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长沙市一中届高三月考试卷
（一）2022英语时量:120分钟满分:150分第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上，第一节（共5小题;每小题
1.5分，满分分）听下面5段对话每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的三个选项中选出最佳选项听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题每段对话仅读一遍A.£
19.
15.B.£
9.
18.C.£
9.
15.例How muchis theshirt答案是C.
1.What*s the mans planfor theweekendA.Seeing adoctor,B.Walking around the lake:C.Working atthe,hospital.
2.What docsthe manthink highly of about the playA.The costumes:B.The music.C.The scenery.A.In July.B.In August.C.In September.
3.When is the womangoing totake herholidayA.By bus.B.By bike..C.By car.
4.How did the boygo to school today
5.What dowe knowaboutthe manA.He mightmiss thistown.B.He doesn!t like the newjob.C.He hasntbeen homefor long.第二节（共15小题;每小题
1.5分，满分分）听下面5段对话或独白每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的三个选项中选出最佳选项听每段对话或独白前.你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后.各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间每段对话或独白读两遍听第6段材料，回答第
6、7题
6.What didGrandma justdo inLondonA.She actedin amovie.B.She visitedthe speakers.C.She attendedan awardceremony.
7.When mightGrandma arriveC.By analyzingthe datafrom thecetacean soundbook.D.By listeningor playingthe sounds and watchingthe whales*reactions.
15.Which can be asuitable titlefor thetextA.Pilot Whales:Copy OrcaCalls B.How OrcasMimic PilotWhale CallsC.How Pilot Whales DefendThemselves D.Orcas andPilotWhales:Predators andPrey【答案】
12.C
13.C
14.D
15.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主题语境是人与自然，讲述长肢领航鲸拥有模仿虎鲸声音的能力【题详解】12细节理解题根据第一段可知，可以模仿声音，但并未提及可以模仿声音选项根据第一句pilot whalesorcas A话（鲸目动物）（鲸目动物通过声音交流来“Cetaceans municatethrough soundto findfood andto interactsocially.寻找食物和社交）“可以看出来；选项根据第二段中的“…（经常在B are often seen in the same environments相同的环境中被看见）”可以看出来；选项根据第二段中的（…他们D“...live insocial groupswith strongunion”都是群居动物）可以看出来故选C【题详解】13细节理解题根据第四段中的Pilot whaleseating orcas*food remainsmight gounnoticed if they useorcalike calls.”（如果领航鲸使用类似虎鲸的声音，那它们吃虎鲸的食物残渣便不会被发现）”可知，领航鲸可以假装是虎鲸来分享食物残渣故选C【题详解】14细节理解题通过倒数第二段^Researchers couldpair theirlistening datawith direct observations of the animals,interactions in the wild or perhaps even play orca sounds and watch the whales1reactions.v（研究人员可以专彳也6]听觉的数据和直接观察到的野生动物之间的互动进行匹配，甚至可以播放虎鲸的声音、观察长肢领航鲸的反应）可知，通过播放虎鲸的声音来观察领航鲸的反应故选D【题详解】15主旨大意题根据文章第一段“The longfinnedpilot whales can mimicartificial noise,but nobodyhad previously（长鳍领航鲸可以模仿人工噪音，但recorded them.A newstudy,however,found overlapin thecetacean soundbook.之前没有人对它们进行过记录然而，一项新的研究发现，鲸类动物的声音书中有重叠部分）”，可以得出本文是讲述长肢领航鲸拥有模仿虎鲸声音的能力故选Ao第二节（共5小题;每小题分，满分分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项选项中有两项为多余选项Old wivestales1are beliefspassed downfrom onegeneration to another.For example,most ofus rememberourparents*telling us to eat more of certain foods or not to do certain things.16Some of them agreewith presentmedicalthinking,but othershave notpassed the test oftime.Did yourmother evertell youto eat your carrotsbecause they are good for youreyes Scientistsnow reportthateating carrotscan helpprevent aserious eyedisease calledmacular degeneration.Eating justone carrota daycan reducethepossibility ofgetting thisdisease by40%.17It cankill thetype ofvirus thatcauses colds.18For example,generations ofchildren havebeen toldnot togo swimmingwithin an hour after eating.19Do sweetscause toothproblems Well,yes and no.Sticky sweets made withgrains tendto cause more problemsthansweets made with simplesugars.Even thoughscience cantell usthat some of ourtraditional beliefsdont holdwater,there isstill a lot of truth in theold wives*tales.20We shouldrespect thisbody ofknowledge evenas wesearch forclear scientificsupport toprove ittrueor false.A.Garlic isgood foryou,too.B.Is thereany truthin theseteachingsC.Who candecide whethertheyareright orwrongD.But researchsuggests thatthere isno dangerin doing so.E.Unfortunately,not allof Momsadvice passedthe testof medicalstudies.F.After all,much ofthis knowledgehas beenaccumulated fromthousands ofyears ofexperience infamily healthcare.G.They arejust theguesses andimaginations ofpeople in the pastwhen peoplesscientific knowledgewas quitelimited.【答案】
