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重难点01-1阅读理解之题型剖析-2023年高考英语【热点•重点•难点】专练（新高考专用）命题趋势新高考阅读理解两年（）题型统计2021-2022年份20222021卷另卷I卷n卷I卷n细节理解题6788推理判断题7555词义猜测题1211主旨大意题1111对于新高考省份来说，两年是新课标老教材新高考，年将是新课标新教材新高考，由此2021-20222023我们有理由认为在体现“稳中有变”原则的前提下，结合考虑“三新”的情况，预计年高考英语的命2023题会在“变”上加大力度就阅读理解题型而言，根据上表的统计情况分析看，笔者以为细节理解题比重有减少的趋势，而在推理判断题或是在主旨大意题上亦有可能增加比重、细节理解题》热点解读）细节理解题的题干是针对原文的具体叙述进行设题的，主要考查考生对所阅读的材料中的某一个特定细节、原文中的主要事实的甄别能力
（一）所考查的主要内容细节理解题所考查的内容主要有直接信息题和间接信息题.直接信息题的答案几乎可以直接从原文中找出来，考生只要根据题干中的关键词与原文进行对照,就1能找到答案；.间接信息题也就是语义转化题（需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，两者存在表达2上的差异，有时需要进行加工或整理后方能得出结论）这类题目要求考生能理解原文中某个短语或句子的含义，从而找到与答案意思相同的词语和句子这种题属于中档层次题，包括数字计算题、排列顺序题、图表图画题等
（二）正选项的主要特征professional dancer,she touredin the UK,but alwayslonged toexplore further.When sheretired fromdancing andhersons eventuallyflew thenest,she decidedit wastime to take theplunge.After takinga degreeat ChichesterUniversity inRelated Arts,Ginni beganto travelthe world,eventually gettingworkteaching English in Japanand Chile.And itwas inChile shediscovered shecould getlast-minute cheapdeals onshipsgoing toAntarctica from the islandsoff Tierradel Fuego,the southernmosttip of the SouthAmerican mainland.Ijust decidedwanted to go,“she says.had noidea aboutwhat Idfind thereand I wasnt nervous,I justwanted to do it.And I wanted to do italone as I alwaysprefer itthat way.”In March2008,Ginni boardeda shipwith48passengers shednever metbefore,to begin the journeytowardsAntarctica.From seeingthe wildlife to witnessingsunrises,the wholeexperience was amazing.Antarctica leftanimpression onme thatno other place has,“Ginni says.I rememberthe firsttime I saw ahumpback whale;it justroseout of the waterlike someprehistoric creatureand Ithought itwas smilingat us.You couldstill hearthe operaticsoundsit wasmaking underwater.”The realizationthat thisis aprecious land,to berespected byhumans,was one of thebiggest things that hithome toGinni.
11.What is the textmainly aboutA.A childhooddream.B.An unforgettableexperience.C.Sailing around the world.D.Meeting animalsin Antarctica.【满分技巧3】借助抓手提炼标题抓手一“掐住关键词”要掐住反复出现的词语・，多次强调的观点，这些其实就是体现主旨的关键词，也是提炼标题的关键词；抓手二“浓缩主题句找准主题句，将主题句进行凝练浓缩，提炼出其中的核心词汇，而这往往就是标题的核心词汇；抓手三“串联诸细节”分析原文重要细节，找出其中的共同点，串联这些共同点提炼标题；抓手四“正误皆可试”一是试“对”法（解题节省时间而保险系数低）用最可能的选项去验证其与原文内容的相似度，最相似者为最佳选项；二是试“错”法（保险系数大而解题耗时太多）把四个选项与原文内容一一比对，逐一排除错误选项【经典考例】（•全国高考甲卷篇）2022B Goffins cockatoos,a kindof smallparrot nativeto Australasia,have beenshown tohavesimilar shape-recognition abilitiesto ahuman two-year-old.Though notknown touse toolsin thewild,the birdshaveproved skilfulat tooluse whilekept in the cage.In arecent experiment,cockatoos werepresented with a boxwitha nutinside it.The clearfront of the boxhad akeyhole in a geometricshape,and the birds weregiven fivedifferentlyshaped keysto choosefrom.Inserting thecorrect keywould letout thenut.In humans,babies canput around shapein around holefrom aroundone yearof age,but it will be another year（对称的）before theyare abletodothe samewith lesssymmetrical shapes.This ability to recognizethat ashape willneedto beturned in a specificdirection beforeitwillfit iscalled anallocentric frameof reference^.In theexperiment,Goffinscockatooswere ableto selectthe righttool for the job,in mostcases,by visualrecognition alone.Wheretrial-and-error wasused,the cockatoosdid betterthan monkeysin similartests.This indicatesthat Goffinscockatoos doindeedpossess anallocentric frameof referencewhen movingobjects inspace,similar totwo-year-old babies.The nextstep,according to the researchers,is totry andwork outwhether thecockatoos relyentirely onvisual（线索），clues oralso usea senseof touchin makingtheir shapeselections.
25.Which can beasuitable titlefor the textA.Cockatoos:Quick ErrorCheckers B.Cockatoos:Independent LearnersC.Cockatoos:Clever Signal-Readers D.Cockatoos:Skilful Shape-Sorters
四、词义/句意猜测题词义/句意猜测题是高考阅读理解考查里面尽管所占比例最小，但它是必考的题型之一它可以是对一个单词的意义的推断，也可以是对一个短语或句子的意义的推断；既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的僻意，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，而要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词、短语的意义、代词的指代或句子的隐含意义热点解读）
（一）所考查的主要内容词义猜测对原文中所划线的单词、习语或短语的意义、代词指代的猜测；句义猜测对原文中所划线句子的意义的猜测
（二）正选项的主要特征.生词的本义对划线超课标词的本义解释；
1.熟词的僻意对划线熟词作出僻意的解释；
2.代词的指代对划线代词逻辑指代的解释；3,句子的含义对原句隐性意义的显性解释4
（三）干扰项的主要特征.表里不一的解释干扰项会列出划线部分的字面意思或常规含义，此乃“表里不一”；
1.貌合神离的解释干扰项所表达的意思表面上看与原文中划线部分相当吻合，其实不符，此乃“貌合2神离”干扰项所表达的意思考生非常熟悉，代到原文看似说得通，其实不通，亦乃“貌合神离”；.毫不相干的解释命题者故意杜撰出来的解释，此乃“毫不相干”3号满分技巧【满分技巧1】利用划线词与邻里关系解词义猜测题除了通常所用的构词法来解词义猜测题外，我们还可以借助下列关系来解词义猜测题划线词与邻里关系主耍有下列几种.逻辑关系同义/近义关系、反义关系、因果关系、让步/转折关系、对比关系、相似关系等等（以上关1系都有明显的标志词）；.语法关系同位关系（同位语及其从句）、限制关系（限制性定语从句）、解释关系（非限制性定语2从句、下定义）等等注意同位关系和解释关系有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号、引号和括号等表示【经典考例1]（•全国高考乙卷篇节选）2022C Thatincludes hugesavings in maintenance costsand betterprotection ofrailwaypersonnel safety.It iscalculated thatEuropean railwaysalone spendapproximately20billion eurosa yearonmaintenance,including sendingmaintenance staff,often atnight,to inspectand repairthe railinfrastructure.That can bedangerous workthat couldbe avoidedwith dronesassisting thecrews efforts.
29.What doesmaintenance“underlined in paragraph3refer toA.Personnel safety.B.Assistance fromdrones.C.Inspection andrepair.D.Construction ofinfrastructure.【经典考例2】（•新高考卷篇节选）2021I CWhen the explorers firstset footupon thecontinent ofNorth America,the skiesandlands werealive withan astonishingvariety ofwildlife.Native Americanshad takencare of these preciousnaturalresources wisely.Unfortunately,it tooktheexplorersand thesettlers whofollowed onlya fewdecades todecimate a（水禽）large part of theseresources.Millions of waterfowl werekilled at the handsof markethunters and a handfulofoverly ambitioussportsmen.Millions of acres ofwetlands weredried tofeed andhouse theever-increasing populations,greatly reducingwaterfowl habitat.
29.What does the underlinedword decimate”mean in the firstparagraphA.Acquire.B.Export.C.Destroy.D.Distribute.【经典考例3]（•天津第一次高考卷篇节选）2021B Thepoignancy ofJordan retiringfrom hisbeloved basketballto playbaseballand whathad pushedhim tomake sucha toughdecision tookme bysurprise.As Iwatched himtake offhisbasketball uniformand replaceit witha baseballuniform,Isawhim leavingbehind thelayer thatno longerserved him,just asour lizardhad.Neither of them chosethe momentthat hadtransformed them.But theyhad tolive withwho theywereafter everythingwas different.Just likeus.I realizedthat wehave tolearn to leave thepast behind.
43.The underlinedpart leavingbehind thelayer“in Paragraph8can beunderstood as.A.giving up an opportunityB.looking fora newjobC.getting ridof abad habitD.letting goof thepast【经典考例4]（•天津第一次高考卷篇节选）2020C Makingthe skieselectric isn*t justgood for the environment,it alsomakessound financialsense:a smallaircraft uses$400on conventionalfuel fora100-mile flight,while anelectric onecosts$8-12for thesame distance,and that*s beforeyou factor in thehigher maintenancecosts of a traditionalengine.Theresalso theadded bonusthat electricplanes arejust muchmore pleasantto flyin.No loudengine noise,no smellof fuel,just environmentallyfriendly peaceand quiet.
