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（）（Section IVLanguage PointsII Lesson2）Lesson3语言基础自测©YUVAMIICHUZICE匚高频词汇必会二I.单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词X.What surprisedus mostwas thathe didntshow anyrespect（尊重）to hisparents.
2.At themeeting theydiscussed threedifferent approaches（方法）to thestudy ofmathematics.
3.The reportblames（归咎于）poor safetystandards for the accident.
4.Several importantlegal questionsarose（出现）in thecontract negotiations.
5.She was always defending（辩角窣）her husbandin frontof theirdaughter.
6.We onlyemploy femaleworkers.
7.He failedin hisattempt totake controlof thepany.
8.She closedher eyesand pretended to be asleep.
9.Columbus made an importantcontribution to the discoveryof thenewcontinent.
10.Every year,new graduatesare seekingfor jobssuitable for themselves.n.拓展词汇根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1.willing.愿意的，乐意的一unwilling,不愿意的
2.employ o力雇用f employee〃•雇员,受雇者femployer n.雇主f employmentn.工作，职业，受雇
4.respect”,尊敬,尊重f respecting,关于f respectfulcz
3.有礼貌的，恭敬的frespectable力•.体面的Q
①They defendtheir countryagainst/from enemies.他们保卫自己的国家不受敌人侵犯
②She defendedherselfshesuccessfully in the court.她在法庭上成功地为自己进行了辩护
③She spokein defencedefendofher religiousbeliefs.她为其宗教信仰辩护尼in favour of支持，赞同；有利于教材Pii5Since then,the lawand thepublic opinionhave beenless in favour ofthepaparazzi and their job.自那以后，法律和公众舆论就已经对猎奇名流的新闻记者及他们的工作很少支持了lfavourn.赞同；恩惠vt.喜爱；有利于in onesfavour对某人有利ask sb.a favour=ask a favourofsb.求某人帮忙do sb.a favour=do afavour for sb.帮某人忙2favourite adj.最喜爱的favourable adj.赞同的；顺利的，有利的
①Do meafavourand turnthe radiodown whileIm on the phone,will you劳驾，我打时，你能把收音机的声音调小点儿吗
②The exchangerate isin ourusfavour today.今天的兑换率对我们有利3Could Iask afavour Wouldyou pickmy sonup at the schoolgate请你帮我个忙去门口接我儿子好吗？
①It islikely thathe willattend themeeting.=He islikely to attendattend themeeting.他很可能会出席会议［明辨异同］likely/probable/possible易混词语气强弱主语常用句型be likely to do sth.语气较possible强，较作表语时，主语为人、It islikelylikelyprobable弱，表示“十有物或形式主语itthat...五六”的可能性作表语时，常用it作形式语气最强，表示“十有probable主语，真正的主语一般为It isprobable that...八九的可能性”that引导的从句It ispossible for作表语时，常用it作形式语气最弱，表示“十有sb.to dosth.lt ispossible主语，真正的主语一般为二三的可能性”不定式或that引导的从句possible that...»选词1直至（likely/probable/possible）
②It ispossible forme tochange jobs,but Iam notsure.
③Im likely to bevery busytomorrow.