16.B
17.A
18.E
19.D
20.F【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文文章主要就“不听老人言，吃亏在眼前”里是否有真理进行了讨论【题详解】16根据前文For example,most ofus rememberour parents*telling usto eatmore ofcertain foodsor not to docertain things.（例如，我们很多人都记得我们的父母告诉我们多吃某些食物，或者不要做某些事）与B.Is thereany truthin these（这些教导有什么真理吗？）承接自然，选项中的就是前文的teachings theseteachings tellingustoeatmoreofcertain.故选项foodsornotto docertainthings B【题详解】17根据后文（它可以杀死引起感冒的病毒）与.It cankill thetype ofvirus thatcauses colds.A.Garlic isgoodforyou,too（蒜对你有好处）承接自然，后文的就是选项中的故选项it garlic,A【题详解】根据下文18Do sweetscause toothproblems Well,yes andno.Sticky sweetsmadewithgrains tendto（糖会弓|起牙齿问题吗？是也不是用谷物制成的黏糖比causemoreproblems thansweetsmadewith simplesugars.用单糖制成的糖果更容易引起问题）可推测本段想要表达，父母的教导不一定全是对的，E.Unfortunately,not all（不幸的是，并非所有妈妈的建议都能通过医学研究的检验）符合of Momsadvice passedthetestof medicalstudies.以上说法，故选项E【题详解】根据上文19For example,generations ofchildren havebeen toldnottogo swimmingwithin anhour after（代又一代的孩子被告知饭后一小时内不要去游泳）与eating.——D.But researchsuggests thatthere isno dangerin.（但是研究表明这样做没有危险）承接自然，选项的就是前文的汕.doingsogo swimmingw in anhouraftereating故选项D【题详解】根据前文20Even thoughscience cantell usthat someof ourtraditional beliefsdont holdwater,there isstill，（尽管科学告诉我们，我们的一些传统信仰站不住脚，但是“不听老人言，吃a lotof truthin theold wivestales.亏在眼前”中仍然有很多真理）与F.After all,much ofthis knowledgehas beenaccumulated fromthousands ofyears of（毕竟，这些知识大部分都是从几千年的家庭保健经验中积累起来的）承接自experience infamily healthcare.然,选项中的much ofthis knowledge就是前文的alotoftruthin theold wives1tales.故选F项第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分）.阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项A fewmonths ago,I wasdown witha terriblecold whichended ina coughthat washard toget rid of.No matter howmany differentmedicines Itried,I21couldnt get rid of the cough.Not onlydid it22my teachingbut alsomy lifeas awhole.Then oneday afterclass,a studentcame up to me and23traditional Chinesemedicine.From descriptionChinesemedicine soundedas ifit hadmagic power that24I was25because Iknew solittle aboutit and have never tried it before.26my coughgot somuch worse that I couldnt sleepat night,so Idecided togive ita
27.The Chinesedoctor tookmy pulseandasked tosee mytongue,both ofwhich werenew experienceto mebecause theyare both28in Western medicine,（舌）where diagnosisrelies heavilyon29Then the doctor gavemeascraping ijtreatment knownas GuaSha”.I wasalittle30at firstbecause heused asmooth edgedtool toscrape theskin onmy neckand shoulders.A fewminutes later,the treatmentstarted to produce a31effect andmy body and mindbegan tosinkdeeper into
32.I didntfeel anyimprovement in my33in the first couple of days,but afterafew more regular visits to thedoctor,my coughstarted to
34.Then within a matter of weeks,it waspletely35!_
21.A.even B.still C.certainly D.currently
22.A.benefit B.facilitate C.change D.inconvenience
23.A.sold B.remended C.adopted D.trusted
24.A.brought rewardsB.set trendsC.worked wondersD.changed rules
25.A.hesitant B.excited C.nervous D.optimistic
26.A.Eventually B.Consequently C.Surprisingly D.Admittedly
27.A.look B.break C.miss D.shot
28.A.nonexistent B.frequentlyused C.noneffective D.highlyremended
29.A.hospitals B.doctors C.machines D.symptoms
30.A.tired B.unsatisfied C.scared D.disappointed
31.A.damaging B.relieving C.cooling D.stimulating
32.A.pain B.relaxation C.depression D.uneasiness
33.A.strength B.capability C.circumstance D.condition
34.A.lessen B.worsen C.quicken D.lengthen
