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高频近义词辨析及重点派生词规律中考英语常用高频近义词(短语)辨析组
2001.clothes,cloth,clothing统指各种衣服,谓语动词永远是复数,指布,为不可数名词服装的总称,指一件衣服clothes clothclothing用a pieceof,an articleof
2.incident,accident指小事件,指不幸的事故incident accidentHe waskilled in the accident.
3.amount,number后接不可数名词,后接可数名词amount numbera number of students
4.family,house,home家,包括住处和家人,房子,住宅,家庭成员.home housefamily Myfamily is a happyone.
5.sound,voice,noise自然界各种各样的声音,人的嗓音,噪音sound voicenoise Ihate theloud noiseoutside.
6.photo,picture,drawing用照相机拍摄的照片,可指相片,图片,电影片,画的画photo picturedrawingLets goand see a goodpicture.
7.vocabulary,word词汇,一个人拥有的单词量,具体的单词vocabulary wordHe has a largevocabulary.
8.population,people人口,人数,具体的人population peopleChina hasa largepopulation.
9.weather,climate一天内具体的天气状况,长期的气候状况weather climateThe climatehere is not goodfor you.
10.road,street,path,way具体的公路,马路,街道,小路,小径,道路,途径road streetpath waytakethis road;in thestreet,show methe wayto themuseum.
11.course,subject课程(可包括多门科目),科目(具体的学科)course subjecta summercourse
12.custom,habit传统风俗,习俗,也可指生活习惯,后接生活习惯,习惯成自然,后接custom todo,habit of doing.Tve got thehabit ofdrinking a lot.及物动词,不及物动词,后接answer replyto replyto theletter
114.leave,leave for离开,前往leave leavefor Heleft Beijingfor Shanghai.
115.rob,steal抢劫偷rob robsb.of sth.,steal stealsth.from sb.
116.shoot,shoot at射死,瞄准,但不一定射中shoot shootat Heshot thebird andit died.
117.drop,fall及物不及物均可,不及物动词drop fallPrices fell/dropped.He droppedhis voice.
118.search,search for后接地点,后接东西search searchfor Hesearched hispocket formoney.
119.used to,be used to过去常常,习惯于,后接;被用来,后接used to be used to sth./doing sth.do sth.He isused to getting up early.
120.win,lose,beat后接反义词为后接win sth.,lose,beat sb.win thegame,beat them
121.live on,live by以…为主食,靠…谋生live onlive bylive onfish/live byfishing
122.beat,hit,strike连续性地击打;打中,对准打;打一下或若干下beat hitstrike beat the wings
123.meet,meet with遇到,体验至遭遇到meet meet with U,meetwith an accident
124.lose,miss失去具体的物体,错过;想念,错过lose sth.is lost,lose thechance misssth.is missing,miss thechance
125.be tiredof,be tiredwith/frombe tiredof厌烦・・.,be tiredwith/from因为…而累了be tiredwith/from running800meters
126.care about,care for关心,计较,在乎,一般多用于否定句中;关心,照料,喜欢,愿意care aboutcare forHedoesnt careabout hisclothes.I dontcare formovies.
127.catch a cold,have acold不能和表示“一段时间”的状语连用,而可以catch acold havea coldShehas hadacoldfor aweek.
128.change for,change into调换成,变成change forchange intoChange theshirt for a biggerone.Water changesinto ice.
129.continue,last二者均为持续,主动,被动均可,只能用主动continue lastThe warcontinued/lasted fiveyears.The storyis tobecontinued.
130.feed,raise喂养,养活,饲养饲养,养育feed togive foodto,raise causeto grow,bring upchildrenraise thefamily
131.go for a doctor,go to a doctor去请医生,去看病go for a doctorgo toa doctor
132.notice,observe,catch sightof注意到,观察,仔细地看,突然看到notice observecatch sightof observethe stars
133.insist on,stick to坚持要求,后常接坚持,后常接insist ondoing,stick tosth.stick to the plan
134.look,seem,appear指从外表上看,指内心的判断,指给人以表面的印象look seemappear appearwise,look likehis father
135.gather,collect把分散的东西集中到一起,指精心地、有选择地进行收集gather collectcollect stamps
136.mean to do,mean doing打算,想要做某事,意思是,意味着mean to do meandoingBy thisI meangiving thestudents morepractice.
137.die from,die of表示死于(枪)伤,虚弱,过度劳累,饮食过度等,表示死于疾病,饥饿,die fromdie of寒冷,年老,忧愁,失恋等精神因素die ofhunger andcold
138.pay for,pay back,pay off为…付钱,还钱,但不一定还清,还清pay forpay backpay offpay for the book,pay offthe debt
139.divide,separate把一个整体分成儿部分,把连在一起的个体分开divide separatedividethe apple,separate thehouses
140.arrive,get,reach不及物动词,后接(大地点),(小地点),不及物动词后接及物动词arrive in at get to,reacharrive inBeijing,gettoBeijing,reach Beijing
141.grow,plant使某种植物在某地生长着或使其发展下去,移植,移栽已经长成秧苗的植物grow plantplantthe trees,trees aregrowing
142.manage,try设法做成了某事,尽力去做某事但不一定成功manage to do tryto doHetried topass the exam,but hefailed.
