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北京市丰台区届高三英语下学期一模试题（含解析）2021本试卷满分共100分考试时间90分钟注意事项
1.答题前，考生务必先将答题卡上的学校、年级、班级、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹签字笔填写清楚，并认真核对条形码上的准考证号、姓名，在答题卡的“条形码粘贴区”贴好条形码
2.本次考试所有答题均在答题卡上完成选择题必须使用2B铅笔以正确填涂方式将各小题对应选项涂黑,如需改动，用橡皮擦除干净后再选涂其它选项非选择题必须使用标准黑色字迹签字笔书写，要求字体工整、字迹清楚
3.请严格按照答题卡上题号在相应答题区内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试卷、草稿纸上答题无效
4.请保持答题卡卡面清洁，不要装订、不要折叠、不要破损第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、I）四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑This was the fifthtime Id been to the NationalAnnual petition.Reporters hadbeen sayingthat Ilookedunbeatable.Everyone expectedme to1,But Iknew somethingwas2because Icouldnt getthis onepicture outof myhead:a pictureof me,falling.Go away,“r d say.But theimagewouldn，t
3.It wastime toskate.The musicstarted,slowly,and Itold myself,“Have fun,Michael!Its just a（n）
4.”Once the music pickedup,I startedskating faster.Id practicedthe routineso many times,and I didn，t have to thinkabout5came next.But when I camedown from the jump,my footslipped fromunder me.I putahand on the iceto6myself,but itdidnt doany good.Things kept getting
7.On atriple flip（三周跳）1spun through the airand just asI landed,my wholebody wentdown again.There I was,flat on the ice,with thewhole world
8.I didn，t thinkIdbe able topull myselftogether.But as I gotup,I heardan amazing
9.People wereclapping intime tothe music.They weretrying togive mecourage.I wasntsurprised bymy scores.However,the audience，s clappingwoke meup!I wasso busytrying notto10that Iforgot tofeel whatwas inmy heartthelove forskating.办法循环利用电子垃圾的事情【24题详解】细节理解题根据文章第一段内容“When Alex Lin was11years old,he readan alarmingarticle in the newspaperwhich said that people wereburying oldputers inbackyards,throwing TVsinto streams,and dumping（丢弃）cell phonesin thegarbage.This wasdangerous becauseewaste containsharmful chemicalsthat canleak intotheenvironment,getting intocrops,animals,water supplies一and people.（当AlexLin11岁时，他在报纸上读到一篇令人震惊的文章，人们把旧电脑埋在后院，把电视扔到河里，把扔到垃圾堆里这是危险的，因为电子垃圾中含有有害的化学物质，可能会泄漏到环境中，进入农作物、动物、水源和人类）和第二段第一句话“Alex wasreally worried（Alex真的很担心）可知，Alex看到报纸上的文章，得知随意丢弃电子垃圾是危险的，会危害环境、农作物、动物、水源和人类，这让他很担心由此可知，Alex看完这篇文章后担心的是乱扔电子垃圾的现象故选A项[25题详解】细节理解题根据文章第三段关键句But whatcould they do aboutthis projectwith ewasteThe teamspent severalweeks gathering information about theharmful chemicalsin ewasteand theireffects onhumans.（但是他们能对这个电子垃圾项目做些什么呢？小组花了几周时间收集有关电子垃圾中有害化学物质及其对人类影响的信息）可知，为了开展这个项目，小组首先花了几周时间收集有关电子垃圾中有害化学物质及其对人类影响的信息由此可知，Alex通过收集信息的方式来开始这个项目故选B项[26题详解】推理判断题根据文章第三段关键句But whatcould they do aboutthis projectwith ewasteThe teamspent severalweeksgathering informationabout theharmful chemicalsin ewasteand theireffects onhumans.（但是他们能对这个电子垃圾项目做些什么呢？小组花了几周时间收集有关电子垃圾中有害化学物质及其对人类影响的信息）、第四段关键句Alex and his friendswent into action.They advertisedin thelocal newspaperand distributednoticesto students,asking residentsto bringtheir unwantedelectronics tothe schoolparking lot.”（Alex和他的朋友们开始行动了他们在当地报纸上登广告，向学生们分发通知，要求居民们把不需要的电子产品带到学校停车场）和第五段关键句“The nextstep wasto setup alongterm ewastedropoff centerfor thetown.（下一步是为该镇建立一个长期的电子垃圾投放中心）可知，Alex和他的朋友们为了开展这个项目，首先收集信息，然后通过登报和分发通知等方式进行宣传，接下来建立一个长期的电子垃圾投放中心，这种做法是科学的，再结合最后一段关键句Because of the workof WIN,more and more people,like Alex and his team,are gettingthe messageabout safedisposal of ewaste.（由于WIN的工作，越来越多的人，像Alex和他的团队一样，正在得到关于安全处理电子垃圾的信息）可知，他们的工作获得了成功由此可推断出，Alex和他的团队的工作方式是科学的故选C项【27题详解】主旨大意题分析文章内容，结合最后一段关键句Because ofthe workof WIN,more andmore people,like Alexandhis team,are gettingthe messageabout safe disposalof ewaste.（由于WIN的工作，越来越多的人，像Alex和他的团队一样，正在得到关于安全处理电子垃圾的信息）可知，文章主要讲述了几个十几岁的年轻人为了避免电子垃圾对环境造成的影响，想办法循环利用电子垃圾的事情，并最终获得了成功，越来越多的人知道了关于安全处理电子垃圾的信息“Young peoplecan makea bigdifference.意为“年轻人可以有所作为”能够概括这个故事传达的信息故选D项CJust becausea scientistputs a GPS tracking collar ona wildpolar beardoes notmean theanimal willwillinglykeep iton.They canremove it,if onebees annoying.But scientistshave nowfound away ofusing signalsfromthose droppedcollars totrack the ice itself.The scientistsidentified20collars thattransmitted movementdata consistentwith icedrift（漂流）rather thanpolar bearmotion between2005and
2015.The resultingrecords of how meltingice driftsin HudsonBayare unique;there areno easilyaccessible onthegroundsensors,and satelliteobservations oftencannotaccurately capturethe motionof smallice sheets.The teampared theremoved collarsmovements towidely usedicedrift modeling data fromthe U.S.NationalSnow and Ice Data Center（NSIDC）.Collar dataindicated that the NSIDCmodel underestimates the speed at whichicemoves aroundin HudsonBay—as wellas theoverall extentof drift.Over the course of several monthsthemodel coulddiverge（偏离）from anice sheet,s locationby afew hundredkilometers,the scientistssay.This meansthe bearsmay beworking harder,when movingagainst thedirection ofthe ice,than scientistshadassumed,“Since we re underestimatingthe speedof drift,we relikely underestimatingthe energeticeffortof polar bears,“says RonTogunov,who ledthe study.The studyreveals timelyinsight intohow highlymobile icemoves.As meltingincreases ining years,suchice willlikely beemore monfarther north,in thecentral Arctic,says AndyMahoney,a geophysicistat theUniversityof Alaska,who wasnot involvedin the study.Scientists hadknown NSIDCdata couldunderestimate driftspeeds,Mahoney says,but,anytimewe canfind adata gapand plugit is a goodthing.”Plus,such datacould improvepredictions about how oilspills orother pollutantsmay spread in seas litteredwith driftingice,says Walt Meier,a seniorNSIDC researchscientist.The findingsmay eveninfluence futureNSIDCmodels.It sa reallynice dataset.Meier says.And certainlyone we11take underconsideration.”