35.A.fine B.unexpected C.gone D.different【答案】2LB
22.D
23.B
24.C
25.A
26.A
27.D
28.A
29.C
30.C
31.B
32.B
33.D
34.A
1.5分，满分15分阅读下面短文，在空白处填入个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式1Are allchanges godIt is amonly heldbelief thatas peopleget older,they beeresistant tochange.Their plaints that thingsused tobe betterin the pastor36some new development isno goodcanbedismissed asthe unavoidablethoughts ofpeople who37simpledont likechange and are therefore38able tosee thebenefits ofprogress.But isthis automaticallytrue Arethe viewsof anolder personon a new developmentalways tobe disregardedThiswould suggestthat every newdevelopmentmust bea good39and surelythat cannotlogically be40case.Take41architect forexample.In the1950sand1960s,many olderBritish peoplewere highlycritical of the newconcretehousing blocksthat suddenlysprang upin cities,42say that they wereugly anddepressing placesto live in.They were43tell that they weresimply beingoldfashioned andthatthey were incapableof appreciatingthe advantagesof these newbuildings,which hadreplaced thestreets ofsmall housesthattheywere familiarwith.44decades later,thesevery same blocks were being pulled45as newgenerations decidedtheywereboth uglyand badfor society.【答案】
36.that
37.simply
38.unable
39.one
40.the
41.architecture
42.saying
43.told
44.Yet##But
45.down【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文文章讲述了随着年龄的增长人们会抗拒改变，因为他们看不到进步的好处文章以建筑为例说明了每一代人对一个新发展的观点态度总是不同【题详解】36考查同位语从句的引导词句意他们抱怨过去的情况更好，或者一些新的发展不好，这些都可以被认为是人们不可避免的想法，他们只是不喜欢改变，因此看不到进步的好处根据可知此处要用引导词连接并列rthat,的同位语从句，作的同位语故填plaintsthat【题详解】37考查副词句意他们抱怨过去的情况更好，或者一些新的发展不好，这些都可以被认为是人们不可避免的想法，他们只是不喜欢改变，因此看不到进步的好处此处要用副词修饰谓语动词故填题详dontlikeo simplyo[38解】考查形容词句意他们抱怨过去的情况更好，或者一些新的发展不好，这些都可以被认为是人们不可避免的想法，他们只是不喜欢改变，因此看不到进步的好处根据系动词可知此处要用形容词，作表语are故填unable o【题详解】39考查代词句意这意味着每一个新的发展都必须是好的，但逻辑上肯定不是这样的根据可知此处要a good用代词指的上文同类中任意一个故填one,everynewdevelopment one【题详解】40考查冠词句意这意味着每一个新的发展都必须是好的，但逻辑上肯定不是这样的根据名词可知此处case要用定冠词表示特指故填the,the题详解】[41考查名词句意以建筑为例根据动词可知此处要用名词，作宾语故填Take architecture【题详解】42考查非谓语动词句意在世纪五六十年代，许多英国老年人对城市中突然涌现的新型混凝土住宅街区持高20度批评态度，称它们是丑陋和令人压抑的居住场所根据句中已有谓语动词且空前无连接were highlycritical of词，可知此处要用非谓语动词；由逻辑主语与之间是主动关系，可知此处要用现many olderBritish peoplesay在分词故填saying题详解】[43考查过去分词句意他们被告知，这些建筑只是过时了，他们无法欣赏这些新建筑的优点，因为它们已经取代了他们熟悉的街道上的小房子分析句子可知，此处是谓语动词，根据主语与之间是被动关系，可They tell知此处要用被动语态，已有可知此处要用动词的过去分词故填⑹were,d【题详解】44考查连词句意然而，几十年后，这些同样的街区被拆除了，因为新一代人认为它们既丑陋又对社会有害根据可知与上文内容形成对比转折,此处要用表示转折的连词或是these verysameblockswerebeingpulled10yet故填buto Yet/Buto【题详解】45考查副词句意然而，几十年后，这些同样的街区被拆除了，因为新一代人认为它们既丑陋又对社会有害动词短语摧毁，拆除”，是固定搭配故填pull downdown第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）你学校的英文校报正在征稿，要求为以下插图配一篇短文请为校报撰稿，其内容应包括
46.图片的内容；
1..图片表达的含义2注意.写作词数应为左右；:180,请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答3［答案］one possibleversion:As wecan seein thepicture,a boyis standinghigh on top ofmany bookslooking farinto thedistance.Such apicture remindsmeof a Chinesepoem“to enjoya grandersight,climb to a greater height”.Like thesteps tothe greaterheight,books canhelp broadenour horizonsand improveour understandingof theworld.The morebooks weread,the more knowledge we will gain,the morelearned we will be,and thebroader horizonswe willhave.So pick upbooks andread!A moreexciting worldis waitingfor usto explore.【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于图画作文，要求作者根据插图配一篇短文为校报撰稿【详解】.词汇积累1提醒某人某事warn sb.of sth.—remind sb.of sth.获得get—gain拿起一take uppickup令人兴奋的thrilling—exciting,句式拓展2同义句转换原句Like thesteps to the greaterheight,books canhelp broadenour horizonsand improveour understandingof theworld.拓展句Like thesteps to thegreaterheight,not onlycan bookshelp broadenour horizonsbut alsoimprove ourunderstandingoftheworld.［点睛］［高分句型］1As wecan seein thepicture,a boyis standinghigh ontop ofmany bookslooking farinto the（运用了由引导的定语从句）distance.as［高分句型］2The morebooks weread the moreknowledgewewillgain,themorelearned wewill be,and the（运用了比较级…，比较级…句式）broader horizonswewillhave.the+the+第二节（满分25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文
