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（总稿）人教版高一英语新教材必修一单元同步语法讲练
2019、
八、A刖S语法是英语教学中很重要的一部分，尽管很多人主张“淡化语法教学”，但是，语法知识渗透在阅读、写作等各个方面，是学英语过程中绕不过去的一个坎儿如果把英语看成一棵大树，词汇是枝叶，语法则是树干，是一颗枝繁叶茂的大树的根基一般来说，语法掌握不好的同学可能会达到120分，但是很难达到130分以上，因此，只有扎实掌握语法知识,才能达到很高的水平但是，一提到语法，就会觉得语法是最麻烦的，零散杂乱，不好记,不会用其实，只要把语法用法梳理归类，使其条理化、系统化，就很容易学习和掌握了本“单元同步语法讲练”具有以下特点L语法讲解思路清晰、知识条理、系统完整（便于学生理解和掌握）
2.训练题目具有科学性、灵活性、典型性和针对性（便于学生巩固和运用）
3.教师直接用作教案，学生直接用作学案目录Welcome Unit句子结构Unit1名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语Unit2现在进行时表示将来Unit3附加疑问句Unit4定语从句
（一）一关系代词的用法Unit5定语从句
（二）一关系副词的用法Welcome Unit句子结构一.句子成分根据英语词汇在英语句子中的地位和作用，英语句子的成分主要有八种，分别是主语、谓语、宾语、补足语（主补和宾补）、表语、定语、状语以及同位语
1.主语表示句子所要说明名词、代Thn teacheris verykind to us.老师对我们很好或描述的人或事物，词、数词、We willgo outto pickapples.我们要出去摘苹果是动作的执行者，动名词、Now everythingis ready.现在一切都准备好了置于句首不定式、12divided by3is
4.12除以3等于
4.从句Seeing isbelieving.眼见为实Early to bed andearly torise makesa manhealthy.早睡早起身体好When thnexchnnne studentswill come to ourschool isnotknown.我们学校的交换生何时来还不知道
2.谓语说明或描述主语的动词或动Her grandfatherbought acar in
2017.动作、状态或特征，词短语2017年他爷爷买了一辆小汽车位于主语之后谓We cancommunicate withothers byWechat.语和主语在“人我们可以通过微信和别人交流称”和“数”两方1will callon youtomorrow morning.面必须一致明天早上我要去拜访你She feelsquite happy.她感到很开心在所修饰的形容词之后Tom ismuch morefriendly andhe hasmore friends.汤姆（对人）更友好，他有更多的朋友This coatwas muchtoo expensive.这件人我太贵了This moviewasnt interestinqenouqh.这部电影不足够有趣You cant be carefulenouqh.你怎么小心也不为过His facewas whitewith anger.他的脸气得发白
2.形容词+介词短The bottleis fullof water.瓶子里装满了水语
3.形容词+He issure to come,他一定会来的不定式短语He iseager to see hisparents.他急切地想见到父母
（二）形容词短语的功能形容词短语在句中当作形容词用，一般可用作定语（修饰名词或代词）、表语、宾语补足语或状语My little sister is a verycurious girland shealways asksme strangequestions.L作定语我的小妹妹是一个好奇心强的女孩，她总是问我奇怪的问题Tom is a studentalways readyto help others.汤姆是个学生，总是乐于助人
2.作表语The sweateris tooexpensive,and1dont haveenough moneyto buyit.刃B件毛衣太贵了，我没有足够的钱买Robot isso busythat heeven has no time to staywith hischildren atweekends.罗伯特如此忙，以至于周末他没有时间和孩子待在一起He cantdo anything,hes completelygood fornothing!他什么都干不了，一点也没用Helping othersmakes usvery proud.帮助别人使我们非常自豪
3.作宾语1find thebook easyto understand.我发现这本书很好懂补足语
4.作状语After thelong journey,the threeof themwent backhome,hungry rndtired.长途旅行后他们三人回家了，又累又饿Curious enough,Danny openedthe boxto seewhat wasin it.出于好奇，丹尼打开了那只盒子，想看看里面是什么三.副词短语指以一个副词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于副词副词短语通常是由副词及其修饰语构成（-）副词短语的组成副词+副词He runsvery quickly.他跑的很快注意:very,quite,extremely等程度副词修You arespeaking too fast.Can youspeak alittle more饰副词时，放在所修饰的副词之前;slowlyenough修饰副词时,放在所修饰的副词之你说得太快了，你能说慢一点儿吗？后You speakclearly enough.1can followyou.你讲得足够清楚，我能听懂
（二）副词短语的功能
1.修饰动词He speaksEnglish quitefluently.他英语说得很流利
2.修饰形容词The instructionson the box arereally veryconfusing.盒子上的使用说明令人费解
3.修饰副词The firespread fartoofast.大火蔓延得太快了
4.修饰句子Luckily enougwe won the first prize for the competition.足够幸运的是，我们获得了比赛的第一名总之，短语是英语中较大的词块，灵活地掌握词块,对丰富学生的词汇量，提高学生的阅读和写作水平会起到事半功倍的作用现在进行时表示将来Unit2一.现在进行时表示将来的用法英语中还可以用现在进行时（be doing）表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作主要用于以下两种情况:1表示位置移动的动词的进Mary isleaving forBeijing onFriday.行时表将来,如:go,come,玛丽星期五要动身去北京leave,start,begin,arrive,My uncleis comingback fromabroad next week.return,move,fly,take off等我叔叔下周要从国外回来了一Hurry up!The movieis beginning.快点，电影就要开始了一Dont worry.There isstill alittle timeleft不用担心，还有一点时间Ladies andgentlemen,please fastenyour seatbelts.The planeistaking off.女士们，先生们，请系好安全带飞机就要起飞了What areyou doingfor theNational Dayholiday国庆节假期你计划干什么？We rerenting acar anddriving!2有些不表示位置移动的动我们要租辆车开车去！—Are youeating at the park你们要在公园吃饭吗？词的进行时也可以表将来，如—Fm bringingmy ownlunch.我自带午餐do,get,rent,meet,bring,eat,We arehaving afew guestsover tomorrow.明天有几位客人要来have,meet,play,see,stay,Food suppliesin theflood-stricken areaare runningout.We mustactimmediately beforetheres noneleft.灾区的食物快要吃完了，在吃完wear,work,run out等之前，我们必须立刻行动二.一般将来时的几种表达法初中阶段学习过will/shall do和be going to do的形式表示将来意义英语中还可以用be to do和beabouttodo以及一般现在时和现在进行时形式表示将来意义
（1）will do（主语为
①将要发生的动作He will be thirtynext year.明年他就30岁了或存在的状态（单纯第一人称时可shall）With thedevelopment ofscience andtechnology,表将来）robot cookswill appearin ourfamilies in the future.随着科技的发展，未来机器人厨师会出现在家庭中—Excuse me,what timedoes Flight BA2793leave打
②未经过预先计划扰了，波音2793航班何时起飞？或考虑要做的动作（临时决定要做）—Just aminute.I willcheck itfor you.请稍等，我现在就帮你看一下一Ann isin hospital.安住院了一Oh,really I didnt know.I willgo andvisit her.真的吗？我不知道啊，我要去探望她
①表示计划、打算干We are going tovisit the Great Wallwith theexchange2be going to do某事（事先考虑）students thisweekend.周末我们打算和交换生去参观长城There is going to be afolk musicconcert inBeijingOpera Theater next month.下个月在北京剧院有一场民族音乐会
②表示有迹象表Look at the darkclouds.It is going torain.看这乌云，要下雨了明要发生的动作Oh,its8:
20.Im goingto belate for my class.现在是8点20分我上课要迟到了
（3）be todo（可以和
①表示按计划、安排The examinationis totake placenext week.下周要举行考试具体的时间状语连用）即将发生的动作The studentsare to meet at the schoolgatetomorrow.明天学生们将在学校大门口集会If you are tosucceed,you mustwork ashard as
②用于时间、条件状possible.如果你想要成功，比必须努力工作语从句中，表示“如果要……，想要……（）4be about todoWe areabouttostart.我们就要出发了表示即将要发生的（不与具体的时间状The newschool yearis aboutto begin.新学年开学在动作语连用）即
（5）一般现在时表
①表示按时间表Look at the timetable.Hurry up!Flight4026takes offat18:
20.你看看时刻表，快点！4026次航班的起飞将来规定将要发生的时间是下午6点20分Jane isin ahurry becausethe trainto theairport动作常限于表示位leaves inhalf anhour.简很匆忙,因为去机场的火车半小时后出发置移动的短暂性动词We willgo for a picnicif itdoesnt rain this Sunday.如