143.choose,select凭个人的判断力进行选择,有目的地仔细认真地选择choose selectchoose thebest answer
144.build,put up,set up,found一般用语,建成,临时搭建,建成(内部的设施基本齐全),build putup set up国家或组织的建成found putup atent,setupa school
145.be familiar to,be familiarwith某物对某人来说是熟悉的,某人熟悉某物be familiarto befamiliar withThebook isfamiliartome.Im familiarwith the book.
146.agree with,agree to,agree on同意某人,同意某事,在—达成一致意见,主语是复数agree withagree toagree onb agreewith you,agree totheplan扔至朝.••扔
147.throw to,throw atthrowto throw at Hethrowastone atme.
148.receive,accept收到某一东西,但不一定接受,接受receive acceptI receiveda gift,but I didnt acceptit.
149.wear,put on,dress和表状态,接衣服等,可用进行时,接人,表动作wear dresswear dressbe dressedin,put onItscold outside.Put onyour warmclothes.强调动作,强调结果
150.listen,hear listenhear Ilistened,but Iheard nothing.
151.look,see,watch看的动作,看的结果,强调所看物体的变化、移动和发展look seewatch watchTV躺,位于说谎平放
152.lie,lay lielay,lain,lied,lied,lay laid,laid laythe book
153.work as,act as工作是充当某种职务或身份,或扮演某种角色work asact asHe worksasa teacher.He actsas aninterpreter.
154.move,remove动一动,但不一定移走,从一处移到另一处move removeremove thetable tothe kitchen
155.hurt,injure,wound感情上受伤,事故中受伤,战争中受伤hurt injurewound Hewas woundedin thewar.
156.turn,get,grow表突变,后常接表颜色的词,强调变的结果,强调过程,逐渐的变化turn getgrowturn yellow,get tired,grow big
157.close,shut,turn off和当关解时可以通用,用于可开合的物体,用于指有开关的物体close shutturn offClose/Shut thedoor.Turn offthe TV.
158.set out,set about,set off指出发,着手解时,后接后接后接set outto do,set aboutdoing,set offfor sp.
159.begin,start侧重时间的开始,反义词为侧重由静到动的转折,反义词为begin end,start stopClassbegins at7:30a.m.
160.happen,take place偶然性的没有预料到的事情的发生,必然性的发生happen takeplaceGreat changeshave takenplace inmy hometown.(表地点)小地点,大地点
161.at,in atin arriveat asmall village,arrive inShanghai在工作,在上班,有职业,有工作
162.at work,in workatwork inworkBothmy parentsare atwork.They arenot athome.
163.increase to,increase byincreaseto增长到・・.,increase by增长了…The numberincreased by2,000to5,
000.舒适地,安逸地;容易地,无困难地
164.at ease,with easeat easewith easedo itwith ease
165.day afterday,day by day日复一日(无变化);一天天地(有变化)day afterday daybydayTrees growtaller dayby day.相似关系,但并不等同,同一关系,两者实为一体
166.like,as likeas()Dont treatme asa child.In fact,Tm a child.俵时间)接时间点,接时间段
167.after,in afterin after7:00,in fiveminutes
168.between,among两者之间,三者或三者以上两两之间,三者或三者以上之间between amongSwitzerlandlies betweenFrance,Germany,Australia andItaly.(表位置)
169.after,behind强调次序的先后,强调物体静态位置的前后after behindThere aremany treesbehind thehouse.(完成时间状语)
170.since,for接点时间或一句话,接一段时间since forfor threeyears,since3:
00171.on the corner,in thecomer,at the corner物体表面的角上,物体内部的角落里,on thecorner in thecorner物体外部的角落上(拐角处)at thecorner on thecornerof thetable
172.warn sb.of,warn sb.against提醒某人注意某事,提醒某人不要做某事warn sb.of warnsb.againstwarn himagainst swimmingin thatpart of the river平静地,和平地
173.at peace,in peaceat peacein peacelive inpeace with ones neighbors
174.on earth,on theearth,in theearth在世上,在人间,到底,究竟,一点也不,在地上,在地球上,on earthon theearth在地下,在泥土里in theearth nouse onearth
175.in surprise,to one*s surprise,by surprise惊奇地,使某人吃惊的是,使…惊慌in surpriseto onessurprise bysurpriseThe questiontook theprofessor bysurprise.
176.in the air,on the air,in thesky正在酝酿中,播送,广播,在天空中in theair on theairin theskyHis showis on theairat6:00tonight.
177.in the field,on thefield在野外,在战场上in thefield on thefieldHe losthis lifeon thefield.
178.in the market,on themarket表示场所或地点,在市场上,出售in themarket on the marketHesells fishin themarket.Fresh vegetablesare on themarketnow.
179.in the sun,under the sun在阳光下,地球上,全世界in thesun underthesunpeople underthesun
180.in avoice,with one voice出声地,异口同声地in avoice withonevoiceThey refusedwithonevoice.
181.through,across through穿越空间,across在____b穿过through theforest,across thedesert
182.on the way,in the way在前往…的路上,挡路on theway in thewayThe chairis in theway.在上面,不接触,在上面,接触,在正上方
183.above,on,over aboveon overfly overthe hill
184.until,not...until到…为止,直至.才(常跟点动词连用)until lj..I waiteduntil3:
00.He didntcome until3:
00.
185.besides,except,except for除了…还(包括在内)除了(不包括在内),besides exceptexcept for整体・・•除了某——点以夕卜The compositionis goodexceptfora fewspelling mistakes.
186.whether,if当是否解时,只有在宾语从句中二者可以互换,其余都用当如果解时用whether,if I dont knowif/whether hewillcome.If hecomes,1*11let youknow.