47.In mythirtyyear teachingprofession,one ofthe bestteachers I have everknown isMr Rowe.I waslucky enoughtoteach fourth grade togetherwith him.Mr.Rowe hadendless patienceand understandingand Ilearned somuch fromwatching him.He couldperformmiracles,like theone heperformed withSteven,one ofthe unhappiestkids Ihad everseen.Steven couldntstand school.He didntlike beingpicked lastfor kickbalLHe didntlikethekids whoraised theirhands andknew all the answers,andmost importantly,he didntlike himself.The firstday hewalked into Mr.Rowes classroom,he ignoredthe otherstudents,looking angryand annoyed,andslid intohis chair,knocking acoupleoftextbooks ontothe floor.Mr.Rowe walkedover tohim andtouched Stevensshoulder,but Stevenpulled away.Nevertheless,Mr.Rowe weledhim:Hi,Steven.Tm happyyou areinmyclass.We aregonna havea greatyear.Steven lookedaroundtheroom asif Mr.Rowe mustbe mistaken.No teacherin hisright mindwould wantSteven tobe partof his classroom.So,while Mr.Roweseemed cheerfuland relaxedthat day of school,it seemedlike Stevenwas angryand confused.（投球）That dayafter classesMr.Rowe choseSteven topitch thekickball duringthe break.Hey,Steven JMr.Rowe merited,You aregood atpitching.Let meshow youmy secrettrick.Mr.Rowe taughtSteven oneofthetricks thatnota singlekid couldperform.Steven learnedfast anddid quitewell!Everyone cheeredfor him!After thekickball,Steven satas closetoMr.Rowe inclasses ashe could.When aquestion wasasked,Steven litup;when heknew theanswer,he raisedhis hand;when heanswered thequestion,his voiceshook.However,he gotthe answerright!He said,with Mr.Rowe,his daysofthefourthgradepromised wonderful.It wasobvious thatSteven grewto love注意.续写词数应为左右Mr.Rowe moreand morewith eachpassing day.1150请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答
2.Time passedquickly thatyear,and beforewe allknew it,it wasthe lastday ofschool.Many yearslater,Mr.Rowe andI were surprised whena handsomeyoung man walked into our classroom,dressed inthearmy uniform.【答案】Paragraph1Time passedquickly thatyea匕and beforewe allit,it wasthe lastdayofschool.All theteachers filledthe sidewalk,waving goodbyetothekids.But onthat particularday,Steven walkedslowly tothe bus,his headdown,tears in his eyes.He boardedthe busreluctantly,hesitated,and thenran backoff the bus tohug Mr.Rowe.I dontA.At9:00pm.B.At10:00pm.C.At11:00pm.听第7段材料，回答第题
8.What isthe relationshipbetween the speakersA.Fellow workers.B.Husband andwife.C.Salesman andcustomer.9What didPeter dolast SundayafternoonA.He wenttoacar show.B.He tooka dayoff.C.He hadmany meetings.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题
10.Why isthe mantalking tothe womanA.To addanother course.B.To getadvice oncredits.C.To plainabout aclass.
11.What isthe manstroubleA.He missedthe deadline.B.He losthisclassschedule.C.He registeredtoo manyclasses.
12.What willthemando nextA.Download aspecial form.B.Choose acourse to drop.C.Ask thehistory professorfor help.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题
13.What kind of roomdidtheman bookA.A singleroom withi bathroom.B.A doubleroom witha bathroom.C.A doubleroom withoutabathroom.
14.What didthemanforget tofill inA.His signatureB.His passportnumber.C.His departuredate.
15.How muchshould theman payA.$
90..B.$
180.C.$
270.
16.What does the womanremind theman todoA.Go tothe InformationDesk.B.Take thekey cardallthe time.C.Sign for the mealsand drinks.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题
17.How longdoes the speakers programlastA.2hours.B.4hours.C.6hours.
18.When docsthe speakerget tothe radiostationA.At4:30am.B.At5:00am.C.At6:00am.
