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仁爱版八年级英语上册的单整理人尼克city---cities country---countries.以字母或结尾的名词,将或变为再加5-f-fe-f-fe-v,如-eSohalf-halves thief---thieves leaf---leavesknife---knivesself---selves life---lives但是wife---wivesshelf---shelveswolf---wolvesscarf-scarvesfesloaf---loavesserf---serfschief---chiefsroof---roofsbelief---beliefsgulf---gulfs名词复数的不规则变化IIproof---proofs.将改为如1-oo--eefoot---feet.将改为如:2-man-mentooth——teethman——mewoman——women npoliceman---policemenpostman---postmen.添加词尾如3child---children.单复数同形如4sheep—sheep deer-deerfish--fish people---people复数变化即中日.表示〃某国人〃的单、瑞不变英法5变,其它国把加后面〃如-sJapanese-JapaneseChinese---ChineseSwiss---SwissEnglishman---EnglishmenFrenchman——FrenchmenAmerican——AmericansAustralian——AustraliansCanadian---Canadians Korean---KoreansRussian---Russians Indian——Indians.其它如6mouse---miceapple tree-apple treesman teacher---men teachers双写最后一个字母的分词初中阶段常见的有以下这些14-ing让打、撞l.let fletting hitf hitting切、割玲cut fcutting get取、得到玲getting sitsitting坐玲forget forgettingput忘记f puttingset-setting放玲babysit babysitting设置玲
2.shop shoppingtrip—临时受雇照顾婴儿tripping stopf stopping购物drop fdropping绊
3.travel^travelling swim停止玲玲swimming run放弃running digf digging旅游玲begin beginning游泳玲prefer preferring跑步plan fplanning挖、掘开始宁愿计戈IJ)肯定句变否定句及疑问句要变化的一15些词变为如l.some anyThere are somebirds in the tree.-There arentany birdsin thetree.但是,若在表示请邀请、请求的句子中,可以不some变如:Would youlike someorange juice与此相关的一些不定代词如等也要进行相something,somebody应变化变为如
2.and orI have aknife anda ruler.-I donthave aknife ora ruler.()变为或如
3.a lotof=lots ofmany muchoThey havea lotof(可数名词)好friends.They donthave manyfriends.(不可数名词)There islots oforange in the bottle.-There isntmuch orangein the bottle.变为如
4.already yetIhave been there already,f haventbeenthereyet.)与16in after与都可以表示时间,但二者有所区别in after经常用于将来时的句子中,以现在为起点,表示将来一段时
1.in间如He willleave for Beijing in a week.一周后他会动身去北京经常用于过去时的句子中,以过去为起点,表示过去一段
2.after时间如He leftforBeijingafter a week.一周后他动.去了北京不过,如果后跟的是具体的时刻,它也可用于将来时如ter十点后我们会完成工作的We willfinish thework afterten oclock..注意区分以下的的用法3inIll visithim inaweek.一周后我会去拜访他Ill visithim twiceinaweek.一周内我会去拜访他两次)不定冠词与的使用17a an用在以辅音音素开头的单词前如l.aThere is a,,bn in the word“book”.单词中有个字母bobookShe hasa smallknife.她有一把小刀用于以元音音素开头的单词前如