28.What canaGPStrackingcollardoA.Measure thedepth of ice sheet.B.Capture themovement ofice.C.Describe themelting speedofice.D.Record theemotional stateof bears.
29.What canwe learnabout thecollar dataA.It showsthe icemoves moreslowly fromits originallocation.B.It mayreveal polarbears are not soenergetic asbefore.C.It indicatestheiceis morelikely to move southin thecentral Arctic.D.It can help predictthe locationof somepollutants inseas.
30.Which wouldbe the best titlefor thispassageA.Data Tellsa DifferentStory B.Wild PolarBears SignalingC.Insights intoa PuzzlingAspect D.Ice IsTaken underConsideration【答案】
28.B
29.D
30.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了GPS跟踪项圈能捕获冰层的运动，让我们对冰层移动的速度以及漂移的总体范围有了新的认知[28题详解】细节理解题根据第一段关键句But scientistshave nowfound away ofusing signalsfrom thosedropped collarstotrack theice itself.（但是科学家们现在发现了一种方法，可以利用掉下来的项圈发出的信号来追踪冰层本身）”和第二段关键句The scientistsidentified20collars thattransmitted movementdata consistentwithice drift（漂流）rather thanpolarbearmotion between2005and
2015.（科学家们发现了20个项圈，这些项圈传递的运动数据与2005年至2015年间的冰层漂流一致，而不是北极熊的运动）”可知，这些掉下来的GPS跟踪项圈可以发出信号来追踪冰层本身，能够传递冰层运动的数据由此可知，GPS跟踪项圈能捕获冰的运动故选B项【29题详解】细节理解题根据最后一段关键句Plus,such datacould improvepredictions about how oilspills orotherpollutants mayspreadinseaslitteredwith driftingice,says WaltMeier,a seniorNSIDC researchscientist.（此外，NSIDC的一位高级研究科学家WaltMeier说,这样的数据可以改进关于溢油或其他污染物如何在布满浮冰的海洋中扩散的预测）”可知，GPS跟踪项圈捕获的数据可以帮助预测海洋中一些污染物的位置故选D项【30题详解】主旨大意题分析文章内容，结合第三段关键句The teampared theremoved collarsmovements towidely usedicedriftmodelingdatafromthe U.S.National SnowandIceDataCenterNSIDC.Collar dataindicated that theNSIDC modelunderestimatesthespeedatwhich icemoves aroundin HudsonBay一as wellas theoverall extentofdrift.研究小组将移除的项圈的运动与美国国家冰雪数据中心NSIDC广泛使用的冰漂移建模数据进行了比较项圈数据表明，NSIDC模型低估了哈德逊湾冰层移动的速度以及漂移的总体范围”可知，GPS跟踪项圈捕获的数据与NSIDC模型的数据不相符，让我们对冰层移动的速度以及漂移的总体范围有了新的认知“Data TellsaDifferent Story意为“数据说明了另一种情况”能够概括文章主要内容故选A项DAt university,whenItold peopleI wasstudying for a historydegree,the responsewas almostalways thesame,“You want to bea teachervNo,a journalist.“0h・But you renotmajoring inmunications”In thedays whena universityeducation was a privilege,perhaps therewasn,ttheassumption thata degreehadto bea springboarddirectly intoa career.Those daysare longgone.Today,a degree is allbut anecessityfor the job market,one thatmore thanhalves your chances of being unemployed.Still,that aloneis noguaranteeof a job一and yetwe repaying more andmore for one.Given thosecosts,most ofus wantto maximizethat investment—and that can leadtoa plugandplay typeof approach tohigher education.Want to beajournalist Studyjournalism,we retold.A lawyerPursue prelaw.Not totallysure Gointo STEMScience,Technology,Engineer andMaths一you can bee anengineer or an ITexpert.And nomatter what you do,forget the humanities,such ashistory,philosophy andlanguages.It strue thatthe humanitiese witha higherrisk ofunemployment,but therisk isslighter thanyou wouldimagine.For young people in the U.S.,the unemploymentrate ofthose withhumanities degreesis four percent,justalittle more than thatof engineeringdegree hoiders.Lower salariesmay notbe causedby thedegree itselfeither.The genderpay gappersists inthe humanities,whose graduatesare morelikely to be female.Is itanywonder thenthat languageteachers tendto makeless thanengineersAccording toLinkedln,s researchonthemost soughtafterjob skills by employersfor2019,the abilitytomunicate andget alongwith people,to understandwhat son other people sminds,and todo fullstrengthcriticalanalysis wereall valuedand appreciated.It goeswithout sayingthat you canbean excellentmunicator andcriticalthinker without a humanitiesdegree.And anygood universityeducation,not justone inEnglish orpsychology,should sharpenthese abilitiesfurther.But fewcourses ofstudy arequite asheavy onreading,writing,speakingand critical thinking asthe humanities一whether thats bydebating otherstudents in a seminar,writing athesis paper or analyzing poetry.The wholequestion ofwhether astudent shouldchoose STEMversus thehumanities mightbe misguidedto beginwith.The headlinesmost ofus seedon thelp.Whatever astudent pursuesin university,it mustbe somethingthatthey are not onlygood at,but interestedin.Even ifit meanspursuing a“useless”degree—like oneinhumanities.