187.and,or并且,或者,否则,常用于否定句中and orI dontlike applesor bananas.Hurry upand youllcatch thebus.Hurry upor youllmiss thebus.
188.because,since,as,for原因由强到弱为在句中的位置如下))because,since/as,for.
1...because...2Since/as......53)..fbr...Since I was ill,Ididn!t go.(表时间)
189.when,as,while从句动词点动词,持续性动词均可,重在表示动作同时发生,伴随进行,when as从句动词为持续性动词while WhileI slept,a thiefbroke in.
190.the same...as,the same...that和…一样的(相似但不同一),同一物体the same…as the same...that(同一支笔)This is thesamepen thatI usedyesterday.
191.as well,as well as也,常放于句末,和连用表示既…又;并列连词,不但…而且…as welland as wellasHe isa professor,and awriteraswell.
192.such...as,such...that像…样的,如此…以至于such...as such...that He isnotsuch afool ashe lookslike.He issuch a good studentthat all the teacherslike him.
193.because,because of连词,连接两句话,介词短语,后接词或短语because because ofHe didntgo toschool becauseof hisillness.
194.in orderthat,in order to表目的,后接句子,后接动词原形in orderthat inorder toI got up early inordertocatch thefirst bus.Igotupearlyso thatI couldcatch thefirst bus.
195.for example,such as一般只列举一个,列举多个例子for examplesuch asI have beentoa lot ofAmerican cities,such asNew York,Atlanta andChicago.
196.usedto,would表过去常常,和现在相对应用不提现在用usedto,wouldI usedtogetupearly,but nowIdont.
197.All right.That*s allright.Thatfs right.当好吧解时,可以替换;当不客气,没关系解时只能用All right.Thats allright.Thats allright.That*s right.那是对的---Sorry.---Thats allright.
198.such...that,so...that当如此…以至于解时,修饰名词,修饰形容词或副词,但名词前面如果有such...that so…that many,much,little,修饰用不用few so...that,such thatsomany peoplethat...such alovely boy=so lovelya boy主语,主语
199.so+be have,can,do+neithernor+be have,can,do+也一样,肯定用否定用一so…neither nor---1can,t playtennis.Nor canI.
200.Shall!...Will you...Shall
1...征求对方意见或向对方请示,意为我能・..吗请求或建议对方做某事,意为你愿意…吗?Will you…Will youhelp meYes,I will.中考英语词汇派生规律及特例
一、名词变形容词一名词+・y结尾雾一有雾的
1.fog foggy健康一健康的
2.health healthy幸运一幸运的
3.luck lucky云一多云的
4.cloud cloudy风一有风的
5.wind windy雨一多雨的
6.rain rainy雪一下雪的
7.snow snowy太阳一阳光灿烂的
8.sun sunny睡觉一昏昏欲睡的
9.sleep sleepy
13.cause,reason指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因,后接用来解释某种现象或结果的理由,causeofsth./doing sth,reason后接for sth./doing sth.the reasonfor beinglate
14.exercise,exercises,practice运动,锻炼(不可数),练习(可数),(反复做的)练习exercise exercisespracticePractice makesperfect.
15.class,lesson作”课解时,两者可以替换.指课文用指班级或全体学生用lesson.class,lesson6;class
516.speech,talk,lecture指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说,日常生活中的一般的谈话,讲话,学术性speech talklecture的演讲,讲课a seriesof lectureon...
17.officer,official部队的军官,政府官员officer officialan armyofficer
18.work,job二者均指工作不可数,可数work joba goodjob
19.couple,pair主要指人或动物,多指由两部分组成的东西couple paira pairof trousers
20.country,nation,state,land侧重指版图,疆域,指人民,国民,民族,侧重指政府,政体,国土,国家country nationstate landThe wholenationwas sadatthenews.
21.cook,cooker厨师,厨具cook cookerHe isagoodcook.
22.damage,damages不可数名词,损害,损失;复数形式,赔偿金damage damages$900damages
23.police,policeman警察的总称,后接复数谓语动词,指某个具体的警察police policemanThe policeare questioningeveryone in thehouse.