②在时间、条件或让果本周日不下雨，我们将去野餐步状语从句中，用一Please tellhim the news as soon ashe arrives.他一来，你就告诉他这个消息般现在时表将来6现在进行时表表示按计划、安排将将来要发生的动作Fm meetingPeter tonight.He istaking meto thetheatre.今天晚上我要跟彼得会面他要带我去看戏Fm leavingtonight.Fve got my planeticket.我今天晚上就要动身了，已经买好了机票The engineeris comingto repairour phonetomorrowmorning.修理工明天上午来修我们的电话【巩固训练】单项选择
1.The TVnews reportsthat therea stormthe dayafter tomorrowA.is B.was C.will beD.has be
2.-The weatherreport saysthat ittomorrow inmost partsof Anshuncity.-If it,the schoolsports meetwill becanceled.A.will rain;will rainB.will rain;rains C.rains;will rainD.rains;rains
3.There afolk musicconcert inXinjiang OperaTheaternextmonth.A.isgoingto haveB.will have C.is D.isgoingto be
1.1think it is truethat Jillto worktoday because she ison atrip.A.has comeB.didnt comeC.is comingD.will notcome
5.一I heardyour fatherhad goneto Beijingon business.一Yes.And hein threeweeks.A.will return B.has returned C.returned D.returns
6.—Have youwatched thenew movieKung FuPanda3,Kelly—Not yet.I itwith my classmate tonight.A.will watchB.was watchingC.have watched
7.Just godown thisroad andyou the library nextto thebank.A.see B.saw C.have seenD.will see
8.We have a picnictogether withour teachersnext Thursday.A.are goingB.aregoingto C.will goingD.may goingto
9.Many scientistsbelieve thatrobots able to talklike humansin50years.A.were B.are C.will beD.have been
10.—Did youcall Jenny—Oh no,I forgot.I herright away.A.called B.have calledC.call D.will call
11.If wetake environmentalproblems seriously,the earthworse andworse.A.dont;wont beB.wont;isnt C.wont;is D.dont;will be
12.The summerholidays,so thetwins as well asJack aregoingtoHong Kongfor vacation.A.is comingB.are comingC.comes D.come
13.Km busynow.I toyou afterschool this afternoon.A.talk B.talked C.w川talk D.have talked
14.—I hopethere lesspressure onus today.—If so,we enjoya morepleasant life.A.is;can B.will be;can C.willbe;should D.is;should
15.一Have youreturned thebook to thelibraryyet—Not yet.Dont worry.I itsoon.A.returnB.returnedC.have returnedD.will return
16.Stop smoking,Joe!You yourselfif youkeep ondoing itlike that!A.will killB.have killedC.kill D.killed
17.—Do you have anyplans fortonight—Yes Jat thenew Italianrestaurant intown.A.eat B.have eatenC.ate D.am goingto eat
18.——Which singerdo you think theVoice of China——Im notsure.There arestill3rounds to come.A.won B.has wonC.will winD.wins
19.FlightBA2793at8:
20.Hurry up!A.leaves B.left C.has leftD.leaving
20.Jenny onholiday now.I wonderwhen sheback.A.is being;comes B.is;is comingC.w川be;will come答案:1-5CBDDA6-10ADBCD11-15DBCBD16-20ADCAB附加疑问句Unit3附加疑问句，又称反意疑问句，主要用于口语，其作用是说话人向对方验证自己的陈述或者判断，也可以用于祈使句表示请求或者建议一.附加疑问句的组成附加疑问句由两部分组成前一部分是陈述部分，后一部分是附加疑问部分，两部分的人称和时态应保持一致附加疑问部分一般由助动词、be动词或情态动词和表示主语的代词构成
（一）基本组成方法You oftenplay badminton,dont you你经常打羽毛球，是吗
1.肯定式陈述部分+否定附加疑问部分You aregoingto the gymwith me,arent you你要和我一起去健身房，是吗？（前肯后否）Shes been to shanghaibefore,hasnt she她以前去过上海，是吗？
2.否定式陈述部分+It isnta beautifulflower,is it那不是美丽的花,是吗肯定附加疑问部分You didntgo skatingyesterday,did you你昨天没去滑冰,是吗？They cant（前否后肯）finish itby Friday,can they他们不能在星期五之前完成，是吗？
3.含有否定词的附1当陈述句中含有seldom,He hardlygoes toschool bycar,does he他加疑问句hardly,never,rarely,little,few,几乎不开车去上学，是吗？none,neither，no,not,nowhere,You have never been to Paris,have you你nothing no one,nobody等否定意从没去过巴黎，是吗？义的词时，后面的附加疑问句则They seldomcome late,do they为肯定形式他们很少迟到，是吗？Little has been doneto preventpollution,has it几乎没有做什么来防止污染，是吗？2如果陈述句中仅含否定前缀He isunfit for his job,isnt he的词unhappy,dislike,impossible他不适合这项工作，是吗？等,则后面的附加疑问句仍为否定It isimpossible,isnt it那不可能，是吗？形式He dislikeshis classmates,doesnt he他不喜欢他的同学，是吗？Come alongwith me,will you/wont
4.祈使句的附加疑1肯定的祈使句的附加疑问句you/can you/cant you问句在句末加“will you/wontyou/can you/cant you跟我来，好吗？2否定的祈使句的附加疑问句Dont make any noise,will you通常在句末加〃w川you〃别出声，好吗？Lets goand listento themusic,shall we1Lets开头的祈使句，附加疑问句用shall we让我们去听音乐，好吗？2Let us开头的祈使句，附加Let uswait for you in the reading-room,will疑问句用will youyou我们在阅览室等你，好吗？二附加疑问句注意几种特殊情况:
1.当陈述部分主语是everyone/everybody,Nobody sawhim walkinto the room,did they没人看见他走someone/somebody,noone/nobody,none等进房间，是吗？表示人的不定代词时，附加疑问句部分的主语Everything hasgone wrongtoday,hasnt it多用they,但也可用he；当陈述部分的主语是今天什么都出了问题了，是不是？everything,anything,something,nothing等表示物的不定代词时，附加疑问句部分的主语用ito
2.当陈述部分的主语是才旨不代词this,that,That isntyour dictionary,is it这不是你的字典，是吗？Thesethese,those时，附加疑问句的主语不再用指示are interestingstories,arent they代词，而要用it或they这些故事很有趣，不是吗？There is a bookon thedesk,isnt there
3.当陈述部分是“there be+主语+其他”结构时，桌子上有本书，是吗？附加疑问句用“be not there”结构There arenot anypens in thebox,are there盒子里没笔了，是吗？You havea nicehouse,havent/dont you
4.当陈述句的谓语动词是have时，如果作你有一所很漂亮的房子，是吗？“有”讲，附加疑问句用have或助动词do的形式；如果表示其他意思时，附加疑问句只用助You oftenhave headaches,dont you你经常头疼，是吗？动词do的形式We haveto finishthe worknow,dont we我们必须现在完成工作，是吗？They hada goodtime lastnight,didnt they他们昨天晚上玩得很开心，是吗？Youd bettergo now,hadnt you
5.当陈述句的谓语部分含有had better,would你最好现在就走，是吗？rather,would like,ought to时,附加疑问句的Youd rathergo thereearly,wouldnt you谓语动词要用相应的助动词你宁可早点去那里，不是吗？
6.当陈述句的谓语动词含有used to时，附加He used to getup early,didnt/usednt he他过去起床很早，疑问句的谓语部分用didnt或usedn^o是吗？
7.陈述句部分是主从复合句时，附加疑问句部He is nottheman whogave usa talk,is he他不是给我们演讲分的代词和助动词要与主句中的主语和动词保的人，是吗？持一致He canhardly stayawake becausehe isso tired,can he由于很累，他几乎不能保持醒着This is the secondtime that he has been toJapan,isnt it这是他第二次去日本，是吗？He saidthat hewould come to mybirthday party,didnt he他说他要来参加我的生日聚会，是吗？
