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甲流高发季，科学有效应对莫慌张10备考年中考英语热点材料真题题型专练2023背景材料甲流进入高发季如何科学认识、有效应对・・•光明网2023030611:04中国疾病预防控制中心数据显示，2023年第6周起，流感病毒阳性率增加，在第7周增加至
14.3%北京市疾控中心监测数据显示，北京市季节性流感疫情活动强度呈现上升趋势，在流行的流感病毒中，甲型流感病毒占绝对优势甲流都有哪些症状？怎样治疗和预防？记者采访了相关部门和专家北京市疾控中心相关专家介绍，人群中主要流行的流感病毒包括甲型H1N1亚型、甲型H3N2亚型、乙型Yamagata系以及乙型Victoria系流感病毒，其抗原性易变，传播迅速，每年可引起季节性流行多位受访专家认为，甲流和普通感冒不同，普通感冒全身症状轻，而局部症状重，表现为低热、咳嗽、流鼻涕、打喷嚏等症状，持续时间较短，一般两三天就可以恢复而甲流全身症状重，局部症状轻，表现为高热、寒战、肌肉酸痛、乏力等，呼吸道症状不明显，出现并发症的比例较高北京儿童医院门诊部主任李豫川说，面对近期患者量增加，医院及时调配医疗资源，增加接诊医生人数同时进一步优化流程，调整了甲乙流咽拭子采样地点，在护士分诊台提前为候诊的患者开具化验单，包括血常规、甲流检测等，以节省患者等待时间北京儿童医院呼吸一科主任徐保平介绍，神经氨酸酶抑制剂是最主要的抗流感病毒药物，目前最常用的是奥司他韦，需要在医疗机构开具处方购买，并遵医嘱服用“每年接种流感疫苗是预防流感最有效的手段，可以显著降低接种者患流感和发生严重并发症的风险徐保平说，尽管疫苗接种是预防流感病毒感染最好的方法，但在流感暴发时，不能采用疫苗预防的人群可采用药物预防，即对符合预防性用药指征的人员，建议在医师指导下尽早服用奥司他韦专家表示，为了预防感染，日常要做好个人防护，保持手卫生和咳嗽礼仪等良好卫生习惯在流感流行季节，尽量避免去人群聚集场所，避免接触有呼吸道症状的人员，如必须接触时做好个人防护出现呼吸道症状时，应居家休息，进行健康观察，不带病上班、上课；前往医院就诊时，患者及陪护人员需要戴口罩，避免交叉感染；对于出现发热、咳嗽等呼吸道症状的学生，应及时居家观察治疗，如发生聚集性疫情，应配合各项防控措施（记者侠克）来源新华网remember“记得”用于提醒，这里是祈使句结构，故填（r）emember
18.句意这是因为它们能延长洗碗时间很多病毒可以在洗衣机里存活短文大意句子结构，stay在本句中作为持续系动词，后面加表语形容词；结合句意很多病毒可以在洗衣机里存活，所以用stay alive；结合首字母提示，alive符合语境，故选alive
19.句意:其他的透明液体也很好clear清澈的/透明的，形容词修饰名词；根据上文“If you do getthe stomach flu,drinkas much water as possible”和首字母提示可知这里是说其他透明液体，liquid“液体”符合句意；由系动词are可知用复数名词，故填⑴iquids
20.句意在你感觉好些后的几天里，你仍然可以传播这种疾病短文大意句子成分可知本句缺副词，修饰动词spreado结合前一句Once yourefeeling better,dont returnto work or schoolright away”可知肠胃炎病毒在患者感觉身体状况好转后仍有传播的可能；结合首字母提示，stir仍然符合语境，故填（s）tiii
21.句意肠胃流感是可怕的，但通过遵循这些建议，你可以帮助阻止它的传播by通过，表方式；根据下文“you canhelp stop it from spreading”和首字母提示，可知follow“跟随”符合语境；介词by后接动名词，故填⑴ollowing【短文大意】这是李明与医生之间的对话，李明去看医生，医生说他得了流感，并建议李明戒烟【答案解析】
22.根据后面力mnot feelingwel『可知,此处应该是问怎么了,选项D“你怎么了？”符合语境故选D
23.根据后面“I see.Now letme have a check（检查）”可知，此处应该是说症状，选项B“我得了重感冒，咳嗽得很厉害”符合语境故选B
24.根据前文“Now letme have a check（检查）.”可知，此处应该是询问检查后的结果，选项E“有什么严重的问题吗？”符合语境故选E
25.根据前文“I shouldsay youvegot the flu（流感）”可知,此处应该是医生的建议，选项F现在每四小时服一次药，多喝些热水”符合语境故选F
26.根据前文“Yes do.”可知，李明吸烟，结合后面“You，d betterstop smoking.”可知，此处应该是说吸烟的危害，选项A“哦，那对你的健康不好”符合语境故选A
27.【参考范文】There isno doubtthat everyonewants to be healthy.But recently,flu viruseshave spreadrapidly,and manypeoplehave got the flu.Here are some waysto protect ourselves from the flu.First ofall,ifs importantto eathealthily.You shouldeat morevegetables andfruit andless junkfood.Whats more,doing moreexercise is also important.Besides,remember to wash handsoften.Having enoughsleep isalso amust.Lastbut notleast,laughter isthe bestmedicine forstress.It isalways necessaryto staypositive andlearn toreduce ourpressure.All inall,if wefollow thesehelpful suggestions,I believewe canprotectourselvesfromthe flu andlead ahealthylife.【详解】
