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月大学英语四级试题（第一套）12Part IWriting30minutes请于正式开考后半小时内完毕该部分，之后将进行听力考试Directions For this part,you are allowed30minutes towrite anessay.Suppose you are twooptions upongraduation oneis to find a job somewhereand theother to start a business of yourown.You areto makea choicebetween thetwo.Write anessay toexplain thereasons foryourchoice.You shouldwrite atleast120words butno more than180words.Part IIListening Comprehension25minutesSection ADirections In this section/you willhear threenews reports.At theend ofeach news report,youwill hear two orthree questions.Both the news reportand the questions will be spoken only once.After youhear a question,you mustchoose the best answerfrom thefour choicesmarked A,B,C.Then markthe corresponding letter on the Answer sheetl with a single line through the centre.Questions land2are basedon thenews reportyou have just theheard.
1.A It was dangerous to live in.C Hecould nolonger paythe rent.8Itwasgoing to be renovated.D Hehad soldit to the royalfamily.
2.A Astrike.B Astorm.C Aforest fire.D ATerrorist attack.Questions3and4are basedon thenews reportyou have just heard.
3.A Theylost contact with the emergency department.B They were trapped in an underground elevator.C Theywere injuredby suddenlyfalling rocks.D Theysent callsfor helpvia aportable radio.
4.A Theytried hardto repairthe accident.8They releasedthe detailsof theaccident.with asingle linethrough thecentre.Passage OneQuestions46to50are basedon thefollowing passage.Recently Iattended severalmeetings wherewe talkedabout waysto retainstudents andkeepyounger facultymembers fromgoing elsewhere.It seemshigher educationhas becomean industryof meeting-holders whosetask it is to“solve1problems-real or imagined.And inmy position as aprofessor atthree differentcolleges,the actualproblems ineducating ouryoung peopleand olderstudents havedeepened,while thenumber of peoplehired-not toteach butto holdmeetings-has increasedsignificantly.Every newproblemcreates a new jobfor anadministrative fixer.Take ourCenter forTeaching Excellence.（信息交流中心）Contrary to its title,the centeris aclearing housefor usingtechnology in（欺诈）classrooms and in onlinecourses.Its anadministrative shamof thekind thathas multipliedoverthe last30years.I offera simpleproposition inresponse:Many of our problems-class attendance,educationalsuccess,student happinessand well-being-might beimproved bycutting downthe（官僚口勺）bureaucratic mechanismsand meetings and insteadhiring anarmy ofgood teachers.If wereplaced half ofouradministrative staffwith classroom teachers,we mightactually getamajority ofour classesback to20or fewerstudents perteacher Thiswould be an environmentinwhich teachersand studentsactually kneweach other.The teachersmust befree toteach in their ownway-the curriculumshould beflexible enoughso that they can usetheir individualtalents to achieve thegoals of the course.Additionally;theyshould be allowed toteach,and berewarded fordoing itwell.Teachers arenot people who aregreatat andconsumed byresearch andhappen toappear in a classroom.Good teachingand researcharenot exclusive,but they are alsonot automaticcompanions.Teaching is an artand acraft,talent and practice;it is not somethingthat justanyone canbe goodat.It isutterly confusingto me that peopledo notrecognize this,despite thefact thatpretty muchanyonewho has been a student cantell thedifference betweentheir bestand worstteachers.
46.What doesthe authorsay aboutpresent-day universitiesATheyare effectivelytackling realorimaginedproblems.BThey oftenfail tocombine teachingwith research.CThey are over-burdened with administrative staff.DThey lacktalent tofix theirdeepening problems.
47.According to the author,what kind of peopledo universities lack mostAGoodclassroom teachers.C Talentedresearchers.BEfficient administrators.D Motivatedstudents.
48.What doesthe authorimply about the classesat presentATheyfacilitate studentsindependent learning.BThey helpstudents formcloser relationships.CThey have more olderstudents thanbefore.DThey are much bigger than is desirable.
49.What doesthe authorthink of teaching abilityAItrequires talentand practice.BIt isclosely relatedto research.CIt is a chieffactor affectingstudents learning.DIt canbe acquiredthrough persistentpractice.