47.The expression“added bonus”refers to the factthat electricplanes.A.give passengersmore pleasantviews B.bring airlinesmore financialbenefitsC.offer moreenjoyable flyingexperiences D.cost lessinmaintenancethan traditionalones【满分技巧2】利用原句（意）与选项比对解句意猜测题寻找原句前后的关键信息，细读并分析这些关键信息，推断出原句的大体意思，将其与备选项进行比对，内容契合度最高的就是正确答案【经典考例】（•天津高三专题练节选）2022If you are uncomfortable,being silentwill onlymake itworse andmake the otherperson uncomfortableas well.So whenall elsefails,follow throughwith smalltalk untila commontopic appears.A goodway to keep aconversation goingis to ask the other personquestions.People loveto talk about themselvesand if youdo this,they willleave theconversation,thinking veryhighly of you.Learning goodcommunication skillsisnot somethingout ofreach.If youmake aneffort,you willsucceed.
20.Whats themeaning of the underlinedsentenceA.You willbe good at communicationif youtry.B.Good communication skills can be learnedif youtry.C.Not allpeople canlearn goodcommunicationskills.D.Communication skillscan beimproved easily.【满分技巧3】利用定核与代人替换解代词指代题判断被指代的部分是指代上文还是指代下文，将该被指代部分的内容代入原文替换这个代词，核实句意是否符合上下文的语境，符合的就是正确答案【经典考例】（•山东高考/新高考卷篇节选）2020I CIn themid-1990s,Tom Bisselltaught Englishas a volunteer inUzbekistan.He leftafter seven months,physically brokenand havinglost hismind.A fewyears later,still attractedtothe country,he returnedto Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.His visit,however,ended upinvolving a lot more than that.Hence this book,Chasing theSea:Lost AmongtheGhosts ofEmpire in Central Asia,which talksabout aroad tripfrom Tashkentto Karakalpakstan,where millions oflives have been destroyedby theslow dryingup of the sea...
29.What doesthe underlinedword thatin paragraph2refer toA.Developing aserious mentaldisease.B.Taking aguided tourinCentral Asia.C.Working as avolunteer in Uzbekistan.D.Writing an article about the AralSea.限时检测（题目序号仿新高考）每组答题时间不超过分钟30Group1AFour newbooks to read（届广东省六校高三上学期第二次联考）2023The booksthat areincluded in this listcan meetyour readingneedsat any time ofyear.Nobody WillTell YouThis butMeBess KalbInthisbook,the authorshares theadvice herbeloved grandmotherBobby lefther.Bobby was a powerfulwomanwho shouldnever beunderestimated,and she was veryknowledgeable about the familystraditions andsecrets.Thebook provesthat familybonds canendure throughgenerations andbeyond death.We CameHere toShineSusie OrmanSchnallWe CameHere toShine focuseson thestrong femalefriendship betweenan aspiringjournalist and an unluckyactressat the1939New YorkWorlds Fair.Leaning oneach other,these twoambitious womenstruggled against（困境）adversity ata timewhen womenhad littlesay.A Star Is BoredByronLaneFavored bytelevision starJonathan VanNess,this novelis partlybased on the authorsexperiences as the formerpersonalassistant toCarrie Fisher,a legendaryAmerican actress.The bookfollows CharlieBesson,the newassistant totheHollywood icon,Kathi Kannon.Their three-year journeytogether is an unforgettableadventure thatis funny,heartbreaking,and hopeful.Fast GirlsEliseHooperThe storyin FastGirls tookplace duringthe1936Berlin Olympics,where Betty Robinson,Louise Stokes,andHelen Stephensovercame difficultpasts to attain Olympicglory asthe worldsfastest femaleathletes.Beyond theathleticjourney,they alsoaimed tochallenge thesocial standardsof whatfemales canachieve.
21.Who is the characterin BessKalbs bookA.Bobby.B.Susie OrmanSchnall.C.Carrie Fisher.D.BettyRobinson.
22.What kindof bookis A StarIs BoredA.A biography.B.An industryreport.C.A real-life basednovel.D.A fictionaladventure story.
23.Which of the followingbooks willyou chooseif you are interestedin sportsA.We CameHere toShine B.Nobody WillTell YouThis butMeC.AStarIsBoredD.Fast GirlsB届浙江省杭州二中新高三上学期适应性测试2023Al thoughit is a businessnot manyare awareof,sidewalkrobots areset to become anindustry withannual salesof$Ibn within a decade,reckons IDTechEx,a Britishfirm ofanalysts.These four-or six-wheeled autonomousmachines,usually thesize of a suitcase,are alreadydeliveringgroceries and other goodsin America,China andEurope.That putsthem aheadof manydriverless cars,vans andlorries beingdeveloped.Those biggervehicles areheldback notby technologybut regulation,says ZehaoLi ofIDTechEx.So havinga Hsafetydriver onboard readyto takeoverif thereis aproblem,which ishardly labor-saving.For theselarger contraptionsregulators want to seesafety systemsthoroughly proved.But there are legalhurdles,too.In JanuaryBritains LawCommission,which reviewslegislation,recommended thatit shouldnot be the personinthe driversseat whofaces prosecutionif avehicle in autonomous modecrashes,but themanufacturer orbody thatsoughtapproval forits use.Meanwhile,sidewalk robots are gettingon with the job.Among them,Starship Technologies,based inSanFrancisco,reckons it has alreadyclocked upmore than
2.5m deliverieswith botsina number ofcities,universitycampuses andbusiness parksin Europeand America.Amazon iscarrying outtrials witha similarsort ofmachine itcallsScout.Kiwibot,a Colombianstartup,is makingsidewalk deliveriesin California.Typically,these robotscarry a few bags of groceriesusing a variety ofsensors,including cameras,radar andGPSto navigateand avoidobstacles andpeople.Their progresscan bemonitored on a phoneapp,which alsounlocks themforgoods to be retrieved.As theyare small,move slowlyStarshisbots mightreach aheady6kphand are“telemonitored bypeople ina controlroom whocan takeover,authorities seemmore willingto givethem agreen light.Such robotsare alsobecoming moreautonomous.In JanuaiyServe Robotics,another SanFranciscan firmwhosebackers includeUber,a ride-hailing giant,said ithad deployeda newsidewalk botwith level4autonomy,which meansitcan operatewithout telemonitoringin somepredesignated areas.Robotic versionswhich operateon roadsbut haveno driverscab are also appearing.Nuro,a SiliconValley firm,makes oneabout thesize ofa smallcar that can carry24bagsofgroceries.It haschilled andheated compartmentsforfood anddrinks.Further along the roadin earningtheir keep,these deliverybotsarehelping topave the way for the timewhenbigger autonomousvehicles canjoin them.
24.What canwe learnfrom paragraphoneA.Sidewalk robotsare portablelike asuitcase.B.In thepast decade,Ibn dollarshave beeninvested intoindustry.C.The deliveryindustries of the US,China andEurope aredependent onsidewalk robots.D.The industryof sidewalk robot isexpanding unknowingly.
25.According to the passage,who should be responsiblefor automaticdriving caraccidentsA.Safety driversseated in the driversseat.B.Every passengerexcept thedriver.C.Organizations supportiveof autonomousmode.D.Manufacturers andbodies seekingapproval for using safetydrivers.
26.What doesthe underlinedphrase in paragraph fourmeanA.reached B.designed C.bought D.invented
27.Which of the followingstatements isNOT trueaccording to the passageA.Amazon isusing Scoutto delivergroceries for people.B.If groceriesare wronglydelivered,robots cantake themback.C.Some robotsmay delivergroceries withno onetelemonitoring them.D.Both cold and hotfood canbe preservedinside asidewalkrobotdeveloped byNuro.C（山东省青岛西海岸、平度、胶州、城阳四区联考学年高三上学期期中）2022-2023Li Jianguo,a49-year-old一teacher at the TianjinVocational Institute,is setto benamed as one of the2022most beautifulteachers^^an annualpublicaward sponsoredby thePublicity Departmentof theCommunist Partyof ChinaCentral Committeeand theMinistryof Education.Li hasstood outby takingthe leadin thetraining ofstudents invocational skills,gaining anumber ofhonorsincluding beingnamed a national role model teacher.He hasmentored sevennational-level techniqueexperts and ateam of14technique“masters”.One of his students,Guo Jinpeng,who graduatedfrom the institute in2007,became acollegeteacher at the ChengduAuto Vocationaland TechnicalSchool andwas namedanational rolemodelteacher in
2019.Lis nominationasoneof the“most beautifulteachers“reflects thatChina isfocusing on the importance ofvocational education and aims to fostermore leadingpersonnel with the spiritof craftsmanshipin themanufacturingindustry.At aninternational vocationaland technicaleducation conferencein Tianjinlast month,Li notedthat thereis nodifferencebetween vocationaleducationandordinary education,and vocationaleducation is not secondary”norshould itever betreated asless thanordinary education,\Vocational educationhas themission offostering aqualityworkforce andtechnical expertsfor the country.The hardworking spirit is the key to buildingany ordinarypeople intoleadingpersonnel,he said.Li joinedtheinstitutein1993and laterfounded a machinery engineeringpractice center,providing freetraining to7,500people aweek.In2015,he leda teamof teachersto workfor40days torenovate124machine toolsin thecenter.Li hasdevoted himselfto buildingthecountrys firstadditive manufacturingtechnique and application centerat theinstituteto satisfythe thirstfbr thecountrys humanresources in3D printing.
