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类属法
1.即通过类属来推测词义如•Bananas,oranges,pineapples,coconuts andsome otherkinds offruitgrow inwarm areas.说明从句意我们知道pineapples和coconuts与bananas,oranges是同类事物,同属水果(准确地说是〃菠萝〃和〃椰子〃)推理法
2.即根据文章的前后语境推出生词的词义如•That museumis soimmense thatit willbe impossibleto seeallthe exhibitsin oneday.说明既然一天之内看不完所有的展品,那么immense的意思应该是〃很大〃了•Everyone agreedthat thewoman in the photowas gorgeous.Itwas easyto seewhy shehad wonthe beautycontest.说明既然〃她在选美比赛中获胜〃,说明她〃很美丽〃(gorgeous)列举法
3.即通过对文章所列举的事物来猜测生词的词义如•Children likesuch creaturesas dogsand monkeys.说明像dogs和monkeys之类的〃creatures”,显然creatures的意思应是〃动物〃•In yourspare time,you maylook throughany of these periodicals:Time Magazine,NewsWeek,or TheNew Worker.说明periodical是生词,但根据其后所列举的例子,我们可以推测出它的意思可能是〃期刊〃或〃杂志〃构词法
4.即根据前缀、后缀、复合、派生等构词知识判断生词的词义如:Overwork maycause diseases.说明前缀over-的意思是〃过分的,过量的〃,故overwork的意思应为〃工作过度〃•There wasa dissatisfiedlook inthe manager,s eyes.说明satisfied的意思是〃满意的〃,前缀dis-的意思是〃不“,故dissatisfied的意思应该是〃不满意的〃对比法
5.即根据文章前后的对比关系确定生词的词义如•He hadbeen gettingbetter,but duringthe nighthis conditiondeteriorated.说明句中的but表明deteriorate应该与get better的意思相反,即〃恶化〃•In manycountries thereare twofinancial extremes,from penurytogreat wealth.说明上文说两个经济上的极端,那么下文中penury应与great wealth相对,即表示〃贫困〃•Mrs.Smith isloquacious whileher husbandis thesilenttype.说明while表对比,意为〃而〃,所以loquacious应是silent的反义,即“多嘴的〃•If youagree,draw acircle;and across ifyou dissent.说明既然画圈表示同意,那么画叉便是〃不同意〃(dissent)同位法
6.同位语是对所修饰词语的进一步说明和解释,若对所修饰的词语不熟悉,可通过其后同位语的”说明或解释”来确定其词义如•His fatheris anexpert inphonetics,the studyof thesounds oflanguage.说明同位语表示the studyofthesounds oflanguage phonetics的意思应该是语音学“•Jean wasborn withspina bifida,a birthillness thatdamages the(脊骨).spine说明同位语表明了a birthillness thatdamages thespine spina是一种病,一种对脊骨有损害的病bifida释义法
7.即根据文章中所提供的释义关系来确定生词的词义如•They describedhim asa loon,or amad man.说明句中的是对的解释,即与同义,即表示0r loonloon amad man疯子•It willbe veryhard butalso verybrittle,that is,it willbreak easily.说明句中的表明是对的解释,that isit willbreak easilybrittle从而猜测出其意为“脆二•The herdsman,who looksafter sheep,earns about500yuan ayear.说明定语从句表明的词义为牧人who looksafter sheepherdsman•There arethree kindsof snow.One kindis afluffy snowthat issomewhatdry andfeathery说明定语从句that issomewhatdry andfeathery(有点儿干、像羽毛似的)表明fluffysnow的意思可能是〃鹅毛大雪〃常识法
8.即根据普通常识推测生词的词义如•Its saidthat Bill Gates isthe mostaffluent personintheworld.说明根据常识,BillGates为世界首富,所以affluent可能是〃富有的〃As ascientist,Edison isvery famousfor hiscontrivances.说明根据常识,Edison为发明大王,他应因〃发明〃而闻名于世。
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