50.What is the authorssuggestion forimproving university teachingACreating anenvironment forteachers to share theirteaching experiences.BHiring moreclassroom teachersand allowingthem toteach in their ownway.CUsing hightechnology inclassrooms andpromoting exchangeof information.DCutting downmeetingsandencouraging administrative staff to go toclassrooms.Passage TwoQuestions51to55are basedon thefollowing passage.The secretto eatingless andbeing happyabout it may have been crackedyears ago-byMcDonalds.According toanewstudy fromCornell UniversitysFood andBrand Lab,smallnon-food rewards-like thetoys inMcDonalds HappyMeals-stimulate the same rewardcenters inthebrain asfood does.The researchers,led by Martin Reimann,carried outa seriesof experimentsto seeif peoplewould choose a smaller mealif it was pairedwith a non-food items.They foundthat themajority ofboth kids and adultsopted for a half-sized portionwhencombined with a prize.Both optionswere pricedthe same.Even moreinteresting is that thepromise of a futurereward wasenough to make adultschoose彩票,the smaller portionAOne of the prizesused was a lotteryticket with a$10,$50or$100payout,and thiswas aseffective asa tangiblegift inpersuading people to eat less.“The factthat participantswere willingto substitutepart of a food item for the mereprospectof arelatively smallmonetary awardis interesting.^says Reimann.He theorizesthat it istheemotional component of theseintangible prizesthat makethemeffective.In fact,vaguely-stated possibilitiesof winninga prizewere moreeffective thanoptionswith hardodds included.“One explanationfor thisfinding isthat possibleawards may be moreemotionally provokingthancertainty awards/says Reimann.H Theuncertainty ofwinning providesadded attraction anddesirability throughemotional thrills/The possibilityof receivingan awardalso producesa stateof一hope astate that is initself psychologicallyrewarding•In otherwords,theres a reason whypeoplelike togambleHow mightits knowledgebe usedto helppeople eatmore healthily温泉疗养One possibilityis ahealthy thatoffers thechance towin aspa weekend.Or maybethereward of a half-sized portioncould bea half-sized dessertto beclaimed onlyon a future date.That wouldget youback in the restaurant-and makeyou eat a littleless.
51.What dowe learnabout McDonaldsinclusion oftoys inits HappyMealsAIt mayshed lighton peoplesdesire tocrack asecret.BIt hasproved to be keyto McDonaldsbusiness success.CIt appealsto kidscuriosity to find outwhat ishidden inside.DIt may bea pleasant way for kids to reduce their food intake.
52.What isthe findingof theresearchers ledbyMartin ReimannAReducing foodintake isnot thatdifficult ifpeople goto McDonaldsmore.BMost kidsand adultsdont actuallyfeel hungrywhen theyeat halfof their meal.CEating a smaller doesgood to the healthof kidsand adultsalike.DMost kidsand adults wouldchoose asmaller meal that came with anon-food item.
53.What ismost interestingin MartinReimanns findingAKidspreferred anaward in the form of moneyto onein theformofa toy.BAdults chose the smallerportion on the mere promise ofa future awardCBoth kidsand adultsfelt satisfiedwith onlyhalfof theirmealportions.DNeither childrennor adultscould resistthe temptationofafree toy.
54.How doesMartinReimanninterpret his findingAThe emotional componentof the prizes is at work.BPeople nowcare moreabout qualitythan quantity.CPeople prefercertainty awardsto possibleawards.D Thedesire for afuturereward isoverwhelming.
55.What canwe inferfrom MartinReimann5sfindingA-People shouldeat muchless ifthey-wish tostay healthyand happy.BMore fastfood restaurantsare likelyto followMcDonalds example.CWe can lead peopleto eatless while helping the restaurant business.DMore studiesare neededto findouttheimpact ofemotion onbehavior.Part IVTranslation30minutes DirectionsFor thispart,you are allowed30minutes totranslate a passage fromChinese intoEnglish.You shouldwrite youranswer on Answer Sheet
2.在中国文化中，红色一般象征着好运、长寿和幸福.在春节和其他喜庆场所，红色到处可见.人们把现金作为礼品送给家人或亲密朋友时，一般放在红色信封里.红色在中国流行的另一种原因是人们把它与中国革命和共产党相联络.然而，红色并不总是代表好运和快乐.由于从死前者名字一般用红色书写，用红墨水书写中国人名被当作是一种冒犯行为.月大学英语四级答案第一套12PartI writing30minutes破题思绪第一段话题描述.第二段表明观点+论述原因.第三段观点结论.选择就业还是创业参照范文Finding aJob FirstUpongraduation,virtually allcollege studentswill confrontthe problemof thecareer choice,which istruly atough choice.Students opinionsdiffer greatlyon thisissue.Some holdthat priorityshouldbe givento starta businessofyourown,but otherstake theattitude thatfinding ajob isthebest choiceinfluencing theirfuture.As tomyself,I preferthe latterview.An opportunitytostartabusinessexerts atremendousfascination ona greatnumber ofpeople,with noexception tome.In myview,With thecompetitionin the job marketbecoming increasinglyfierce forcollege graduates,some ambitiousstudentshave triedtheir handsat launchingtheir ownbusinesses.Over theyears,there have beenmany successfulcases ofstudent entrepreneurshipand suchattempts shouldbe encouragedandpromoted byboth theuniversities and the societyat large.Whafs more,College studentswho startbusinessesare pioneers,among whomwill bebom Chinasfuture businessleaders.Faced withunknownchallenges,theyareaudacious enoughto embarkonaperilous journeywhile mostoftheir peersenjoy stablesalaries byworking aswhite-collars athigh-end officebuildings.All inall,the essentialdifference betweenthe studentswho find ajobor thosestudents whocreatetheir ownbusinesses isthat theformer aredocile followerswhereas thelatter areaggressivetrailblazers.Forthisreason,business-launching collegegraduates aremore admirable,and thustheycommand ourdeep respect.PartII ListeningComprehension25minutes【英语四级听力真题解析】听力作为一种考试题型，目的在于考察应试者对英语语言时把握，自从英语四级题型改革后，所选题材侧重新闻稿和演讲稿，例如这次英语四级考试日勺部分，重Section A要是有关采盐工人的有关新闻报导，文章稍难，我们在作答之前，一定要迅速浏览各题目的选项，先把关键关键词划出来，例如重要的名词，名词性短语等，这样可以协助我们预知要听的重点，提高捕捉信息的精确度，减少听力材料的难度.在听录音的过程中,迅速I作标识，锁定对的答案.