28.Which of the followingis asuitable titlefor the textA.China SponsoringAnnual Awardfor TeachersB.China Aimingto DevelopMore LeadingPersonnelC.Vocational Teacherto BeAwarded asMost BeautifulTeachers”D.Different EducationTraining DifferentKinds ofStudents
29.Why doesthe authormention GuoJinpeng in paragraph2A.To makea comparisonwith LiJianguo.B.To showthe achievementsof LiJianguo.C.To praisenational-level techniqueexperts.D.To publicizenationalrolemodel teachers.3O.What isLis opinionaboutvocational educationA.It is a goodway ofwinning awards.B.It is not asgood asordinary education.C.It shoulddevelop qualifiedand skilledtalent.D.It hasnothing todo withhardworkingspirit.
31.Which of the followingbest describesLis jobat theinstituteA.Boring.B.Well-paid.C.Difficult.D.Creative.D（湖南省长沙市长郡中学学高三上学期月考二）2022-2023It isntjust thebeauty ofvast naturalwonders liketheGrand Canyonthat cantake yourbreath away.You canfind awein everydaythings.A new research,published inthejournal Emotion,found thatolder adultswho took“awe walksfelt morepositive emotionsin theirdaily lives.In the study,52older adultsaged60to90were dividedrandomly into two groups.They weretold to take at leastone15-minute walkeach weekfor eightweeks.Volunteers in the“awe group“were instructedin how to inspireawe astheywalked.4CWe askedthem totry tosee the world withfresh eyes—totakein newdetails ofa leafor flower,fbrexample JSturm says.For example,one participantfrom the awe groupwrote about“the beautifulfall colorsand how（嘎吱响）the leaveswere no longer crunchyunderfoot becauseof the rain”-the wonderthat smallchildren feelas theyembracetheir expandingworld.However,people in theothergroup wereless focusedon theworld aroundthem.Oneparticipant wroteJT thoughtabout ourvacation inHawaii nextThursday.^^（自拍）In addition,participants wereasked totake selfiesin thebeginning,middle,and endof eachwalk.Researchers found that participantswho tookawe walksshowed a small self,in that they filledless of theirphotographs with their ownimage andmore with the background scenery.When wefeel awe,our attentionshifts fromfocusingon ourselvesto focusingon theworld aroundus,Sturm says.Awe affectsour socialrelationships becauseithelps usto feelmore connectedwith theworld,universe,and otherpeople.Their smilesalso grewbroader by the endofthe study.We analyzedthe intensityof theirsmiles in the selfies,and participantswho tookawe walksdisplayedgreater smilesover timethan thosewho tookcontrol walks.The formerreported greaterpositive emotionsin general,including more joy andgratitude.Participants in the controlgroup tookmore frequentwalks thanthose people in theawe group,the researchersdiscovered.But walkingmore didntresult inpositive changes in emotionalhealth or in theway theirselfies weretaken.This suggeststhat the results weremainly due to experiencingawe,and notjust inspending timeexercising.
32.Whatwere participantsin theawe grouprequired todo inParagraph2A.To takea walkeach week.B.To focuson theirinner world.C.To collectleaves aftertherain.D.To explorewith childlikecuriosity.A.Close-up imageswith widesmiles.B.More attentionon themselves.C.Simply thebackgroundscenery.D.Small figureswith biggersmiles.
33.What canwe seein theselfies from theawewalks
34.What canwe knowfrom the last paragraphA.Experiencing awecounts.B.More walks,morejoy.C.Exercises canbenefit us.D.Awe comeswith walking.
35.Which of the followingcanbethe best titleA.Awe WalksPromote YourPhysical FitnessB.Experiencing AweDoes Wondersfor EveryoneC.Awe WalksImprove YourPositive EmotionsD.Frequent WalksContribute toEmotional HealthGroup2A（山东省青岛西海岸、平度、胶州、城阳四区联考学年高三上学期期中）2022-2023How toCreate aMorning Routineand Stickto ItThesimplest wayto startyour daywell is to create a morning routine.Here aresome stepsto createa routinethatwill becomea permanentpart ofyour dailylife.Identify YourCurrent ChallengesReviewyour currentbehaviors andseparate thegood habitsfromthebad.Maybe youralarm goesoff andyou rollover,pick upyour phone,and startchecking youremail.Or,you gostraight fbrsocial media.If yourelike me,you caneasilyget lostin yourphone.So reservepositive habitssuch asexercising,reading thingsthat youfind interesting,doingdaily journalingand focusingon your important projects.Pick HabitsThat AreImportant ToYouA successfulmorning routineshould besimple andstraightforward.It shouldinclude activitiesthat supportyourgoals,values,and thethingsthat make you happy.To getstarted,click on the linkto watchthis videoand picka fewgoodhabits thatmatch yourpersonal preference.Schedule YourMorning RoutineItsimportant toschedule your morning routineat certaintimes throughoutthe week.You shouldschedule it at aspecifictime eachday andmake sureyou haveenough time to completeit.To getstarted,try schedulingat least30minutes for this morningroutine.Focus onConsistencyThe mostimportant aspect ofamorningroutineis consistency.Thafs whyyou shouldmake thecommitment tonevermiss aday ofyourmorningroutine.A quickstrategy tostay consistentis to apply thedont breakthechain“principle thafsdiscussed in the followingvideo.
21.What mayhold you back fromcreating amorning routineA.Doing dailyjournaling.B.Reading interestingthings.C.Going straightfor socialmedia.D.Focusing onyourimportantprojects.
22.What is the mostimportant tocreateamorning routineA.Reserve thepositive habits.B.Do thingsthatmakeyouhappy.C.Schedule your routine flexibly.D Nevermiss aday ofyourroutine.
23.Where isthis textprobably takenfromA.A textbook.B.A website.C.A magazine.D.A newspaper.（湖南省长沙市长郡中学学高三上学期月考二）2022-2023Jim Thorpeis oneof the greatest athletesof alltime.He hadamazing athleticabilities andwas well-known duringhis lifetime,yet thatdid notmake Thorpea strangerloadversity.Thorpe was an AmericanIndian fromOklahoma whodeveloped hisextraordinary athleticskills in his youththroughhard labor.It was also inhis youththat helearned toendure hardshipbrought uponby racialprejudice.Manywould sayhis childhoodwas noteasy.He grewup poorand atage9his twinbrother passedaway and afewyears laterhelost bothofhisparents.But thatdid notstop himfrom doingwhat heloved andpursuing hisdreams.Nothing seemedto stophim,not evenstolenshoes.Just hoursbefore Thorpewas going to competein the1912Olympics,somebody stolehis shoes.Thoipe（临时拼凑）improvised bygetting shoesout of the garbage.The shoeswere twodifferent sizes.He worean extrapairof sockson onefoot toeven themout.一（标He stillwent onto win two goldmedals winningeach eventhe competedin exceptfor one,the javelin枪）.The javelinwas theonly eventhe didntwin,probably becausehe hadnever competedin thatevent before.It isinterestingto notethat Thorpehad triedto throwthe javelinonce beforein theOlympic trials.At thetime,he didntknow that hecould throwit witha runningstart.He threwit standingstill andwas placedsecond.（十项全能运动）.At theOlympics,he alsotook partin thedecathlon Hefinished firstin twoevents,third infourevents,and fourthintwomore.Thorpe ended up finishingthird in theworld.He wasundoubtedly adominating forcethatcouldnt bestopped andjust kepton going.I thinkPaul Dughisaid itbestJTts hard to imaginenowthatpro athletesget paidmillionsofdollars justto wear aparticular brand of shoes.For JimThorpe,it didntmatter whatkind hewore.”
24.What doesthe underlinedsentence inParagraph1meanA.The adversityThorpe metwith ledto hissuccess.B.Thorpes successwas noguarantee ofa betterlife.C.Thorpes careerbrought himboth gainsand losses.D.Thorpe sufferedmany hardshipsdespite hissuccess.
25.Why didThorpe wearmore sockson onefootA.To prevent the footfrom injury.B.To makethe shoefit thefoot.C.To stopthe shoefrom beingstolen.D.To showhis problem-solving skills.
26.What mostlikely ledto Thorpesfailure towin thejavelinA.Loss ofhis ownsports shoes.B.A casualattitude towardsthe event.C.Lack ofexperience in the event.D.A shortageof talentfor theevent.
27.Which of the followingwords canbest describeJim ThorpeA.Loyal andenthusiastic.B.Genuine andcreative.C.Tough andstrong-minded.D.Selfless and good-tempered.