24.problem,question常和困难连系,前面的动词常为常和疑问连系,多和连problem thinkabout,solve,raise,question ask,answer用
25.man,a man人类一个男人man,a manMan willconquer nature.噪音一吵闹的
11.noise noisy娱乐一滑稽的
12.fun funny冰一覆盖着冰的
13.ice icy
(二)名词+・ly结尾朋友一友好的
1.friend friendly月一每月的
2.month monthly爱一可爱的
3.love lovely周一每周的
4.week weekly天—每日的
5.day daily
(三)名词加Jess(包含变y为i加・ful)漂亮一漂亮的
1.beauty beautiful欢呼一欢乐的
2.cheer cheerful疼一疼痛的
3.pain painful奇迹一美妙的
4.wonder wonderful颜色一多彩的
5.colour colourful和平一和平的
6.peace peaceful家一无家可归的
7.home homeless成功一成功的
8.success successful结束一无尽的
9.end endless力量一强有力的
10.power powerful用一有用的一无用的
11.use usefuluseless帮助一有益的一无助的
12.help helpfulhelpless害处一有害的一无害的
13.harm harmfulharmless照顾一细心的一粗心的
14.care carefulcareless希望一有希望的一无希望的
15.hope hopefulhopeless意义一有意义的一无意义的
16.meaning meaningfulmeaningless
(四)名词+・al结尾药一医学的
1.medicine medical自然一自然的
2.nature natural社会一社会的;社交的
3.society social人一私人的
4.person personal民族一国家的
5.nation national传统一传统的
6.tradition traditional中心一中心的
7.centre central教育一教育的;有教育意义的
8.education educational音乐一音乐的
9.music musical
(五)名词加・ese/・n/・ish/・ch/・ian/・an(表某国的)中国一中国的
1.China Chinese日本一日本的
2.Japan Japanese印度一]度的
3..India IndianE|亚洲一亚洲的
4.Asia Asian非洲一非洲的
5.Africa African美国一美国的
6.America American英国一英国的
7.Britain British西班牙一西班牙的
8.Spain Spanish英格兰一英语的
9.England English法国一法国的
10.France French澳大利亚一澳大利亚的
11.Australia Australian加拿大一加拿大的
12.Canada Canadian欧洲——欧洲的
13.Europe European
(六)名词加・ous变形容词危险的
1.danger-dangerous幽默的
2.humor—humorous
(七)名词加・e(r)n变形容词东部的
1.east—eastern一金色的
2.gold golden木制的
3.wood-wooden西部的
4.west—western南部的
5.south—southern一北部的
6.north northern
(八)名词加-able变形容词(含去・e)时髦的
1.fashion-fashionable有价值的
2.value-valuable知识渊博的
3.knowledge-knowledgeable
(九)其他死一死的
1.death dead愉快一高兴的
2.pleasure pleasant/pleased骄傲一自豪的
3.pride proud病;疾病一有病的;不健康的
4.illness ill高度一高的
5.height high夕卜国人一夕卜国的
6.foreigner foreign真相一真实的
7.truth true
二、名词变名词艺术一艺术家;画家
1.art artist观光一游客
2.tour tourist科学一科学家
3.science scientist村庄一村民
4.village villager朋友一友谊
5.friend friendship商业一男商人女商人
6.business businessman/businesswoman音乐一音乐家
7.music musician魔术一魔术师
8.magic magician钢琴一钢琴家
9.piano pianist小提琴一小提琴家
10.violin violinist
三、动词变名词
(一)动词+・er结尾驾驶一驾驶员;司机
1.drive driver教一老师
2.teach teacher工作一工人
3.work worker写一作家
4.write writer报道一记者
5.report reporter赢一获胜者
6.win winner拥有一拥有者;主人
7.own owner经营一经理
8.manage manager笑一笑声
9.laugh laughter制作一生产者
10.make maker画画一画家
11.paint painter领导一领导者
12.lead leader攀登一登山者
13.climb climber
(二)动词+・or结尾扮演一男演员;演员
1.act actor参观一观光者
2.visit visitor发明一发明家
3.invent inventor收藏一收藏者;收藏家
4.collect collector弓导一导演
5.direct Idirector
(三)动词+・ress结尾扮演一女演员
1.act actress等待一女服务员
2.wait waitress
(四)动词+・ment结尾同意一同意
1.agree agreement发展一发展
2.develop development激动一激动
3.excite excitement取得一成就
4.achieve achievement移动一移动
5.move movement
(五)动词+・tion/sion结尾收集一收集
1.collect collection讨论一讨论
2.discuss discussion教育一教育
3.educate education决定一决定
4.decide decision动手术一手术
5.operate operation指导一指导;用法说明
6.instruct instruction发明一发明
7.invent invention建议一建议
8.suggest suggestion邀请一邀请
9.invite invitation污染一污染
10.pollute pollution发音一发音
11.pronounce pronunciation保护一保护
12.protect protection介绍一介绍
13.introduce introduction
(六)动词+・ing结尾开始一开始
1.begin beginning建造一大楼
2.build building画一绘画
3.paint painting打招呼一招呼
4.greet greeting训练一训练
5.train training会面一会议
6.meet meeting意思一意义
7.mean meaning打开一开幕式
8.open opening说一谚语
9.say saying感觉一感情
10.feel feeling
(七)动词+其他能够一能力
1.able ability行动一活动
2.act activity选择一选择
3.choose choice做饭一炊具
4.cook cooker死一死亡
5.die death飞一飞行;航班
6.fly flight知道一知识
7.know knowledge使高兴一愉快
8.please pleasure生产一产品
9.produce product劝告一忠告;建议
10.advise advice月艮务一月艮务
11.serve service讲一演讲
12.speak speech坐一座位
13.sit seat成功一成功
14.succeed success旅游一游客
15.tour tourist称重一重量
16.weigh weight发现一发现
17.discover discovery
四、动词变形容词