1.AIt wasdangerousto livein.
2.BA storm
3.BThey weretrappedin anundergroundelevator.
4.CThey sent supplies to keep the miners warm.
5.DClose some of its post office.
6.CStopping mail delivery on Saturdays.
7.AMany post office staff will lose their jobs.Section B
8.DHe will lose part of his pay.
9.BHe is a trustworthyguy.
10.DShe is better athandling suchmatters.ll.CHe is always trying to stirup trouble.
12.DReserved
13.AThey stay quiet
14.CShe was never invited toa colleagues home.
15.BHouses providemore privacySection C
16.DThey will automatically be given hiring priority.
17.CVisit the school careersservice.
18.BSupervising study spaces to ensure a quiet atmosphere.
19.CIt maybe sold at a higher price.2O.AIt is healthier than green tee.
21.DIt does not have a stable market.
22.BThey preferunique objectsof highquality.
23.BThey could only try to create at night.
24.AMake wise choices.
25.ATo boost the local economy.Section AA16th centurycastle in Scotland isclose tocollapsing afterlumps ofsoils werewashed awaybyfloods,threatening itsfoundations.On Sunday,the castlesowner John Gordon,76,was forcedto move out hisproperty afterthe RiverDeeswept awayabout60feet ofland,leaving thecastle dangerousclose to the river.According totheScottish DailyRecord.Abergeldie castlelocated inAberdeenshire,Scotland wasbuilt bySir AlexanderGordon ofMidmarwho laterbecame theEarl ofHuntly.The castlewhich islocated on11,700acres wasleased tomembers of the royalfamily between1848and1970,including KingEdward VIIand GeorgeV.The ScottishEnvironment ProtectionAgency hasissued more than35flood warningscoveringseveral regions,as Scotlandcontinues toclean upthe afterStorm Frankhit the country lastWednesday.“This meansthat riverswill risemore slowly,but thenstay highfor muchlonger.theenvironmental agencysaid.QI.Why didJohnGordonmoveoutof AbergeldiecastleQ
2.What happenedinScotlandlast WednesdaySectionA-2Rescue effortswere underwayThursday morningfor17miners whowere stuckinanelevatorbelow groundataCargill rocksalt minenear Lansing,New York,according toMarcia Lynch.Public informationofficer withTompkins County9s emergencyresponse department,emergency workershave madecontactwith the minersvia aradio.And theyall appearto beuninjured,said JessicaVerfuss,theemergencydepartments assistantdirector.Crews havemanaged toprovide heatpacks andblankets to the minerssothat theycankeep warmduringthe rescueoperation,Verfuss said.Details aboutwhat ledto the workers9being trappedinthe elevatorwent immediatelyavailable.The mine,along NewYorks CayugaLake,processes saltusedfor roadtreatment.It producesabout2million tons of saltthat isshipped tomorethan1,500places in the northeasternUnited States,the rocksalt mineis one of threeoperated byCargill withtheother twoin Louisianaand Ohio.Q
3.What doesthenewsreport say about thesalt minersQ
4.What didthe rescueteam doSectionA-3The U.S.Postal Serviceannounced todaythat it is consideringclosing about3,700post officesoverthe nextyear becauseof fallingrevenues.Facing an$
8.3billion budgetdeficit this year,closing post officers is one ofseveral proposalsthePostal Servicehas putforth recentlyto cutcosts.Last week,for example,Postmaster GeneralPatDonahoe announcedplans tostop maildelivery onSaturdays,a movehe sayscould save$3billionannually.“We arelosing revenueas wespeak/5Donahoe said.uWe donot wanttaxpayer money.We want tobe self-sufficient.So likeany otherbusiness you have tomake choices.”Dean Granholmthe vicepresident fordelivery andpostofficeoperations saidthe firstwaves ofclosingswould beginthis fall.He estimatedthat about3,000postmasters,500station managersandbetween500and1,000postal clerkscould losetheir jobs.Q
5.What isthe U.S.Postal Serviceplanning to doQ
6.What measurehas beenplanned tosave costsQ