1.同义近义替换把原文中的关键在正确选项中进行同义近义替换；
2.词性语去转换把原文中的关键词在正确选项中变换了词性；在正确选项中改变了原文句子的语态；
3.复杂语言简化把原文中的复杂语言现象在正确选项中进行了简化；4•正话反话转换把原文中的意思反过来表达（正话反说或反话正说）而成为正确选项（适用于寻找错误选项的题目）
（三）干扰项的主要特征1步缩范围干扰项或是扩大或是缩小了范围（通过改变或去掉限制性词语，将信息的范围、程度、感情色彩等改变），使其与原文的内容一部分吻合，一部分相悖此种类型的干扰项也有人称之为“正误参半”（“误”的那一部分就是“鱼目混珠，以假乱真”）；
4.无中生有干扰项所述内容在原文中并未提及此种类型的干扰项在某种情况下又可称之为“偷梁换柱”（符合常识，但在原文中貌似有却没有）；
5.张冠李戴原文中有与干扰项相一致的细节，但与题干要求貌似神离最典型的有两种一种是对原文中所涉及到的“彼”和“此”的信息进行转嫁（把本来属于“彼”的信息转嫁到“此”的身上，反过来亦然）另一种是考生把自己制作的“冠”（与某个干扰项非常相似）戴在“题干”上也就是说，考生不是依据原文信息进行选择，而是将自己置身其中凭自己的认知对标干扰项而作出的选择此种类型的干扰项也有人称之为“混淆视听”或“曲解文意”满分技巧］【满分技巧1题文比对法用“题文比对”法解直接信息题所谓“题文比对”就是在我们解题时，把题干中的“关键词”与原文中“有关信息”比对后定答案.从题干中（包括备选项）提取关键词语（题眼），锁定答题方向；
1.以这些“关键词语》为线索，运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在原文中找到与此关键词语相关的信息;
2.仔细比对所给选项与原文中相关信息，与原文信息吻合的选项就是正确答案3【经典考例】（2022・北京卷A篇）（引用原题号，以后同）Peer（同伴）Assisted StudySessions（PASS）is apeer-facilitated（届广东省六校高三上学期第二次联考）2023The worldsbiggest electric vehicle-a45-ton miningdump trucknamedthe eDumper—may haveto giveup itsthrone.The newcomer,powered withboth electricityand areserve ofhydrogen fuel,is goingto stealthat titleasthelargest electricmining truck.London-based AngloAmerican isdeveloping thebeast ofamachine-it weighs290tons-as partof itssustainablemining vision.The conceptualwork isdone,but U.K-based WilliamsAdvanced Engineeringwill bringthe truck to life.（柴油机）（锂电The idea istoreplace thevehicles dieselengine witha high-power modularlithium-ion battery7也）.“We aredelighted to be involved inthisinnovative andexciting projectwhich showsthe potentialof batterytechnologythat canadapt toincreased demands,from automotiveand motorsportto heavyduty industrialapplications/9Craig Wilson,managing directorof WilliamsAdvanced Engineering,said.一While theeDumpe-a miningtruck usedto movestones fromthe sidesof mountainsin Switzerlandreliesentirely onpure electricityand purephysics forpower,the AngloAmerican truck will useboth alithium-ion batteryand（电^也）a hydrogen fuel cellmodule.Altogether,the newtruckwillhave over1,000Kilowatt hoursof energy storage.Hydrogen fuelis aclear fuelthat producesonly waterasaby-product whenconsumed ina fuelcell.Ifs typicallyproducedfrom naturalgas,nuclear power,or renewablewind andsolar power.Adding hydrogenfuel cellsto thevehiclesbattery willallow thetrucktorun fbrlonger periodsof timewithout recharging.（动力的）Theres alsoa thirdtype ofpower thatcomes intoplay withthe AngloAmerican truck:kinetic energy（再生制动系统）.created through the processof regenerativebraking JWhen anelectricvehicle-be itthe AngloAmericantruck,or theeDumper-rolls downa hill,that movementcreates electricalenergy for the batteryas youbrake.The electricmotors powerthe carthrough thebatterys storedenergy,but can also becomemini generatorsthat returnsomeenergy back to thebattery.After AngloAmerican finishestest trialswiththetruck,the firmwill conductstudies tounderstand howthe truckspowerunits canbe usedto provideenergystoragein otherapplications.
28.What canbe knownabout“the eDumperA.It weighsmore than290tons.B.It ispowered byhydrogenfuel.C.It willnolongerbethelargest electrictruck.D.It willdiscourage buyersfor beingexpensive.
29.What canbe inferred from CraigWilsons wordsA.Battery technologyisthe keytoupdating vehicles.B.Battery technologyisthe basis ofmanufacturing trucks.C.The developmentofthelithium-ion batteryis limited.D.The futureofthelithium-ion batteryis promising.3O.What isthe benefitof adoptinghydrogenfuelcellsA.It cansave alot ofmoney.B.Vehicles becomemore eco-friendly.C.It hasno environmentalimpact atall.D.Vehicles nolonger needtoberecharged.
31.According toparagraph5,which ofthe followingcanbea featureof regenerativebrakingA.Autonomous braking.B.Energy transformation.C.Simple operation.D.zero-carbon emission.D（届浙江省杭州二中新高三上学期适应性测试）2023Parents,teachers andcaregivers havelong suspectedthemagic of storytelling tocalm kids.Researchers havenow quantifiedthe biologicaland emotionalbenefits ofa well-toldtale.“We knowthat narrativehas thepower totransport usto anotherworld Jsays GuilhermeBrockington fromBraziPsFederal University.Earlier researchsuggested thatstories helpchildren processand regulatetheiremotions—but thiswas mostlyconducted ina laboratory,with subjectsanswering questionswhile lyinginsidefunctional MRImachines.There arefew studieson biologicaland psychologicaleffects of storytelling ina morecommonplacehospital setting.”So investigatorsworking inseveral Brazilianhospitals splita totalof81patients aged4to11intotwogroups,matching themwith storytellerswho hada decadeof hospitalexperience.In onegroup,the storytellerled each child inplayinga riddlegame.In theother,youngsters chosebooks andlistened asthe storytellerread themaloud.Before andafterthese sessions,the researcherstook spitsamples fromeachchild,then askedthem toreport theirpain levelsandconducted afree-association wordquiz.一Children inboth groupsbenefited measurablyfromtheinteractions;they showedlower levels of cortisolthestress-related hormoneand higherlevels ofoxytocin,which isoften describedasafeel-good hormone.Yet kidsin thestorytellinggroup benefitedsignificantly more:their cortisollevels werea quarterof thosein theriddle group,and theiroxytocinlevels werenearly twiceas high.Those whoheard storiesalso reportedpain levelsdropping almosttwice asmuchas thosein theriddle group,and theyused morepositive wordsto describetheir hospitalstay.The studydemonstrates thatplaying gamesor simplyinteracting withsomeone canrelax kidsand improvetheiroutlook butthat hearingstories hasan especiallydramatic effect.The researchers really triedto controlthe socialinteractioncomponent ofthe storyteller,which I think wasthe key,“says RaymondMar,a psychologistat YorkUniversitywho was not involvedin thenewresearch.Next,the investigatorsplan tostudy howlong theseeffects last,along withstorytelling^potential benefitsto kidswithparticular illnessessuch ascancer.For nowBrockington saystheresultsindicate storytellingis alow-cost andextremelyefficient wayto helpimprove healthoutcomes inavarietyof settings.Mar agrees.Its verypromising andscalable/he says,“and possiblygeneralizable.
32.What isthe secondparagraph mainly aboutA.The effects of story-telling onchildren.B.The limitationsoftheearlier research.C.The methodsused inearlier studies.D.The majorbreakthroughs achievedso far.
33.The underlinedword“scalable”in the last paragraphis closestin meaningto.A.accessible B.comparable C.adjustable D.readable
34.Which ofthe followingis TRUEabout the study conductedin BrazilianhospitalsA.It measuredparticipants9blood levels.B.It dividedsubjects intogroups of
81.C.It quantifiedthe benefitsofstory-telling.D.It comparedimpact oftwo typesofstory-telling.
35.The conclusiondrawn fromthe studyis that.A.listening tostories reducespain andstress inhospitalized kidsB.interacting withothers improvessick kids,mental sharpnessC.story tellinghas potentialbenefits forkids withcancersD.riddle guessingis aseffective asstorytelling inhelping sickkidsGroup3A湖南省长沙市长郡中学学高三上学期月考二2022-2023Ifyou arelonging fora hikein Alaskaand arentsurewhere tostart,hereareour favorites.Theres somethingfor alllevels ofskills andambitions.The KenaiRiver Trail小道A halfmile downthis trailare wonderfulviews ofthe KenaiRiver Canyon.There arereally twotrailheads的起点；1the main“upper“trail startsat mile
0.6of SkilakLake Rd,and theother atmile
2.
3.Turnagain ArmTrailThis11-mile hikebegins atPotter TrailheadMile
115.Initially used by AlaskaNatives,the trail,canalsobeaccessible topoints alongtheway:McHugh CreckMile112,RainbowMile108and WindyMile
107.Iditarod National Historic TrailTheNationalHistoricIditarod Trailisa24-mile hikeused bygold minersand sled-dog teamsuntil1918,when theAlaskaRailroad wasfinished.Ws atwo-to-three dayhike throughsuperb mountainscenery toGirdwood whereitsknown asthe CrowPass Trail,and isthe regionsbest backpackadventure.毡房Put upa tentat Echo BendMile3,or rentoneoftwo yurts$65per nightcloseby.For ashorter outingyoucan turnaround atthe Perch,then return to theDew MoundTrail atEcho Bendand thento theNature Center,makingthis ascenic8-mile trip.Reed Lakes Trail花岗岩Two alpinelakes,waterfalls,glaciers andtowering granitewalls:the7-to-9-mile Reed LakesTrailis oneofthe mostwonderful hikesin theregion,and worththe climb.Once youreach upperReedLake,continue1mile toBomberGlacier,where theruin ofa B-29bomber lies in memorialto sixmen whodied ina1957crash.A.The KenaiRiver Trail.B.Turnagain ArmTrail.C.Iditarod NationalHistoric Trail.D.Reed LakesTrail.
22.At whichplace canhikers setupatentA.Girdwood.B.Potter Trailhead.C.EchoBend.D.Turnagain Arm.