1.题干解读本文是一篇材料作文向人们提供一些预防流感的方法
2.写作指导本文主要采用一般现在时分为三段式第一段引出主题；第二段介绍预防流感的方法；最后一段概括总结写作时保持主谓一致性，做到无语法和标点错误
一、阅读单选The Spanish flu alsoknown asthe1918Mu pandemicwas adeadly pandemicin recenthistory.It spreadworldwideduring theyear1918—
1919.The virusinfected500million peopleabout athird of the worldspopulation at the time.The outbreakof the Spanishflu was caused by anHIN1virus withgenes ofavian（禽类）origin.Historians nowbelievethat World War I could have been partly responsible for spreading the virus.Lack ofhygiene（卫生）and malnourishment（营养良）may have also beenresponsible forweakening theimmune system.There isno agreement about the origin of the virus.The1918flu wasfirst observedin Europe,the United States,andparts ofAsia beforeswiftly spreadingaround theworld.It isbelieved thatcensorship（新闻审查制度）was themain reasonwhythis pandemicwas referredto asthe Spanishflu.To maintainmorale（斗志）,World WarI censors（审查官）reducedearly reportsof illnessand death rate inGermany,the UnitedKingdom,France,and theUnitedStates.However,becauseSpain wasntat warwith anycountry,newspapers werefree toreport theepidemics effectsin Spain,such asthe seriousillnessof KingAlfonso XIII.These storiescreated afalse impressionof Spainas especiallyhard hit.This gaverise to thename Spanishflu\Historical and epidemiological（流彳亍病学的）data arenot enoughto identifywith certaintythepandemics geographicorigin,with varyingviews asto itslocation.（）In2015,nearly acentury afterthe Spanishflu struck,the WorldHealth OrganizationWHO calledon scientists,national authoritiesand themedia tofollow bestpractices innaming newhuman infectious（传染性的）diseases toreduceunnecessary negative effects on nations,economies,and people.More modernterms for this virus include the“1918influenza pandemic”,the“1918flu pandemic”,or variationsof these.Unlike mostinfluenza outbreaksthat largelykill thevery youngand thevery old,with a higher survivalrate forthosein between,the Spanishflu pandemicresulted ina higherthan expecteddeath ratefor youngadults.The deathtoll wasestimatedto beat least50million worldwide,possibly ashigh as100million,making itone of the severestpandemics inhumanhistory.