7.What willhappen whenthe proposedmeasure comeinto effectConversation1A:Mrs.Hampton,weve gottrouble inthe pressroom thismorning.B:Oh dear.What aboutA:One of the pressoperators arrivedan hourand ahalf late.B:But thatsa straightforwardaffair.He willsimply losepart ofhis pay.Thafs whywe haveaclock-in system.A:But thepoint isthe manwas clocked-in at8oclock.We haveJohn standingby the time clock,and heswears hesaw nothingirregular.B:Is JohnreliableA:Yes,he is.Thats whywe chosehim for thejob.B:Have youspoken to the manwho was lateA:Not yet.I thoughtId havea wordwith youfirst.Hes adifficult man,and I think theresbeensome troubleon the shop floor.Ive gota feelingthat trade union representativeis behindthis.Themanager toldmethatJack Greensbeen veryactive aroundtheshopthe lastfew days.B:Well,what doyou wantme todoA:I waswondering ifyoud seeSmith,the manwho waslate,because youare somuch betterathandling thingslike this.B:Oh,alright.Ill seehim.I mustsay Iagree withyou about there beingbad feelingsintheworks.Ive hadthe ideafor sometime thatJack Green*sbeenbusy stirringthings upin connectionwiththe latestwage claim.Hes always trying tomake trouble.Well,Ill getthe managerto sendSmithup here.Q
8.What willhappen tothe pressoperator who waslateforthework according to thewomanQ
9.What doesthe mansay aboutJohn whostands bythetimeclockC Theysentsuppliestokeeptheminerswarm.D Theyprovided theminer withfood andwater.Questions to7are basedon thenewsreportyouhave just heard.
5.A Raisepostage rates.C Redesigndelivery routes.B Improveits services.D Closesomeofitspostoffices.
6.A Shorteningbusiness hours.C StoppingmaildeliveryonSaturdays.B Closingoffices onholidays.D Computerizingmail sortingprocesses.
7.A Manypostofficestaffwilllosetheir jobsB Manypeople will begin tocomplainC Taxpayerswill bevery pleasedDA lotof controversywill ariseSectionB Directions In this section,you willheartwolong conversations.At theend ofeachconversation,you willhear four questions.Both theconversation andthe questionswill bespokenonly once.After youhear aquestion,you mustchoose thebest answerfrom fourchoice marked A,B,C andD.Then markthe corresponding letter anAnswersheetlwithasingle linethough thecentre.Questions to11are basedon theconversation youhave justheard.
8.A He will bekept frompromotion.
9.A He is alwayson time.8Hewillgo throughretraining.B He is trustworthyguy.
11.A He is skilledand experienced.C
10.A She isatradeunionrepresentative.B Sheis incharge ofpublic relation.C Hewill begiven awarning.D Hewilllosepartofhispay.C Heis anexperienced pressoperator.D Heisongood termswith hisworkmates.C Sheisasenior managerof theshop.D Sheisbetterat handingsuchmatters.Heisalwaystryingto stirup trouble.Q
10.Why doesthe mansuggest the woman see theworkerwhowaslateQll.What doesthewomansay aboutJack GreenConversation2A:Our topictoday isabout somethingsthat foreignersnearly alwayssay when they visit Britain.It*s Whyare the British socold1And they*re talking abouttheBritish personality-the famousBritish reserveIt meansthat we arent veryfriendly,wearentvery open.B:So doyou thinkits trueA:Its adifficult one.So manypeoplewhovisitBritainsay itsdifficult tomake friends with Britishpeople.They saywere cold,reserved,unfriendly...B:Ithinkits true.Look atAmericans orAustralians.They speakthesamelanguage,but they*remuch moreopen.And yousee itwhen youtravel,people-1mean strangers-speak toyou on thestreet oron thetrain.British peopleseldom speakon thetrain.Or thebus.Not inLondon,anyway.A:*Not inLondon*.That*s it.Capital citiesare fullof touristsand arenever veryfriendly.Peopleare differentin otherparts of thecountry.B:Not completely.I meta womanonce,an Italian.Shes beenworking inManchester fortwoyears,and noone-not oneof hercolleagues-had everinvited herto theirhome.Theywerefriendly toherat work,but nothingelse.She couldntbelieve it.She saidthat wouldnever happenin Italy.A:You knowwhat theysay-an Englishmanshome ishis castle
1.Its reallydifficult to get inside.B:Yeah.Its about being private.You gohome toyour houseand yourgarden andyou closethedoor.Its yourplace.A:Thats whytheBritishdon*t likeflats.They prefertolivein houses.B:Thafs true.Q
12.What doforeigners generallythink ofBritish peopleaccordingtothe womanQ
13.What mayBritish peopletypically doone thetrain accordingtothe manQ
14.What doesthemansay aboutthe Italianwoman workingin ManchesterQ