21.Which ofthe followingwas originallyusedbyAlaska Natives
23.What willvisitors seeat BomberGlacierA.A memorialto sixheroes.B.A towermade ofgranite.C.The ruinofaB-29bomber.D.One ofthe mostsplendid waterfalls.（山东省青岛西海岸、平度、胶州、城阳四区联考学年高三上学期期中）2022-2023Roadsandrailways havemadeit easyfor peopleto travelaroundthe UK,but havehad theprecisely oppositeeffect for insects.Alongside（基石出设施）housing developments,transport infrastructurehas separatedinsect habitats,leaving manypollinators（传粉昆虫）stuck ondecreasing islandsof biodiversity.A newconservation projectaims toaddress thatby creatinga networkof wildflowersuperhighways acrosstheUK.The B-Lines networkaims tojoin thedots betweenmeadow habitats,enabling pollinatorsandotherwildlifetomovefreely between them.Ten yearsin themaking,the B-Lines initiativewas launchedby the insect charityBuglife onTuesdayand hasalready generatedinterest fromunexpected quarters.After thelaunch,some housebuilders rangupasking how they couldinclude thenetwork intohouse building,so itcould havea reallypositive effect,said Buglife^Paul Hetherington.Buglife hasspent thelast decademapping potentialroutes for theinsectsuperhighway.Hetherington saidtheproposed highwaycould givethe UKsweak insectsa boostandaroute out of habitatsthat becometoo hotdueto theclimate crisisand itcan makea hugedifference ineasing declines.The thingsthat havereally hammeredpollinatorsare habitat loss,loss ofconnectivity ofhabitat,climate changeand pesticides——this dealswith everythingexceptpesticides/9said Hetherington.The B-lines networkisnotjust aconcept.Pilot sectionshave alreadybeen completed,including theSouth WalesB-Lines nearCardiff.Since thatwas done,there havebeen recordingsof oneof ourrarest beesin Cardifftown centre,which showsthis connectivitycan work,said Hetherington.And inNorwich,Buglife hasbeen workingwith NetworkRailto plantwildflowers alongthe track.Anyone livingalongtheproposed routecan getinvolvedinthe project.Allthey needtodois lettheir lawnsgrow,or evenjust createasmallherb garden,which Hetheringtonlikened tocreating amotorwayservice stationfor bees”.
24.What canwe learnabout theB-Lines networkfrom paragraph2A.It willseparate insecthabitats.B.It canhelp insectsto pollinate.C.It isstill beingplanned now.D.It hasntcaused anyattention.
25.What doesthe underlinedword this”inparagraph3refer toA.The lastdecade.B.The superhighway.C.The climatecrisis.D.The decline.
26.How canpeopleinNorwich participateintheprojectA.By recordingthe tracksof bees.B.By cooperatingwith NetworkRail.C.By plantingherbs intheir owngardens.D.By creatinga motorwayservice station.
27.What isthetextmainlyaboutA.Roads andrailways havecaused badeffect oninsects.B.Transport infrastructureprevents housingdevelopments.C.Pollinators arestuck ondecreasing islandsof biodiversity.D.Conservationists arecreating superhighways“forinsects.（届浙江省杭州二中新高三上学期适应性测试）2023Ive beenin an18-year love-hate relationshipwithablackwalnut tree.（头）Its aunique tree.In lateSeptember orearly October,falling fruitsas hardas baseballsthreaten theskulls#ofyou,your children,your neighborsand those that residenext doorto them.Umbrellas inthe yardareamust whilediningin earlyAugust,and asfor me,I wearmy bike helmet while working inthe garden.The black walnut alsoreleases a chemical substancethrough itsroots asa competitivestrategy.It9s poisonoustoseveral commonplants.There havebeen manynew plantvarieties thatI broughthome withhopes thatmaybe theblackwalnut wouldaccept them,but they failed toflourish.What doeswork arenative plants that naturallygrow inthe area.Native plantsare importantto havearound since%〃山（传粉者）they providebeneficial plike birds,bees andbutterflies withseeds andcontribute toa healthyQ/and biodiverseenvironment.Native plantsfor thisarea aregenerally easyto grow,so theyexperience lessstress.Have Ithought of getting ridof thisgiant painin mytiny backyardYes however,getting ridof thistreestanding at50feet withan87-inch trunkis nextto impossible.Ifs alsoprotected underthe law.Rightfully so.Trees areimportantto theurban forest and forall ofthosethatinhabit it.Sometimes Ithink aboutmy lifewithout theblackwalnut.I cantimagine aspring withoutthebirdswho arriveeveryyear andloudly singtheir songsbefore dawn.Td missfalling asleepon lazyweekend afternoonsas Ilook upintoits leaves.Every spring,I wonderwhat the season holds:What arethe chancesof beingknocked unconsciouswhilebarbecuing Like any good relationship,Ill neverbe pleased.Tm stuckwith thistree,so Tillisten to its needs and giveitthe spaceit requires.Tn return,my walnutoffers ahabitat forwildlife anda reminder.
28.Why doesthe authorwearabikehelmetwhileworkinginthe gardenA.To protectthe injuredskull.B.To preventherself fromsunburn.C.To avoidbeing hitby thenuts.D.To reduce the chance ofgettingbitten bybees.
29.What isthe treessurvival strategyA.It attractsbeneficial pollinators.B.It letsout poisonto driveaway pests.C.It producesachemicalfatal tosome plants.D.It competesfor nutritionwith similarspecies.3O.Which ofthe followingDOESNT accountfor the authors love-hate relationshipwiththe treeA.The volumeof itsfruits maybring inconvenience.B.The treeoutcompetes thenative plantsinthegarden.C.The treeis hometo numerousbirds andother creatures.D.The presenceofthetree takesup muchspace ofthegarden.3l.The authormost probablygot areminder fromthetreethat.A.ifs betterto givethan totakeB.trees andplants havetheir ownways toflourishC.even a goodrelationshipisnotalways trouble-freeD.acceptance,instead ofresistance,isthebetter wayto beD（届广东省六校高三上学期第二次联考）2023Dreams,according toCarl Jung,reveal acertain amountof realityhiddenduring wakingconsciousness.In Jungianphilosophy,the conflictand chaosexperienced indreams finallybringorder toour lives.While Jungsmystical theoriesare debatable,hewasnot mistakenabout theimportanceof dreaming.A growingnumber ofreports showthat acontinuous lack ofdreamingis damagingour wakinghours inmany ways.（新陈代谢的）This trendis causingdamage toour immuneand metabolicsystems,let alonethe electronicproductsthat keepus uplate atnight areruining oursleep patterns,which haslong-term consequenceson ourmemory（）system.One studyshowed thatnot allowingmice tohave adequateamounts ofREM RapidEye Movementsleep,thestage inwhich wedream,the micecouldnt strengthenmemories.You mightthink thisis justa sleepproblem,but dreamingis inseparablefrom ournighttime rest.We sleepin（周期）,cycles eachlasting about90minutes;inasleep cycle,we gothrough non-REM sleepbefore hittingREM.As（）the nightprogresses,REM sleepperiods increasein lengthwhile deep sleep oneofthe stages ofnon-REM sleepdecreases.The longerwe sleep,the moretime wespend inREM,which iswhy we are oftendreaming whenwaking upinthe morning.If we sleep lessthan seven hours,however,it becomesharder toachieve thislevel ofREM.The combinationof sleepingand dreamingacts asan emotionalstabilizer.We recoverfrom emotionalhurt fasterwhenwesleepand dreamproperly.However,were notgetting enoughsleep tocycle throughthestagestotake（抗抑有剂）——advantage of this naturalcircadian anti-depressant Bdreams.Instead,we getdepressed andturn toalcoholor medicinesto getto sleep,which onlymakes thingsworse becauseeven onedrink leadsto lateREM whileanti-depressants promotedeepsleepattheexpense ofREM.Were payingforthislackofdreaming inmany ways.For example,a2021study statedthat comparedwith quiet（整合）restandnon-REM sleep,REM promotedthe formationof associativenetworks andthe integrationofunassociated information.Volunteers thatexperienced moreREM sleepwere betterequipped forsolving problemsrequiringcreative solutions.Rowan Hooper,the managingeditor atNew Scientist,writes thatdreams thatinclude anemotional core”appear tobea mainfunction ofREM sleepand thatwe shouldlook atsleep patternsas seriouslyas wedo dietand exercisehabits.
32.Whats CarlJungs viewabout dreamsA.They causechaos.B.They damageimmunity.C.They revealsecrets.D.They mirrorreality.
33.Why isthe sleepprocess explainedinparagraph3A.To showa dreammainly occursduring REM sleep.B.To provethe minimumsleep timeshouldbesevenhours.C.To provedream problemsand sleepproblems areattached.D.To showpeople oftendream whenwaking upinthemorning.
34.What conclusioncanbeinferredfromparagraph5A.Dreaming promotescreativity.B.Dreaming helpsfight depression.C.The brainstill receivesnew informationduring REMsleep.D.The brainis payingthe pricefor havingmore non-REMsleep.