8.在宾语从句中，如果陈述句部分是“（dont）We believeshe can do itbetter,cant she我们相信她能做得think/believe/suppose/imagine/expect等+宾更好，是吗？语从句”，附加疑问句部分要与宾语从句的主I dont think you have heardof himbefore,have you谓保持一致，并且要注意否定转移（前肯后否，我认为你以前没有听说过他，是吗？前否后肯）二.附加疑问句的回答附加疑问句的答语与一般疑问句类似，注意其与汉语表达习惯的差异回答附加疑问句通常应根据实际情况来确定，如果事实是肯定的，就用yes,事实是否定的，就要用noo
1.附加疑问句的答语与汉语表达的差异Tom is an honestboy,isnt he汤姆是个诚实的男孩，是吗？一
（1）对于“前肯后否”的附加疑问句的Yes,he is.We trusthim all the time.回答，如果事实是肯定的，就用yes,译成是的，我们一直相信他是的，事实是否定的，就要用no,译成—He likesplaying football,doesnt he他喜欢踢足球，是吗“不”—No,he doesnt.不，他不喜欢
（2）对于“前否后肯”的附加疑问句的一You didntfind theowner of the books,did you你没有找到书的主回答，如果事实是肯定的，就用yes,译成人，是吗？‘不”，事实是否定的，就要用no,译成-No,I didnt.So Igave themto ourteacher.是的，我没有找到因此是的”我把书交给老师了——His sisterdidnt attendthe meeting,did she他妹妹没有参加会议，是吗？一Yes,she did.She spokeat the meeting.不，她参加了她在会上讲话了
2.祈使句的附加疑问句的肯定回答为—Write to me when you gethome,will youYes,I will.,否定回答为〃No,I wont/o到家后给我写信好吗？-Yes,1will.好的，我会的—Dont makea noise,will you不要弄出响声,好吗？-No,1wont.好的，我不会的三.附加疑问部分的读法陈述部分一般用降调，而附加疑问部分既可用升调也可用降调，但含义有所不同
1.用升调时，多表示疑问或The schoolteam havewon thegold medal,X havent they/校队获得请求了金牌，是吗？
2.用降调时，多表示求证或The schoolteam havewon thegold medal,X haventthey\校队获得希望对方同意了金牌，对吧？【巩固训练】一.单项选择
1..David neverfights withhis classmates,A.does heB.doesnt heC.isnt he
2.Lets go to Disneylandin Shanghaiin August,A.shall weB.will youC.wont you
3.Nancy,sweep theclassroom,A.dont youB.do youC.will youD.doesnt she
4.Thanks to the2014Winter Olympics,Sochi iswell-known,A.isn/t itB.was itC.is itD.wasnt it
5.Actually,I dontthink SpidermanIIis as interesting as the first,A.does itB.doesnt itC.isnt itD.is it
6.—Judys neverbeen late for school,she—,She is always the first to get toschool everymorning.A.is;Yes B.has;No C.isnt;Yes D.hasnt;No
7.——Hes alreadycome backto Australia,一Yes.We watcheda movietogether lastnight.A.isnt heB.doesnt heC.hasnt heD.has he
8.1dontthinkshe willagree withus,A.will sheB.wont sheC.dont youD.do you
1.1believe theycan makeeverything goodenough,A.can theyB.cant theyC.do ID.dont I
10.—There is a beautifulpark nearyour school,—Yes.I oftengo walkingthere.A.isnt thereB.is there C.is itD.isnt it
11.It doesntmatter ifthey want tocometo yourparty,A.doesnt itB.does itC.dont theyD.do they
12.Its the first time that hehasbeen to Australia,A.isnt heB.hasnt heC.isnt itD.hasnt it
13.Tom andSally couldhardly worktogether,A.could theyB.couldn/ttheyC.couldn/theD.could she
14.When youvefinished withthat book,don/t forgetto putit backon theshelf,A.do youB.dont youC.will youD.have you
15.1told themthat Icould runas fastas you,A.could heB.didnt IC.didnt youD.could they二.完成对话
1.—It/s FathersDay today,—,.lets buya giftfor Dad.
2.—Don/tbelateforschool nexttime,_,,Ill tryto beon time.
3.一There is a beautifulpark nearyour school,—,.I oftengo walkingthere.
4.—The29th Olympic Games wereheld inBeijing,
5.一Michael Jordanstarted toplay basketballin college,—,,He firstplayed in a teamat seniorhigh school.
6.一David hasbeentoa boxingmatch,—,,He alwayswatches boxingon TV.
7.一You cantcook,---,,Im goodat cooking.
8.—You havea nicecar,—,.I boughtit last year.
9.—This is the firsttime thatyou have beentoAmerica,—,.It is the secondtime thatIve beenthere.
10.—According to my grandma,it is a goodidea toeat chickensoup whenyou havea cold,*—,・Scientists agreewith her.答案:
（一）1-5AACAD6J0BCABA11-15BCACB《二）
1.isn/tit;Yes,itis
2.willyou;No,Iwon/t
3.isn，there;Yes,thereis
4.werentthey;Yes,theywere
5.didnthe;No,hedidnt
6.hasnthe;No,hehasnt
7.canyou;Yes,Ican
8.havent/dont you;Yes I have/do
9.isn ftit;No,it isnt
10.isn ftit;Yes,it isf定语从句
（一）一关系代词的用法Unit4在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句定语从句通常由关系代词或关系副词引导，说明事物的具体信息，从句位于被修饰词之后被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，关系词指代先行词，并在定语从句中充当成分关系词有两种关系代词who,whom,whose,that,which,as和关系副词when,where,why根据定语从句与先行词的关系，可将定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句一般说来，限制性定语从句是整个句子不可缺少的部分，如果省略会影响全句的主要意思，这种定语从句前面不用逗号隔开；而非限制性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常和主句用逗号隔开，将从句去掉后句子的意思仍然完整，译成汉语时，从句常单独译成一句话，除了that和why不能引导非限制性定语从句，其他关系词的用法和限制性定语从句关系词的用法相同关系代词的用法一.判断定语从句的关系代词的方法如果名词或代词后有一个句子，并且该名词或代词在句子中充当成分，则该句子就是定语从句主要按照以下三步来判断L找准先行词（定语从句前的名词或代词）
2.把先行词还原到定语从句中，看充当什么成分
3.根据先行词在定语从句中所充当的成分以及句意来选用适当的引导词如果先行词在从句中作主语，宾语，定语，表语，则用关系代词，关系代词主要有who,whom,whose,that,which,as二.关系代词的基本用法指代关系代词以及在定语从句例句中充当的成分who（主语、宾语）whom
1.人（宾语）that（主语、宾语）The man who/that is speaking at the meetingis a famousscientist.（作isspeaking的主语）在会上讲话的人是一位著名的科学家He who/that does not reachtheGreatWall isnot atrue man.（作doesnotreach的主语）不到长城非好汉（）This is the famousscientist who/whom/that we visited lastweek.（作visited的宾语）这就是我们上周拜访的那位著名科学家2物that（主语、宾语）which Hefinally workedout the problem which/that puzzledhim（主语、宾语）foraIon日time.（作puzzled的主语）他最后解出了这个令他困惑很久的问题（）The fishthat/which webought yesterdaywere notfresh.（作bought的宾语）我们昨天买的鱼不新鲜They rushedover to help theman whose car brokedown,3•人的；whose（定语）（whosecar=the manscar,作定语，修饰car）物的他们跑过去帮助那个汽车抛锚的人There isa mountainwhose topisalwayscovered withsnpw.（whose top=the mountainstop,作定语，修饰top）有一座山顶常年被雪覆盖的山4,句子The weatherturned outvery good,which wasmore thanwe（在非which（主语、宾语）as（主could expect.（which指代“天气最后晴朗起来”，作was限制性定语、宾语）的主语）语从句中）天气最后晴朗起来，这是我们没有料到的As everyoneknows,China isa beautifulcountry witha longhistory.（As指代“中国是一个有着悠久历史的美丽国家”，作knows的宾语）每个人都知道，中国是一个有着悠久历史的美丽国家三.关系代词易错点:关系代词在定语从句Is hethe msnwho/that wantsto seeyou（作wants的主语中作主语时,不可省不可省略）