(一)动词加关心一关心的
1.care careful忘记一健忘的
2.forget forgetful帮助一有益的
3.help helpful感谢一感激的
4.thank thankful使用一有用的
5.use useful想知道一极好的
6.wonder wonderful
(二)动词加(包含去加)-able e-able欣赏一有乐趣的
1.enjoy enjoyable适合一合适的
2.suit suitable安慰一舒服的
3.comfort comfortable利用一可获得的
4.avail available相信一令人相信的
5.believe believable再使用一可重复使用的
6.reuse reusable改变一可改变的
7.change changeable
(三)动词加・ed/・ing(包含去e力口・ed/・ing)使惊愕一大为惊奇的一令人惊喜的
1.amaze amazedamazing使厌烦一烦闷的一无聊的
2.bore boredboring使激动一激动的一令人激动的
3.excite excited exciting使惊吓一惊吓的一骇人的
4.frighten frightenedfrightening使感兴趣一感兴趣的一有趣的
5.interest interestedinteresting使放松一放松的一令人放松的
6.relax relaxedrelaxing发展一发达的一发展中的
7.develop developeddeveloping使惊奇一吃惊的一令人吃惊的
8.surprise surprisedsuiprising厌倦一疲倦的一令人困倦的
9.tire tiredtiring
(四)动词加・ive(包含去e加・ive)表演一积极的
1.act active创造一有创造力的
2.create creative
(五)动词加前缀a-活着一活着的
1.live alive睡觉一睡着的
2.sleep asleep醒一醒的
3.wake awake
(六)动词词尾变y为i加・ed担心一担心的
1.worry worried结婚一已婚的
2.marry married使满意一满意的
3.satisfy satisfied
(七)特殊情况死亡一死的
1.die dead丢失一丢失的
2.lose lost睡觉一困倦的
3.sleep sleepy说话一口语的
4.speak spoken品尝一美味的
5.taste tasty打破一破损的
6.break broken
五、形容词变名词
(一)形容词加・ness(包含变y为i加・ness)忙碌的一商业
1.busy business川有病的一疾病
2.illness幸福的一幸福
3.happy happiness悲伤的一悲伤
4.sad sadness有病的一疾病
5.sick sickness善良的一善良
6.kind kindness粗心的一粗心
7.careless carelessness弱的一弱点
8.weak weakness
(二)以结尾的形容词变为ttce自信的一信心
1..confident confidence不同的一不同点
2.different difference耐心的一耐心
3.patient patience安静的一安静
4.silent silence重要的一重要性
5.important importance
(三)特殊情况宽阔的一宽度
1.wide width安全的一安全
2.safe safety有能力的一能力
3.able ability真实的一真相
4.true truth困难的一困难
5.difficult difficulty高的一高度
6.high height
六、形容词变副词
(一)形容词+ly坏的一坏地;严重地
1.bad badly明亮的一明亮地
2.bright brightly清楚的一清楚地
3.clear clearly正确的一正确地
4.correct correctly最后的一最后
5.final finally一般的一一般来讲
6.general generally礼貌的一有礼貌地
8.polite politely恰当的一合适地
9.proper properly主要的一主要地
10.main mainly多数一多半,大多数
11.most mostly快的一快地
12.quick quickly安静的一安静地
13.quiet quietly真的一真正地
14.real really最近的一最近
15.recent recently迟的一最近;近来
16.late lately难过的一悲哀地
17.sad sadly慢的一慢慢地
18.slow slowly正常的一正常地
19.normal normally突然的一突然地
20.sudden suddenly柔软的一轻柔地
21.soft softly平常的一平常地
22.usual usually勇敢的一勇敢地
23.brave bravely漂亮的一漂亮地
24.beautiful beautifully完全的一完全地
25.complete completely激动的一激动地
26.excited excitedly快的一快地
27.rapid rapidly明智的一明智地
28.wise wisely直接的一直接地
29.direct directly宽的一广泛地
30.wide widely严肃的一严肃地;认真地
31.serious seriously温暖的一温暖地
32.warm warmly安全的一安全地
33.safe safely奇怪的一奇怪地
34.strange strangely强壮的一强壮地
35.strong strongly
(二)以⑴结尾的去ee+y可能的一可能地
1.possible possibly简单的一仅仅;只;简单地
2.simple simply可怕的一可怕地
3.terrible terribly真实的一真实地
4.true truly舒服的一舒服地
5.comfortable comfortably
(三)辅音字母变+y ily容易的一容易地
1.easy easily重的一沉重地
2.heavy heavily幸福的一快乐地
3.happy happily生气的一生气地
4.angry angrily饥饿的一饥饿地
5.hungry hungrily幸运的一幸运地
6.lucky luckily嘈杂的一嘈杂地
7.noisy noisily健康的一健康地
8.healthy healthily
七、否定前缀
(一)形容词加前缀un-能够一不能
1.able unable友好的一不友好的
2.friendly unfriendly公平的一不公平的
3.fair unfair高兴的一不高兴的
4.happy unhappy必要的一不必要的
5.necessary unnecessary令人愉快的一令人不愉快的
6.pleasant unpleasant受欢迎的一不欢迎的
7.popular unpopular平常的一不寻常的
8.usual unusual幸运的一不幸运的
9.lucky unlucky舒服的一不舒服的
10.comfortable uncomfortable
(二)形容词加前缀-(只放于以、开头的词前)im mp可能的一不可能的
1.possible impossible礼貌的一不礼貌的
2.polite impolite
26.chick,chicken二者均可指小鸡,还可以当鸡肉chicken Thechicken isdelicious.
27.telegram,telegraph当电报解时,指具体的,指抽象的telegram telegrapha telegram,by telegraph
28.trip journey,travel,voyage是最常用的,指短期的旅途,指稍长的旅途,指海上航行travel tripjourney voyagea three-day trip
29.sport,game多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动,如打球,游泳,打猎,赛马等;指决定胜负的游戏,通常有一套sport game规则His favoritesport isswimming.
30.price,prize价格,奖,奖品,奖金price prizewin thefirst prizeThe priceis high/low.
31.a numberof,the numberof许多,谓语动词用复数.的数目,谓语动词用单数a numberof thenumberof..The numberof studentsisincreasing.
