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第讲定语从句03复习定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的用法
1.掌握定语从句在阅读写作的运用
2.基础知识定语是什么？基本概念定语从句在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句定语从句一般紧接在先行词后面1先行词被定语从句修饰的成份2先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句关系词引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词3关系词的作用引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词；A.必在从句中作某个句子成份B.指代先行词C,关系词指代人或物定语从句中充当的成分人或物主语、宾语、表语that物或主句内容主语、宾语which人主语或宾语who人宾语whom关系人或物定语whose代词关系when时间状语副词where地点状语原因状语why定语从句三步曲:宾语，故答案为which先行词为将先行词代入从句后为由此可见,
17.when period,They arenDtcontent withtheir parentsin aperiod.关系副词在定语从句中作时间状语，故答案为when根据设空处前后的结构分析可知，空格处引导定语从句修饰由于先行词指人且从句缺少主语,故用
18.who man,whoo分析句子结构可知,设空处后面的句子是的定语，所填词引导该从句并在从句中作
19.which/that NullaborPlain主语，先行词表示物，故用或which thato分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句修饰表示地点的从句缺少地点状语，
20.where theStudent AffairsOffice,故填where0不同语境中长难句定语从句的使用邀请信
1.1Fm writingto inviteyou toparticipate in a hikingorganized byme,which someof ourclassmates willtake part in.翻译:我写信邀请你参加下周六在我们学校举办的音乐节2仿写申请信
2.11I havetaken upChinese paintingsince I was fiveyears oldand I have agood knowledgeof it,which makesit possibleforme tointroduce theexhibition well.翻译⑵我英语很熟练，这使得我与外国人自由交谈成为可能仿写申请信
3.21Im writingto applyto workas avolunteer that you advertisedin yesterday9s newspaper.翻译:⑵我写信申请我们学校英语协会所提供的职位仿写.通知41lThe movieGrowing Together,which is about thedevelopment ofour school,will beshown in the schoolhallfrom2:00to400in the afternoon onJune17th.翻译⑵这场音乐会，其中包括由才华横溢的学生们表演的各种精彩节目，将于下周日上午在我校大厅举行仿写通知
5.21Those whowant towatch themovie arerequired toarrive beforetwo in theafternoon.翻译任何想参加该活动的同学，可以通过与李华联系2仿写感谢信
6.11am gratefulto youfor everything that youdid forme toimprove myEnglish.翻译⑵我写信是为了感谢我在英国时，你为我所做的一切如果不是你的关心，我在那里就不会过得这么愉快了仿写推荐信
7.1I suggestthat theuniversity youapply foris PekingUniversity,which is one of the bestuniversities inChina.翻译:⑵无论你是中国艺术爱好者，还是想了解更多内容的人，来欣赏这次艺术展吧仿写建议信
8.1Here aresome tipsabout howto learnChinese,which Ihope willbe ofgreat helpto you.翻译⑵你提到你有两门选修课，以下是一些建议，希望能对你有好处仿写第一找出先行词；第二找出定语从句第三看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；结构名词/代词（先行词）+关系代词/副词+定语从句j C考点剖考点一关系代词+不完整从句考向关系代词基本用法1:指人时可以用也可用
1.who,thato1The manwho/that livesnext tous isa policeman.2Do youknow thegirl who/that isin red指物时可以用也可用
2.which,thato1I likemusic that/which Ican danceto.2What doyou thinkofthemovie that/which wasshown lastnight活学活用
1.I lovesingers.Singers writetheir ownsongs.改写在从句中用作王造who
2.He isthe man.I metthe manyesterday.改写考向关系代词的特殊用法2先行词是人，只能用不能用的情况1who,that指人的不定代词做先行词时，只能用1Who.We shouldhelp anyonewho isin need.非限制性定语从句中，逗号与指人的先行词隔开的句子，只能用2who.Im LiHua,who isstudying inLondon duringthe summervacation.先行词是物，只能用不能用的情况2which,that介词1+whichThere aretwo chairsin theroom,both of which arebroken.非限制性定语从句中，逗号与指物的先行词隔开的句子，只能用2whichThey won the game,which wehadnt expected.先行词是人或物，只能用不能用或的情况3that,which who先行词被形容词最高级、序数词及、、、、等修饰时1only anyfew littleno allone of1I willtell himall thatyou toldme at the ball.2The onlythingthatwe coulddo wasto wait.3The firstplace thatwe visitedwas theGreat Wall.先行词为、、等不定代词时2all muchlittle nonefew onesomething anything,everythingThe girlhanded everythingthat shehad pickedup in the streetto thepolice.先行词中既有人又有物时3He waslooking pleasantlyat thechildren andbooks thatfilled hisbus.先行词在主句中作表语,关系词在从句中作表语时4The villageis nolonger theone thatit was5years ago.当主句中含有疑问词时，5whichWhich arethe booksthatyoubought forme
1.It issuch abig stonenobody canlift.