①As wellas breakinghis leg,he hurthis arm.他不但摔断了腿，而且还伤了胳膊
②Li Naspeaks Englishas wellasanative speaker.李娜英语说得与以英语为母语的人一样好
③The famousmusician,as wellas hisstudents,was invitedinvitetoperform at theopening ceremony.那位著名的音乐家和他的学生被邀请在开幕式上演出［名师点津］⑴与as wellas连接并列成分作主语用法类似的还有along with,with,besides,but,except,rather than等2aswell表示“也”，通常位于句尾,相当于too（教材P26）However,not alladvertising isabout selling products and servicesfor aprofit.然而，并非所有的广告都是为了盈利而推销产品和服务【要点提炼】句中not all为部分否定
（1）某些表示全体意义的代词、形容词、副词与not连用表示部分否定，如代词all,both和形容词whole,every等所修饰的名词词组，包括every所构成的复合代词某些副词如altogether,always,entirely,wholly,quite等也是
（2）英语中的no,none,never,nobody,nothing,neither,no one,nowhere,no more,nolonger,no way等表否定意义的词（组）与肯定式谓语一起使用构成“全部否定二
①Our Englishteacher isexcellent,but she cant helpeveryone in the classin50minutes.我们的英语老师非常优秀，但她不能在50分钟内帮助每一个人
②The richmen arenot alwayshappy.有钱的人并非总是幸福的
③None ofthe booksare usefulto usforthemoment.这些书对我们暂时都没用
④Neither ofthem canspeak English.他们俩都不会讲英语［解构长句难句］1（.教材P26）For example,it couldbe“Shanghai SewingMachine orTsing TaoBeerCorporationand youwould knowwhat thepanies sell,where theyare located,andthebrandnames.【分析】本句是由竺也连接的两个并列句在后一个分句中，又包含着what引导的宾语从句和where引导的宾语从句【翻译】例如，一则广告可能是“上海缝纫机厂”，或者是“青岛啤酒公司”,并且你会知道这些公司销售什么，它们的位置以及商标名称
2.（教材P26）Modem advertisementsmust stand out in a worldfull ofpetition bybiningthe higheststandards of design withideas linked to the products to make them moreattractive.【分析】本句是一个结构复杂的较长的简单句full ofpetition是形容词短语作后置定语,修饰aworld,意为“一个充满竞争的世界；by bining...with…是介词短语作方式状语;linkedto the products是过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰ideas；to makethemmoreattractive是不定式短语作目的状语【翻译】现代的广告必须把最高水平的设计和产品理念相结合，以增强吸引力，这样才能在激烈的竞争中胜出随堂效果落实SUITA NQXIAOCLJOLLJOSHII.单句语法填空
1.She doesn*t blameanyone forher fathersdeath
2.The childrenwere employedin weedingweedthegarden.
3.The managementis makinga seriousattempt toimproveimproveworkingconditions.
4.The frankexchange ofviews contributedto betterimderstandingunderstand.
5.Iknowa newapproach to the difficultproblem.
6.Happiness consistsin tryingto doour duty.
7.When Isaw her,she pretendedto besleepingsleep.
8.Is thereany manunwilling tofight indefencedefendof his country
9.The husbandaroseariseand lookedout ofthe window.
10.He as wellasI iswilling tohelphelp you.
11..完成句子
1.It islikely that there willbe asnowstorm tomorrow.很可能明天会有一场暴风雪
2.Not allmecan bemasters.不是所有的人都能成为大师
3.Which driverwas to blame forthe accident这事故是哪个司机的责任？
4.Is thereany manunwilling tofight indefenceofhiscountry难道有谁不愿为保卫自己的国家而战吗？
5.She pretendedto havelearned thetext,but shehad not.她假装学过了这篇课文，其实根本没有语法专项突破YUFAZHUANXIANGTUPO动名词［自主领悟］先观察原句
①For manyof todaysadvertisers,repeating oldideas is not asuccessful approach.
②Others tryto createadvertisements thatpeople simplyenjoy lookingat.3The classicadvertisement isone thatgives informationabout findingcertain products.
④...a lotof moneyis spenton applyingmodern techniquesofdesigntomaketheseadvertisements asvisually attractiveas possible.
5...the mainpurpose ofthe advertisementis makingcustomers spendmoney.
⑥For example,it couldbe“Shanghai SewingMachine”.・・后自主感悟
1.句
①为动名词作主语
2.句
②、句
③和句
④均是动名词作宾语,句
②中动名词作动词的宾语,句
③和句
④中动名词作介词的宾语
3.句
⑤中动名词作表语;句
⑥中动名词作定语,说明被修饰名词的用途匚语法精要点拨二动词-ing形式具有动词和名词的特点动词特点体现在可以有自己的宾语、状语、补足语，有时态和语态的变化；名词特点体现在可以作主语、宾语、表语和定语