1.关系代词的略；做宾语时，在限他就是那个想见你的人吗？省略制性定语从句中可以（）Hangzhou isa beautifulcitv that/which lalways want to省略，在非visit.（在限制性定语从句中作visit的宾语，可以省略）
3.宾语指动作所涉及的人名词、代She isplaying the piano now.她正在弹钢琴或物，是动作的承词、动名She oftenhelps me.她经常帮助我受者，位于及物动词、不定Do youlike playinabasketball你喜欢打篮球吗？They词或介词之后式、从句want tolearn moreabout Chineseculture.他们想学习更多的中国文化Could youtell mehow1can join the WeChatRioup你自结诉我如何加入微信群吗？
4.补足语宾语补足语用来对名词、形宾语进行补充和说容词、介We callhim Tom for short.我们简称他为汤姆明，位于宾语之后，词短语，说明宾语“是什分词、不You mustkeep theclassroom clean,你应保持教室清洁么”，“干什么”，定式We founda catIvinH under the chair.我们发现有一只猫躺“怎么样”；如果在那把椅子下面变为被动语态，则1gotmycar repairedyesterday.我昨天找人修了车They是主语补足语encouraged meto tryagain.彳也们鼓励我再尝试He iscalledTomforshort.（主补）他被简称为汤姆Theclassroom mustbe keptclean.（主补）教室须被保持干净
5.表语表示主语的身份、性“The Readerisapopular TV programme.《阅读者》是一个人们喜欢的电视节目质、状态和特征,位名词、形于系动词之后，与容词、介In spring,the treesturn green.春天，树变绿了His jobis teaching他的工作是教书系动词起构成句子词短语、The questionis where we willhaveapicnic this的谓语非谓语动词、从句weekend.问题是我们周末去哪里野餐
6.定语对名词或代词进行形容词、She isa beautifulgirl,她是个美丽的女孩修饰、限制或说明名词、代Please giveme twotomatoes.1wantto make vegsble单个词作定语可放词、数词、salad.请给我两个西红柿，我想做蔬菜沙拉在所修饰的词之前，介词短The boyunderthe tree is myclassmate.短语或句子放在所语、分词、树下的那个男孩是我的同学修饰的词之后不定式、The boystanding underthe treeis myclassmate.从句The boywho isstanding underthetreeismyclassmate.站在树下的那个男孩是我的同学
7.状语用来修饰动词、形容副词、介She playedthe pianowonderfully.她钢琴弹得很美Her unclelives inCanada.她叔叔住在加拿大词、副词、短语或词短语、The girlscame in,talking rsdlaughing.整个句子，多放在分词、不女孩们说着笑着进来了所修饰的词之后定式、从1come speciallytoseeyou.我专门来看你.句When1began to work,1had noexperience.我开始工作时，没有经验
8.同位语对前面的名词或代名词或从We studentsshould studyhard.词起补充说明作用句我们学生应努力学习Mr.Smith,our headmaster,came in.我们的校长，史密斯先生进来了The newsthat ourteam won the gamemade usexcited,我们队获胜的消息令我们感到兴奋限制性定语从句中不杭州是我总想参观的一个美丽城市可省略Hangzhou,which1visited lastweek,isabeautiful city.（在非限制性定语从句中作visited的宾语，不可省略）杭州是一个美丽的城市，我上周去参观过The book that1read ityesterday is very interesting.X
2.从句中代词的重复多余定语从句中的引导词The book that1read yesterdayisveryinteresting.J我昨天指代先行词，并在从读的那本书很有趣句中作成分，从句中This is the womanwho1met hnrlast time.X不能再出现指代该先This isthe womanwho1met lasttime.V这就是我上次遇行词的代1司O见的妇女
3.关系代词和定语从句的引导词要This isthe boyhe told me a story yesterday.XThis isthe代词的误用用关系代词，而不能bov whotoldme astoryyesterday.V这就是昨天给我讲故用一般代词事的男孩This isthe boyhis father is our headmaster.XThis istheboy whosefatherisour headmaster.J这就是这个男孩，他的爸爸是我们的校长
4.what不引导定语从句中有关系代All that we need isa supply of oil.that引导定语从句，修饰定语从句词that和which,而先行词all没有what,what可What weneed isasupplyofoil.what引导主语从句我们需以引导名词性从句要的是石油供应
5.that不引导非在非限制性定语从The basketballstar,who triedto makea comeback,attracted限制性定语从句，不能用关系代词lots of attention.这位打算复出的篮球明星引起了很多关注句（用逗号隔that如果指代开）“人”，用关系代词Beijing,which isthe capitalofChina,isabeautiful city.中国的首都北京是座美丽的城市who/whom,指代“物”，用关系代词He hasbecome adoctor,which hewanted to be.他成为了一名医生，这是他以前一直梦想的whicho
6.介词1have thebook aboutwhich youare talking+which/whom先行词在从句中作介=1have thebookthat/which youare talkinnabout.我有你词宾语，若介词提前，现在谈论的那本书指代物时，只能用The manwith whom1talked just now is from Beijingwhich,不用that；指代University.人时，只能用whom,=The manwho/whom/that1talked withjust nowis from而不用whOo介词不Beijing University.提前时，用刚才和我谈话的那个人是从北京大学来的that/which,who/whom都可以
7.whose+n.1live in the roomwhose window faces south.whose=the+n+ofwhose+n.可与the+n window=the room/s windowwhich=of which+of which互换，而且1live in the roomthe windowof which/of whichthe+the+n.of which也可置于名windowfacessouth.the windowof which=the windowof词之前，名词之前必the room须有定冠词the我住在窗子朝南开的房间里
8.定语从句中的主谓一致He isa goodstudent who likes tohelpothers.关系代词在定语从句中做主语时，定他是一个乐于助人的好学生语从句的谓语通常与先行词在人称和They aregood studentswholiketohelpothers.数上保持一致他们是乐于助人的好学生注意:当先行词为one0爪十复数名He is one of the studentswho werepraised.词”时定语从句的谓语动词用复数形他是一个受到表扬的学生之一式；当先行词为〃theonly/veryone He isthe one/the onlyone of the studentswho wasof+复数名词”时定语从句的谓语动praised.他是唯个受到表扬的学生词用单数形式三.易混的关系代词辨析:——that和which
①当先行词为不定代词To getthe jobstarted,all that1needisyour
1.用that,不用everything,anything,permission.要开始工作，我所需要的是你的许可Iswhich的情况nothing,all,any,much,many,there anything that1candoforyou有什么要我做的some,few,little,none等或当事吗？先行词被no,some,any,all,He answeredfew questionsthat wereasked bythemuch,little等词修饰时，只能reporters.他几乎没有回答记者提问的问题用that
②当先行词被the only,the Thats the onlything that we cando now.目前我们只very,the same等词修饰时能这样了This isthe verypen that1am lookingfo这正是我找的钢笔He stilllives in the samehouse thatwe visitedten yearsago.他还住在十年前我们参观的同一座房子里
③当先行词被序数词、形容词This wasone of the mostinteresting booksthat were最高级修饰时sold inthis bookstore.这是这家书店售出的最有趣的书之一The firstthingthatshould bedone is togetsomefood,该做的第一件事是弄点吃的
④当先行词中同时包括人和物Im goingto talkabout thecountries andpeople that1时have visited.我要谈论一下我所访问的国家和人民
⑤当要避免与疑问词which重Which isthe T-shirt thatfits memost复时那件体恤衫最适合我？
①在非限制性定语从句中Football,which is an interestingname,is playedall over
2.用which,不用the world.that的情况全世界都踢足球，它是一项有趣的运动
②介词提前时，不用that,而用This isthe roomin which my father lived Instyear.which,介词不提前时，用that=This isthe roomthat/whichmy fatherlivedin last和which都可year.这是我父亲去年居住过的房子
（二）which和as（引导非限制定语从句，指代整个主句内容）As isknown to us all,the earthturns aroundthe sun.