31.Why arepeople payingmore andmore for a degreeA.Because peopleneed a degree tofurther theircareer.B.Because universityeducation isconsidered aprivilege.C.Because adegreeisviewed asa mustfor landinga job.D.Because theirinterest canbe developedin university.
32.The authormentioned aplugandplay type of approach to show.A.a tipfor choosinga majorB.the importanceof higher educationC.a problemthat existsamong STEMgraduatesD.the reasonwhy peopleoverlook thehumanities
33.According tothe author,what isthe benefitof majoringin humanitiesA.A parativelyhigh salaryafter graduation.B.Better chancesof gettingrid ofgender prejudice.C.A bettermunicative skillthan sciencestudents.D.More exposuretothetraining oflanguage andthinking.
34.What isthe author，s attitudetowards thepursuit ofhumanitiesA.Doubtful.B.Optimistic.C.Objective.D.Concerned.【答案】
31.C
32.D
33.D
34.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文作者在文中引用了科学数据客观介绍了学习人文学科的利与弊，告诉我们学生在大学里学习的应该是自己擅长并感兴趣的东西，并不只是为了获得工作而学习【31题详解】细节理解题根据第二段关键句Today,adegreeis allbut anecessity for thejobmarket,one thatmore thanhalvesyourchancesofbeingunemployed.Still,that aloneis noguarantee of ajob一and yetwerepayingmore andmoreforone.（如今，学位对就业市场来说几乎是一种必需品，它会使你失业几率减半以上尽管如此，单凭这一点并不能保证找到一份工作，然而我们为学位付出的代价却越来越高）”可知，人们为学位付出的代价却越来越高是因为学位被视为获得工作的必备条件故选C项【32题详解】推理判断题根据第三段关键句Given thosecosts,most ofus wantto maximizethat investment一and thatcanlead toaplugandplaytypeofapproachtohighereducation.（考虑到这些成本,我们大多数人都希望将投资最大化一一这就导致了一种即插即用的高等教育方式）”和“And nomatter what you do,forget thehumanities,suchas history,philosophy andlanguages.（不管彳尔做什么,忘t己了人文学科•，比如历史、哲学和语言）”可知，作者提出了一种即插即用的方法是为了说明人们忽视人文学科的原因故选D项【33题详解】细节理解题根据倒数第二段关键句But fewcourses ofstudy arequite asheavy onreading,writing,speakingand criticalthinking asthehumanities一whether thats bydebating otherstudents in a seminar,writing athesispaper oranalyzing poetry.（但很少有课程像人文学科那样注重阅读、写作、口语和批判性思维一一无论是在研讨会上与其他学生辩论、写论文还是分析诗歌）”可知，在笔者看来，主修人文学科的好处是能更多的接受语言和思维的训练故选D项[34题详解】推理判断题根据第四段关键句For young people intheU.S.,the unemploymentrate ofthose withhumanitiesdegrees isfourpercent,justalittle more than thatof engineeringdegree holders.（对于美国的年轻人来说，拥有人文学科学位的人的失业率是百分之四，只比拥有工程学学位的人高一点点）”和倒数第二段关键句But fewcourses ofstudy arequite asheavy onreading,writing,speaking andcriticalthinkingasthehumanities一whether thatsbydebating otherstudents ina seminar,writing athesispaperoranalyzingpoetry.（但很少有课程像人文学科那样注重阅读、写作、口语和批判性思维一一无论是在研讨会上与其他学生辩论、写论文还是分析诗歌）”可知，作者在文中引用了科学数据客观介绍了学习人文学科的利与弊，作者对学习人文学科的态度是客观的故选C项第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项选项中有两项为多余选项What CanWe SeeinaLogoWe seehundreds oflogos onsigns,vehicles,websites,and evenontheclothes wewear.All ofthese logosare designed to attract our attention.35However,recently researchsupports theidea thatremembering whatalogo lookslike isa verydifficult task.Researchers gave85students asimple assignmentto draw the Applelogo purelyfrom memory.Surprisinglyonly onestudent inthe studycould accuratelydraw the logo from memory.36Researchers havedeveloped atheorythat theythink mighthelp toexplain thisblind spotin ourmemories.Logos are typically designedtobesimple andeasy torecognize witha quickglance.Yet thefrequent exposureto these logos can actually make our brains overlook them.This processis known as“attentional saturation（注意力饱和）37Even thoughthe brainis accustomed to ignoringunnecessary details,it isalso programmedfor recognition.When wesee imagessuch aslogos overand overagain,we beefamiliar withthem.This constantexposure leadstosomething scientistsrefer toas gist（梗概）memory.38This generalsense of memory hasits ownbenefits.In fact,familiarity witha popularlogo caneven makepeople feelmore fortableabout purchasingor usingcertainproducts.Logos areeverywhere welook today.A fancydesign ora thoughtfulcolor binationmay bea goodstart fora logo concept,but thereare other factors to consider.39A cleverdesign may be interesting,but mostpeoplewill forgetthe details一especially ifour brainshave anythingto sayabout it.A.This maybe inspiringto logodesigners.B.People willknow theproduct behindthelogo.C.So whyis itso difficultfor people to recallthe detailsof imagesD.They alsohelp usremember aproduct orservice connectedto thatimage.E.It meansthat ourbrain remembersthe basicidea withoutall ofthe details.F.Our brainsactually signalus toignore informationwe don,t thinkwe willneed toremember.G.Logo designersneed to knowthat peoplewill onlyremember what they believeis worthwhile.【答案】