15.Why doBritish peopleprefer housesto flatsPassageOneIn college,time isscarce,and consequently,very precious.At thesame time,expenses incollegepile upsurprisingly quickly.A part time jobisa good wayto balancecosts whileensuring there isenough timeleft overfor bothacademic subjectsand after-class activities.If youareacollege studentlooking fora parttime job,thebestplace tostart yourjob searchis rightoncampus.There aretons ofon-campus jobopportunities,and asastudent,youll automaticallybegiven hiringpriority.Plus,on-campus jobseliminate commutingtime,and couldbeagreat waytoconnect withacademic andprofessional resourcesat youruniversity.Check withyour schoolscareerservice oremployment officefor helptofinda campusjob.Of course,there areopportunitiesfor part-time workoff-campus,too.If youspend a little timedigging forthe rightparttimejobs,youll saveyourself timewhen youfindajob thatleaves youwith enoughtime toget yourschoolwork done,too.If youareacollege studentlooking fbrwork butworry youwont haveenough timetodevote toacademic subjects,consider workingasastudy hallora library monitor.Responsibilities generallyinclude supervisingstudy spacesto ensurethat aquiet atmosphereismaintained.Its apretty easyjob,but onewith lotsof downtime-which meansyou willhave plentyoftime tocatch upon reading,do homeworkor studyfor anexam.Q16:What doesthe speakersay aboutcollege studentsapplying foron-campus jobsQ17:What canstudents do tofinda campusjob accordingtothe speakerQ18:What doesthe speakersay isalibrarymonitors responsibilityPassageTwoAgricultural workersin green tea fieldsnear Mt.Kenya aregathering thetea leaves.It isbeautifulto see.The rowsof tea bushes arestraight.All appearsto bewell.But thefarmers whoplanted thebushesare worried.Nelson Kibarais oneof them.He has been growingtea inthe Kerugoyaareafor40years.He saysthe pricesthisyearhavebeenso lowthat he has madealmost noprofit.He sayshe mustgrowdifferent kindsof teaif heis tosurvive.Mr.Kibara andhundreds ofother farmershavebeenremoving someof theirteabushesandplanting anew kind ofteadeveloped bythe TeaResearch Foundationof Kenya.Its leavesarepurple andbrown.When thetea isboiled,the drinkhas apurple color.Medical researchershavestudied thehealth benefitsof thenew tea.They sayitishealthier thangreen teaand couldbe soldfora pricethatisthree tofour timeshigher thanthe priceof greentea.But Mr.Kibara sayshehasnot receiveda higherprice forhis purpletea crop.He saysthe marketforthetea isunstable andheisoften forcedto sellhis purpletea forthe samepriceas greentea leaves.He saysthere arenot enoughbuyers willingto paymore forthe purpletea.Q
19.Why havetea farmersin Kenyadecided togrow purpleteaQ
20.What doresearchers say about purpleteaQ
21.What doesMr.Kibara findabout purpleteaPassage ThreeTodaysconsumers wantbeautiful handcraftedobjects towear andto havefor theirhomeenvironment.They prefersomething uniqueand theydemand quality.Craftsmen todayaremeeting thisdemand.People andhomes areshowing greatchange as more and more uniquehandcrafteditems becomeavailable.Handcrafts arebig business.No longdoes agood craftsmanhave to workinajob hedislikes allday andthen tryto create at night.He hasearnedhis professionalstatus.Heisnow arespected memberof society.Parts of the funof beingacraftsman ismeeting othercraftsmen.They lovetosharetheir ideasand materialsand helpothersfind marketsfor theirwork.Craftsmen havehelped educateconsumers tomake wisechoices.Theyhelp thembecome awareof designand technique.They helpthem relatetheir choicetoitsintendeduse.They ofteninvolve consumersin tryingthe craftthemselves.When agroup ofcraftsmenexpends toinclude moremembers,asmallcraft organizationis formed.Such anorganization doesalot intraining workshopsin specialmedia,craft marketingtechniques,craft fairsand sales,festivals,TV appearancesand demonstrations.State artcouncils helpsponsor localarts andcraftsfestivals whichdraw crowdsof touristconsumers.This booststhe localeconomy considerablybecausetourists notonly buycrafts,but theyalso usethe restaurantsand hotelsand otherservicesof thearea.Q
22.What doesthe speakersayabouttodays consumersQ
23.What doesthespeakersayabout agoodcraftsman inthe pastQ
24.What docraftsmen helpconsumers doPARTii ReadingComprehension40minutesQ
25.Why dostate artcouncils helpsponsor localarts andcrafts festivalsSectionA开篇第一句话说的是一种人犯罪时,我们总是但愿他受到应有的惩罚背面