2.It issuch abig stonenobody canlift it.
3.is knownto all,he isthe beststudent.
4.Jim passedthe drivingtest,surprised everybodyin theoffice.
5.Look out!Dont gettoo closeto thehouse roofis underrepair.考点二关系副词+完整从句关系副词有三个，在定语从句中一般作状语when,where,why关系副词的作用
2.关系词指代人或物定语从句中充当的成分关系时间状语when副词where地点状语原因状语why
1.The reasonhe didit is not clear.The reasonhe gaveto theteacher isunbelievable.
2.I willnever forgetthe dayI met.I willnever forgetthe daywe spenttogether.考点三非限制性从句判断下面两个句子是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句
1.I lostall themoney youlent meyesterday.
2.I lostall themoney,without which I hadto walkhome.
1.Like anything,it ispossible tohave too much ofboth,isnotgood for the health.
2.But Sarah,has takenpartinshows alongwith topmodels,wants toprove thatshe hasbrains aswell asbeauty.
3.My connectionwith pandasgoes backto mydays ona TVshow in the mid-1980s,Iwasthe firstWestern TVreporter.【答案与解析】分析句子结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，且从句中缺少主语，故填
1.Which whichO先行词是从句中缺少主语，所以应该用
2.who Sarah,who由句子结构可以判断空格处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是表示时间的从句中缺少状语，
3.when mid-1980s,因此填关系副词wheno考点四介词+关系代词which/whom1This isthe watchwhich/that Iam lookingfor.2The babieswhom/who/thatthe nurseis lookingafter arevery healthy.He loveshis parentsdeeply,all ofwhom arevery kindto him.例【针对练习】
4.
1.Do youlike thebook shespent$
102.Do youlike thebook shepaid$
103.Do youlike thebook shelearned a lot
4.Do youlike thebook sheoften talks
5.He builta telescopehe couldstudy theskies.
6.There isa talltree outside,stands ourteacher.
7.China has alotof rivers,the secondlongest isthe YellowRiver.
8.The towerpeople canhave agood viewisonthe hill.
9.The manI spokeonthephone lastnight isvery goodat writing.
10.He paidthe boy$10for washingten windows,most hadntbeen cleanedfor atleast ayear.
11.He gaveme somenovels Iam notvery familiar.
12.1still rememberthe dayI firstgot toParis.答案:
1.on which
2.for which
3.from which
4.about which
5.through which
6.on which
7.of which
8.on which
9.to whom
10.ofwhich
11.with which
12.on which［颜真题演练^■lllllilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll.（年新高考全国卷）
1.2022I TheGPNP isintended toprovide strongerprotection forall thespecies65live within the GiantPanda Rangeand significantlyimprove thehealth ofthe ecosysteminthearea.【答案】考查定语从句关系词句意该计划旨在为生活在的所有物种提供更有力的保that GiantPanda Range护，并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句，先行词等于关系词，设空处在从句中作指物的主语，先行词为且先行词前为修饰，只能用关系代词故填species,all thatthat（年全国甲卷）
2.2022On the1,
100.Kilometer journey,the manCao Shengkang,62lost hiseyesight atthe ageof eightina caraccident,crossed40cities andcounties inthree province.【答案】考查定语从句句意在公里的旅程中，岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个who11008省的个城市和县分析句子结合句意可知，此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为指人,在从句40CaoShengkang,中作主语，应用关系代词引导故填who who（新高考）
3.2021I,39The80,000objects collectedby SirHans Sloane,for example,formed thecore collectionof theBritishMuseum openedin
1759.【答案】which/that（课标全国）
4.2021I,63Because themoon Isbody blocksdirect radiocommunication witha probe,China firsthad toputa satellitein orbitabove themoon ina spotit couldsend signalsto thespacecraft andto Earth.【答案】where（课标全国）
5.2020HI,61In ancientChina lived an artistpaintings werealmost lifelike.【答案】whose（江苏）
6.2020,21Many lessonsare nowavailable online,from studentscan choosefor free.【答案】which（天津）
7.2020,6Dr.Rowan,secretary resignedtwo weeksago,has hadto doall hisown typing.【答案】whose
8.（2021・）匕京市•期末考试）It wasall happeningtoo quickly,made manypeople feelnervous.