35.D
36.C
37.F
38.E
39.G【解析】【分析】本文是说明文文章主要介绍了在我们的生活中，人们很难准确记住一个标志的细节，并解释了出现这种现象的原因【35题详解】根据空格上句“All ofthese logosaredesignedtoattractourattention.（所有这些标志都是为了吸引我们的注意力而设计的）”可知，这里介绍的是标志的作用D项意为“它们还帮助我们记住与该图像相关的产品或服务”选项内容能够承接上文，进一步介绍了标志的作用，可以帮助我们记住与该图像相关的产品或服务故选D【36题详解】根据空格上句uResearchers gave85students asimple assignmentto drawthe Applelogo purelyfrommemory.Surprisingly,only onestudent inthestudycould accuratelydrawthelogo frommemory.（研究人员给85名学生布置了一个简单的任务，让他们完全凭记忆画出苹果的标志令人惊讶的是，研究中只有一个学生能从记忆中准确地画出这个标志）”可知，实验结果表明，人们很难准确记住一个标志的细节C项意为“那么，为什么人们很难回忆起图像的细节呢？”选项内容能够承接上文，针对上文的实验结果提出了问题，为什么人们很难回忆起图像的细节呢？且能引出下文将要介绍的关于记忆的理论故选C【37题详解】根据空格上句“Yet thefrequent exposuretotheselogoscanactuallymakeourbrainsoverlookthem.This processisknownas^attentional saturation（注意力饱和）”.（然而，频繁接触这些标志实际上会让我们的大脑忽视它们这个过程被称为“注意力饱和“）”可知，本段介绍了频繁接触标志会造成注意力饱和现象F项意为“实际上，我们的大脑发出信号，让我们忽略我们认为不需要记住的信息”选项内容能够承接上文，进一步介绍了什么是“注意力饱和”，是我们的大脑发出信号，让我们忽略我们认为不需要记住的信息故选F【38题详解】根据空格上句When wesee imagessuch aslogos overand overagain,we beefamiliar withthem.This constantexposureleads tosomething scientistsrefer toas gist（梗概）memory.（当我们一次又一次地看到诸如标志之类的图像时，我们就会对它们熟悉起来这种持续的暴露导致了科学家们称之为梗概记忆的东西）”可知，本段介绍了当我们一次又一次地看到诸如标志之类的图像时，我们就会对它们熟悉起来，这种情况被科学家们称为梗概记忆E项意为“这意味着我们的大脑只记得基本的想法，而不记得所有的细节”选项内容能够承接上文，进一步介绍了什么是“梗概记忆”，选项中的“It”代指上文中的“gist（梗概）memory”故选E【39题详解】根据空格上句“A fancydesign ora thoughtfulcolor binationmaybea goodstart foralogoconcept,but thereareotherfactorstoconsider.（一个精致的设计或一个深思熟虑的颜色组合可能是一个标志概念的良好开端，但还有其他因素要考虑）”可知，本段介绍了如何才能设计出一个好的标志G项意为“标志设计师需要知道，人们只会记住他们认为是值得的”选项内容能够承接上文，是对标志设计师提出的一个建议，要想设计出一个好的标志，需要知道人们只会记住他们认为是值得的东西，“人们只会记住他们认为是值得的”正是上文提到的“其他因素”之一故选G第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节阅读表达（共4小题；第
1、2题各2分，第3题3分，第4题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题Most young people areaccustomedtohaving onlineprofiles ontheir mobile devices,such assmart phones,pads,and laptops.These devicescontain asignificant amountof informationabout themand theirfriends andfamily,including contactnumbers,photos andlocations.Since they are exposed to cybermore frequently,youngpeople needtobe aware ofcyber threatsand have a goodunderstanding of cybersecurity,the measurestaken toprotect systems,networks,devices,and programsfrom digitalattacks.Cybersecurity expertscontinually identifythe use of strong,unique passwordsas oneof theirtop remendations.However,because young people have been usingpasswords onlinefor mostof theirlives,they mightnot havestoppedto thinkabouthowunsafe theirpasswords actuallyare.Indeed,strong passphrases,passcodes orother featuressuchas touchidentification tolock theirdevices can help protecttheir informationif theirdevices arelostor stolen.Public wirelessnetworks arewidely usednowadays,however,they arenot safe,which meansthat anyonecouldpossibly see what you are doing on your laptop or smart phone while you are connectedto them.Young peopleshouldlimit whattheydo on public WiFi,and avoidlogging into personalaccounts likeemail andEpay.If needingasafer connection,they shouldconsider usinga virtualprivate network（VPN）orapersonal mobile hotspot.Finally,information onhow toact onlineis importantfor thesafety ofyoung people.They shouldbe taughtthatthey shouldadd“friends”on social media onlyif theyknow whohe orshe is.They shouldalso bemadeaware thatposting picturesof otherpeople withouttheir permissionmight getthemselves intotrouble.Starting to use thesemethods andraising thecertain awarenessofcybersecurityat anearly agecandramatically improvethe securityofayoung persons onlinelife.
40.What iscybersecurity
41.What isthe possibledanger ofconnecting topublic wirelessnetworks
42.Read thefollowing statement,underline thefalse partof itand explainthe reason.Experts continuallyremend youngpeople touse passwords frequently because theylack securityawareness.
43.Please brieflypresent whatyou cando toimprove yourcybersecurity,about40words【答案】
40.Cybersecurity isthe measurestaken to protect systems,networks,devices,and programsfrom digitalattacks./The measurestaken toprotect systems,networks,devices,and programsfrom digitalattacks./Themeasures taken toprotect your personal information online.
41.Anyone could possibly seewhatyouare doingon yourlaptop or smart phone./What youare doingon yourmobiledevices will be exposedto otherpeople./Their personalinformation may leak outbe unsafe.