19.What docsthespeakerdo firstafter gettinghome wantto leaveyou.He sobbed.With redrimmedeyes,Mr.Rowe fbrtedhim,“I willmiss you,too.”Paragraph2M-y later,M匚Rowe andI we-esurpriseda handsomemanwalkedintoourclassroom,dressed in the cumyuniform.The youngman stoodtall andproud.It wasSteven!Mr.Rowe andI couldntbelieve oureyes.He salutedand huggedMr.Rowe tightly!”I havee back to schooltoday justto saythanks to you!,,Itismy hopethat everyteacher isblessed withsucha wonderfulexperience of a formerstudent ingbackto say,simply tosay avery simpleTHANKS.【解析】【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了老师对学困生的关心刚开始表示不接受,但Mr.Rowe Steven Steven是老师耐心地教育他，最后学习进步，并在多年后回校感谢老师的故事Mr.Rowe Steven Mr.Rowe【详解】段落续写L
①由第一段首句内容“那一年时间过得很快，不知不觉中，已经是上学的最后一天了”可知，第一段可描写毕业告别的一系列活动尤其是老师和之间的互动Mr.Rowe Steven
②由第二段首句内容“多年以后，当一个穿着军装的英俊年轻人走进我们的教室时，老师和我都很惊Mr.Rowe讶”可知，第二段可描写回学校看望老师的活动和表达了感谢之情StevenMr.Rowe,续写线索上学的最后一天一一师生告别一一恋恋不舍一一与老师道别一一返校一一老2StevenStevenSteven师惊讶--------Steven感谢老师词汇激活3
①跟某人说再见wave goodbyeto sb./say goodbyeto sb.
②坐上车board thebus/get onthebus
③返回情绪类run back/retum/get back
①不情愿地:reluctantly/unwillingly
②惊讶的surprised/astonished/amazed【点睛】[高分句型（运用了现在分词作状语）1].All theteachers filledthe sidewalk,waving goodbyetothekids.[高分句型（使用了动词不定式作目的状语）2].Ihavee backtoschooltoday justtosaythanks toyou!A.Take aquick shower.B.Prepare for the nextday.C.Deal withprogram emails.A.His newwebsite.B.His workexperience.C.His worktimetable.
20.What isthespeakermainly talkingabout第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题;每小题分，满分分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的、D四个选项中选出最佳选项Besides Marie Curie,these womendevoted theirlives toscience andmade significantadvances.Caroline Herschel1750—1848Herschel wasilltreated byher parentsin Hanoveruntil herolder brother,William,brought herto England in1772torun his household in Bath.Later,her brotherswitched careersfrom singingand wentinto astronomy.Caroline followed.Inaddition to assisting her brother inhis observations andin the building of telescopes,Caroline becamea brilliantastronomer in her own right.She wasthe firstwoman todiscover aet shediscovered eightin totaland thefirst tohave herworkpublished bythe RoyalSociety.Barbara McClintock1902—1992While studyingbotany atCornell Universityin the1920s,Barbara McClintockgot herfirst tasteof geneticsand washooked.She continued her researchat universitiesin California,Missouri andGermany beforefinding apermanent homeatCold SpringHarbor inNew York.It wasthere that,after observingthe patternsof colorationof;corn kernels overgenerations ofplants,she determinedthat genescould movewithin andbetween chromosomes.McClintock wasawardeda LaskerPrize in1981and Nobel Prize in
1983.Maria GoeppertMayer1906—1972A Germanimmigrant tothe USwho studiedat JohnsHopkins duringthe GreatDepression,Maria GoeppertMayer,born in1906,continuedherstudies evenwhen nouniversity wouldemploy herand wentontobee achemical physicist.Her mostfamous contributionto modernphysics isdiscovering thenuclear shelloftheatomic nucleus,for whichshe wontheNobel Prizein
1963.She wasthe secondwoman towin aNobel Prize,after MarieCurie.
1.Who mightCaroline Herschelbe mostgrateful tofor herachievements inastronomyA.Her parents.B.Her brother.C.The RoyalSociety.D.Astronomers ofher time.
2.How didBarbara McClintockdraw thefinal conclusionA.By tastingcorn kernels.B.By makingrough guesses.C.By makingcareful observations.D.By researchingat universities.