9.（2021・」匕京市•期末考试）The university,many topstudents study,is cuttingits enrollmentin halfnext term.
10.（2023•安徽省・单元测试）Some ofthe roadswere flooded,made ourjourney moredifficult.（•全国•月考试卷）
11.2022Occasions arequite rareIhavethe timeto spenda daywith mykids.（•全国•模拟题）
12.2020My grandmawas bornat atime mobilephones werenot evenin peoplesimaginations.
13.After livingin Parisfor fiftyyears hereturned to the small town hegrew upasachild
14.According tohistorians,there hasntbeen acountry withsuch alarge populationin humanhistory hasmadesuch profoundchanges andimprovements withinsuch ashort spanof time.（•江苏省南京市•期末考试）
15.2022A lotof languagelearning,has beendiscovered,is happeninginthefirst yearoflife,so parentsshould talkmuch totheir childrenduring thatperiod..【答案】8which【知识点】关系代词引导非限制性定语从句which【解析】句意一切发生得太快，这使许多人感到紧张分析结构，此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子，在非限制性定语从句中作主语，用关系代词故填Which.which..【答案】9where【知识点】关系副词引导的非限制性定语从句where【解析】句意这所大学有许多尖子生在那里学习，下学期将减半招生分析结构，此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语，表示在这个大学里，用关系副词故填:university where.where..【答案】10which【知识点】关系代词引导非限制性定语从句Which【解析】句意一些道路被淹，这使我们的旅程变得更加困难分析句子可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，且先行词为前面整个句子，应用关系代词引导故填Which which.【答案】11When【知识点】关系副词引导限制性定语从句when【解析】句意我有时间和我的孩子们一起度过一天的时候很少见根据句意和结构可知，这里是定语从句，先行词是定语从句中不缺成分，缺少时间状语，用引导定语从句故填occasions,when when.【答案】12when【知识点】关系副词引导限制性定语从句when【解析】分析句子结构可知，设空处需填入一个关系副词来引导定语从句；本句中先行词表时间，在定time语从句充当时间状语，要用关系副词引导，故填when when.【答案】13where【知识点】关系副词引导限制性定语从句where【解析】句意在巴黎住了五十年后，他回到了他小时候长大的那个小镇本句是关系副词引导的定语where从句,先行词是作地点状语,相当于故填the smalltown,inthesmalltownwhere.【答案】14which/that【知识点】关系代词引导限制性定语从句、关系代词引导限制性定语从句that which【解析】分析句子结构可知，设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词指物，在从句中作主语，所以country,用关系代词故填which/thato which/thato.【答案】15as【知识点】关系代词引导非限制性定语从句as【解析】句意正如人们所发现的那样，许多语言学习是在生命的第一年进行的，所以在那个时期父母应该多跟孩子说话根据句子结构可知，空格处为非限制性定语从句的引导词，先行词为一个句子A lotof language先行词在定语从句中作主语，当定语从句为被动语态时，常用作主语来引导定语从句；learning ishappening...,as如果从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般用作主语故填which as才圉过关检测，语法填空In China,food deliverymenare alwaysinarush betweentraffic regardlessof windor rain.]they makeour lifemoreconvenient,this cancome at2cost forthem.On fooddelivery serviceplatforms,the time limit iscalculated byan算法algorithm.But itdoesnt considerreal-life3situation,suchas redlights andspeed limits.For deliverymen,delay meansa decreasein pay.So theyspeed upand oftenbreak trafficrules,4put notonly theirown livesat risk,but alsothe livesof others.Many peoplescolded andasked theplatforms toimprovethe regulationson delivery.5response,Eleme announcedit wouldadd abutton tothe app,6allows customerstoextend the timelimit.But thiscreated more7heat debate,as somefelt thecompany wasdistracting attention.The ShanghaiCustomer Councilcommented thatthemove wasnot reasonable,adding thatthe problemsshould8settle betweenthe companiesandtheir employees.Also,even withthe ability9allow moretime fordelivery,some usersfelt thiswouldnot10full addressthe problems.