一、动词-ing形式的时态、语态和否定形态动词-ing形式的时态有一般式和完成式；语态有主动式和被动式；动词-ing形式的否定形式是直接在其前面加上not以及物动词do为例，列表说明如下语态主动被动时态（肯定式/否定式）（肯定式/否定式）being done/not beingdone一般式doing/not doinghavingdone/not havingdone havingbeen done/not having完成式been doneL一般式表示与谓语动词的动作同时或稍后发生；完成式表示动作先于谓语动词完成Do youlike playingchess你喜欢下棋吗？She waspleased that the teacherwasnt angrywith herfor havingbeen socareless.她很高兴老师没有因为她的粗心而生气
2.语态主要看与逻辑主语的关系如果逻辑主语是动词-ing形式动作的执行者就用主动形式，是动词-ing形式动作的承受者就用被动形式While shopping,people sometimescant helpbeing persuadedinto buyingsomethingthey dontreally need.购物时，人们有时会情不自禁地被说服买他们可能并不需要的东西
3.否定形式是在动词-ing形式前直接加上notI mustapologize fornot lettingyou knowahead oftime.我必须因没有提前告知你而向你道歉二动词-ing的句子成分L作主语Teaching Englishin amiddle schoolis myfull-time job.在教英语是我的专职工作In someArabian countriesshaking oneshead fromside toside meansagreement.在一些阿拉伯国家，摇头表示同意［名师点津］动名词和不定式作主语的区别动名词动名词作主语通常表示经常性的、习惯性的动作不定式不定式作主语既可表示经常性的、习惯性的动作又可表示具体的、一次性的动作Lying is wrong.撒谎不对To lieto heriswrong.对她撒谎不对［温馨提示］1动名词作主语后置的常用句型“a wasteof timeJno good/useIt is/wasR,一，o・-inghardly anygood/use worthwhileIt isno usecrying overspilt milk.覆水难收2当句型“There isno...”表示“不允许、禁止某种行为的发生或存在”时，需用动名词作主语There isno jokingabout suchmatters.这种事开不得玩笑3单个动名词作主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式Planting manytrees isvery goodfor ourenvironment.植树对我们的环境非常有好处［即时训练1］用所给动词的适当形式填空DReadingreadaloud isa goodway oflearning alanguage.@As faras Imconcerned,its nogood arguingarguewithhim.
③Making friendsplaysplayan importantpart inour life.
2.作表语动名词作表语通常是对主语进行说明、解释这时主语和表语位置可以互换His hobbyis watchingfootball games.=Watching footballgames ishis hobby.他的爱好是看足球比赛［名师点津］现在分词作表语相当于形容词的功能，说明主语的性质、特征，主语和表语的位置不可互换［温馨提示］1动名词和不定式均可作表语，解释或说明主语的具体内容，两者常可换用My jobis lookingafter the old man.=My jobis tolook aftertheoldman.我的工作是照顾那位老人2在有些情况下，如果动词表示的是一个具体的、个别的动作，则多用不定式作表语；用动名词作表语侧重于主语本身的性质或状态Your tasktoday isto washthe curtains.你今天的任务是洗窗帘指一次具体的工作His favoritesport isswimming.他最喜欢的运动是游泳泛指游泳
3.作宾语ladmit,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,face,feel like,finish,forgive,give up,imagine,include,keep,mention,mind,miss,practise,put off,resist,risk,suggest,cant help情不自禁，cant stand无法忍受等动词或词组后可以用动名词作宾语，但不能用不定式What environmentdo youenjoy workingin你喜欢在什么样的环境下工作？If youask me,I thinkyou shouldgive upsmoking.如果你问我，我认为你应该戒烟I cant help laughingevery timeI thinkof that.每次想起那件事，我就会忍不住笑起来2短语devote to,look forward to,stick to,be usedto,be busyin,havedifficulty/trouble/problemin,have agood/wonderful/hard timein,theres nouse/good/need,get downto等须要用动名词形式作宾语We lookforwardtohearing fromyou soon.我们盼望着很快能收到您的回信I alwayshave difficultyin pronouncingnew words.在读生词时我总是遇到困难6love,hate,prefer,like等动词后用动名词作宾语时指一般情况；跟不定式作宾语时指某一具体行为I likeswimming,but I prefer diving.我喜欢游泳，但是更喜欢潜水Ipreferto workrather thango ona holidayattheseaside.我宁愿工作也不愿去海滨度假［记忆口诀］巧记后接动名词作宾语的短语动词建议、考虑、坚持练,suggest,advise,consider,insist on,practise允许、想象、弃冒险，permit,allow,imagine,give up,risk阻止、抵抗、否避开，prevent,resist,deny,escape不禁、介意、保持完，canthelp,mind,keep,finish承认、错过、欣喜欢admit,miss,appreciate,enjoy［即时训练2］用所给动词的适当形式填空
①一That wouldmean wastingwastea lotof labour.一ReallyI don*t meanto wastewasteany labour.
②The youngtrees weplanted lastweek requirelooking/to bvlookedlook afterwithgreat care.
③We cantimagine hersucceedingsucceed in the entranceexamination,for shehasnever beento school.