35.Whats themain ideaofthe passageA.The importanceof sleeplies indreams.B.The absenceof dreamsis terribleforus.C.Dreaming patternsare moreimportant thanwe realize.D.Dreaming has mystical powerof strengtheningmemories.Group4（届浙江省杭州二中新高三上学期适应性测试）2023Official TicketingServiceWelcome to the officialLouvre onlinesales siteThe Musee du Louvre isreopening andweareglad tobe ableto welcomeyoubackagain.In linewith themeasurestaken topreventthespread ofCOVID-19,visitors willbe requiredto weara mask.According togovernmentrecommendations,all visitorstothe Louvre aged12years andtwo monthsor oldermust showa HealthPass.All visitors,including thoseentitled to free admission,must booka time period.Please acceptour apologiesfor theinconvenience.Individual ticketsfor theMuseumAdmission andreservation ofa timeperiod toaccess thepermanent collections.Tickets validfor theselected dateonly.Full listof visitorsentitled tofree admissionatLouvre.fr.General admission:€18一TheMuseeduLouvreis open every day-except Tuesdays,January1,May1and December25from9:00amto6:00pm.Visitors willbe asked toleavethe exhibitionrooms30minutes beforeclosure.力（记名的）；All ticketspurchased onlineare time-stamped andyou maytherefore beaskedtoprovide proof ofidentity.They areonly validfortheservice,date andtime selected.They cannot be usedto skipthe queuebut doguaranteeaccess tothe museumwithin halfan hourofthetime shownontheticket.Any holderof an online ticketwho does notarrive within the assignedtimeperiodfor admissiontothemuseum shallbe subjecttothesame admissionand waitingconditionsas visitorswithout tickets.（）Visitors entitledtofreeadmission otherthan Louvremembers一Under18s,proof ofID required（——16-25year-old residentsoftheEuropean EconomicArea EuropeanUnion,Norway,Iceland,and）Liechtenstein,proofofID andresidency requiredProfessionals一Teachers workingin France,valid PassEducation“required一一Teachers ofart,art historyortheapplied arts,valid proofof employmentstating subjecttaught requiredArtistswith theMaison desArtistes orInternational Associationof Art,valid proofrequiredOther（）一——Jobseekers,valid proof and IDrequired datedwithin thelast yearor indicatinga periodof validityDisabledvisitors andthe personaccompanying them
21.This passagemainly aimsat.A.introducing theexhibits atthe LouvreB.providing ticketinginformation ofthe LouvreC.listing restrictionson admissiontothe LouvreD.clarifying thehistory oftheLouvre
22.If afamily inNorway,including thewife,anartteacher,the husband,an ITengineer,anda1O-year-old son,want tovisittheLouvrethis weekend,they shouldpay atleast inall.A.€18B.€36C.€45D.€
5423.What canbe learnedabout theLouvre fromthepassageA.It isopenevery day excepton Tuesdays.B.Its onlinetickets guaranteeaccess toitatanytime.C.Proof ofID isrequired foranyone buyingits ticketsonline.D.Ticket holdersmay berefused toenter itif arrivingan hourlate.B（届广东省六校高三上学期第二次联考）（极简20231enjoy throwingstuff away.Id lovetogofull minimalism主义）,but mywife andtwo teenagekids do not sharemy dreamofahouse withalmost nothing in it.I havetried.Whenthe kidswere little,I taughtthem mytwo favoritegames—Do WeNeed It”and“Put Itin ItsPlace”——and madethemplay everyfew months.Their enthusiasmnever matchedmine.If Tmgoingtobe honest,my owntidying skillsare notas greatas Idlike.My“discarded pileis neverquite thetrashmountain Iwant becauseI makeup excusesfor whythings areuseful.I considerthis unhealthy.Iwanttobebetterat movingon.So,this timeI foundhelp-the classicsforpeoplelike me:The Life-Changing Magicof TidyingUp,by MarieKondo.Kondos commitmentto hercraft isastonishing.Her philosophyis onlytokeepthings youlove.Can Igo fullKondoI willtry.One centralideaisto cleanby category.You startby collectingall clothesand gatheringthemtogether forconsideration.It makesyou rethinkhow youorganize.Next,hold eachitem andask ifit bringsyou joy.This wayyoure choosingwhat tokeep.And thatshow Ifind myselfwith allmy clotheson mybedroom floor.My wifewalksby andgives mea lookthat saysIm nuts.Shes probablynot wrong.Somewhere nearthe bottomof thischaos ismy specialjacket.I movethroughthepile:pants,shirts,suits andshoes.Then mylast category:jackets.I haventworn thethinginabout30years.Somehow,ithassurvived.Nowthat Imstriving tofollow Kondo—surely,its timehas comeIhold itin myhand.There isa tearjust belowthe collarthat widensasIhold it.Ifs literallyfalling apart.Will Ieverwear itagain Nota chance.Does itfeel goodto wearDoes itbring mejoy Actually,yes.At thismoment,mydaughter walksin.She asksabout the jacket.I tellher the story.She thinksI shouldkeep it,Its cooland uniqueand full（怀念）of memories.She isarguing thatnostalgia isthe veryreason.Im notentirely convincedby mydaughters arguments.I believein lookingahead,not backward.Nevertheless,sometimes itshardto let go.So Igently placethejacketonthe“keep”pile.
24.What doesthe underlinedword“discarded probablymean inParagraph2A.adjusted B.reserved C.abandoned D.tidiedA.To learnhowtocategorize.B.To improvehis tidyingskills.C.To persuadehis familymembers.D.To developpassion forminimalism.
25.What drivesthe authortoreadThe Life-Changing Magicof TidyingUpA.They dontunderstand it.B.They completelysupport it.C.They arestrongly opposedtoit.D.They areless passionateabout it.
27.What9sthebesttitleforthetext
26.What isthe attitudeofthe authors familymembers towardminimalismA.Knowing whentoletgo B.Classifying whatyou loveC.Throwing worn-out clothesD.Keeping valuablepossessionsC（湖南省长沙市长郡中学学高三上学期月考二）2022-2023Hundreds ofnative NorthAmerican plants,oftendismissed as weeds,deserve alot morerespect,according toa newstudy.These plants,distant cousinsof foodslike（葛苣），sunflowers andlettuce actuallyrepresent abotanical treasurenow facingincreased threatsfrom climatechangeand habitatloss.The cropsthatthehuman racenow dependson,including grainslike wheatand treefruit likepeaches,（培育）originally wereselected orbred from plantsthatgrew wildhundreds orthousands ofyears ago.In theU.S.,thereare wildancestors ofblueberries,sweet potatoes,onions,potatoes,and manyother foodcrops.Some ofthem arequitecommon Jsays ColinKhoury,a researchscientist atthe InternationalCenter fbrTropical Agriculture.Wild lettuceplantsgrow along sidewalks,orinbackyards,but gounrecognized.Other croprelatives arerare andthreatened.One ofKhourys favoritesistheparadoxical sunflower.^^It growsjustin wetlandsofthedeserts ofNewMexico andTexas.Little saltyareas where theres a little bitofwaterbeneath thesoilJ he says.So plantgrowers crossbredit withcommercial sunflowersand creatednew varietiesthatcangrow inplaceswherethesoil containsmore salt.Other wildrelatives maybe hidingsimilarly remarkablegifts,Khoury says,such asgenes thatcould helptheir domesticatedrelatives survivediseases,or dealwith pests.Khoury andsome ofhis colleaguesjust finisheda surveyof about600wild croprelatives thatgrow inNorthAmerica,and theyfoundthatmost ofthese plantsare threatenedby thingslike fires,farming anddevelopment.Thescientists arguethat theydeserve moreprotection.For onething,“gene banks“should collectand preservethem.Inaddition,these plantsneed moreprotection intheir naturalhabitat.According toKhoury,that doesntnecessarily meansetting asideland forthem.In manycases,the plantsalready（）are growingon publicland thafsmanaged bytheU.S.Forest ServiceUSFS orthe Bureauof LandManagementBLM.Its moreabout justbeing awarethat theseplants actuallyexist,“hesays.
28.What didthe newstudymainly focusonA.Endangered plantspecies.B.Wild relativesof foodcrops.C.The impactsof climatechange.D.The threatsfromplanthabitatloss.
29.What dowe knowabouttheparadoxical sunflowerA.It needsmuch waterto growwell.B.It growsalongsidewalksorinbackyards.C.It seemscapable ofsurviving variousdiseases.D.It helpscommercial sunflowersadapt tosalty soil.A.Relieved.B.Concerned.C.Annoyed.D.Critical.
30.How mightthe scientistsfeel abouttheir surveyresults
31.What mightKhoury suggestthe BLMdoA.Join handswiththeUSFS.B.Set asideland forwild plants.C.Collect genesof threatenedcrop species.D.Learn aboutplants onits managedland.山东省青岛西海岸、平度、胶州、城阳四区联考学年高三上学期期中2022-2023In themonths thatfollowed,the Ruprechtsdecided to rebuild aless-leaky homeequipped againstfuture wildfiresand poorair quality.The familysresearchled themto passivebuilding.Combined withcarefully placedwindows,such buildingscan reducea homesenergyneeds by90percent comparedto typicalhomes.But theRuprechts soondiscovered theirambitions faceda majorobstacle:cost.High constructionprices andlowinsurance payoutshave discouragedMarshall fire victims tryingto rebuild their homes.The fewlocal companiesofferingto buildpassive homeswouldnt work withinthecouples budget.That allchanged witha linkposted inan onlinecommunity group.It directedPeter Ruprechttoaweb pagefor theRESTOREPassive House,a three-bedroom,three-bathroom homedesigned forthe Marshall fire bumarea.Thedesigners promiseda$550,000price tagafter governmentincentives,which thecouple couldafford.The coupleis nowthe firstto signup tobuildthehome.It feelslike a no-brainer,Ruprecht said.“Were gettingbetterat everythingin termsof constructionquality,fire resistance,comfort anddoing agood jobfortheplanet.^^Debates overconstruction costsand climate-minded buildingstandards havesupercharged localpolitics intheaftermath ofthe Marshallfire.Earlier thisyear,Louisville andSuperior-the twocommunities hithardest bythe disaster—faced intensepressure fromfirevictimsworried compulsorygreen building codes wouldfurther boostconstructionprices.Both localgovernments endedup allowingthose familiestorebuildto earlier,less-strict standards.The RESTOREPassive Houseattempts toprove greenhomes canfit withinmiddle-class budgets.The taskcouldprove criticalas governmentspush toreducetheclimate impactof buildings,which accountfor13percent ofU.S.greenhouse gasemissions and20percent ofColorado emissions-largely dueto naturalgas appliancesand anelectricitygrid dominatedby fossilfuels.Passive homescould alsohelp protectfamilies fromclimate threatslike poorair qualityandfuture fires.（注册）learning programmeavailable tostudents enrolled in mostcore unitsof studyin ourbusiness school.PASS involvesweekly sessionswhere youwork ingroups totackle speciallyprepared problemsets,based aroundaunit ofstudy youreenrolledin.PASS doesntre-teach ordeliver newcontent.Its anopportunity todeepen yourunderstanding ofthekeypointsfrom lecturematerials whileyou areapplying yourskills tosolve problems.You workinteractively withyour peers.As apeer group,you decidewhat iscovered ineach session.That way,PASS directlyresponds toyour needsand feedback.Registration inTerm2will openat9am,21September
2022.Waiting listsIfa session is full,you canregister forthe waiting list.We willemail youif aplace becomesavailable orif anewsession istobeheld.When youare placedonawaiting list,we willemail youanumberwhich tellsyou whereyouareonthe list.If youareclose tothe frontofthelist,you haveagoodchanceofgaining aplace inthe programme inthenear future.DeregisteringIf youmiss twoPASS sessionsinarow,you willbe deregisteredand yourplace willbe givento someoneon thewaitinglist.Make sureyou fillinthe attendance sheetat eachsession torecord yourattendance.Youll beinformed byemail ifyouarebeing deregisteredasaresult ofmissing sessions.If youbelieve youhavereceived theemail inerror,email thePASS officeat passoffice@umbs.edu..A.attend newlectures B.decide theirown schedulesC.prepare problemsets ingroups D.use theirskills tosolve problems
22.What canstudents doif asessionisfullA.Fill intheattendancesheet.B.Sign upforthewaitinglist.C.Report theirneedsandfeedback.D.Email theoffice theirnumbers onthelist.