3.Who wasthefirstwoman NobelPrize winnerA.Caroline Herschel.B.Barbara McClintock.C.Maria GoeppertMayer.D.MarieCurie.【答案】l.B
2.C
3.D【解析】【分析】本文是应用文文章主要介绍了科学界三位伟大女性以及她们所做出的巨大贡献和成就题详解】[1细节理解题根据第二段中“Herschel wasilltreated byher parentsin Hanoveruntil herolder brother,William,broughther toEngland in1772to runhishouseholdinBath.Later,her brotherswitched careersfrom singingand wentintoastronomy.Caroline followed.In additiontoassistingherbrotherinhisobservationsandin thebuildingoftelescopes,（在汉诺威受到父母的虐待，直到她的哥哥Caroline becamea brilliantastronomerinherownright.Herschel William在年把她带到英国，在巴斯经营他的家庭后来，她的哥哥改变了职业，不再唱歌，而是进入了天文学领1772域紧随其后除了协助她哥哥进行观测和建造望远镜外，自己也成为一名出色的天文学家）”Caroline Caroline可知，在天文学方面的成就可能最要感谢她的哥哥故选Caroline HerschelB【题详解】2细节理解题根据部分中Barbara McClintock“It wasthere that,after observingthe patternsof colorationof;corn（就是在那kernelsovergenerations ofplants,she determinedthat genescould movewithin andbetween chromosomes.里，在观察了它的颜色模式之后；经过几代植物的玉米粒，她确定基因可以在染色体内部和染色体之间移动）”可知，是通过观察几代玉米粒的着色规律而得出最终结论的故选Barbara McClintockC【题详解】3细节理解题根据部分中Maria GoeppertMayer“She wasthe secondwoman towin aNobelPrize,after MarieCurie.（她是继居里夫人之后第二位获得诺贝尔奖的女性）”可知，居里夫人是第一个获得诺贝尔奖的女性故选DBAfter graduatingfrom high school in2019,with onlya fewsimple toolsandnoprior constructionexperience,Grankvist setout intothe vastSwedish wildernessto realizehis dreamof building a secludedlog cabinby handall byhimself.With noconstruction crewor plexmachinery,Grankvist choppeddown trees,built a stone foundation,and stacked（月兑离电网的）logs ontop ofone anotherto createhis humbleoffthegrid home.The entireproject isdocumented onGrankvistsYouTube channel,where viewerscan findseveral videosof hisjourneyfrom bravingthe Swedishwinter tolearninghow tothrow axes.I mustadmit thatwhen Ifirst heardabout Grankvist*s project,my initialthought was:“But whatabout college”Did thisman haveany longterm plans for his future that didnt involvebuilding alog cabinWhat about building a steadycareer pathDid heconsider constructinga reliableretirement fundButas thesequestions wererunning throughmy mind,another onestruck me:Why doesit matter^^Why dowe sooften measuresuccess byamount ofschooling orthe socalledlongevity of a stable career path Ifbuilding alog cabinalone in the middleof aSwedish forestwill makeyou happy,then whywouldn*tyou pursue thatinsteadof astable job,even ifit mightmean youmake lessmoney in the longrun Whos telling you that pursuing such aprojectisnt theright“choiceI knowits easyto talka biggame,its notas easyto dropout ofschool andpursue yourwildest fantasy fulltime.Whatmatters is that you never lose sight of what is truly important toyou and whereyour passionslie,even ifyou cantputeverything else on hold.So,inthemidst ofthe ratrace,tree bytree,don*t forgetto buildyour log cabin.
4.What CANTviewers findon GrankvisfsYouTube channelA.He built astonefoundation.B.He usedplex machines.C.He facedup tothe harshwinter.D.He learnedto howto useaxes.
5.Why isthe storyof GrankvistmentionedA.To criticizethe traditionalhighschoolclassroom teaching.B.To explainthe fantasticproject madeby Grankvist.C.To thinkhighlyofthe boyfor hiscleverness.D.To leadup tothe topicof whattruly mattersin life.
6.Which sentencebelow canshow theauthors supportiveattitude toGrankist*s cabinbuildingexperienceA.Did thisman haveany longterm plansforhisfuture thatdidn*t involvebuilding alog cabinB.Did heconsider constructinga reliableretirement fundC.What aboutbuilding asteady career pathD.Whos tellingyou thatpursuing sucha projectisnt the“right“choice
7.What messagedoestheauthor wantto conveyA.Have longtermaims forour future.B.Go offthe gridand buildyour“log cabin”.C.Never talka biggame.D.Make abalance betweenyour passionand career.【答案】
4.B
5.D
6.D