4.作定语动名词作定语，置于被修饰词之前，表示被修饰词的用途或性能There isa largeswimming poolin thegarden.the poolfor swimming花园里边有一个大的游泳池The writingtable ismade ofexpensive wood.The tablefor writing这张写字台是贵重a waitingroom—a roomfor waiting候车室，候诊室a hidingplace藏身之处a sailingboat帆船an operatingtable手术台a wateringcan水罐building materials建筑材料a guessinggame猜谜游戏a bathingcap浴帽a weighingmachine称具，量具a dressingroom更衣室drinking water饮用水［名师点津］木材做的动名词作定语通常表示它所修饰的名词的用途或性能，与所修饰的名词之间不存在逻辑上的主谓关系；现在分词作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系China isa developingcountry.相当于a countrywhich isdeveloping中国是一个发展中国家［即时训练3］用所给动词的适当形式填空v.+-er./-ee一儿（人）un-+ac.f adj.（反）interviewer采访人，面试官interviewee被采访者，应试unusual不寻常的者unfortunate不幸的[trainer训练员unfortable不舒服的[trainee受训者III,补全短语根据提示补全下列短语
1.infavourof支持，赞同
2.in public公共地
3.a seriesof一系列的
4..concentrate on专注于
6.standout突出，显眼
7.make contributions to贡献
8.participate in参加，参与
9.as wellas也
1.He wasin petitionwith10others forthe job.
2.He istoo embarrassedto givehis viewsin public,
3.Each partyshall consist of notless thanten.
4.The bandarranged for a seriesof concerts.
①Today thereare moreairplanes carryingcarrymore peoplethan everbefore intheskies.
②Theres anote pinnedto thedoor sayingsaywhen theshop willopen again.
③The roomis emptyexcept fora bookshelfstandingstand inone corner.
三、动名词的复合结构动名词的复合结构指动名词前有其逻辑主语复合结构通常由“物主代词/人称代词宾格/名词所有格等+动名词”构成，通常在句中作主语或宾语，在句子开头时必须用物主代词或名词所有格His ingmade usvery happy.他的到来使我们都很高兴He wasawakened bysomeones knockingatthedoor.他被某人的敲门声吵醒了匚语法应用落实二单句语法填空
1.Ignoringignorethe differencebetween thetwo researchfindings willbe oneof theworstmistakes youmake.
2..His armwas notinasling,and showedno signof havingbeen damageddamage.
3.The filmstar wearssunglasses.Therefore,hecango shoppingwithout beingrecognizedrecognize.
4.We wouldappreciate beinginformedinform aboutthe matterpromptly.
5.How muchI haveregretted nottakingnot takehisadvice!背教材原句记句式结构仿写促落实l.It islikelyto be justthe nameof aHe islikelytobe oneof mybelikelyto dopany,part ofwhich maybe ageneral oldfriends；I cantremembersth.location.clearly.意为“可能做某它很可能仅是公司的名称，其中可能含他很可能是我的一位老朋友，事”有公司的大概位置我记不清了
2.The topadvertisers oftoday believeaswellas用作that usinghumour aswellasnewand介词，意思是He aswellashis classmatesisunusual ideastosurprisepeopleis“除……之外fond ofpop music.importantinmodern advertisements.当还有……”，后他和他的同学都喜欢流行音今的顶级广告商认为，在现代广告中运面通常接名词或乐用既出其不意、新颖独特又幽默的创意动名词很重要NoC everyonelikes that
3.However,not alladvertising isabout actor*s worksaccording toanot alL.•意为sellingproducts andservicesforaprofit.survey.“并非所有根据一项调查发现，并非所有然而，并非所有的广告都是为了赢利而的……都”，表的人都喜欢那个演员的作品推销商品和服务示部分否定核心要点揭穿HEXirMVAODIANTAINJIU三全析重点词汇二］blame W责怪，归咎于n.过失；责备教材P
24.・・is oftenblamed forencouraging the paparazzi.……经常因鼓励猎奇名流的摄影记者受到责备lblame sb.for sth.因某事责怪某人；责怪某人某事blame sth.on sb.把某事归咎到某人身上be to blame for sth.对某事应负责任；应受谴责2accept/bear/take the blame forsth.对某事负责任put/lay theblame forsth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人
①They blamedthe failureon Tom.他们把失败归咎于汤姆
②Lots ofpeople findit hardto getup inthe morningand puttheblameonthealarmclock.许多人早上起不来床，转而责怪闹钟