1.位置上的区别The earth,as isknown tous all,turns aroundthe sun.as引导的从句可放在主句首、句末或句中而which引导的从句The earthturns aroundthe sun,as/which isknown tous all.众所周知，只能放在主句之后地球绕着太阳转Mike won the firstprize,as wasexpected.
2.语义的区别正如所料想的，迈克获得了一等奖as有“正如”之意，因此主句和Mike won thefirstprize,which wasnot expected.从句语义一致，而which表示“这迈克获得了一等奖，这一点没被料想到一点”在意义上相当于一个并列句，可以用and this代替，在语义上可以不一致四.as引导的定语从句的用法
（一）as引导的定语从句
1.在限制性定语从句中，先行词有such,so,比较as,the same修饰时,引导词用aso1have neverread thebookthatyou hvvrtalked about.我从未读过你谈到的这本书1have neverread such an interestingbook as you havetalkedabout.=1haveneverread so/asinterestinga bookasyouhnvetalked about.我从未读过像你谈到的这样有趣的书
2.在非限制性定语从句中，指代整个主句As we know,she isa good teacher.我们都知道她是一个内容好老师Lily,as weexpected,wonthefirstprizein thecompetitionyesterday.像我们所期望的那样，莉莉在昨天的比赛中获得了一等奖-易混句式辨析
1.such/so...as..•和such/so...that...
②such/so...that...表示“如此..以结果状语从句）致……〃，用来引导结果状语从句这是一块如此重的石头，没人能搬得动
2.the same…as…和the same...that...1have boughtthe samewatch asyouhave.
①the same…as…表示类似的一个，我买了一块和你的一样的手表（相似的，非同一个）而不是同一个（相似性）This isthe samewatch that1lost.
②the same・・・that・••表示“同一个”这就是我丢的那块手表（同一个）【巩（固同训一练性】）名言背诵l.He whowould climbthe laddermust begin atthebottom.千里之行,始于足下
2.He laughsbest wholaughs last.谁笑到最后,谁笑得最美
3.Nothing is too difficultto themanwho will try,世上无难事,只要肯登攀
4.God helpsthose whohelp themselves.自助者天助之
5.Not allthat glittersis gold.闪光的不都是金子二.用正确的关系代词填空
1.The treesstand bythe riverwere plantedby us.
2.She nevergives into thosehave money.
3.This isthe bestfilm hasbeen shownso farin the city.
4.February isthe onlymonth hasfewer than30days.
5.My sonmade notesof everythinghe read.
6.Yesterday I met theteacher oncetaught usmaths.
7.Will youshow me the girlname isWei Fang
8.The tallgirl isstanding there isafriend ofmy eldersisters.
9.The foreignervisited ourclass yesterdayisfromCanada.
10.Please passmethebook islying onthe table.
11.----Class,you shouldbe thankfulto thosepeople helpedand supportedyou.--We will.Miss Chen.
12.---Is thisthenewdictionary yougot yesterday--Yes.Now itsvery convenientfor meto look up words.
13.-Do youknow thestudent gotan Ain theEnglish exam-Of course.She ismy deskmate,Li Hong
14.1really like the familyphoto wetook onmy grandpas80th birthday.
15.My grandparentslike storiesendings arehappy.
16.Yuan LongpingisaChinese ricescientist isleading asearch todevelop searice.
17.The teacherI likebest oftenencourages meto fightformydream.
18.Jack likesbeing withthe classmatesare outgoingand kind.
19.A kindof sharedbike iscalled bluegogois gettingmore andmore popularin Chengdu.
20.Tu Youyouisthewoman usedthe plantsspecial powerto savemillions oflives.
21.His parentswouldnt lethim marryanyone familywas poor.
22.lt isthe thirdtimethatshe haswontherace,has surprisedus all.
23.Can youremember thescientist and his theorywe havelearned
24.Until now,we haveraised50,000pounds for the poorchildren,is quiteunexpected.
25.is reported,the numberof smokershas droppedby17percent injust oneyear.
26.Yesterday Mr.Green wentto hishometown andvisited theold housein he was born.
27.The man,from Ilearned thenews,isanengineer.
28.—Do youlike theweekly talkshow TheReaderson CCTV—Sure.Its agreat TVprogram purposeistobring thehabit ofreading backinto thepublic.
29.Children dietis highin fatwill gainweight quickly.
30.After graduatingfrom college,I tooksome timeoff togo travelling,turned outto bea wisedecision.三.单项选择31----Qingdao isthe mostbeautiful cityI/ve everbeento.----So itis.Many internationalmeetings areheld thereevery year.A.that B.which C.what32----Have youwatched theplay“In thename ofPeople---Its themost popularplay ourParty/s trying to struggleagainst corruption（腐败）.A.where;show B.which;show C.that;shows D.who;shows33We aretalking aboutthepianoand thepianist werein theconcert lastnight.A.that B.which C.who D.whom34——CCTV hasproduced a TV show-Chinese PoetryCompetition.Have youseen it一Sure.Wu Yishu,16,studies atthe HighSchool Affiliatedto Fudan,isthewinner.A.which B.where C.who D.whom35According toa survey,people areabletospeak twolanguages canmanage twothingsat thesame timemore easily.A.which B.whom C.whose D.who36She oftenparks hercar nearthe houseshe caneasily getto.A.where B.who C.which D.what
7.We shouldlookupto thosescientists sentTianzhou-1Cargo Spaceshipto space.A.which B.who C.what
8.rd liketo tellyou aboutthe tablemanners youshould knowwhenyouvisit France.A.which B.who C.what D.how
9.Roald Dahlwas agreat childrenswriter.His darkpast helpedhim painta picturewas differentto mostotherwriters.A.that B.who C./D.whom
10.一What kindof moviesdo youprefer一I preferthe moviesme somethingto thinkabout.A.which giveB.that givesC.that givesD.who gives
11.She isthe girlbrother isstudying abroad.A.that B.who C.whose D.whom
12.Everyone isa serverknows thatcustomers alwayscome first.A.whom B.what C.who D.which
13.—Only YouisaTVprogram ispopular withmost youngpeople.-Yes,itisdefinitely true.A.that B.whose C.what D.who
14.You aretalented youngadults fullof hopefor thefuture.A.who;is B.whom;is C.whom;are D.who;are
15.This isa heartwarmingstory abouta boysaved hismothers life.A.which B.who C.whose D.whom
16.Ive becomegood friendswith severalof thestudents in my schoolI metin theEnglishspeech contestlastyear.A.who B.where C.when D.which
17.Many children,parents areworking inbig cities,are takengood careof in the village.A.their B.whose C.them D.whom
18.As achild,Jack studiedin avillage school,is namedafter hisgrandfather.A.which B.where C.what D.that
19.His moviewon severalawards atthe filmfestival,was beyondhis wildestdream.A.which B.that C.where D.it
20.She isone of the teachersmuch teachingexperience.A.who;has B.who;haveC.whom;has D.whom;have答案:二.l.that/which
2.who
3.that
4.that
5.that
6.who/that
7.whose
8.who/that
9.who/that10,which/that
11.who
12.that/which
13.who/that14,that/which
15.whose
16.who/that
17.who/whom/that
18.who/that
19.that/which
20.who/that
21.whose22,which
23.that
24.which
25.As
26.which
27.whom
28.whose
29.whose