23.Students willbe deregisteredif,A.they sendemails inerror B.theyfailto workinteractivelyC.they givetheir placesto othersD.they miss two sessionsinarow
21.In PASS,students.【满分技巧2】“定’章取义法用“定章’取义法解间接信息题所谓“定章’取义”是指在解题时，抓住题干中的关键词先定位到原文相关处或段落处，锁定关键信息，这就是“定章”然后准确理解每个选项的意思后“取义”（寻找与原文信息相关的同义词、近义词或反义词），比对选项与原文信息，搞定正确选项【经典考例】（•全国乙卷篇节选）2021D Duringan interviewfbr oneof mybooks,my interviewersaid somethingI stillthink（干打亡）about often.Annoyed bythe level of distractioninhisopen office,he said,“Thats whyI havea membershipatthe coworkingspace acrossthe street-so Ican fbcus,
9.His commentstruck meas strange.After
32.Whats themajor featureof passivebuildingsA.Economic.B.Climate-friendly.C.Delicate.D.Costly.
33.What contributedtotheRuprechts9rebuilding theirnew homeA.Posting theirneeds onlineto raisemoney.B.Receiving assistancefrom insurancecompany.C.Connecting withanonlinedesign andbuild team.D.Negotiating withthe localcompanies.
34.What doesthe underlinedphrase“ano-brainer^inparagraph4meanA.A riskyattempt.B.A toughtask.C.A stupididea.D.An easydecision.
35.What doestheauthorintend totell usinthetextA.The greenhouse forMarshallfirevictims isnta luxuryhome.B.The RESTOREPassive Houseaimstobuild greenhomes forfree.C.All thegovernments stuckto theirstrict greenbuildingcodes.D.The Ruprechtsrebuilt theirhome despitehigh constructioncosts.（布局）.all,coworking spacesalso typicallyuse anopen officelayout But I recentlycame acrossa studythat showswhyhis approachworks.The researchersexamined variouslevelsofnoise onparticipants asthey completedtests ofcreative thinking.Theywere randomlydivided intofour groupsand exposedto variousnoise levelsinthebackground,from total silence to50（分贝），decibels70decibels,and85decibels.The differencesbetween mostofthegroups werestatistically insignificant;however,the participantsinthe70decibels group-those exposedtoalevelofnoise similarto backgroundchatter inacoffee shop——significantly outperformedtheothergroups.Since theeffects weresmall,this maysuggest thatourcreative thinkingdoesnotdiffer thatmuch inresponse tototalsilenceand85decibels ofbackground noise...
32.Why doesthe interviewerprefer acoworking spaceA.It helpshim concentrate.B.It blocksout backgroundnoise.C.It hasa pleasantatmosphere.D.It encouragesface-to-face interactions.
二、推理判断题推理判断题阅读理解中对考生推理判断能力的考查要求考生在理解原文字面意又的基础上，通过对文中细节中隐含的信息和语篇逻辑关系的分析作出一定的判断和推理，从而理解作者所要传达的信息、得出文草的深层意义及隐含意义它主要考查考生理清上下文逻辑关系系的能力和识别能力推理判断题是历届高考英语的命题重点，包括判断和推理两个方面属于深层理解题，一般难度较高，得分率较低；推理判断题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定的推理判断，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义热点解读）
（一）所考查的主要内容特定细节推断、态度观点推断、写作意图推断、文章出处推断等此外，高考偶尔还会考查对篇章结构或框架构成乃至文章的续写的推理判断
（二）正选项的主要特征.一般其内容的含义比较丰富，更加具有综合性和概括性，尤其当四个选项都符合常识或者题目意思时，意1义最丰富的选项往往是正确答案.表述一般比较相对，不会用表示绝对意义的词汇，如等，而会用一些相对留有2only,never,all,absolutely余土也的词汇，如等often,usually,sometimes,might,can,could,possibly,probably.有时正确答案反而是与我们通过常识判断得出的结论是相反的因此，如果四个选项中有三个看上去与3常识的判断相符，而余下的那一个却是反常识的，那么那个选项往往是正确答案
（三）干扰项的主要特征参看细节理解题“干扰项的主要特征”的有关内容满分技巧【满分技巧1】“顺藤摸瓜”斛特定细节推断题“顺藤摸瓜”解特定细节推断题，指的是顺着“题干中的关键词”这根“藤”定位到原文相关处，将题干中的一窜“瓜（四个备选项）”与原文相关处仔细分析比对，最终摘到那个隐藏的真正的“瓜（即正确答案）”（一般来说特定细节推断题都是话里有话，需要考生把其中隐含的信息推理出来）【经典考例】（•全国卷篇节选）（选择），2019II BYou canuse measalast resortand ifnobody elsevolunteers,then Iwill（长曲棍球）do it.This wasan actualreply froma parentafter Iput outa requestfor volunteersfor mykids lacrosseclub.I guessthat there9s probablysome demandingwork schedule,or socialanxiety aroundstepping upto helpfor anunknownsport.She mayjust needalittlepersuading.So Itry againand tugattheheartstrings.I mentionthe singleparentwith fourkids runningthe showand Italkaboutthe dadcoaching ateam thathis kidsarent evenon...At thispointthe unwillingparent speaksup,Alright.Yes,Ill doit.”
24.What canwe inferabouttheparent fromher replyinparagraph1A.She knowslittle aboutthe club.B.She isntgoodatsports.C.She justdoesnt wantto volunteer.D.Shes unableto meether schedule.【满分技巧2】“看‘我/吃饭”斛杰度观点推新题“看裁‘吃饭”解态度观点推断题，指的是根据原文的体裁不同特点来推断作者的观点态度记叙文的特点是文章作者不是直接提出观点，但常常有某种倾向性，因而考生在读原文时要非常仔细的捕捉表达或暗示情感态度的单词和短语说明文的特点是作者往往采取中立的态度；议论文的特点是文章的论点往往会直接或间接表明作者的态度立场另外，考生要对表达观点态度的常见词汇了如指掌表示积极或支持态度的appreciate,approve,approving,be for,confident,enthusiastic,favourable,hopeful,humorous,impressive,optimistic,pleasant,positive,praise,support,supportive,等等；in favourof表示消极或反对的态度critical,disappointed,disapproving,disgusted,doubtful,indifferent,intolerant,negative,等等；表示中立态度的（模棱两可opposed,pessimistic,subjective,unconcerned,uninterested ambiguous的）,（谨慎的）,（事实上的）,（不偏不倚的），（客观的）,（中立的）cautious factualimpartial objectiveneutral等等【经典考例】（•全国新高考卷篇节选）2021I DAlthough popularbeliefs regardingemotional intelligencerun farahead ofwhatresearch canreasonably support,the overalleffectsofthe publicityhavebeenmore beneficialthan harmful.The（重视）most positiveaspectofthis popularizationisanew andmuch neededemphasis onemotion byemployers,educators andothers interestedin promotingsocial well-being.The popularizationof emotionalintelligence hashelpedboth thepublic andresearchersre-evaluate thefunctionality ofemotions andhowtheyserve peopleadaptively ineverydaylife.