32.in front of,in the frontof范围外的前面,范围内的前面in frontof in the frontof Inthefrontof theroom sitsa boy.
33.of the day,of a day每一天的,当时的,当代的,暂时的,不长久的of the day ofadaya famousscientist of theday
34.three of us,the three ofus我们(不止三个)中的三个,我们三个(就三个人)three ofus thethree ofus Thethreeofus—Tom,Jack andIwent tothe cinema.
35.by bus,on thebus表手段,方式,不用冠词,表范围by buson thebus Theywent thereby bus.
36.foramoment,for themoment片亥——会儿,暂时,——时foramoment U,forthemoment Thinkingforamoment,he agreed.
37.next year,the next year将来时间状语,过去将来时间状语nextyearthe nextyearHe saidhe wouldgo abroadthe nextyear.
38.more thana year,more thanone year一年多,超过一年(两年或三年等)more thana yearmore thanone year()
39.take advice,take theone*s advice征求意见,接受忠告take advicetake theadvice Herefused totake theadvice andfailed again.耐心的一没有耐心的
3.patient impatient
(三)动词前加前缀dis-叩出现一消失
1.pear disappear覆盖一发现
2.cover discover喜欢一不喜欢
3.like dislike
八、需双写最后一个字母变现在分词/过去式的动词开始——
1.begin beginning切—
2.cut cutting掉一
3.drop dropping-dropped计戈-
4.plan planning-planned跑一
5.run running坐下一
6.sit sitting购物一
7.shop shopping—shopped停止一
8.stop stopping-stopped关闭一
9.shut shutting游泳一
10.swim swimming赢一
11.win winning控制一
12.control controlling-controlled取消一
13.cancel cancelling-cancelled后悔一
14.regret regretting-regretted忘己一
15.forget tforgetting放一
16.put putting适合;合身一
17.fit fitting-fitted拥抱一
18.hug hugging-hugged挖——
19.dig digging打;击一
20.hit hitting点头一
21.nod nodding-nodded设置一
22.set setting更喜欢一
23.prefer preferring-preferred
九、双写最后一个字母再加・er/・est变比较级/最高级的形容词和副词潮湿的
1.wet——wetter—wettest生气的
2.mad-madder-maddest伤心的
3.sad—sadder—saddest热的
4.hot—hotter—hottest苗条的
5.slim-slimmer-slimmest稀薄的;瘦的
6.thin-thinner—thinnest胖的
7.fat—fatter—fattest大的
8.big-bigger-biggest
十、不规则形容词/副词的比较级、最高级一好的
1.good better—best少的
2.little-less-least远
3.far-farther/further-farthest/furthest一一坏/严重地/生病的
4.bad/badly/ill worseworst许多
5.many/much-more-most
十一、加构成动词第三人称单数形式的动词-es通过
1.pass-passes夕住
2.catch—catches1\
3.match——matches和.....搭配至达
4.reach-reaches U搜寻
5.search-searches教
6.teach-teaches观看
7.watch——watches刷
8.brush-brushes完成
9.finish-finishes一冲
10.rush rushes推
11.push-pushes惩罚
12.punish-punishes洗
13.wash—washes希望
14.wish-wishes
十二、加・es构成复数的名词西红柿
1.tomato-tomatoes土豆
2.potato-potatoes英雄
3.hero-heroes老板
4.boss—bosses班级
5.class-classes眼镜
6.glass-glasses箱子
7.box—boxes狐狸
8.fox—foxes沙滩
9.beach-beaches教练
10.coach—coaches演讲
11.speech—speeches三明治
12.sandwich—sandwiches比赛
13.match—matches手表
14.watch-watches盘
15.dish—dishes愿望
16.wish-wishes刷子
17.brush—brushes教堂
18.church―churches公共汽车
19.bus-buses一连衣裙
20.dress dresses
十三、将f或fe改为v加・es构成复数的名词一半
1.half-halves树叶
2.leaf—leaves架子
3.shelf—shelves狼
4.wolf-wolves刀
5.knife-knives生命
6.life—lives围巾
7.scarf-scarves/scarfs妻子
8.wife-wives
十四、复数变化不规则的名词脚
1.foot—feet渔民
2.fisherman—fishermen一牙齿
3.tooth teeth老鼠
4.mouse-mice绅士
5.gentleman—gentlemen孩子
6.child-children男士
7.man—men女士
8.woman-women消防员
9.fireman——firemen男警察
10.policeman-policemen男邮递员
11.postman-postmen男售货员
12.salesman-salesmen绵羊
13.sheep-sheep鱼
14.fish-fish/fishes中国人
15.Chinese―Chinese日本人
16.Japanese-Japanese英国男士
17.Englishman-Englishmen一法国女士
18.Frenchwoman Frenchwomen中考英语不规则动词变化规律
一、型(原形一原形一原形)AAA原形过去式过去分词中文花费cost costcost切,割cut cutcut撞,击hit hithit伤害hurt hurthurt让let letlet放put putput读read readread安排set setset关闭shut shutshut传播spread spreadspread
二、型(原形一过去式一原形)ABA原形过去式过去分词中文成为become becamebecome来come camecome跑run ranrun
三、型ABC原形一一
1.ew own原形过去式过去分词中文吹blow blewblown飞fly flewflown生长grow grewgrown知道know knewknown扔throw threwthrown
2.i-3-u原形过去式过去分词中文开始begin beganbegun喝drink drankdrunk打电话ring rangrung唱sing sangsung游泳swim swamswum原形一过去式一过去式
3.+en原形过去式过去分词中文损坏break brokebroken选择choose chosechosen忘记forget forgotforgotten说speak spokespoken偷窃steal stolestolen醒来wake wokewoken原形一过去式一原形