26.K rarelybut表转折阐明虐待动物的人没有受到应有的惩罚同步划线句子完整因此需要一种修饰性成分选项中只有副词可以修饰动词表达很少罕有rarely前后并列因此需要一种动词的过去分词形式构成被动语态折磨虐
27.0tortured and I torture待表达轻判少许的很少欧
28.J minimala minimalsentence minimalI I划线处前面是背面是名词因此中间需要填一种动词
29.D determinethey前后是并列的前方是一种消极意义欧形容词背面也应当是与之
30.G inadequateandII意思相近日勺消极意义的形容词不充足日勺I inadequate引导的非限制性定语从句修饰前面的委员会这个委员会是制定裁决方针
31.B createswhich的在对的股方向上
32.E directioninthe right directionJ I不定式符号背面加动词原形此处的含义是加强法律
33.M strengthento J指口勺是动物呵护所
34.L sheltersanimal shelters副词修饰形容词
35.C criticallySectionBWhen WorkBecomes aGame题干当中提到某些著名日勺企业在使用段提到和这
36.C“gamificationC IBML Oreal两家企业通过关键词定位到段段最终一句提到37J negativeresults JJ negativeeffect通过这个关键词定位到段
38.G moraleG通过关键词定位到段段出现的是
39.D acentury agoD DI morethan100years
40.K K段最终一句There isno reason this willgo awayv和题干说的I是一种意思通过关键词可定位到
41.E applicationE段中给出口勺的定义和题干体现的是同一种含义
42.B B“gamification”I通过关键词和可精确定位到段
43.H employee training technologyH题干中的对应段中
44.F Idaily workassignments Fordinary job tasks题干中提到某些职业不适合用只有段中出现不一样职业的人当权的
15.1“gamification”I人，金融行业和工科行业日勺人Section C由题中定位到文章第段
46.C Theyareover-burdened withadministrativestaff.present-day2第句2由题中可以定位到文章第段第句
47.A Goodclassroom teachersuniversitieslack31由题中和可以定位到文章第
48.D Theyare muchbiggerthanisdesirablethe classesat present段第、句323由题中和可以定位到文章倒数
49.A Itrequires talentandpracticethe authorteaching ability第句话2由题中50BHiring moreclassroomteachersand allowingthem toteach intheir ownway.和可以定位到文章第段第句suggestion improvinguniversityteaching31由题中人名和
51.D Itmaybeapleasantwayforkidstoreducetheirfoodintake McDonald可以定位到文章第段inclusion oftoys1由题中
52.D Mostkidsandadultswouldchoose asmallermealthatcamewithanon-fooditem可以定位到文章第段第句finding..researchers31由题中
53.B Adultschosethesmallerportionon themerepromiseofafutureawardmost和可以定位到文章第段第句interesting finding41由题中可以
54.A TheemotionalcomponentoftheprizesisatworkReimann,interpret,findings定位到文章第段第句61由题中
55.C Wecanleadpeopletoeatlesswhilehelpingtherestaurantbusiness eatless;可以定位到文章最终段最终句restaurant11Since theancient,the coloryellow hasa closerelationship withChinese traditional culture.Part IVTranslation30minutesIn Chineseculture,red alwayssymbolizes goodluck,longevity andhappiness.Its seeneverywhere on the SpringFestival andother joyousoccasions.People putcashinto redenvelopes aspresents forfamily membersand closefriends.Anotherreason forits popularityisthatpeople usuallylink redwith theChinese revolutionandthe CommunistParty.Nevertheless,red doesntsignify goodluck andhappinessall thetime.Because inthe past,the namesofthedead werewritten in red,itsregarded akindofoffensive towrite aChineses nameinredink.8Heisvery closetothemanager.D Heisalwayscomplaining aboutlow wages.Questionl2to15are basedon theconversation youhave justheard.
12.A Open.B Friendly.C Selfish.D Reserved.
13.A Theystayquiet.C Theytalk aboutthe weather8They read a book.D Theychat withfellow passengers.
14.A Shewas alwaystreated asa foreigner.B Shewas eagerto visitan Englishcastle.C Shewasneverinvitedtoacolleagueshome.D Shewas unwillingtomakefriendswithworkmates.
15.A Housearemuchmore quiet.C Theywanttohavemorespace.8Houses providemore privacy.D Theywant agarden of their own.Section CDirections Inthis section,you willhear threepassages.At theend ofeach passage,you willhearthree orfourquestions.Both the passage andthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.After youhear，aquestion,you mustchoose thebest answerfrom thefour choicesmarkedAB,C andD.Thenmark the correspondingletter on Answer Sheet1withasingle linethroughthecentre.Questions16to18are basedon thepassage youhavejustheard.
16.A Theydon thave muchchoice ofjobs.B Theyare likelytogetmuch higherpay.C Theydont havetogothrough jobinterviews.D Theywillautomaticallybegivenhiringpriority.
17.A Asktheir professorsfor help.C Visittheschoolcareers services.8Look atschool bulletinboards.D Gothrough campusnewspapers.
18.A Helpingstudents findthe booksand journalsthey need.B Supervisingstudyspacestoensureaquietatmosphere.C Helpingstudents arrangeappointments withlibrarians.D Providingstudents withinformation aboutthe library.Questions19to21are basedonthepassage youhavejustheard.
19.A Ittastes better.C Itmaybesoldatahigherprice.8It iseasier togrow.D It can bettersurvive extremeweathers.
