2025届高考英语一轮复习语法+非谓语动词讲解+清单

学年高中英语一轮复习语法非2024-2025谓语动词讲解非谓语动词是高中英语语法中的一个重要组成部分，它包括动词不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）非谓语动词不能单独作谓语，但可以在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语等成分

1.动词不定式定义动词不定式是由加上动词原形构成，表示动作或状态，但不表示时态和语态to功能作主语:•To learnEnglish wellis important.作宾语:•I want to gohome.作表语•My dreamis to become adoctor.作定语•I have a lot of homework to do.作状语•To improvemy English,I readEnglish newspapersevery day.作补语•I hopeto seeyou soon.特点不定式前可以加宾语”结构，表示不定式的逻辑主语•“for+不定式有时态和语态的变化•

2.动名词定义动名词是由动词原形变化而来，形式上与现在分词相同，但功能上作为名词使用功能作主语•Swimming isfun.作宾语:•I enjoyreading.作表语:•My hobbyis collectingstamps.动词不定式在某些情况下可以省略”，如在感官动词和使役动词后•“t非谓语动词的常见错误及纠正方法

1.不定式使用错误及纠正错误类型错误示例纠正方法不定式前缺少to1want do it.1want to do it.不定式作宾语补足语时缺少1saw himcross the street.1saw himcross the street.“to”不定式作定语时逻辑主语不一致1have a lot ofworkto do.1havealotofwork do.

2.动名词使用错误及纠正错误类型错误示例纠正方法动名词与不定式混淆1enjoy toplay football.1enjoy playing football.动名词作主语时缺少形式主语To learnEnglish isIt is important to learnimportant.English.“it”动名词作宾语时缺少形式宾语1find hard tolearn1find ithardtolearnEnglish.English.“it”

3.分词使用错误及纠正错误类型错误示例纠正方法分词形式错误He sittingthere.He satthere.分词作状语时逻辑主语The bookread byme isThe bookread byme is不一致interesting.interesting.He wentto the library,reading aHe wentto thelibrary,book in分词短语位置不当book.hand.

4.非谓语动词与谓语动词混淆错误及纠正错误类型错误示例纠正方法非谓语动词误用为谓语He playing football.He is playingfootball.谓语动词误用为非谓语动He wantsthat hegoes to the Hewants to go to the词party.party.

5.非谓语动词时态和语态错误及纠正错误类型错误示例纠正方法不定式时态1want to see themovie played last1wanttosee themovie thatwas错误week.playedlastweek.分词时态错Having finishedmy homework,the TVHaving finishedmy homework,1误was turned on.turnedonthe TV.分词语态错The book written by him is very The bookwrittenbyhimis very误interesting.interesting.

6.非谓语动词结构错误及纠正错误类型错误示例纠正方法不定式结构错误I haveno choicebut togo there.I haveno choicebut togo there.动名词结构错误I amused tosmoke.I amused tosmoking.分词结构错误The bookis interestingto read.The bookis interestingto read.作定语•I havea swimmingpool.作状语•Working hard,he passedthe exam.特点动名词表示的动作是泛指的、抽象的•动名词有时态和语态的变化•

3.分词现在分词和过去分词现在分词形式动词原形+•-ing功能作定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语等•特点表示进行时或主动意义•过去分词形式动词过去式+（规则变化），不规则变化需单独记忆•-ed功能作定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语等•特点表示完成时或被动意义•分词短语作状语时间状语•Walking alongthestreet,I sawa strangeman.原因状语:•Tired afterthe longjourney,he wentto bedearly.条件状语:•Given moretime,we could doitbetter.让步状语•Though tired,he continuedto work.方式状语•He satthere,listening to the music.

4.非谓语动词的常见错误误用动词形式例如，将动名词和现在分词混淆•缺少逻辑主语例如，使用不定式时未明确其逻辑主语•不一致的时态和语态例如，不定式和分词的时态、语态使用不当•错误的非谓语动词形式例如，错误地使用动词不定式代替动名词•

5.练习和应用为了掌握非谓语动词的用法，可以通过以下方式加强练习・专项练习题通过完成专门针对非谓语动词的练习题来加深理解・阅读理解在阅读中注意非谓语动词的用法，分析句子结构・写作应用在写作中尝试使用非谓语动词，以提高语言表达的丰富性和准确性