1.Although/Though/While
2.a
3.situations
4.putting
5.In
6.which
7.heated
8.be settled
9.to allow
10.fully【解析】本文是一篇说明文文章主要讲述快递员由于受平台时间限制经常违反交通规则，威胁自己和他人的生命，许多人批评并要求快递平台完善规则，宣布将在应用程序中添加一个按钮，允许用户延长时间Eleme限制，引起更多热议考查让步状语从句句意虽然他们使我们的生活更方便，但他们要付出很大代价分析句子可知，设空处L引导的是让步状语从句，设空处为引导词，故填Although/Though/Whileo.考查固定短语句意同上分析句子可知，短语意为“以……为代价，根据句意，故填2at acost,a.考查名词句意但它没有考虑现实生活中的情况，如红灯和限速分析句子可知，设空处为的宾3consider语，应用名词，描述的是各种现实情况，应用复数形式，故填situations.考查现在分词句意所以他们加速，经常违反交通规则，不仅把自己的生命置于危险之中，也把他人的生4命置于危险之中分析句子可知，设空处为非谓语动词，作状语，和主语之间是主动关系，应用的现在分put词,故填putting.考查固定短语句意作为回应，宣布将在应用程序中添加一个按钮，允许用户延长时间限制短语5Eleme意为“作为回应”,根据句意，故填in response,In.考查定语从句句意同上分析句子可知，」为非限制性定语从66allows customerso extendthetimelimit句，设空处为引导词，指代前面的句子，故填which.考查形容词句意但这引发了更激烈的争论，因为一些人认为该公司分散了人们的注意力分析句子可知，7设空处修饰名词，应用的形容词作定语，故填heat heated.考查语态句意上海客户协会评论说，此举不合理，并补充说，问题应该在公司和员工之间解决分析句8子可知，设空处为谓语，接在情态动词后，应用动词原形，主语和谓语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态,should故填be settledo.考查不定式句意止匕外，即使有能力允许更多的时间投递，一些用户认为这不能完全解决问题9the ability“有做某事的能力”，故填to dosth toallow.考查副词句意同上分析句子可知，设空处修饰动词应用的副词形式作状语，故填10address,full fullyo单句填空
11.He wrotea longletter heexplained whathad happenedintheaccident.
12.We arehoping forsupport fromMr Webster,without supportwe cantmake it.
13.Some ofthe teachersatthecollege askedDr Naismithto inventa gamecan beplayed indoors.
14.Sierra Leoneisacountry basichealth facilitiesare lackingand manypeople arestruggling withpoverty.
15.Those motorcycles,a hugeumbrella isfixed,are ahuge threatto peoplewalking inthe street.
16.Fm sorrynot tohave repliedto yourletter earlier,for,1must say,I apologize.
17.Almost everyteenager willexperience aperiod intheir lifethey arentcontent withtheir parents.
18.Once therelivedarich manwanted todo somethingforthepeople ofhis town.
19.Weve reachedthe NullaborPlain stretchesfor1,000km andis completelyflat.
20.Without thinkingtoomuchabout it,I wenttotheStudent AffairsOffice,I knewI couldfind clothesintheLost andFound^^box.先行词是从句意思完整，不缺少成分，所以此处填关系副词表示“在信中”
11.where letter,where,先行词是作的定语，所以用
12.whose MrWebster,support whoseo先行词为关系代词在定语从句中作主语,且指物，故用或引导
13.that/which game,that which先行词为关系副词在定语从句中作地点状语，故答案为
14.where country,whereo先行词为关系副词在定语从句中作地点状语，故用引导，表示“在摩托车上”
15.where motorcycles,where从句中为插入语,可忽略不计分析定语从句可知，关系代词在定语从句中作介词的
16.whichImust sayfor。
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