4.anThere is an iin theword onion”.单词中有个字母onion i0Do youhave anumbrella你有一把雨伞吗?.以元音字母开头的单词前面不一定都用;以辅音字母开头的5an单词前面也不一定都用如aa usefulbooka universeaone-letter wordanhouran uncleanumbrellaan honestperson)如何表达英语中的“穿、戴〃?18英语中表示穿、戴〃的表达方法有好几种,常见的有以下这些、主要表达〃穿〃的动作如:1put on他穿上了他的外套He put on hiscoat.你最好穿上你的鞋子Youd betterputonyour shoes.、主要表示〃穿、戴〃的状态如2wear老人戴着——副眼镜The oldman wearsa pairof glasses.那女孩穿着一条红色的短裙The girlis wearinga redskirt.可作及物动词,有“给......穿衣〃的意思,后接人〃,而3dress不是“衣服〃如请立即给孩子们穿Please dressthe childrenright now.上衣服也可作不及物动词,表示衣着的习惯如dress那位妇女总是穿绿色的衣服The womanalways dressesin green.、表示穿着的状态如4be in约翰今天穿白色的衣服John isin whitetoday.The manin blackisafootball coach.与19a little,a fewa bitof与都有“一些、少量〃的意义他们的区别在a little,a fewa bitof哪里呢?意为〃一些、少量〃,后接不可数名词如
1.a little瓶子里有一点水There isa littlewater in thebottle.还可以接形容词如他有些害羞He isa littleshy.意为〃一些、少数〃,后接复数的可数名词如
2.a few房间里有一些人Therearea fewpeople inthe room.意为〃一点儿〃,后接形容词如
3.a bit有点冷Its a bit cold.后接不可数名词如a bitof他有一点儿钱He hasa bitof money.表肯定意义,表否定意义;表肯定意义,表
4.a littlelittle a few few否定意义如杯子里有一点儿汽水There isa little soda inthe glass.杯子里几乎没有汽水ToThere islittlesodaintheglass.我有一些中国朋友IhaveafewChinese friends.几乎没有人喜欢他Few peoplelike him.后接不可数名词;
5.a little=a bitof,后接形容词,意为“有点儿〃a little=abit=a littlebit=kind of,关于的用法20like可以作动词,也可以作介词like、作动词,表示一般性的“爱好、喜欢〃,有泛指的含1like义如:你喜爱这种颜色吗?Do youlike thecolor后可接不定式也可接动词的分词like liketo do sth,-ing like有时意思不尽doing sth,I整理尼克至文档信息来自于网络,如您发现内容不准确或不完善,欢迎您联系我修正;如您发现内容涉嫌侵权,请与我们联系,我们将按照相关法律规定及时处理仁爱版八年级英语上册的单元知识点+初中英语班3的用法1leave〃地点〃表示“离开某地〃例如l.leave+When didyou leaveShanghai你什么时候离开上海的?地点〃表示“动身去某地〃例如2/1eave for+Next Friday,Alice isleaving forLondon.下周五,爱丽斯要去伦敦了地点地点〃表示“离开某地去某地〃例如
3.leave++for+Why areyou leavingShanghai forBeijing你为什么要离开上海去北京?情态动词〃应该〃学会使用2should作为情态动词用,常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等,有“竟should会〃的意思,例如:我怎么知道?How shouldI know你今天为什么来得这么晚?Why shouldyou beso latetoday有时表示应当做或发生的事,例如should我们应当互相帮助We shouldhelp eachother.我们在使用时要注意以下几点用于表示〃应该〃或不应该〃的概念此时常指长辈教导或责
1.备晚辈例如你应该把手洗干净了再来You shouldbe herewith cleanhands.用于提出意见劝导别人例如
2.如果你感觉不舒服,你最好You shouldgo to the doctorif youfeel ill.去看医生用于表示可能性的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之
3.should一例如我们在晚饭前就能到了We shouldarrive bysupper time.She should她随时都可能来be hereany moment,与都是疑问代词,都可以指人或事物,但是仅用
1.what whichwhat来询问职业如你父亲是干什么的?What isyour father该句相当于What doesyour fatherdoWhat isyour fathersjob指代的是特定范围内的某一个人如Which一哪个是皮特?Which isPeter玛丽背后的那个男孩—The boybehind Mary.是泛指,所指的事物没有范围的限制;而
2.What...是特指,所指的事物有范围的限制如Which...(所有颜色)What colordo youlike best你最喜爱什么颜色?Which colordo youlike best,blue,green oryellow(有特定的范围)你最喜爱哪一种颜色?与后都可以接单、复数名词和不可数名词如