7.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文在高中毕业之后没有继续求学，而是去荒野之林中建立自己的小木Grankvist屋作者借这件事，来探讨人们做选择时究竟什么最重要Grankvist【题详解】4细节理解题根据第二段中“With noconstruction crewor plexmachinery,Grankvist choppeddown trees,builtastone（脱离电网的）（没有施工foundation,and stackedlogs ontop ofone anotherto createhis humbleoffthegrid home.队或复杂的机械，砍倒树木，建了一个石头地基，一个接一个地堆放原木，创造了他简陋的、没有电Grankvist的家）”可知，并没有使用复杂的机器故选Grankvist B【题详解】5推理判断题根据第三段“I mustadmit thatwhen Ifirst heardabout Grankvist^project,my initialthought was:“Butwhat aboutcollege^^Did thisman haveany longtermplansfbr hisfuturethatdidnt involvebuilding alog cabinWhat（我必须承认，当我第一次aboutbuildingasteadycareerpathDid heconsider constructinga reliableretirement fund听到的项目时，我最初的想法是“但大学怎么办？这个人对他的未来有什么长远的计划而不包括建Grankvist造一个小木屋吗？建立一条稳定的职业道路怎么样？他考虑过建立一个可靠的退休基金吗？）”可推知，作者借这件事，来探讨人们做选择时究竟什么最重要故选Grankvist D【题详解】6推理判断题根据倒数第二段“Why dowe sooften measuresuccess byamount ofschooling orthe socalledlongevityof astablecareerpathIfbuildingalogcabinalone inthe middleofaSwedish forestwill makeyou happy,then whywouldntyoupursuethat insteadofastable job,even ifit mightmean youmake lessmoney inthe longrun Who*stelling（为什么我们总是用受教育的程度或所谓的稳定职业道路的youthatpursuingsucha projectisnt theright choice寿命来衡量成功？如果在瑞典的森林中独自建造一间小木屋会让你感到快乐，那么你为什么不去追求它而不是一份稳定的工作，即使这可能意味着从长远来看你赚的钱会更少？谁告诉你追求这样一个项目不是“正确”的选择？）”可推知，选项“谁告诉你追求这样一个项目不是正确的选择？”可以表明作者对的D Grankvist小屋建造经历的支持态度故选D【题详解】7推理判断题根据最后一段“I knowits easyto talka biggame,its notas easytodropout ofschool andpursue yourwildestfantasyfulltime.What mattersis thatyouneverlosesightofwhatistrulyimportanttoyouandwhere yourpassionslie,even ifyou cantput everythingelseonhold.So,inthemidst ofthe ratrace,tree bytree,dont forgetto build（我知道夸夸其谈很容易辍学去追求你最疯狂的幻想可不是件容易的事重要的是，你永远不your logcabin.会忘记什么是真正对你重要的，你的激情在哪里，即使你不能把其他的事情搁置所以，在激烈的竞争中，一棵一棵地，别忘了建造你的小木屋）”可推知，作者想传递的想法就是摆脱世俗束缚，去寻求自己真正想要的东西故选BCMicrosoft hasannounced apolicy requiringits contractors to offeremployees aminimum of12weeks paid parentalleave tocare fora newbornbaby,paying themup to$1,000a week.The policy,which affectsUS-based paniesthat dowork forthetechnology panyandhavemore than50employees,will berolled outover thenext year.It willaffect peopleincludingthe panyscafeteria workers,door keepersand ITsupport staff.Microsoft saidit wasinspired bya new Washington state law for paid parental leave takingeffect in
2020.The newlawonly appliesto contractors1and suppliers*employees inthat state,so Stahlkopf,the panysgeneral counsel,said theywantedto expandit soit wouldntleave thousandsof valuedcontributors outsideof Washingtonbehind.The newpolicy willbring theparental leavebenefits ofaffected contractorsin linewith thoseof fulltime employees,who alsoget12weeks1paid parental leave,while birthmothers getan additional8weeks paid time off.The caseforpaid parental leaveis clear/9said Stahlkopf,inablog post,citing variousstudies showingthat itimprovesproductivity,morale andretention ofnew mothers,Further,when menand womenhave theopportunity totakepaid leave,it canhelp counteractgender caregivingstereotypes andpromote equityinthehome andoffice JaddedStahlkopf.Ellen Bravo,codirector ofFamily Values@Work,a groupthat promotespaid leave,praised Microsoft forthemove.We applaudMicrosoftforthe leadershiptheyVe giveninthefight fbrpaid leaveJ Bravotold CNN.At the same time,wehave to ensure thetime spent,caring babies does not remain aworkplace benefitdependent onwho youwork foror whereyou live.”Microsoft hasbeen under pressure toimprove working conditions for contractors aftersome workersunionized in2014and startedpushing forbenefits likepaid leave.In2015,Microsoft announcedit wouldrequire itssuppliers togivetheir workersat least15days1paidtime off.
8.What inspiredMicrosoft to adopt the new policyA.A newlaw inWashington.B.Its contractors*requirement.C.Its fulltimeworkers*proposal.D.Its generalcounsels kindness.
9.If afulltimeemployeeof Microsoftbears achild,how longisthepaid leaveshe willenjoy accordingtothetextA.15days.B.8weeks.C.12weeks.D.20weeks.
10.Which ofthe followingstatements willBravo probablyagree withA.All employeesshould enjoypaid parental leave.B.Only Washingtoniansdeserve paidparental leave.C.Microsoft isunderpressuretoadoptthenewpolicy.D.Microsoft employees are solucky toget paidparental leave.