4.+en原形过去式过去分词中文画draw drewdrawn开车drive drovedriven吃eat ateeaten落下fall fellfallen给give gavegiven弄错mistake mistookmistakenrise roserisen看见see sawseen摇晃shake shookshaken展示show showedshown拿take tooktaken无规律
5.原形过去式过去分词中文是am/is wasbeen是are werebeen忍受bear borebom做do/does diddone去g wentgone躲藏hide hidhidden骑ride roderidden穿wear woreworn写write wrotewritten
四、型ABB原形一一
1.ought ought原形过去式过去分词中文带来bring broughtbrought买buy boughtbought打架fight foughtfought思考think thoughtthought原形一一
2.aught aught原形过去式过去分词中文捉,抓catch caughtcaught教teach taughttaught原形一
3.t—t原形过去式过去分词中文处理deal dealtdealt感到feel feltfelt保持keep keptkept离开leave leftleft意思是mean meantmeant睡觉sleep sleptslept原级
4.—id—id原形过去式过去分词中文放lay laidlaid付钱pay paidpaid说say saidsaid变其中一个辅音字母
5.原形过去式过去分词中文建造build builtbuilt听见hear heardheard借出lend lentlent制造make mademade发送,邮寄send sentsent花费spend spentspent辅音字母和元音字母都变
6.原形过去式过去分词中文有have hadhad卖sell soldsold站stand stoodstood告诉tell toldtold变其中一个元音字母
7.原形过去式过去分词中文挖dig dugdug喂feed fedfed发现find foundfound得到get gotgot拥有,握hold heldheld悬挂hang hunghung领导lead ledled丢失lose lostlost遇见meet metmet照耀shine shoneshone坐sit satsat加速speed spedsped粘stick stuckstuck赢win wonwon
五、型(原形一原形一过去分词)AAB原形过去式过去分词中文打败beat beatbeaten
六、有两种形式原形过去式过去分词中文burned burned烧burnburnt burntdreameddreamed做梦dreamdreamt dreamtlearnedlearned学learnlearnt learnt说谎lie liedlied躺,放平lay lainlightedlighted点燃lightlit litsmelledsmelled闻smellsmelt smeltspelledspelled拼写spellspelt spelt
40.take air,take theair传播,走漏,到户外去,散步take airtake theair Wetake theair everyday.
41.in a word,in words总之,一句话,口头上inaword inwords Inaword,you areright.
42.in place of,in the place ofinplace of代替,in theplaceof在・・.地方A newbuilding isbuilt in theplaceof theold one.
43.in secret,in the secret秘密地,暗自地,偷偷地,一般用作状语;知道内情,知道秘密,in secretin thesecret一般用作表语My motherwas inthesecretfrom thebeginning.
44.a girl,one girl可泛指所有女孩,一个女孩a girlone girlCan onegirl canysuch abig box
45.take achair,take the chair相当于坐下,开始开会take achair sitdown takethechair
46.go tosea,by sea,by the sea当海员,出航,乘船,由海路,在海边go tosea bysea by theseago bysea
47.the doctorand teacher,the doctorand theteacher指一个人,既是医生又是老师,两个人,一个医生和一个老the doctorand teacherthe doctorand theteacher师the doctorand teacheris
48.in office,intheoffice在职的,在办公室in officeintheoffice里He is in office,not out of office.
49.in bed,onthebed卧在床上,在床上in bedonthebed Thebook is onthebed.He isill inbed.
51.in class,intheclass在课上,在班级里in classintheclass He isthebest studentintheclass.
52.on fire,onthefire着火在火上on fire,onthefire Putthe foodonthefire.The houseisonfire.
53.out ofquestion,out ofthe question毫无疑问的,不可能的outofquestion outofthequestion
55.by day,by theday白天,按天计算bydaybytheday Theworkers arepaid bytheday.
56.the people,a people指人,指民族the peoplea peopleThe Chineseisapeace-loving people.
57.it,one同——物体,同类不同一it oneI lostmy pen.Ihaveto buya newone.
58.that,this指代上文所提到的,导出下文所要说的that thisIwasill.Thafs why...
59.none,nothing,no one强调有多少,强调有没有,指物,指人none nothing,no onenothing noone---How many.../How much...---None.
60.anyone,any one指人,不能接指人物均可,可接anyone of,any one of anyoneofyou
61.who,what指姓名或关系,指职业或地位who whatWhat isyour dadHe isateacher.
62.what,which的选择基础是无限制的,在一定范围内进行选择what whichWhichdo youprefer,bananas orapples
63.other,another后接名词复数,后接名词单数other anotherother students,another student
64.not alittle,not a bit非常,一点也不我一点儿也不累not alittle not a bitIm not abittired.
65.many,much,alotof和可数名词连用,和不可数名词连用,可数,不可数均可,但不用于否定句many muchalotof I havent manybooks.
66.much more...than,many more...than后接形容词或不可数名词,后接可数名词much more...thanmany more...than manymore people,muchmore water,much morebeautiful
67.no,notno=nota/any nofriend=nota/any friendno water=not anywater
68.no morethan,not morethan相当于仅仅,只有,至多,不超过no morethan only,not morethan
69.majority,most只能修饰可数名词,可数不可数均可majority mostthe majorityof people
70.by oneself,for oneself,to oneself,of oneself单独的,独自的,为自己,供自己用的,自行的,by oneselffor oneselfto oneselfof oneself自动的The dooropened ofitself.