3.what whichWhichpictures arefrom China哪些图片来自中国?)频度副词的位置4常见的频度副词有以下这些L(总是,一直)always(通常)usually(常常,经常)often(有时候)sometimes(从不)never.频度副词的位置2放在连系动词、助动词或情态动词后面如a.David isoften arriveslate forschool.大卫上学经常迟到放在行为动词前如b.We usually go toschool at7:10every day.我们每天经常在去上学710有些频度副词可放在句首或句尾,用来表示强调如c.Sometimes Iwalk home,sometime Irides abike.有时我步行回家,有时我骑自行车放在句首时,主语、谓语动词要倒装如
3.never Neverhave Ibeenthere.与5every dayeveryday作状语,译为每一天〃如
1.every dayWego toschool at7:10every day.我们每天去上学710I decideto readEnglish everyday.我决定每天读英语作定语,译为“日常的〃
2.everydayShe watcheseveryday Englishon TVafter dinner.她晚饭后在电视上看日常英语Whats youreveryday activity你的日常活动是什么?什么是助动词
6.协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词1Auxiliary Verbo被协助的动词称作主要动词Main Verb助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用,例如他不喜欢英语He doesnt like English.是助动词,无词义;是主要动词,有词义doesntlike.助动日协助主要动词完成以下功用,可以用来2表示时态,例如a.他在唱歌He issinging.他已结婚He hasgot married.表示语态,例如b.他被派往英国He wassent toEngland.构成疑问句,例如c.你喜欢大学生活吗?Do youlike collegelife你来这儿Did youstudy Englishbefore youcame here之前学过英语吗?与否定副词合用,构成否定句,例如d.not我不喜欢他I dontlike him.加强语气,例如e.明天晚上一定来参加Do cometo theparty tomorrowevening.晚会他的确知道那件事He didknow that..最常用的助动词有)3be,have,do shall,will,should,would7z与forget doing/to doremember doing/to do忘记要去做某事(未做)l.forget todo忘记做过某事(已做)forget doingThe light inthe office is still on.He forgotto turn it off.办公室的灯还在亮着,它忘记关了(没有做关灯的动作)He forgotturningthe lightoff.他忘记他已经关了灯了(已做过关灯的动作)Dont forget to cometomorrow.别忘了明天来(动作未做)to come典型例题----Thelightintheofficeisstillon.---Oh,I forgot.A.turning it off B.turnit offC.to turnitoffD.having turneditoff答案由川可知灯亮着,即关灯的动作没有发Co thelight isst on生,因此用而表示灯已经关上了,而自己忘forgettodosth.forget doing sth记了这一事实此处不符合题意记得去做某事(未做)
2.remember todo记得做过某事(已做)remember doing记着放学后去趟邮Remember togo to the postoffice afterschool.局Dont youremember seeingthe manbefore你不记得以前见过那个人吗?)和8Its forsb.Its ofsb.常用于表示事物的特征特点,表示客观形式的形
1.forsb.容词,如等easy,hard,difficult,interesting,impossible对他来说学两门外语Its veryhard forhim tostudy twolanguages,是很难的的句型一般用表示人物的性格,品德,表示主观感情或态度
2.ofsb的形容词,如good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,righto你来帮助我,你真是太好了Its verynice ofyou tohelp me.与的辨别方法
3.for of用介词后面的代词作主语,用介词前边的形容词作表语,造个句子如果道理上通顺用不通则用如of,for(通顺,所以应用)You arenice.of(人是困难的,不通,因此应用)He ishard.for)对两个句子的提问9新目标英语在命题中有将对句子划线提问这一题型取消的趋势,现在采取的作法是对一个句子进行自由提问例如句子The boyin bluehas three pens.提问l.Who has threepens
2.Which boyhasthreepens
3.What doesthe boyin bluehave
4.How manypens doesthe boyin bluehave很显然,学生多了更多的回答角度,也体现了考试的灵活性再如句子He usually goes to the park with his friends at8:00on Sunday.提问l.Who usuallygoes tothe parkwith his friends at8:00onSunday