42.Experts continuallyrevend youngpeople touspasswords frequentlybecause theylack securityawareness.In spiteof frequentuse ofpasswords online,youngpeoplemay notbe awareof howunsafe theirpasswords actuallyare.So expertscontinually remendthem touse strong,unique passwords.
43.Firstly,I willdesign strongpasswords tounlock mymobile phone.Also,when inpublic places,I choosetouse mymobile hotspotrather thanpublic WiFi.Besides,if strangersask meto add“friends”on WeChat,Itend torefuse.43words【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了一些提高网络安全的办法【40题详解】考查细节理解根据文章第一段“Since theyare exposedto cybermore frequently,youngpeopleneedtobe awareofcyber threatsand havea goodunderstanding ofcybersecurity,the measurestaken toprotect systems,networks,devices,and programsfrom digitalattacks.由于他们更频繁地接触网络，年轻人需要意识到网络威胁，并充分了解网络安全，即为保护系统、网络、设备和程序免受数字攻击而采取的措施”可知，网络安全是为保护系统、网络、设备和程序免受数字攻击而采取的措施故答案为Cybersecurity isthe measurestaken toprotectsystems,networks,devices,and programsfrom digitalattacks./The measurestaken toprotectsystems,networks,devices,and programsfrom digitalattacks./The measurestakentoprotectyourpersonalinformationonline.【41题详解】考查细节理解根据文章第三段“Public wirelessnetworks arewidely usednowadays,however,theyarenot safe,which meansthat anyonecouldpossibly seewhatyouare doingon yourlaptoporsmartphonewhileyouareconnectedto them.现在公共无线网络应用广泛，但并不安全这意味着当
1.A.win B.enjoy C.share D.relax
2.A.challenging B.missing C.wrong D.dangerous
3.A.return B.leave C.appear D.stay
4.A.sport B.activity C.picture D.accident
5.A.when B.why C.who D.what
6.A.prepare B.catch C.fort D.measure
7.A.clearer B.easier C.heavier D.worse
8.A.watching B.expecting C.ignoring D.changing
9.A.voice B.story C.sound D.idea10Acollapse B.resist C.fall D.escape..【答案】
1.A
2.C
3.B
4.A
5.D
5.B
7.D
8.A
9.C
10.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文文章讲述作者参加一次滑冰全国比赛时，脑海中想到的是自己摔倒的画面比赛时，作者摔倒了，却赢得了观众热烈的掌声这让作者意识到，自己在比赛时只顾想着如何避免摔倒，而忽视了自己内心对滑冰运动的热爱【1题详解】考查动词词义辨析句意每个人都希望我能赢A.win赢；B.enjoy喜欢，享受；C.share分享；D.relax放松根据前一句Reporters hadbeen sayingthat Ilooked unbeatable.”可知，因为记者们说作者不可被战胜，所以此处表示每个人都期待作者会赢得比赛故选A【2题详解】考查形容词词义辨析句意但我知道有些事情不对劲，因为我一直无法摆脱脑海里的画面:我摔倒的画面A.challenging挑战的；B.missing失踪的；C.wrong错误的，不对的；D.dangerous危险的根据后文ubecause Icouldn，tgetthis onepicture outof myhead:a pictureof me,falling.”可矢口,因为作者脑海里一直有自己摔倒的画面，所以此处表示作者感觉事情有些不对劲故选C【3题详解】考查动词词义辨析句意但是这个画面不会被遗忘A.return返回；B.leave遗忘；C.appear出现；D.stay停留根据前文“Gaway,『dsay.和转折连词but可知,作者摔倒的画面一直挥之不去故选Bo【4题详解】考查名词词义辨析句意这只是一项运动°A.sport运动；B.activity活动；C.picture照片；D.accident事故根据前文Have fun,Michael!可知，因为作者在参加滑冰比赛，作者自我安慰，告诉自己这你是连接公共无线网络时，任何人都可能看到你在笔记本电脑或智能上做什么）”可知，连接到公共无线网络可能存在的危险是任何人都可能看到你在笔记本电脑或智能上做什么故答案为Anyone couldpossiblyseewhatyouare doingonyour laptoporsmartphone./What youaredoingon yourmobiledeviceswillbeexposedtootherpeople./Theirpersonal informationmayleakout（be unsafe）.【42题详解】考查推理判断所给陈述aExperts continually remend youngpeopletouse passwords frequentlybecause they lacksecurityawareness.”意为“专家不断建议年轻人频繁使用密码，因为他们缺乏安全意识”根据文章第二段^Cybersecurity expertscontinually identifythe useof strong,unique passwordsas oneof theirtop remendations.However,because youngpeople have been usingpasswords onlinefor mostof theirlives,they mightnot havestoppedto thinkabouthowunsafe theirpasswords actuallyare.（网络安全专家不断将使用强大、独特的密码作为他们的首要建议之一然而，由于年轻人大部分时间都在网上使用密码，他们可能不会停下来思考自己的密码到底有多不安全）”可知，专家并不是不断建议年轻人频繁使用密码，而是不断建议他们使用强大、独特的密码，因为尽管经常在网上使用密码,年轻人可能没有意识到他们的密码实际上有多不安全由此可知，所给陈述的uExperts continuallyremend youngpeopletousepasswordsfrequentlyv部分是错误的，因为尽管经常在网上使用密码，年轻人可能没有意识到他们的密码实际上有多不安全故答案为Experts continuallyremendyoungpeopleto usepasswordsfrequentlybecausetheylack securityawareness.In spiteof frequentuseofpasswords online,youngpeoplemay notbeawareofhowunsafe theirpasswords actuallyare.So expertscontinuallyremendthem tousestrong,unique passwords.