30.which三1-5AC ACD6-10CBAAA11-15CCADB16-20A BAAB定语从句二Unit5关系副词的用法一.判断定语从句的关系副词的方法如果先行词是指代“时间的名词“，还原到定语从句中作时间状语，则用关系副词when；如果先行词是指代“地点的名词”，还原到定语从句中作地点状语，则用关系副词where；如果先行词是指代“原因的名词reason,还原到定语从句中作原因状语，则用关系副词why二.关系副词的基本用法指代关系在从句中的例句副词作用时间when=at/in/on时间状语1shall never forget the day whenwe movedinto ournew house.名词+which先行词the day还原到从句中为we movedinto ournew houseonthe day,作时间状语，用when或onwhich我永远不会忘记我们搬入新房子的那一天地点where=at/in/地点状语This isthe villagewhere myfather was born.先行词the village还原on+which名词到从句中为myfatherwas born in thevillage,作地点状语，用where或in which这就是我父亲出生的村庄原因why=for which原因状语This isthe reasonwhy he missed the early bus.名词先行词the reason还原到从句中为hemissed theearlybus for thereason,作原因状语，用why或forwhich这是他错过早班车的原因三.关系副词和关系代词的正确使用关系副词和关系代词的,II neverforget thedav（that/which）1spent withyou onthe farm（.先行词the day选择要看先行词在定语还原到从句中为1spent the day withyou onthe farm,作spent的宾语，用that/从句中充当什么成分which）如果作状语，则用关系我永远不会忘记我们在农场L起度过的那一天副词；如果作主语、宾111neverforgetthe daywhen1worked withyou onthe fvrm.（先行词the day还语、表语，则用关系代原到从句中为」worked withyou onthe farmonthe day,作时间状语，用when或词，而不能只看先行词on which）是什么我永远不会忘记我们在农场一起工作的那一天He worksin the factory（that/which）1visited lastyear.（先行词the factory还原到从句中为1visited the factory lastyear,作visited的宾语，用that/which）他在我去年参观的那个工厂工作He worksinthefactory wherethese bikesare made.（先彳亍词thefactory还原到从句中为:these bikesare madeinthefactory,作地点状语，用where或in which）他在制造这些自行车的那个工厂工作This isthe reason（that/which）he explainedtous.（先行词the reason还原到从句中为he explainedthe reasontous,作explained的宾语，用that/which）这就是他对我们解释的理由1dont know the reasonwhy hewns so先行词the reason还原至U从句he wasso angryfor the reason,作原因状语，用why或for which）我不知道他如此生气的原因四.关系副词易错点:1have reached a pointin mylife where1should makel.where指代where既可以指代具体的地decisions ofmy own.抽象地点，意点名词，也可指代抽象地点为名词，常见的抽象地点名词我已经到了一个在我人生中自己做决定的地步了“在……case,point,situation,Nowadays peopleare moreconcerned aboutthe中（下）”condition,environment wherethey live.scene,stage,position,目前人们更加关心他们所居住的环境activity,platform,race,Life islike along racewhere wecompete withothers toenvironmentatmosphere,gg beyondourselves.人生像一场长跑比赛，我们在比赛family,job等中和他人竞争以超越自己
2.when指代when既可以指代具体的时抽象时间,意间名词，也可指代抽象时间Occasions arequite rarewhen1have thetimetospeed a思为名词，常见的有occasion（时day with my kids,我有时间和孩子们呆一天的机会很少“在……的机），time,age,period等We areliving in an agewhen manythings aredone on时间里”computers.我们生活在一个许多事情靠计算机来做的时代非限制性定语从句不能用1have toldhim the reason,for which1missedtheearly
3.why不能why引导，要用for whichobus.我没赶上早班车，我已经告诉了他原因The main引导非限制reason,for which he losthis job,was thathe dranktoo性定语从句much.他失去工作的主要原因是酗酒
4.way作先
①先行词way在定语从句中This isthe way（that/in which）he solvedtheproblem.行词充当方式状语，引导词用（先行词the way还原到定语从句中为he solvedthethat或in which,也可省略problem inthe way＞作方式状语，引导词用that或in（注意不用how,how不能which,也可省略）这就是他解决问题的方法引导定语从句）（）This isthe waythat/whichheused tosolve the
②充当主语、宾语，引导词problem.用that或which,做主语时不（the way作used的宾语,that/which可省略）这就是他可省略，做宾语时可省略所使用的解决问题的方法This isthe waythat/which was usedtosolve theproblem.（the way作wasused的主语，that/which不可省略）这就是被使用的解决问题的方法五.使用定语从句时注意的几个方面:
（一）分割式定语从句定语从句和它所修饰的先A newteacher willcome tomorrowwhowillteach usEnglish.教我们英行词中间插入谓语、状语语的一位新老师明天就要到了或另外的定语等成分，使The daysare gonewhen physicalstrength waswhat youneeded to定语从句与所修饰的名词makealiving.分割开来，或者插入语把完全靠体力挣钱谋生的时代已经过去了引导词与定语从句分割1walked uptothetop of the hillwithmyfriend,whereweenjoyed a理解句子时，注意找准先splendid viewof thnlake.我和朋友爬到了山顶，在那里我们欣赏了美行词丽的湖光景色The scientisthas madeanother discovery,which,of course,is ofgreatimportance.科学家另有发现，当然，这个发现很重要
（二）易混从句对比l.ls thisfactory the one（that）you visitedyesterday（theone作表语，that引导定语从句，修饰theone）Is thisthefactory（that/which）you visitedyesterday（that/which引导定语从句并作宾语，可省略）
2.The oldman hasthree sons,one0f whomisatenches（定语从句，用弓I导词whom）The oldman hasthreesons,and one of themisnteacher.（并歹U句,用代词them）
3.The news（that/which）he toldus is true.（定语从句,引导词用that和which都可）The newsthat ourteam wonthe gameistrue.（同位语从句，引导词只用that,不用which）
4.The doctordid all（that）he couldto savethe boy.（有先行词all,that引导定语从句）The doctordid whathe couldto savethe boy.（没有先行词，what引导宾语从句）
5.As isknown tothe world,Mark Twain was afamous writer,（as引导非限制性定语从句）It isknown tothe worldthat Mark Twainwas afamous writer,（it是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语）What isknown tothe worldis thatMarkTwainwasafamouswriter.（what弓I导主语从句）
6.You shouldleave thingsatthe place where you can find them again easily.（W先行词，where引导定语从句，也可用at which）You shouldleave thingswhereyoucanfindthemagaineasily.（没有先彳亍词，where弓I导地点状语从句，不可用at which）
7.It wasinthisplace thathe wasborn.（强调句）This isthe placewhere he wasborn.（定i吾从句）It wasinthefactory wherehe workedthatwemet eachother together,（where弓［导定t吾从句，that构成强调句）
8.He issuch agood teacher/so gooda teacherasweall like,（as弓I导定t吾从句）He issuchagoodteacher/so gooda teacherthatweall likehim.（that弓|导结果状语从句）
9.This isthe firsttime（that）IhavecometoBeijing,（time表“次数”,从句引导词用that,也可省略）There wasa timewhen Ididnt likeEnglish,（time表“时间”，定语从句引导词用when）lO.The reasonwhy hedidntcome yesterdayis thathe wasill.（why弓|导定语从句，that弓|导表语从句）【巩固训练】一.用适当的关系副词或关系代词填空
1.1still rememberthe dayI firstcame toBeijing.
2.This isthe roommy grandparentslived lastyear.
3.Do youknow thereason he refused togo toMarys birthdayparty.
4.China isa largecountry manydifferent dialectsare spoken.
5.The factoryhis fatherworks isinthewest of the city.
6.This isthe hospitalmy motherworks.
7.That isthereasonIdidthe job.
1.1dont knowthe exacttime theywill meet.
1.2still remembertheplaceImether for thefirsttime.
10.Thats oneof thereasons Iasked youtocome.
11.Mr.Wang willfly toBeijing,he willstay for three months.
12.There comesa timeyouhavetomakea choice.
1.11am lookingforward tothedaymy daughtercan knowmy feelingsfor her.
14.Well putoff thepicnic untilnext week,the weathermay bebetter.
15.weknow,this isthedaythe quakehappened thirty-five years ago.
16.He worksin afactory makesthis typeof iPhone.
17.This isthe hospitalwe visitedthedaybefore yesterday.
18.Finally hereachedalonely islandwas completelycut offfrom theoutside world.