1.What wasthe worldspopulation atthe timeof the1918flu pandemicA.Around500million.B.About
1.5billion.C.At least150million.D.As highas3billion.
2.What isNOT believedto beresponsible for the spreadofthevirusA.WWL B・Lack ofhygiene.C,Malnourishment.D.Censorship.
3.Why isthere noagreementabouttheoriginofthevirusA.Because the fluwasfirst foundin morethan onecountry.B,Because theWWI censorstried tocover thetruth.C.Because ofweak historicalandepidemiologicalsupport.D.Because storiesin the Spanish mediamisted thepeople.
4.What mightbe includedin WHOsbest policiesof naminga newhuman infectiousdiseaseA.Geographic locations.B.General descriptions.C.Peoples names.D.Cultural references.
5.Which groupof peoplewas farmore likelytobehit hardby the1918fluA.Young adults.B.The veryyoung.C.The veryold.D.The goldand young.Have youever wonderedif thecold youhave isreally acommon coldorthe flu Most people dont know thedifferencesbetween them.Heres someinformation aboutcolds and the flu.A ColdThe FluIttakes acouple ofdays tobuild up.You mayIt usuallystarts suddenly.Patients canclearly tellthehave asore throaton Monday,and thenhave atime when the flu hits them-after lunchor yesterdayProgressheadache on Wednesday.afternoon,for example.Commonly,the temperaturerises toaround Thebody temperatureis usuallymuch higher-at leastTemperature
37.2℃or
37.7℃and doesnthave bigchanges.
38.3℃.Feeling coldand bodyaches areflu signs.People oftenkeep ontheir commonlife asusual Puttingon muchisnt enough,and youstill feelvery cold.and get out of bed forworkorother socialDragging yourselfout ofbed canseem impossible.YouLifeactivities.usually feeltired andsleepy.You may have arunny noseand coughfrom aIt can cause a lot of coughing and even trouble inResultsheadcold.（伤风）breathing.“Each yeartens ofthousands ofpeople dieof flu,D.Yul Ejnessays.And theflu vaccine（疫苗）can helpprevent it.Of course,its bestto getyour flu vaccine atthe beginning oftheflu season——usually inthe fall.
6.What mayhappen ifsomeone hasa coldA.His temperatureis above38℃.B.He cantgetoutofbed.C.He mayhave aheadache.D.He cantkeep onhis commonlife asusual.
7.What isthe bestway toprevent theflu according tothe textA.Keep awayfrom somepublic placeswith manypeople.B,Get theflu vaccine atthe beginningofthefluseason.C.Dont keepin touchwith peoplewho have a cold.D.Put onmore clothesand checkyour bodyon time.
8.Which ofthe followingis TRUEaccordingtothe passageA.Feeling coldand bodyaches arecold signs.B,You arestill ableto workif youhave theflu.C.Patients cantclearly tellthe timewhenthefluhitsthem.D.You cougha lotand havedifficulty in breathing whenhaving theflu.
9.What isthetextmainly aboutA.The differencesbetween coldsand thefu.B.The influencesbetween coldsand theflu.C.Prevention methodsfor coldsand theflu.D.Reasons forhaving coldsand theflu.
二、阅读还原选55The flu（流感）can easilyspread fromone personto another.This isespecially truefor peoplewho are weak.When you areweak,youaremore likelyto catchtheflu.Do youknow howto avoidit
10.Wash your handsWashing yourhands isan easyway to avoid theflu.You shouldwash yourhands whencoming home,before eating,after usingthe toilet,etc.
11.Its bettertowashthem forseveral minutes.Eat healthy foodAnother goodway to avoid theflu isto havehealthy food,because healthy food canprovide youwith richnutrition.Forexample,milk,eggs,vegetables andfruits are good choicesfor you.They willbenefit yourhealth.
