.Theoretical models.B.Statistical methods.C.Practical examples.D.Historical analyses.。