2.Where does he usuallygo with hisfriendsat8:00onSunday
3.What does he usuallydo withhisfriendsat8:00onSunday
4.With whomdoeshe usuallygo tothe park at8:00onSunday
5.What timedoesheusuallygototheparkwithhis friendsonSunday
6.When doesheusuallygototheparkwithhisfriends与不定冠词的使用10so such与不定冠词、连用,结构为形容词名词〃如l.so aan“so++a/an+He isso funnya boy.Jim hasso biga house.与不定冠词、连用,结构为形容词+名词〃
2.such aan such+a/an+如:It issuch anice day.That wassuch aninteresting story.使用分词的几种情况11-ing.在进行时态中如1He iswatching TVintheroom.They weredancing atnine oclocklast night..在结构中如2there beThereisaboy swimmingintheriver..在结构中如3have fun/problemsWe havefun learningEnglish thisterm.They hadproblems gettingtothetop ofthe mountain..在介词后位如4Thanks forhelping me.Are yougood atplaying basketball..在以下结构中5enjoy doing sth finishdoing sthfeel like乐于做某事doing sthstop doing sth forgetdoing sthgo完成做某事on doing sth rememberdoing sthlike doing想要做某事sth keepsb doingsth停止做某事忘记做过某事继续做某事记得做过某事喜欢做某事使某人一直做某发现某人做某事find sbdoing sthsee/hear/watch sbdoingsth看至U/听至I」/观看某人做某事try doingsth needdoingsthprefer doing试图做某事sth minddoingsthpractice doingsth be需要做某事busy doingsth canthelp doingsth miss宁愿做某事doingsth介意做某事练)英语中的“单数〃习做某事忙于12主语的第三人称单数形式,即可用〃做某事禁不住
1.he,she,it〃代替的做某事错过做如:某事he,she,itmy friend,his teacher,our classroom,Tom,Marys uncle.名词有单数名词和复数名词如2(单数)一(复数)(单数)man menbanana(复数)---bananas.动词有原形,第三人称单数形式,分词,过去式,过去分词3-ing如go__goes---going---went---gonework---works---working---worked---workedwatch---watches---watching---watched---watched当主语为第三人称单数的时候,谓语动词必须用相应的第三人称单数形式如The boywants tobe asales assistant.Our Englishteacher isfrom theUS.Their daughtermakes herbreakfast allby herself.)英语中的〃单数〃12主语的第三人称单数形式,即可用〃代替的L he,she,it如:he,she,itmy friend,his teacher,our classroom,Tom,Marysuncle.名词有单数名词和复数名词如(单数)一(复数)2man men(单数)banana(复数)-bananas.动词有原形,第三人称单数形式,分词,过去式,过去分3-ing词如go---goes-going-went-gonework---works---working---worked---workedwatch---watches---watching---watched---watched当主语为第三人称单数的时候,谓语动词必须用相应的第三人称单数形式如The boywants tobe asales assistant.Our Englishteacher isfrom theUS.Their daughtermakes herbreakfast allby herself.)名词的复数构成的几种形式13名词复数的构成可分为规则变化和不规则变化两种名词复数的I规则变化.一般在名词词尾加如1-spear---pearshamburger---hamburgersdesk---desks tree---trees.以字母结尾的名词,词尾加如2-s,-sh,-ch,-x-es class-classesdish-disheswatch---watches box---boxes.以字母结尾的某些名词,词尾加如3-o-espotato---potatoestomato---tomatoesNegro---Negroes hero---heroes.以辅音字母加结尾的名词,将变为再加如4-y-y-i,-esfamily---familiesdictionary-dictionaries。
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