12.13Doing exercisewill makeyou stronger.If youoften doexercise,you maykeep fit.You canplay ping-pong,goswimming,haveawalk andso on.No matterwhat kindof exerciseyou do,you shoulddo itregularly.Keep awayfrom peoplewith theflu
14.If yourclassmates orfriends havetheflu,keep awayfrom themuntil theyare well.You maycatchit easilyby stayingclose with them.Besides,youd betterwear amask（口罩）in crowdedplaces.选择恰当的选项，补全短文A.Do exerciseB.Here aresome suggestionsfor youC.You shoulduse runningwater towash yourhandsD.So itis goodfor youto eathealthyfoodevery dayE.Keeping awayfrom peoplewith theflu isan effectiveway
三、短文首字母填空Stomach flu isacommon disease.It spreadseasily,which makesit hardto avoid.Thafs e15true ifsomeone in yourfamily has it.Stomach fluis causedby a virus,but notthe sameone that causes regularflu.Because itscausedbyavirus,theres nomedicine tomake itgo away.But therearesomethings you can dotoavoidcatching it.You canp16stomach fluby washingyourhandsoften.Use hot water andsoap,and spendtime scrubbing.Using handsanitizeris betterthan nothing,but itis notvery effectiveagainst stomachflu.Thats becausehand sanitizermostly killsbacteria,not viruses.The virusthatcausesstomachfluis hardto kill.Normal cleanerswont alwayswork.But cleaningyour housecan stopyoufrom catchingit.So putbleach（消毒水）and watertogether,and usethat to clean surfaces.If someonein your familyis sick,r17to cleanthings thatperson has touched.Dishwashers arebetter atkilling virusesthan washingdishes byhand.Thats becausethey keepdishes hotterfor longer.Many virusescan staya18in yourwashing machine.So dolaundry withhot waterand usebleach,if possible.You mayevenwant torun thewashing machinewith noclothes justhot waterand bleach.This willkill anygerms init.If youdo getthe stomachflu,drink asmuchwateraspossible.Other clear119aregood,too.Youprobably wontwant to eat much.But whenyoudofeel readytoeat,try bananas,rice,apple sauceor toast.Once yourefeeling better,dont returnto workor schoolright away.You cans20spread thedisease fora fewdays afteryoufeel better.If youhaveafever,wait atleast24hours afterit endsbefore goingout.This willhelp protectother peoplefromgetting sick.Stomach fluis awful,but byf21these tips,youcan helpstopitfromspreading.
四、补全对话选65Li Ming:Good morning,doctor.Doctor:Good morning.22Li Ming:Im notfeeling well.23Doctor:I see.Now letme havea check（检查）.Li Ming:24Doctor:I shouldsay youvegottheflu（流感）.25By theway,do yousmokeLi Ming:Yes,I do.Doctor:26Youd betterstop smoking.Li Ming:Thank you,Til try.Goodbye.Doctor:Goodbye!A.Oh,thafs badfor yourhealth.B.Ive gota verybad coldand aterrible cough.C,Have youtaken yourtemperatureD.Whafs yourtroubleE.Is thereanything seriousF.Now takethis medicineevery fourhours anddrink morehotwater.