11.What isthe passageaboutA.The influenceofa newWashington statelaw.B.Microsoft improvingworkingconditionsforcontractors.C.Microsoft requiringcontractorsto offer paidparental leave.D.The benefits of paidparentalleave.【答案】
8.A
9.D
10.A
11.C【解析】【分析】本文是新闻报道微软将要求其规模在人以上的美国承包商为员工提供至少周的带薪育儿假,介5012绍了此举背后的原因、影响以及人们对此的看法【题详解】8细节理解题根据第二段中“Microsoft saidit wasinspired byanewWashingtonstatelaw forpaidparentalleave taking（微软表示，此举是受到华盛顿州一项将于年生效的带薪育儿假新法律的启发）”可知，是effect in
2020.2020华盛顿的一项新法律促使微软采取了这项新政策故选A【题详解】9细节理解题根据第三段“The newpolicy willbring theparentalleavebenefitsofaffected contractorsin linewith thoseoffulltime employees,who alsoget12weeks paidparentalleave,while birthmothers getan additional8weeks*paid.（新政策将使受影响的合同工的产假福利与全职员工相同，后者还将获得周的带薪产假，而产妇将timeoff12额外获得周的带薪假期）”可知，如果微软的全职员工生了孩子，她可以享受周的带薪假期故选820D【题详解】10推理判断题根据第五段中“At thesame time,we havetoensurethetimespent caringbabiesdoesnotremaina（与此同时，我们必须确保花在照顾婴儿上的workplace benefitdependent onwho youworkforor whereyoulive.时间不会仅仅是一项取决于你为谁工作或住在哪里的工作福利）”可推断，选项“所有员工都应该享受带薪A育儿假”的观点会认同故选Bravo A【题详解】11主旨大意题根据第一段中“Microsoft hasannounced apolicy requiringits contractorstoofferemployeesaminimum of12weeks1paidparentalleave tocare fora newbornbaby,paying themupto$1,000a week.（微软宣布了一项政策，要求其承包商为员工提供至少周的带薪育儿假，以照顾新生儿，每周最高支付美元）”结合文章说明121000了微软将要求其规模在人以上的美国承包商为员工提供至少周的带薪育儿假，介绍了此举背后的原因、5012影响以及人们对此的看法可知，文章主耍介绍了微软要求承包商提供带薪产假故选CD（鲸目动物）Cetaceans municatethrough soundto findfood andto interactsocially.Their soundsvary between（模仿）species andwithin munities.The longfinnedpilot whales can mimicartificial noise,but nobodyhad previouslyrecordedthem.A newstudy,however,found overlapinthecetacean soundbook.（虎鲸），Pilot whales and orcasthe twolargest speciesof cetaceans,areoftenseeninthesameenvironments andaresimilar sizes,and bothlive insocial groupswith strongunion,says CharlotteCure,a researcherat CEREMALab inFrance,who wasnot involvedinthestudy.Orcas petefor foodwith longfinnedpilot whalesandarepotentially theirpredators.（成群田住）Evidence fromorca stomachsshows theydo occasionallyeat pilotwhales.But pilotwhales canmob andchasethem away,the onlycetaceans seendefending themselvesfrom thestrong enemiesin thisway.Mimicry couldserve asadditional defense;One assumptionisthatifthey use similarsounds,they maynot berecognizedas prey,*Erbe says.Pilot whaleseating orcasfood remainsmight gounnoticed iftheyuseorcalike calls.“Thisis allunderwater/1she adds,“so theseanimals relyon soundfor detectingtheir preyand predators.^Longfinned pilotwhaleshave shownan abilityto distinguishbetween orca calls withdifferent meanings;Cure suggeststhat insteadoftricking orcas,the callerscould insteadbe presentinganeworca soundto othergroup members.Additional workwould confirm whether mimicry is actuallyoccurring.Researchers couldpair theirlistening datawithdirectobservationsoftheanimals interactionsinthewildorperhapsevenplayorcasoundsandwatchthe whales*reactions.But ifa futureexperiment usedpredatory sounds,it wouldneed tobe done,very carefully/A reactiontoapredatorcan bevery strong/1Cure says.“In someprotected areas,you arenot allowedtodomore thantwo predatoryplaybacks peryear.”
12.Which ofthe followingis NOTshared bythe pilotwhalesandorcasA.They municatethrough sound.B.They oftenliveinthesameenvironments.C.They candefend themselvesthrough mimicry.D.They alwayslive togetherwith othergroup members.
13.What dowe knowfrom thefourth paragraphA.The pilotwhales mimicthe soundsto detecttheir prey.B.The pilotwhales onlymimic onekindofthe soundsoftheorcas.C.The pilotwhalescanpretend tobe orcasto sharethe foodremains.D.The pilotwhalescandistinguish differentmeanings oforcacallsto trickthem.
14.How dothe researchersconfirmwhethermimicryisactually occurringA.By observingthewhalesfrom thedistance.B.By mimickingthe soundsintheexperiment.。
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