③She blamedhim forthe failureof theirmarriage.她把婚姻的失败归咎于他
①He didntwant toanalyse thedata,so hepretendedtobe ill.他不想分析那些数据，所以他假装生病了
②He pretendedtobedoingdo his lessons whenhis mothercame in.母亲进来的时候，他假装正在做功课
③She pretendedthat shedidnt knowme whenwe metinthestreet.=She pretendednot toknowfnot knowme whenwe metinthestreet.我在街上见到她时，她装作不认识我［名师点津］pretend todo的否定形式为pretend nottodo假装没做某事SJrespect凡尊敬，尊重n.尊敬,敬意；细节，方面教材P25The mediashould respectfamous peoples privacy.媒体应该尊重名人的隐私lrespect sb.forsth.因某事而尊敬某人respect sb.as尊敬某人为……2show/have respectfor sb.尊重某人with respect尊敬地in this/that respect在这/那一方面out ofrespect出于尊敬
①We shouldshow respectfor ourparents.我们应该尊敬父母
②She hasalways beenhonest withme,and Irespect herfor this.她对我一直很真诚，我非常敬重她这一点
①I thinkthis placeis suitablefor youto sellsouvenirs totourists.我认为这个地方适合你卖纪念品给游客
②This kindof acmodationoffers anindependent lifestyleand ismore suitablefor thelong-stay students.这种住宿方式提供独立的生活方式，它更适合于长期居住的学生
①Happiness consistsin health.幸福在于健康
①At her approach thechildren ranoff.她走近的时候，孩子们跑了
②I likeherapproachtotheproblem.我喜欢她解决这个问题的方法Ao
①A properamount ofexercise contributesto goodhealth.适当的运动量有助于健康
②He hasmade greatcontributionstothe citydevelopment.他为城市发展做出了巨大的贡献
③He contributed5,000dollars tothe disaster-hit areas.他给灾区捐了5000美元［语境助记］Many peoplecontributed moneytothepoor boy,which contributedto hisreturning toschoolAwriter wrotea storyabout thisand
①捐款，贡献
②导致，促成
③投稿contributed ittoanewspaper.许多人给这个可怜的男孩捐钱，这使他重新回到了一位作家写了一篇关于此事的新闻报道并把它投到了报社arise让发生，出现；起身；起床（教材Pii5）Could youtell ushow theproblem arose你能告诉我们问题是怎么出现的吗？词受义写出下列句中arise的含义
①Seeing hismother returnhome,the boyarose fromhis chairimmediately.起身
②A numberof highbuildings havearisen wherethere wasnothing ayear agobutruins.出现3They aroseat sunriseto getan earlystart tothe park.起床arise from/out of=result from产生于，起因于©Accidents oftenarise fixm/out ofcarelessness.事故常起因于粗心［明勃辛异同］arise/rise/raise/arouse原形过去式过去分词释义arise vi.arose arisen出现；起身rise vi.rose risen升起，升高；站起，起床raise vt.raised raised举起，抬起arouse vt.aroused aroused唤起»选词康里arise/rise/raise/arouse
⑤The sunrises inthe eastand setsinthewest.
⑥She rose/arose togreet herguests.
⑦He raisedhis handin orderthatthetaxi mightstop.
①They employedher tolook afterthe baby.他们雇用她照料那个婴儿
②You shouldemploy yourmoney morewisely tobuybuythings badlyneeded.你应该更明智地用你的钱来买最需要的东西
③He wasbusily employedin cleaningcleanhis shoes.他正忙着擦他的鞋子
④How longhas shebeen inyour employmentemploy她被你雇用多长时间了？lE attemptn.尝试，试图，努力教材Pii5But sometimes,thepaparazzigo toofar intheir attempt to getthe bestphotographs.有时候，猎奇名流的新闻记者想要得到最好的摄影作品会走的很远lattempt todosth.=make anattempt todo/at doingsth.试图做某事in anattempt todosth.试图做某事第一atthe first attempt2attempted adj.次尝试an attemptedsuicide/murder未遂的；意图的自
①The prisonermadeanattempt to杀/谋杀未遂escape.囚犯妄图逃跑
②Two factorieswere closedin anattempttocutcutcosts.为了削减费用，两家工厂被关闭了
③I passedmy drivingtest atthefirstattempt.我考驾驶执照时，一次就通过了。
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