19.1doubt thereason hegave usforhisbeing absentfrom the meeting.2O.The wayour chemistryteacher didthe experimentwas veryinteresting.二.单项选择
1.1dont knowthereasonherefusedto attendthemeeting.A.why B.which C.when D.what
2.Thatsthehotel wewere stayinglast summer.A.that B.where C.when D.why
3.They willfly toWashington,they planto stayfor twoorthreedays.A.where B.there C.which D.when
4.We liveinanage moreinformation isavailable withgreater easethan everbefore.A.why B.when C.to whom D.on which
5.Some pre-school childrengotoa daycare center,they learnsimple gamesand songs.A.then B.thereC.while D.where
6.Many countriesare nowsetting upnational parksanimals andplants canbe protected.A.when B.which C.whose D.where
7.The exactyear Maryand herfamily spenttogether in China was
2018.A.when B.which C.what D.where
8.The ScienceMuseum,wevisitedduring arecent trip to Britain,isoneof Londonstourist attractions.A.which B.what C.that D.where
9.As achild,Jack studiedinavillage school,is namedafter hisgrandfather.A.which B.where C.what D.that
10.The villagehas developeda lotwe learnedfarming twoyearsago.A.when B.which C.that D.where
11.Students shouldtake partin communityactivities theycan gainexperience forgrowth.A.who B.when C.which D.where
12.As thesmallest childof hisfamily,Jack isalways longingfor thetime heshould beableto beindependent.A.which B.where C.whomD.whenhelpful toput childreninasituation theycan seethemselves differently.A.that B.when C.which D.where
14.一What doyouthinkof teacher,Bob一I findit funand challenging.It isa jobyouaredoing somethingserious butinteresting.A.where B.which C.when D.that
15.Today,well discussa numberof casesbeginners ofEnglish failto usethe languageproperly.A.which B.as C.why D.where
16.The bossof thecompany istryingtocreate aneasy atmospherehis employeesenjoytheir work.A.where B.which C.when D.that
17.We reallylove Indianfood andsuch occasionsare veryrare wehave somany foodsavailableat suchlow prices.A.that B.when C.which D.where
18.We wentto Mountain Tai lastweekend,,not surprisingly,was crowdedwith visitors.A.when B.which C.that D.where
19.Stephen Hawkingbelieves thatthe earthis unlikelytobethe onlyplanet lifehad developedgradually.A.that B.where C.which D.whose
20.We alladmire thisfamily,the parentsare treatingtheir childlike afriend.A.why B.where C.which D.that二.基本句子结构英语基本句子结构主要有以下几种基本句型:
1.主语+谓语（不及不及物动词之后不能Thn childrenare listeningquietly.物动词）带宾语，可以带状语，主语谓语状语修饰谓语动词，通常孩子们在静静地听着放在句末Robot cookswill appearin ourfamilies主语谓语地点状语inthefuture.时间状语机器人厨师未来将出现在我们的家庭中He didntlikethefilm.
2.主语+谓语+宾语及物动词之后要带宾语主语谓语宾语不及物动词之后加介他不喜欢这部电影词，可以带宾语The childrenare listnninqtothenews quietly.主语谓语宾语状语孩子们在静静地听新闻I talkedtomyfriend onthe phonejustnow.主语谓语宾语地点状语时间状语我刚才在电话上和我的朋友交谈He me an apple.
3.主语+谓语+双宾及物动词后带两个宾主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语语，一个指人的叫间语接宾语，放在前，一=He gavean appletome.他给我一个苹果个指物的叫直接宾He offeredme his seat.主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语语，放在后有时间接宾语也可改为由介=He offeredhisseattome.他把座位让给我词to或for引起的短Mother cooksus mealsevery day.语，放在直接宾语的主语谓语间宾直宾状语后面=Mother cooksmeals forus everyday.母亲天天为我们做饭Father boughtmea book.主语谓语间宾直宾=Father boughtabookfor me.父亲给我买了本书We madeTom our monitor.4,主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语用来说明主语谓语宾语宾补宾语补足语宾语“是什么久“干什我们选汤姆当班长=Tom wasour monitor.么”，“怎么样”，We aremaking ourschool morebeautiful.宾语与宾语补足语之主语谓语宾语宾补间存在着逻辑上的主我们正把我们的学校变得更美丽=Our schoolis more谓或主系表关系beautiful.（注意如果变为被Thn manhad thelight burnirgall thenight.动语态，则是主语补主语谓语宾语宾补状语足语）这个人让灯亮了一夜=The lightwas burningall thenight.答案:——・
1.when/on which2where/in which
3.why/for which
4.where/in which
5.where/in which
6.where/in which
7.why/for which8,when/at which
9.where/in which
10.why/for which
11.where
12.when13,when/on which
14.when
15.As;when/on which
16.that/which
17.that/which
18.that/which
19.that/which
20.that/in which二.1-5ABABDD6-10DBAAD11-15DDDAA16-20ABBBB总之，该“单元同步语法讲练”既可以作为学习材料使用，也可以作为语法书使用，具备教辅书和工具书两种功能，能够满足学生自学、教师备课和家长辅导的需求，是教案和学案的完美结合The bossmade theworkers work12hours aday.主语谓语宾语宾补状语老板让工人一天工作12个小时二The workersworked12hours aday.The workerswere madetowork12hours aday.主语谓语主补状语工人被迫一天工作12个小时二The workersworked12hours aday.5,主语+系动词常见的系动词有⑴+表语表状态的:be,keep,stay,remain等⑵标变成’的become,get,turn,go,grow,come,fall等⑶表示〃似乎，好My grandfatheris over80,主语系动词表语像”的appear,seembut hestill staysactive.主语系动词表语我祖父80多岁等了，但他仍然积极向上Thn daysget shorterand⑷表示〃感官〃的shorter.主语系动词表语look,sound,smell,白天变得越来越短了taste,feel,等Tom becamea managerbut主语系动词表语Jack5表示〃结果〃的remained aworker.主语系动词表语汤姆成了经理，而prove证明是，turn杰克仍然是一个工人He seemsunhappy today.主语out结果是等系动词表语状语注意连系动词不他今天似乎不高兴用被动语态This doglooks funny.主语系动词表语这只狗看上去很滑稽The cakestaste goodand1will buysome.主语系动词表语主语谓语宾语蛋糕尝起来很好，我将买一些The theoryprovedtobewrong.主语系动词表语这个理论证明是错误的The weatherturned outtobefine thatday.主语系动词表语状语结果那天的天气很好
6.There be句型There isa peninthebox.uThere be句型”表示“某地存在某人或谓语主语地点状语盒子里有一只钢笔某物”，因此又被称There arenot anygirls intheroom.作存在句，其中there谓语主语地点状语是引导词，没词义，房间里没有一些女孩be是谓语动词，有时There have been manygreat changes态变化，there be谓语主语in ourcountry sincethen.后的名词是句子的地点状语时间状语主语自从那时以来，我国发生了巨大变化注意:双宾语、宾补、同位语的区别:如果是双宾语，则间接宾语和直接宾语都是前面的及物动词的宾语，二者是并列关系，而且去掉直接宾语部分，句意不完整；如果是宾补，宾语与宾补之间存在着逻辑上的主谓或主系表关系，而且去掉宾补部分，句意不完整；同位语是对前面的名词或代词起补充说明作用，通常可以用隔开，而且去掉同位语部分，句意仍然完整例如He gavemean apple.主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语（me和an apple都做gave的宾语，而且去掉anapple,句意不完整）We madeTom our monitor.主语谓语宾语宾补（Tom和our monitor之间存在着逻辑上的主系表关系，即Tom wasourmonitor.而且去掉ourmonitor,句意不完整）He isnow interviewingLi_Yan,a volunteerfor the2008Olympic Games.主语谓语宾语同位语（a volunteerfor the2008Olympic Games作Li Yan的同位语,用来解释说明“李岩是谁”，而且去掉a volunteerfor the2008Olympic Games,句意仍然完整）【巩固训练】一.读句子，分析结构
1.1hemeetingbegan only5minutes ago.
2.50mething isfalling downfrom thebuilding.It istoo dangerous.
3.8etty hasworked hardsince lastterm.
4.Wow!You havecooked deliciousdinner forus!
5.Some ofmy classmateshad anEnglish playattheart festivaltwo daysago.
6.Simon entereda writingcompetition lastweek andis waitingfor theresult now.
7.1was watchingmy favoriteTV programmein mybedroom around10oclock lastnight.
8.1will lendyou thestory bookas soonas possible.
9.Over100countries andorganizations havegiven uswarm supportsince
2018.
10.We calledthem theWinter Olympics.
11.You canmake yourtrip tothe UnitedKingdom enjoyableand worthwhile.
12.As timewent by,I was made smaller.
13.Our Englishteacher wantsus toread Englishstories outof class.
14.Our teacheroften tellsus notto wastetime.