20.A It ishealthierthangreentea.C Itwill replacegreenteaone day.8It cangrow indrier soil.D Itis immuneto variousdiseases.
21.A Ithas beenwell receivedby manytea drinkers.B Itdoes notbring thepromised healthbenefits.C Ithas madetea farmers9life easier.D Itdoes not haveastablemarket.Questions22to25are basedonthepassage youhavejustheard.
22.A Theyneed decorationsto showtheir status.BThey preferunique objectsof highquality.C Theydecorate theirhomes themselves.D Theycare moreabout environment.
23.A Theywere proudoftheircreations.B Theycouldonlytryto createatnight.C Theymade greatcontributions tosociety.D Theyfocused onthe qualityoftheirproducts.
24.A Makewisechoices.C Designhandicrafts themselves.8Identify fakecrafts.D Learnthe importanceof creation.
25.A Toboostthelocaleconomy.C Toarouse publicinterest incrafts.8To attractforeign investments.D Topreserve thetraditionalculture.（）PARTIH ReadingComprehension40minutesSection ADirectionsInthis section,thereisapassage with tenblanks.You arerequired toselect onewordfor eachblank froma listof choicesgiven ina wordbank followingthepassage.Read thepassagethrough carefullybefore makingyour choices.Each choiceinthebank isidentified bya letter.Please markthe correspondingletter foreach itemon AnswerSheet2withasinglelinethrough thecentre.You maynot useany ofthe wordsinthebank morethan once.When someonecommits acriminal act,we alwayshope thepunishment willmatch theoffense.But whenit comesto oneofthecrudest crimes-animal fighting-things26work outthatway.Dog fighting victims are27and killedfor profitand“sport Jyet theircriminal abusersoftenreceive a28sentence forcausing alifetime ofpain.Roughly halfof allfederally-convicted animal（缓开）fighters onlyget probationU.（起诉）Some progresshas beenmade inthe prosecutionof animalfighters.But federaljudges空often relyheavily onthe U.S.Sentencing Guidelineswhentheypenalties,andinthe caseof也animal fighting,those guidelinesare outdatedand extremelyTheU.S.Sentencing Commission,which37these sentencingguidelines,is revisitingthem,proposing toraise theminimum sentencefrom6-12to21-27months.This isa stepintheright32,but wedlike toseetheU.S.Sentencing Commissionmake furtherguidelines.Simultaneous to this effort,were workingwith animaladvocates andstate andfederallawmakers to33anti-cruelty lawsacross thecountry,as wellas supportinglaws andpolicies thatassistoverburdened animal34that carefor animalfightingvictims.This helpis35importantbecause thehigh costof caringfor animalvictims isa majordeterrent tointervening incruelty casesinthe firstplace.A convenientB createsC criticallyD determineE directionF hesitateG inadequateHinspiredI methodJ minimalK rarelyL sheltersM strengthenN sufferingsO torturedSectionB DirectionsInthissection,youareganging toreadapassagewithten statementsattached toit.Each statementcontains informationgiven inoneofthe paragraphs.Identify theparagraph fromwhichthe informationis derived.You maychooseaparagraph morethan once.Each paragraphismarked witha letter.Answer thequestions bymarking thecorrespondingletteronAnswersheet
2.When WorkBecomes aGame[A]What motivatesemployees todo theirjobs wellCompetition withcoworkers,for some.Thepromise ofrewards,for others.Pure enjoymentof problem-solving,foralucky few.[B]Increasingly,companies aretapping intothese desiresdirectly throughwhafs cometobeknownas“gamification:essentially,turning work into a game.Gamification isabout understandingwhatitisthat makes games engagingand whatgame designersdotocreateagreat experienceingames,and takingthose learningsand applyingthem toother contextssuch asthe workplaceandeducation/9explains KevinWerbach,a gamificationexpert whoteaches atthe WhartonSchool ofBusinessattheUniversity ofPennsylvania inthe UnitedStates..[C]It mightmean monitoringemployee productivityona digital leaderboardand offeringprizes tothewinners,or givingemployees digitalbadges orstars forcompleting certainactivities.It couldalsomean trainingemployees howtodo theirjobsthrough videogame platforms.Companies fromGoogleto IBMto WellsFargo areknown touse somedegree of gamification intheir workplaces.And moreand morecompanies arejoining them.A recentreport suggeststhat theglobalgamification marketwill growfrom$
1.65billion into$