【43题详解】开放题题目让我们简要介绍你可以做些什么来提高你的网络安全本题属于开放性试题，根据自己的理解，言之有理，符合文章内容即可根据文章第二段关键句Indeed,strong passphrases,passcodes orother featuressuchas touchidentification tolock theirdevices canhelp protecttheir informationif theirdevices arelostor stolen.（事实上，如果他们的设备丢失或被盗，强大的通行码、密码或其他功能，如用于锁定设备的触摸识别，可以帮助保护他们的信息）”可知，我们可以通过设计强大的密码来解锁我的设备，在设备丢失或被盗时可以帮助保护我们的信息、；根据文章第三段关键句uYoung peopleshould limitwhattheydoonpublic Wi Fi,and avoidlogging into personalaccounts likeemailand Epay.If needinga saferconnection,they shouldconsider usinga virtualprivate network（VPN）orapersonalmobile hotspot.（年轻人应该限制他们在公共Wi Fi上的行为，避免登录电子邮件和Epay等个人账户如果需要更安全的连接，他们应该考虑使用虚拟专用网（VPN）或个人移动热点）”可知，为了提高网络安全，在公共场所，我们选择使用虚拟专用网或移动热点，而不是公共WiFi；根据文章倒数第二段关键句They shouldbe taughtthatthey shouldadd“friends”on socialmedia onlyif theyknow whohe orshe is.They shouldalso bemadeaware thatposting picturesof otherpeople withouttheir permissionmight getthemselves intotrouble.（应该教导他们，只有矢口道对方是谁，才能在社交媒体上添加“朋友”他们还应该意识到，未经允许张贴他人照片可能会给自己带来麻烦）”可知，如果陌生人要在社交媒体上加我们为“朋友”，我们应该拒绝故答案为Firstly,I willdesign strongpasswords tounlock mymobile phone.Also,when inpublic places,I choosetouse mymobilehotspotrather thanpublicWiFi.Besides,if strangersask meto add“friends“on WeChat,Itend torefuse.（43words）第二节应用文写作（共20分）
44.假如你是红星中学高三学生李华你的英国笔友Chris和你都喜欢观察和记录生活他在邮件中询问你记录生活的方式，请你回复邮件，内容包括
1.你记录生活的方式（日记、vlog等）；
2.你的感受与收获注意
1.词数不少于100字；
3.开头和结尾已经给出，不计入词数Dear Chris,Yours,Li Hua【答案】Possible version1:Dear Chris,How iseverything goingKnowing that you recurious abouthow Itake arecord of my life,I mmore thanhappy to share it with you.Since Iwas alittle child,I vebeen friendswith diary,with whomI canshare my deepest feelings andthoughts.When Iread mydiary page by page,all mymemories flashback clearlyto me.It,sa really valuablerecord of mygrowth.Nowadays,many teenagersaround meprefer toshare theirvlogs onthe socialmedia likebilibili orWeChatmomets.But as for me,diary is like wine,the longer,the better.It willbe my lifelasting friend.What aboutyou I m looking forward to your earliestreply.（129words）Yours,Li HuaPossibleversion2:Dear Chris,How areyou doingIt sa pleasureto receiveyour emailasking meabout the ways Irecord mydaily lifeandIdlove toshare themwith you.I havedeveloped ahabit ofkeeping adiary sinceIwas young.My diary is notonly theplace whereI takedownwhatever happensto mebut abest friendwho I can tellmydeepest feelingsand thoughts to.Recently,I havebeen experimentingwith vlog,which,asyouknow,is anincreasingly popularway ofrecordinglife.Videoing thecherished momentsand sharingthem onsocialmediais suchan experiencethat Ihave gainedgreatpleasure fromit.In myopinion,whatever theway is,it isto prepareyou tohaveataste ofthe beauty of life.What doyouthink of itI amlookingforward toyourreply.Yours,Li Hua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国笔友Chris回封邮件，告诉他你记录生活的方式【详解】第一步审题体裁应用文时态根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时结构总分总法要求
1.你记录生活的方式（日记、vlog等）;
2.你的感受与收获第二步列提纲（重点词组）be curious about；take arecord of；share・・・with・「be friendswith；pageby page；asfor；look forwardto第三步连词成句
1.Knowing that you recurious abouthow Itake arecord ofmy life,I mmorethanhappytoshareit withyou.
2.Since Iwas alittle child,I vebeen friendswith diary,with whomI canshare mydeepestfeelingsandthoughts.
3.When Iread mydiary pageby page,all mymemories flashback clearlyto me.
4.It sareallyvaluable recordofmygrowth.
5.Nowadays,many teenagersaround meprefer toshare theirvlogs onthe socialmedia likebilibili orWeChatmoments.
6.But asfor me,diaryislike wine,the longer,the better.
7.It willbe mylifelasting friend.