15.1saw Mr.Smith workingintheoffice atten yesterdaymorning.
16.For morethan once,we areasked todevelop thehabit ofkeeping adiary by ourhead teacher.
17.Though heoften made his littlesister cry,today hewasmadeto cryby her.
18.Shared bikeshave becomequite popularamong bigcities inChina since last April.
19.He isnow interviewingLi Yan,a volunteerforthe2008Olympic Games.
20.In thepast fewyears therehavebeengreat changesin myhometown.二.读短文，分析划线句子的结构When Zheng He wasborn,he wvsnamed Ma He.He wasborninYunnan in
1371.His fatherandgrandfather were Muslim leaders of the Yuan Dynasty.However,when the Ming Dynastywas established,thearmy caughtMr He and took him to oneofthe Emperors sons.Prince ZhuDi.Ma Heserved theprince welland soosbecame oneoftheprinces closest advisors.The princetrusted himandchanged hisname toZheng He.Later thrprince becamethe EmpesoroftheMiriR Dynastyas theYo「©eEmperor.The Yongle Emperor wanted to showother countriesthe greatness and power oftheMingDynasty.He alsowantedtoestablish traderelations withother peoplesofthe world.He madeZheng Hetheleader ofa fleet（舰队）and orderedhim toexplore（探索）the world.In Zheng Hes firsttrip,he traveledallthe way toCalicut,India.With over200ships and「early28,000men,he visitedmany countriesalong theway.His firsttrip lastedfrom1405to
1407.ZhengHeandhisfleet tradedand madeclose relationsattheplaces theyvisited.答案一.l.The meetingbe anonly5minutes ago.主语谓语状语
2.50mething isfalling downfrom thebuilding.It istoo dangerous.主语谓语状语主语系动词表语
3.8etty hasworked hardsincelastterm.主语谓语状语状语
4.Wow!You havecooked deliciousdinner forus!主语谓语宾语状语
5.Some ofmy classmateshad anEnglish playattheert festivaltwo daysago.主语谓语宾语地点状语时间状语
6.Simon entereda writingcompetition lastweek andis waitingfortheresult now.主语谓语宾语状语并列谓语宾语状语
7.]_was watchingmy favoriteTVprogrammein mybedroom around10oclock主语谓语宾语地点状语时间状语last right.
8.1will lendyou thestory bookassoonas possible.主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语状语
9.Over100countries andorganizations havegiven uswarm support主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语since
2018.状语
10.We calledthem theWinter Olympics.主语谓语宾语宾补
11.You canmake yourtriptothe UnitedKingdom enjoyableand worthwhile.主语谓语宾语宾补
12.With timeRoing by,1WAS madesmaller.状语主语谓语主补
13.0ur Englishteacher wantsus toread Englishstories outof class.主语谓语宾语宾补状语
14.Our teacheroften tellsus notto wastetime.主语状语谓语宾语宾补
15.1saw Mr.Smith workingintheoffice atten yesterdaymominR主语谓语宾语宾补地点状语时间状语
16.For morethan once,we areasked todevelop thehabit ofkeeping adiary状语主谓语主补byourheadteacher.状语
17.He oftenmadehislittlesisterbut todayhewasmadeCTY/主语状语谓语宾语宾补状语主语谓语to cryby her.主补状语
18.Shared bikeshave becomequite popularamong bigcities inChina sincelast April.主语系动词表语地点状语时间状语
19.Heisnow interviewingLi Yan,a volunteerforthe2008OlympicGames.主语谓语宾语同位语
20.ln thepast fewyears therehavebeengreat changesinmyhometown.状语There be句型主语状语二.
1.•••hewasnamed MaHe.主语谓语主补
2.His fatherend grandfatherwereMuslimleadersoftheYuanDynasty.主语系动词表语
3....the armycaught MaHeandtookhim tooneofthe Emperorssons,主语谓语宾语并列谓语宾语状语Prince ZhuDi.同位语
4.MaHeserved theprince welland soonbecame oneoftheprinces主语谓语宾语状语状语系动词表语closestadvisors.astheYongleEmperor状语主语系动词表语状语
5.Later theprirce becametheEmperoroftheMing Dynasty主语谓语间接宾语
6.The YorgleEmperor wartedto showother countriesthegreatnessandpoweroftheMingDynasty.直接宾语
7.He madeZhengHethe leaderofafleet（“见队）and ordered主语谓语宾语宾补并列谓语himtoexplore（探索）theworld.宾语宾补
8.With over200ships andnearly28,000men,he visitedmany countriesalong theway.状语主语谓语宾语名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语Unitl短语或词组是具有一定意义但不构成句子或从句的一组词，在句子里可以单独构成一种句子成分一.名词短语指以一个名词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于名词名词短语通常是由名词及其修饰语构成-名词短语的组成What isyour sistersfavorite color
1.前置定语+你姐姐最喜欢的颜色是什么？名词The onlineshop sellschildrens andmens shoesat avery作前置定语的主要有low price.限定词、名词所有格、数词、形容词、名词、网店以低廉的价格销售儿童和男士的鞋子单个的分词或动名词Our schoolhas fiftu-six womenteachers.等我们学校有56个女教师注意:限定词包括:冠词Mom,please giveme twotomatoes.1wanttomakea/an/the、指示代词vegetable salad.this、that、these、妈妈，请给我两个西红柿，我想做蔬菜沙拉those等人物主代词The sleepingchild ishis son.my、youryhis、her、正在睡觉的孩子是他的儿子.oury their等和不定Thn fallenleaves arelike athick blanketonthearoued.落代词someno、叶像一层厚厚的毯子盖在地上neitherboth等;
2.名词+作后置定语的主要有HHeerweeanret ttowtohneicsweipmhmotionsgopfomoly.他fam去il游y.泳池了.后置定语介词短语、分词、不定这儿有两张我家的好看的相片式等As weall know,MountainTaiistheprida ofShandong.众所周知，泰山是山东的骄傲If youdont knowthewaytothescience museum,hereisamap ofthecity.如果你不知道去科技博物馆的路，这是城市地图There aresome boysplaying basketballover there.有一些男孩正在那边打篮球Do youknowtheman talkingto Tom你认识正在和汤姆谈话的那个人吗？Thn problemdiscussed yesterdayhasbeensolved.昨天讨论的问题被解决了Nowadays someproducts madeinChinaare bothgood andcheap.现在很多中国制造的产品质量好且便宜Thn mnatogive usa talknextweekisascientist.下周要给我们作报告的人是个科学家Tu Youyouisthefirst Chineseto winthe prizein science.屠呦呦是第一个获得科学奖的中国人二名词短语的功能名词短语在句中当作名词用，一般用作主语、宾语、表语或宾语补足语Thn broken©ass maycut intoyour handif youtouch it.
1.作主语如果你触摸它，坏了的玻璃杯可能会划伤你的手--The bnstseason tocometoYichan〉is spring.到宜昌的最佳季节是春季——1think so.The greenwater andgrnev mountainsare unforgettable我也是这样看的青山绿水令人难忘The housesbuilt lastyear arefortheteachers.去年建成的那些房子是为老师们建的
2.作宾语Id liketomato noodlesfor breakfast.早餐我想要西红柿面条Jacks mothercant goto thaparents meetingbecausesheistoobusy.杰克的妈妈不能参加家长会，因为她太忙了Do youhave thisT-shirt ina smallsize你有小号的这款T恤吗3,作表语Excuse me!Is thisLucy andLilys newhouse打扰一下，这是露西和莉莉的新房子吗？He wasthe bestman todo thejob.他是做这个工作最好的人选This isthe methodof cookingthe tastycookie.这就是做这种美味甜饼的方法
4.作宾语补足语We madeTom ourgroup leader.我们选汤姆当我们的组长More andmore foreignersconsider BeijingOpera animportant partof Chineseculture.越来越多的外国人认为京剧是中国文化的一个重要组成部分二.形容词短语指以一个形容词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于形容词形容词短语通常是由形容词及其修饰语构成-形容词短语的组成
1.副词+形容词注The littleboy isvery clever.这个小男孩很聪明意:enough修饰形My deskmateis reallyactive.我的同桌真的是很活泼容词,放Im terriblysorry.我非常抱歉。
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