34.What istheauthorsattitude tothe popularizationof emotionalintelligenceA.Favorable.B.Intolerant.C Doubtful.D.Unclear.【满分技巧3】“量体裁衣/量，法而行”解写作意图推断题“量体裁衣/量法而行”解写作意图推断题，指的是根据原文写作文体和写作手法，透过字里行间（要关注逻辑关系和细节暗示），推断出作者的写作意图从写作文体上看应用文有明显支持倾向的语言，以此说明写作意图是告知、推销还是吸引参观者、读者等；记叙文段首、段尾的高度概括句，或者哲理性的语言都会体现写作意图；说明文把握文章主旨，找准主旨句进而推断出写作意图；议论文提出论点，进行论证，然后得出结论而写作意图往往就在最后的结论中从写作手法上看开头提出问题引出主题或写作目的；介绍与主题有关的事情或事物表达作者的观点与写作意图【经典考例】（2020・新高考I卷C篇节选）In themid-1990s,Tom Bisselltaught EnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan.He leftaftersevenmonths,physically brokenand havinglost hismind.A fewyears later,still attractedtothecountry,hereturned toUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.His visit,however,endedupinvolving alot morethan that.Hence thisbook,Chasing theSea:Lost AmongtheGhosts ofEmpire inCentralAsia,which talksabout aroad tripfrom Tashkentto Karakalpakstan,where millionsof liveshavebeen destroyedbytheslow dryingup ofthesea.It isthestoryofanAmerican travellingtoastrange land,andofthepeople hemeets onhis way:Rustam,his translator,a lovely24-year-old whopicked uphis colorfulEnglishinCalifornia,Oleg andNatasha,his hostsin Tashkent,andastring offoreign aidworkers.
31.What isthe purposeofthistextA.To introducea book.B.To explaina culturalphenomenon.C.To remembera writer.D.To recommenda traveldestination.【满分技巧4】“对号入座”将文章出处判断题文章出处判断题只要考生具备一定的文体常识，然后“对号入座”，就可以搞定答案比如，对于newspaper/news report,advertisement,website,travel guide/brochure,magazine/journal/entertainment section,science等等上面应该干载/登载什report/study report/research,biography/autobiography,book/film review,course planII么类别的文章，考生都应该有所了解【经典考例】（浙江・2020年1月卷A篇节选）1never knewanyone whodgrown upin Jacksonwithout beingafraid ofMrs.Calloway,our librarian.She ranJacksons CarnegieLibrary absolutelyby herself.SILENCE inbig blackletters wasonsigns hungeverywhere.If shethought youwere dressedimproperly,she sentyou straightback hometo changeyourclothes.Iwaswilling;I woulddo anythingto readMy mother sharedthis feelingof mine.Now,Ithinkof heras readingso muchofthetime whiledoing somethingelse.I rememberher readinga magazinewhile takingthe partoftheWolf ina gameof LittleRed RidingHood“withmy brother9stwodaughters.Shed justlook upattheright time,long enoughto answer-in character—“The betterto eatyouwith,my dear,“andgobacktoherplaceinthemagazine article.Mymotherwasnotafraid ofMrs.Calloway.She wishedmetohave myown librarycard tocheck outbooks formyself.She tookmeinto introduceme.Eudora isnine yearsoldandhasmypermission toread anybook shewantsfrom theshelves,children oradults JMother said.
23.Where isthetextprobably fromA.A guidebook.B.An autobiography.C.A newsreport.D.A bookreview.【满分技巧5】“整体把握”解文章篇章结构判断题文章结构题的考查对象无非是整个篇章或其中的某个段落，在解答此类题目之前，有必要对全篇或被考查的段落进行通读以了解其大意然后
①了解篇章结构的组织形式从段落组织方式上讲，常见的篇章结构有三种总分式结构（总一分；总一分一总；分一总）、并列式结构（段落之间是平行关系，并且相对独立）、对照式结构（结构形式上是一正一反）、递进式结构（几个段落之间属于递进关系）；
②了解文章的论证方法从论证方法上讲，常见的议论文结构有以下两类Put forwarda question—Analyze即“提出问题、分析问题、解决问题”的过程；the question—Solve thequestion Argument/Idea—即“由论点到论据到结论/强调论点”的过程Evidence—Conclusion/Restating theidea
③了解文章的写作手法从写作手法上讲，在高考阅读理解中主要考查下定义、分类说明、列举例证和对比等写作手法其中，“引用”和“例证”是议论文和说明文中最常用的写作手法之一，是历年高考阅读试题中必不可缺的命题方向“引用”和“例证”的共同目的就是增强说服力，以更好地达到说理、说明的目的“引用”和“例证”的共同功能就是服务于段落或篇章的主题【经典考例】（南京外国语学校学年高三上学期期中）2022-2023Our character,basically,isacomposite ofour habits.“Sowa thought,reap anaction;sow anaction,reap ahabit;sow ahabit,reap acharacter;sow acharacter,reap adestiny,themaxim goes.Habits arepowerful factorsin our lives.Because theyare consistent,often unconsciouspatterns,they constantly,daily,express ourcharacter andproduce oureffectiveness...or ineffectiveness.As HoraceMann,thegreateducator,once said,“Habits arelike acable.We weavea strandof iteverydayand soonitcannotbe broken.I personallydonotagree withthelastpartofhis expression.I knowthey canbebroken.Habits canbelearned andunlearned.ButIalso knowit isnta quickfix.It involvesa processandatremendous commitment.Those ofus whowatched thelunar voyageof Apollo11were transfixedaswesaw the first menwalk onthe moonandreturntoearth.Superlatives such as“fantastic andincredible”were inadequateto describethose eventfuldays.But toget there,those astronautsliterally hadto breakout ofthe tremendousgravity pull oftheearth.More energywasspent inthefirst few minutesof lift-off,inthefirstfewmiles oftravel,than wasused overthe nextseveral daysto travelhalfa millionmiles.Habits,too,have tremendousgravity pull-morethanmost peoplerealize orwould admit.Breaking deeplyimbeddedhabitual tendenciessuchasprocrastination,impatience,criticalness,or selfishnessthat violatebasicprinciples ofhuman effectiveness involves morethan alittle willpowerandafew minorchangesinour lives.“Lift-offtakes atremendous effort,but oncewe breakoutofthe gravitypull,our freedomtakes ona wholenew dimension.Likeanynatural force,the gravitypull canworkwithus oragainst us.The gravitypull ofsome ofour habitsmaycurrently bekeeping usfrom goingwhere wewanttogo.But it is alsothe gravitypull thatkeeps ourworld together,thatkeeps theplanets intheir orbitsand ouruniverse inorder.It isa powerfulforce,andifwe useit effectively,we canusethe gravitypullofhabit tocreate thecohesiveness andorder necessaryto establisheffectivenessinourlives.D.3O.What isthe structureofthetext热点解读主旨大意题是阅读理解中考生容易失分的题目，因为该类试题不仅考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力，也对考生的归纳、概括能力提出了较高的要求此类题型一般在文章中没有明显的解题依据，需要考生从文章中提炼、抽取一些关键词、主干句进行加工概括，才能归纳出文章的主旨所以，遇到主旨大意题时切勿草率作答，一定要读完读通文章后再做判定，建议考生把此类题放到最后来做
（一）所考查的主要内容段落大意题、文章主旨题、和标题归纳题
（二）正选项的主要特征选项内容概括性强，最大程度覆盖全段或全文；L.正确选项标题简洁醒目、针对性强、高度概括2
（三）干扰项的主要特征参看细节理解题“干扰项的主要特征”的有关内容满分技巧］【满分技巧1厘清框架归纳段意段落框架大体可以分成以下三种:.“总——分”式框架段落首句为主题句段落的其他各句都是为主题句服务的举例、论证等;
1.“分——总”式框架段落尾句为主题句，段落的其他各句都是为主题句服务的举例、论证等;
2.“分——总——分”式框架主题句在段中段落开头列举具体事例或现象，通过分析这些事例或现3象得出结论（即主题句），后面的内容只是继续或拓展结论另外还有“无主题句式”段落主题隐含在全段中，没有明确的主题句尽管如此，但可以通过某些关键词句的解读归纳出段落大意【经典考例】•浙江卷篇节选）42021C“With ourstudy,we thinkwe cannow confidentlyconclude thatatleastsome dogscandistinguish humanfacial expressions/9Muller toldLive Science.At thispoint,itisnot clearwhy dogsseem tobe equippedwiththeabilitytorecognize differentfacial expressionsinhumans.To us,the mostlikely explanationappears tobe thatthebasisliesintheir livingwith humans,which givesthemalotof exposureto humanfacial expressions,and thisexposure hasprovided themwith manychances tolearn todistinguishbetweenthemJ Mullersaid.3O.What isthelastparagraph mainlyaboutA.A suggestionfor futurestudies.B.A possiblereason forthestudyfindings.C.A majorlimitation ofthestudyD.An explanationoftheresearch method.【满分技巧2】有的放矢寻找主题.关注首段开门见山提出了主题或在首段末句给出主题；
1.关注中段开头段列举具体事例或现象，中间段通过分析这些事例或现象得出结论（即主题句），文末2段只是继续或拓展结论；,关注末段文末概括主题；
3.关注首尾首段揭示主题，末段再次点题4另外还有“无主题句”文章中心主题隐含在全文中，没有明确的主题句尽管如此，但可以通过删除某些细节、事实、例子后凝练出核心部分，也就是全文主旨大意.关注“标志”5标志一“转折词”转折词后的句子可能就是主题句；标志二“总结词”总结词后的句子一般就是主题句；标志三“疑问词”对疑问句后所回答的内容可能就是主题句；标志四“复现词”反复出现的高频词往往是文章的主题词，抓住高频词也就抓住了主题【经典考例】（•全国高考甲卷篇）2022C AsGinni Bazlintonreached Antarctica,she foundherself greetedby agroup oflittle（企鹅）Gentoo penguinslonging tosay hello.These gentle,lovely gatekeeperswelcomed herand kick-started whatwasto bea tripGinni wouldnever forget.（职业）Ever sinceher childhood,Ginni,now71,has hada deeplove fortravel.Throughout hercareer asa。
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