8.Im lookingforwardtoyour earliestreply.根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题第四步连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表文章结构顺序First ofall,Firstly/First,Secondly/Secon序供参考）
2.表并列补充关系What ismore,Besides,Moreover,Furthermore,In addition（供参考）
3.表转折对比关系But
4.表因果关系Because,As,So,Thus,Therefore,As aresult（供参考）连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，【点睛】[高分句型1]Knowing thatyourecuriousabouthow Itake arecordofmylife,Immorethanhappyto shareitwithyou.（现在分词knowing作状语）[高分句型2]Since Iwasalittle child,I vebeen friendswith diary,with whomIcanshare mydeepest feelingsandthoughts,（with whom引导非限制性定语从句）[高分句型3]When Iread mydiary pagebypage,all mymemories flashback clearlyto me.（when引导时间状语从句）只是一项运动故选A【5题详解】考查连接词辨析句意这个动作我已经练习了很多次了，我根本不用去想接下来会发生什么A.when何时；B.why为何；C.who谁；D.what什么分析句子结构可知，空处需用连接词引导宾语从句，从句缺少主语，表示具体的内容，所以空处需用连接代词what引导宾语从句故选D【6题详解】考查动词词义辨析句意我把一只手放在冰上想支撑住自己，但没有用A.prepare准备；B.catch接住，抓住；C.fort安慰；D.measure测量根据前文“But whenI camedown fromthe jump,my footslipped fromunderme.可知，因为作者脚滑了，所以他想用手支撑住自己故选B【7题详解】考查形容词词义辨析句意情况越来越糟A.clearer更清楚；B.easier更简单；C.heavier更差；D.worse更糟糕根据后文“On atriple flip（三周跳）I spunthroughtheair,and justasIlanded,my wholebody wentdown again.可知，在三个翻转中，作者在空中旋转，就在落地的时候，作者的整个身体又沉了下去由此可知，情况变得更糟糕故选D【8题详解】考查动词词义辨析句意我就在那里，平躺在冰上，全世界都在注视着我A.watching观看；B.Expecting期待；C.ignoring忽视；D.changing改变根据前文“my wholebody wentdownagain.”可知，因为作者摔倒在地，所以作者感觉全世界都在注视着自己故选A【9题详解】考查名词词义辨析句意但当我站起来时，我听到一个惊人的声音A.voice声音（多指人的嗓音）；B.story故事；C.sound声音（自然界的各种声音）；D.idea想法根据后文People wereclapping intime tothemusic.”可知,此处需用sound表示人们的掌声故选C【10题详解】考查动词词义辨析句意我忙着不让自己跌倒，以至于忘记了感受我心中的感受一一对滑冰的热爱A.collapse崩溃，倒塌；B.resist抵制；C.fall摔倒；D.escape逃跑根据前文“a pictureofme,falling.可知，作者一直想着自己是否会摔倒，所以此处需用动词fall,表示作者只想着是否会摔倒，忘记了自己对滑冰运动的热爱故选C第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题分，共15分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空Once upona time,inasmall townlived aman whocouldn，t see.Yet,he carrieda lighted lamp withhim wheneverhewent atnight.One night,he came11a groupof travelers.One ofthem askedhim,“Hey,man!You can，t seeanything!Why doyou carrya lightedlamp then”The blindman replied,“Yes,12unfortunate,I amblindbut thelightedlampI amcarrying isfor peoplelike youwho cansee.You maynot seeme ingand endup knockingintome.That is13T carrya lightedlamp.”【答案】
11.across
12.unfortunately
13.why【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文文章讲述了一个盲人拿着一盏点燃的灯为别人照明的故事【11题详解】考查固定短语句意一天晚上，他遇到一群旅行者e across偶遇，遇到，固定短语故填across【12题详解】考查副词句意是的，不幸的是，我是盲人但我手里的灯是为像你这样能看见的人准备的分析句子结构可知，空处需用副词作状语修饰空后整个句子，unfortunate的副词为unfortunately“不幸地”故填unfortunatelyo【13题详解】考查表语从句句意这就是我拿着一盏点燃的灯的原因分析句子结构可知，空处需用连接词引导表语从句，此处是对拿着一盏点燃的灯的原因进行解释说明，所以空处需用连接副词why引导故填whyB阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空In recentyears,Chinese literaturehas gainedmore popularityworldwide.An increasingnumber ofChineseliterary works14translate intomultiple languages,including English,French,Japanese andRussian,and readbypeople fromcountries andregions15involve inthe Beltand RoadInitiative一带一路”倡议.Not onlyhavethe16story fromChina，s pastmade theirway throughtime,but thebeautyofthe languagehas drawntheworld，s attention.【答案】
14.havebeentranslated/were translated
15.involved
16.stories【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文文章主要讲述中国文学在世界范围内越来越受欢迎【14题详解】考查被动语态和主谓一致句意越来越多中国文学作品被翻译成英、法、日、俄等多种语言，被“一带一路”沿线国家和地区的人们阅读空处需用动词作谓语，根据句意可知，空处谓语动词可以用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done,表示过去被翻译，此处也可以用现在完成时态的被动语态has/havebeendone,表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，主语是复数works,所以此处be动词需用were,助动词需用have故填have beentranslatedwere translatedo【15题详解】考查非谓语动词句意同上本句已有谓语动词translate,且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词作后置定语修饰名词countries andregions,表示被动需用过去分词involved作后置定语故填involved【16题详解】考查名词复数句意不仅来自中国历史的故事穿越了时间的长河，而且语言的美丽吸引了全世界的注意由空前助动词have可知，空处需用名词story的复数作主语故填storiesoC阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空Last JulyChina，s manned submersible载人潜艇Fendouzhe17dive10,909meters deepinthe MarianaTrench.This isthe18deep diving record fora Chinesemannedsubmersible.The pressureunderwateris verystrong,19islikean elephantstanding onthe tipof yourfinger.Fendouzhe cancarry upto threepeople.The eggshape makesit easier for thescientists20move aroundand studythe sea.【答案】
17.dived/dove
18.deepest
19.which
20.to move【解析】【分析】这是一篇新闻报道文章报道了中国载人潜水器“奋斗者”号实现最深潜水记录【17题详解】考查动词时态句意去年7月，中国“奋斗者”号载人潜水器潜入马里亚纳海沟10909米深处由时间状语Last July可知，空处谓语动词需用一般过去时，dive的过去式为dived/dove故填dived或dove【18题详解】考查形容词最高级句意这是中国载人潜水器的最深潜水记录根据空后divingrecordforaChinese mannedsubmersible.v和空前定冠词the可知，空处形容词需用其最高级形式deepest,表示最深潜水记录故填deepest【19题详解】考查定语从句句意水下的压力非常大，就像一头大象站在你的指尖上分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的整个句子，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以空处需用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句故填whicho[20题详解】考查非谓语动词句意:对于科学家们来说，卵形潜水器更容易四处走动和研究海洋Make iteasierforsb.todo sth.使某人更容易做某事，固定搭配，此处it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式，所以空处需用动词不定式作宾语故填tomove第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节阅读理解（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑AVarious Appsto LearnAppsaretypicaldigital learning tools,which cangive youdiverse andpersonalized contentto meetyourneeds.Want tofind anapp thatcanhelpyou learnHere aresome greatideas foryou.Khan Academyallows youto learnalmost anythingfor free.It coverssubjectssuch asmath,physics,biology,and evenputer science.The realmagic ofthis appis thatyou can learn at your own pace.You canreview subjectsthatyouarenotgoodat,or startlearning asubject youlike.KHANT yThe appis inEnglish.If youwanttosee itstranslation youcan visit://open.