五、材料作文
27.日常生活中，流感经常发生，影响我们的健康，假如你是医生，请你给人们提供一些基本方法预防流感要点如下
1、饮食要健康；
2、勤于锻炼；
1.预防preventv.；流感theflu注意
1.字数80-100；2,适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3,不得出现真实的校名和人名参考答案【短文大意】本文主要介绍了1918年西班牙流感病毒爆发造成的影响，短文大意其传播的原因以及人们对此病毒起源的定论等【答案解析】
1.推理判断题根据The virusinfected500million peopleabout athird ofthe worldspopulation atthe time”可知，病毒感染了5亿人，约占当时世界人口的三分之一，由此可推断那时候的人口大约15亿，故选B
2.细节理解题根据Historians nowbelieve thatWorldWarIcouldhavebeenpartlyresponsible forspreadingthevirus.Lack ofhygiene（卫生）and malnourishment（营养不良）mayhavealso beenresponsibleforweakening theimmunesystem”可知，第一次世界大战，缺乏卫生和营养不良也可能是导致病毒传播的原因，故选D
3.细节理解题根据Historical andepidemiological（流行病学的）data arenot enoughto identifywith certaintythepandemics geographicorigin,with varyingviews asto itslocation”可知，因为缺乏历史和流行病学的支持,所以关于病毒的起源还没有定论故选C
4.推理判断题根据In2015,nearly acentury aftertheSpanishflu struck,the WorldHealth Organization（WHO）calledon scientists,national authoritiesand themedia tofollow bestpractices innaming newhuman infectious（传染性的）diseases toreduce unnecessarynegativeeffectsonnations,economies,and people”可知，世界卫生组织呼吁科学家、国家当局和媒体在命名新的人类传染病时遵循最佳做法，以减少对国家、经济和人民不必要的负面影响，结合“Moremodem termsforthisvirusincludethe1918influenza pandemic,the1918flu pandemic”,or variationsof these.”和四个选项可知，B选项“一般描述”是最符合的，故选B5・细节理解题根据“theSpanishflu pandemicresulted inahigherthan expecteddeathratefor youngadults”可知，西班牙流感大流行导致的年轻人死亡率高于预期，故选A【短文大意】本文是一篇说明文文章介绍了感冒和流感的不同之处以及如何预防流感【答案解析】
6.细节理解题o根据“You mayhaveasore throaton Monday,and thenhaveaheadacheonWednesday.可知，感冒有可能头疼故选C
7.细节理解题根据And thefluvaccinecanhelpprevent it.Of course,ifs bestto getyour fluvaccineatthebeginningofthe fluseason”可知，要预防流感最好要在流感季节开始时打疫苗故选B
8.细节理解题根据The FhT栏内“Itcancausealotofcoughingandeventroubleinbreathing.”可知，流感会引起咳嗽甚至呼吸困难故选D
9.细节理解题根据文章第一自然段“Mostpeopledontknowthe differencesbetween them.Heres someinformationabout coldsandtheflu.”可知，本文主要讲述的是感冒和流感的不同之处故选A【短文大意】本文主要介绍了预防流感的几种方法【答案解析】
10.根据上文“Do youknow howtoavoidit”，以及后文对预防流感的方法的介绍，可知B选项“这是给你们的一些建议”符合语境故选B
11.根据小标题“Wash yourhands”可知第二段主要介绍“勤洗手”这种预防方法，C选项“你应该用自来水洗手”符合语境故选C
12.根据上文“Another goodway toavoid thefluisto havehealthyfood..「可知此处讲“吃健康食品”的预防方法,D选项“所以吃健康的食物对你有好处”符合语境，和小标题Eat healthyfood呼应故选D
13.根据下文“Doing exercisewill makeyou stronger.If youoften doexercise,you maykeep fit.”可知此段主要在介绍“做运动”的预防方法，A选项“做运动”符合语境故选A
14.根据小标题“Keep awayfrom peoplewiththeflu”可知要远离流感患者，E选项“远离流感患者是一种有效的方法”符合语境故选E【短文大意】本文是说明文，作者就如何避免感染肠胃流感给出了几点建议，指出遵循这些建议，可以帮助阻止它的传播【答案解析】
15.句意如果你家里有人得了这种病，那就更是如此了短文大意句子可知，本句需用副词修饰true；根据下文“ifsomeone inyourfamilyhasit”可知家里其他人也极有可能被传染；结合首字母提示，especially尤其符合语境，故填especially
16.句意你可以通过勤洗手来预防肠胃流感本句缺谓语动词，根据下文介绍的方式，可知勤洗手能够预防肠胃流感；结合首字母提示，protec俨保护“符合语境，故填prevent
17.句意如果你的家人生病了，记得清洁他们接触过的东西根据上文“If someoneinyourfamily issick...tocleanthingsthat personhastouched”可知这里是提醒对方清洁他们接触过的东西；结合首字母提示，。
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