71.at all,after all根本,全然,到底,毕竟at allafter allAfter allhe isachild.
72.tall,high常指人或动物,常指物体tall highHeistall.
73.fast,quickly侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点,侧重指某事完成或发生的快fast quicklyrun fast,answer thequestionquickly
74.high,highly具体的高,抽象的高,高度的high highlythink highlyof
75.healthy,healthful健康的,健壮的,有益于健康的healthy healthfulhealthful exercise
76.sleeping,asleep,sleepy正在睡觉,睡着,熟睡,只能做表语,困的,有睡意的sleeping asleepsleepya sleepingbaby Thebaby isasleep.Tm sleepy.
77.gold,golden指真金制品,指金色的,但金鱼用gold goldengold fisha goldring
78.most,mostly用于表感受的肯定句中,相当于当大部分,大多数解时是形容词或名词,most very,大部分,是副词mostly mostpeople,the peopleare mostly...
79.just,very表强调时是副词,作状语,表强调时是形容词,用作定语just verythe veryman,just theman
80.wide,broad侧重于一边到另一边的距离,侧重于幅面的宽广wide broadbroad shoulders
81.real,true真的,真实的,指的是事实上存在而不是想象的,真的,真正的,指的是事实和实际情况相符合real truerealgold,a truestory
82.respectful,respectable尊敬,有礼貌,可敬的,值得尊敬的respectful respectablebe respectfultotheaged
83.outwards,outward二者均可用作副词,表示向外,外面,还可用作形容词outward anoutward voyage
84.pleasant,pleased,pleasing常用作定语,常用作表语,主语常为人,pleasant pleased,pleasing pleased主语常为物pleasing apleasant tripThe tripis pleasing.
85.understanding,understandable明白事理的,能体谅的,可理解的,能够懂的understanding understandableanunderstanding girl,an understandablemistake
86.close,closely接近,靠近,紧紧地,紧密地close closelyclosely connected,stand close
87.ill,sick做表语,定,表均可ill sicka sickboy
88.good,well形容词,副词,但指身体状况是形容词good wellHeiswell again.
89.quiet,silent,still安静的,可以发出小的声音,不发出声音,但可以动,完全不动,完全无声响quiet silentstill Hestand there他站在那儿,一动不动,也不说话still.
90.hard,hardly努力,几乎不hard hardlywork hardI canhardly believeit.
91.able,capable与不定式连用,与连用able to do capableof Heis capableofdoing...
92.almost,nearly二者均为“几乎,差不多”和否定词连用用almost almostnobody迟,晚,最近,近来late latelyIhaventseen himlately.
94.living,alive,live,lively均为活着的,定表均可,定表均可,定语后置,只能做定语,意为活波living,alive,live livingalive livelively的all theliving people=allthepeople alive
95.excited,exciting使人兴奋的,令人兴奋的excitedexcitingIm excited.The newsis exciting.
96.deep,deeply具体的深,抽象的深,深深地deep deeplydeeply moved,dig deep
97.aloud,loud出声地,大声地(出声地读)aloud loudread aloud
98.worth,worthy二者均为值得,后接后接worth doing,worthy to be done,of beingdoneIt isworth visiting.=Its worthytobevisited.=Its worthyof beingvisited.
99.bad,badly形容词,副词,不好,但与连用为“很,非常bad badlyneed,want,require gobadI needthebookbadly.
100.before long,long before不久以后,很久以前before longlong beforenot longbefore=before long
101.quite,rather完全地,相当于quite completely,修饰比较级rather quiteimpossible
102.happy,glad高兴,幸福,定表均可,高兴,只能做表语happy glada happygirl
103.instead,instead of是副词,放在句首或句末,是介词短语,放在句中instead insteadofHe didntseea film.Instead hewatched TV.He watchedTV insteadof seeingafilm.后接不可数名词,后接形容词too muchmuch toomuch tooheavy
105.be aboutto,be going to,be todo表最近的将来,后面不接时间状语,侧重打算,想法,be abouttobegoingto侧重意志,计划,安排(含双方事先约好的意思)be todo Imto meethim.
106.raise,rise及物动词,不及物动词raise riseThe sunrises inthe east.
107.bring,take,carry,fetch拿来,带走,随身携带,去回这一往返动作bring takecarry fetchfetch abox ofchalk
108.spend,take,pay,cost人做主语,花钱,花时间;物做主语,花时间;spend spend...on sth./in doingsth;take人做主语,花钱,物做主语,花钱pay payfor;cost
109.join,join in,take partin加入某个组织,并成为其中的一员;参加小型的活动,;join joinin joinsb.in参加大型的活动take partin Hejoined thearmy fiveyears ago.
110.learn,study学习,侧重学习的结果,学习,侧重学习的过程,研究learn studystudythe problem
111.want,hope,wish打算,想要,希望(通常可以实现),希望(通want wanttodo,want sb.todo,hope hopetodo/hope that...wish常不能实现)()wish sb.todo,wish sb/sth.+n.I wishyou success.
112.discover,invent,find out发现本来存在但不为人所知的东西,发明本来不存在的物体,discover invent发现,查明find outAt lasthe foundout thetruth.。
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