163./khan.A C^A DMBrainPOP mixeslearning andtechnology ina funand simpleway.Its freeand teachesyousomething newevery day.From thesolar systemto DNA,each topicstarts withaninteresting cartoonmovie.After youvewatched it,youcantake atest tosee howmuchyouve learned.Udemy isa learnon demandvwebsite andapp.It isfor careerorientedindividuals tostarttheir coursepricing at$10,
99.This appallows youthe flexibilityto takeyourdemy time ona course you purchase over thecourse ofseveral months,without worryingaboutacademy ofyou*recurring（重复的）payments beforeyou finish.This flexiblelearning appallows youtotake thingsslow,fast,or anywhereinbetween withplete controlonyourend.Duolingo isthe premierleader inlanguage educationfor learningapps.You canlearnto speak29different languages,all atthe touchofabutton.You11be invitedto notonly read new words,but tospeak them.You11learn grammarand conversational strategies.This apphelps you learn tomunicate witha newportion ofits inhabitants!
21.According tothe passage,what appsallow youto learnat yourspeedA.Subjects reviewing.B.Speaking practice.AC..KTheacnhnAiccaadlemsyupapnodrtU.demy.BD..UCdaermeyerantdraDiunoilnign.go.C.Khan Academyand BrainPOP.D.BrainPOP andDuolingo.
22.What canDuolingo offerits users
23.What isthe purposeofthepassageA.To parethe differenceof differentlearning methods.B.To introducethe developmentof learningtechnology.C.To helpfind thesuitable learningapps.D.To providevarious learningactivities.【答案】
21.A
22.B
23.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文文章介绍了适合学习者的四款应用程序【21题详解】细节理解题根据表格一中“The realmagic ofthis appisthatyoucanlearnatyourownpace.（这个应用程序的真正魔力在于，你可以按照自己的节奏学习）”和表格三的内容“This appallows youthe flexibilitytotake yourtimeonacourseyoupurchaseoverthecourseofseveralmonths,without worryingabout recurring（重复的）payments beforeyou finish.（这个应用程序允许你在几个月的时间里灵活地花时间在你购买的课程上，而不必担心课程结束前的重复付款）”可知，Khan Academy和Udemy应用程序可以让你按照自己的节奏学习故选A【22题详解】细节理解题根据最后一个表格“You’11be invitedto notonlyreadnewwords,but tospeak them.You，11learngrammar andconversationalstrategies.This apphelps youlearn tomunicate witha newportion ofits inhabitants!（你不仅会被邀请读生词，而且会说你将学习语法和会话策略这个应用程序帮助你学会与新的居民沟通！）”可知，Duolingo这款应用程序会给用户提供英语口语练习故选Bo【23题详解】推理判断题根据第一段“Want tofind anapp thatcanhelpyoulearnHere aresome greatideas foryou.（想找一个可以帮助你学习的应用程序吗？这里有一些好主意给你）”可知，这篇文章的目的是帮助找到合适的学习应用程序故选CBRecycling ElectronicWasteWhen AlexLin was11years old,he readan alarmingarticle inthe newspaperwhichsaidthatpeoplewereburying oldputers inbackyards,throwing TVsinto streams,and dumping（丢弃）cell phonesinthegarbage.This wasdangerous becauseewaste containsharmful chemicalsthatcanleak intothe environment,getting intocrops,animals,water supplies一and people.Alex wasreally worriedand decidedto makeit nextproject forWIN—the WesterlyInnovations Network.Alexand sixof his friends hadformed thisorganization tohelp solvemunity problemstwo yearsbefore.But whatcould theydo aboutthis projectwith ewasteThe teamspent severalweeksgatheringinformationabout theharmful chemicalsin ewasteand theireffects onhumans.They learnedhow todispose（处置）of ewasteproperlyand howit couldbe recycled.Then,they sentouta survey andfound onlyone ineight knewwhat ewastewas,let alonehow toproperly disposeofit.Alex andhisfriendswent intoaction.They advertisedinthelocal newspaperand distributednoticesto students,asking residentsto bringtheir unwantedelectronics tothe schoolparkinglot.The drivelasted twodays,and theycollected over9,500kilograms of ewaste.The nextstep wasto setup alongterm ewastedropoff centerforthetown.After someresearch,theydlearned thatreusing isthebestway todeal withelectronic devicesand itis seventimesmore efficientthan recycling.So,they beganlearningtorefurbish（翻新）puters themselvesanddistributed themto studentswho didnt havetheir own.In thisway,they couldhelp studentsinthe areaand protectthe environmentatthesame time.For alasting solutionto ewaste,the dropoffcenter wasn,t enough.Laws wouldhavetobepassed.In2016,WIN helpedpush foran ewastebill intheir town,which requiredpanies thatmanufacturedor soldelectronics totake backewaste.The billclearly forbidsthe dumpingofewaste.Because ofthe workof WIN,moreandmore people,like Alexandhisteam,are gettingthemessage aboutsafedisposalofewaste.As Alex says,“Today stechnology shouldnot beetomorrowsharmful garbage.”
24.What wasAlexsworry afterhe readthe articleAThe litteringofewaste.B.The recyclingof plastic.C.The changeof environment.D.The overuseof oldputers.A.Set upWIN.B.Collect information.C.Ask friendsfor help.D.Carry outasurvey.
26.Which canbest describethewayAlexandhisteamdid theirworkA.Traditional.B.petitive.C.Scientific.D.Convenient.
27.What messagedoes thestory conveyA.There isno endto perfection.B.Success esthrough failure.
25.What didAlex doto startthe projectC.Every positiveattitude hasa reward.D.Young peoplecan makea bigdifference.【答案】
24.A
25.B
26.C
27.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文文章主要讲述了几个十几岁的年轻人为了避免电子垃圾对环境造成的影响，想。
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