11.1billion by.[D]The conceptof gamificationisnotentirely new,Werbach says.Companies,marketers andteachershave longlooked fbrfun waysto engagepeoples reward-seeking orcompetitive spirits.Cracker Jackshasbeengamifying”its snackfood byputting asmall prizeinside fbrmorethan100years,he adds,andtheturn-of-the-century steelmagnate CharlesSchwab issaid tohave oftencomeinto hisfactory andwritten thenumberoftonsofsteel producedonthepast shifton thefactoryfloor,thus motivatingthe nextshift ofworkers tobeat theprevious one.[E]But theword“gamification andthe widespread,conscious applicationoftheconcept onlybeganin earnestabout fiveyears ago,Werbach says.Thanks inpart tovideo games,the generationnowentering the workforce isespecially opentotheidea ofhaving theirwork gamifled.Were atapoint wherein muchofthedeveloped worldthe vastmajority ofyoung peoplegrew upplaying[video]games,and anincreasingly highpercentage ofadults playthese videogames tooJ Werbachsays.[F]A numberof companieshave sprungup-GamEffective,Bunchball andBadgeville,to nameafew-in recentyears offeringgamification platformsfor businesses.The platformsthat aremosteffective turnemployees ordinaryjobtasksinto partofarich adventurenarrative.What makesagame game-like isthat theplayer actuallycares aboutthe outcome/Werbach says.The principleisunderstanding whatis motivatingtothisgroup ofplayers,which requiressome understandingofpsychology.”[G]Some people,Werbach says,are motivatedby competition.Sales peopleoften fallinto thiscategory.For them,therightkindof gamification mightbe turningtheir salespitches intoacompetition withother teammembers,complete witha digitalleaderboard showingwhos winningat all times.Others aremore motivatedby collaborationand socialexperiences.One companyWerbachhas studieduses gamificationtocreatea senseof communityand boostemployeemorale.When employeeslog into theircomputers,theyre showna pictureof oneof theircoworkersand askedto guessthat personsname.[H]Gamification doesnothavetobedigital.Monica Cornettiruns acompany thatgamifiesemployee trainings.Sometimes thisinvolves technology,but oftenit doesnot.She recentlydesigneda gamificationstrategy fora salestraining companywithastorm-chasing theme.Employees formed“storm chaserteams andcompeted instorm-themed educationalexercises toearnvarious rewards.6Rewards donthavetobe stuff」Cornetti says.Rewards canbe flextime.Rewards canbe extensiontime.Another training,this onefor payroll law,used aSnow Whiteandthe SevenDwarfs theme.Snow Whiteis publicdomain,but thedwarfs arestill undercopyright,soCornetti inventedsound-alike charactersGrumpy Gus,Dopey Danto illustratespecific payrolllaw principles.[I]Some peopledont takeas naturallyto gamifiedwork environments,Cornetti says.In herexperience,people inpositions ofpower orpeople infinance orengineering donttend tolike thesoundoftheword.If weredesigning fbrengineers,Im nottalkingabouta gameatall,“Cornettisays.Tm talkingaboutasimulation/Im talkingaboutbeingable tosolve thisproblem/9[J]Gamification is“not amagic bullet/9Werbach cautions.A gamificationstrategy thatsnotsufficiently thoughtthrough ortailored toits playersmay engagepeople foralittlewhile,but itwontmotivate inthe longterm.Itcanalso beexploitative,especially whenused withvulnerablepopulations.For workers,especially low-paid workers,who desperatelyneed theirjobs yetknowthey canbe easilyreplaced,gamification mayfeel morelike theHunger Games.Werbach givestheexample ofseveral Disneylandhotels inAnaheim,California,which usedlarge digitalleaderboardsto displayhow efficientlylaundry workerswere workingcompared toone another.Someemployees foundthe boardmotivating.To others,itwasthe oppositeof fun.Some beganto skipbathroombreaks,worried thatif theirproductivity fellthey wouldbefired.Pregnant employeesstruggled tokeep up.In aLos AngelesTimes article,one employeereferredtotheboard asadigitalwhip.”“It actuallyhad avery negativeeffect onmorale andperformanceJ Werbachsays.[K]Still,gamification onlystands tobecome morepopular,he says,“asmoreandmorepeoplecome intotheworkforcewho areintuitively familiarwiththestructures andexpressions ofdigitalgames9We areway aheadofthetipping point」Cometti agrees.“Theres noreasonthiswill goaway.”
36.some famouscompanies arealready usinggamification andmore aretryingtodothesame.
37.Gamification isnot amiracle curefor allworkplaces asitmayhave negativeresults.
38.To enhancemorale,one companyasks itsemployees toidentify theirfellow workswhenstarting theircomputers.
39.The ideaofgamificationwas practicedby somebusinesses morethan acentury ago.
40.There isareasonto believethat gamificationwillbehere tostay.
41.Video gamescontributed insome waystothewide applicationofgamification.
42.When turningworkintoagame,itisnecessary tounderstand whatmakesgamesinteresting.
43.Gamification inemployeetrainingdoesnotalways needtechnology.
44.The mostsuccessful gamificationplatforms transformdaily workassignments intofunexperiences.
45.Itisnecessary touse termsother thangamification^for someprofessions.SectionCDirections Thereare2passages inthissection.Each passageis followedby somequestions orunfinishedstatements.For eachof themthere arefour choicesmaked A,B,C andD.Youshould decideonthebest choiceand markthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2。
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