6.结语非谓语动词是高中英语语法中的难点之一，但通过系统学习和大量练习，可以有效掌握其用法理解非谓语动词的不同形式和功能，以及它们在句子中的作用，对于提高英语水平至关重要非谓语动词在句子中的具体应用不定式作主语•To learna foreignlanguage isdifficult.•If seasy tosee their aunt.作宾语•Tom wantedto havea cupof beer.•The teachertold usto domorning exercises.作表语•His wishis to be adriver.作定语•I havenothing tosay.作状语•They wenttoseetheiraunt.动名词作主语•Learning Englishisverydifficult.作宾语I enjoydancing.作表语•His jobis drivinga bus.作定语•I havegot usedto livingin thecountry.现在分词作表语•The storyis interesting.作状语•He satthere,reading anewspaper.作定语•The areabeing studiedmay berich incoal.作补语•He sawthe thiefstealing somemoney fromthe bank.过去分词作表语•He isinterested in the news.作定语•polluted river作状语•Given moretime,I cando mywork better.作补语•I foundmy watchstolen.非谓语动词的专项练习题和解题技巧非谓语动词解题技巧

1.判断句子结构•例1to theleft,you1II find the post office.答案:O A解析全句为简单句，排除（谓语动词），（通常放句首，表目的），O C B D（过去分词与逻辑主语为被动关系），正确答案为A•例2:If you totheleft,you IIfindthepostoffice.答案:O C解析全句为主从复合句，引导状语从句排除、项与主句时态不O IfA B,D符，正确答案为C

2.判断非谓语动词在句中充当的成分•例3:with care,one tinwill lastfor sixweeks.答案:o C解析全句为简单句，排除（主谓状语齐全），（放句首作状语O A D Touse常表目的），正确答案为C•例4:Tony lentme themoney,that Td doas muchfor him.答案:o A解析全句为复合句，排除（需在空格处前加）（不定时作状语常O C and,B表目的），（与句意不符），正确答案为D A

3.判断逻辑主语•例5not tomiss theflight at15:20,the managerset outfor theairport ina hurry.答案:o B解析全句简单句，空格处为状语，排除、、正确答案为O AC D,B

4.判断语态•例7Before drivinginto thecity,you arerequired toget yourcar.答案:O A解析全句简单句，排除项表被动，正确答案为o B,A A•例8:We arehaving ameeting inhalf anhour.The decisionat themeetingwill influencethe futureof ourcompany.O答案:Ao解析全句为两个简单句，第二句空格处为定语，排除D,正确答案为Ao

5.判断时态•例9:a reply,he decidedto writeagain.o答案:CO解析全句简单句，排除B、D,正确答案为C•例10The buildingnow willbe arestaurant.o答案:Co解析全句简单句，排除A,正确答案为C练习题题答题目解析号案_____many times,but he still用连词引导并列句子，因此刖面与后句but1Acouldnt understandit.一样也是个独立句子成分，故选C句中用逗号隔开，且无连词引导，因此前面_____many times,hestillcouldnt不是句子结构，只是句子的一个成分，故选A2Aunderstand it.全句为简单句，排除（谓语动词），（通c B_____totheleft,youll findthe常放句首，表目的），（过去分词与D3Apost office.逻辑主语为被动关系），正确答案为A_____全句为主从复合句，排除、项与主句时If youtotheleft,youll findA B,D4Cthe postoffice.态不符，正确答案为C全句为简单句，排除（主谓状语齐全），AD_____with care,one tinwill lastfor（放句首作状语常表目的），正确答案T use5Csix weeks.为C全句为复合句，排除（需在空格处前加）Cand,______Tony lentme themoney,（不定时作状语常表目的），（与句意不6A BDthat Tddoas muchfor him.符），正确答案为A题答题目解析号案_____not tomiss theflight at715:20,the managerset outfor theB全句简单句，排除A、C、D,正确答案为Boairport ina hurry.Before drivinginto thecity,you are全句简单句，排除项表被动，正确答案B,A8Arequired toget yourcar•为Ao_____a reply,he decidedto write全句简单句，排除、正确答案为9CBD,Cagain._____The buildingnow willbe a全句简单句，排除正确答案为10C A,Crestaurant.非谓语动词与其他语法结构的结合非谓语动词在英语句子中扮演着重要的角色，它们可以与其他语法结构结合，形成丰富多样的句子成分以下是一些常见的结合方式

1.非谓语动词与主语的结合动词不定式作主语•To learnEnglish wellisimportant.动名词作主语•Swimming isfun.分词作主语•Laughing,he walkedout ofthe room.

2.非谓语动词与宾语的结合动词不定式作宾语•I wanttogohome.动名词作宾语•I enjoyreading.分词作宾语•I saw him workingin thegarden.

3.非谓语动词与表语的结合动词不定式作表语•My goalis to become adoctor.动名词作表语•My hobbyis collectingstamps.分词作表语:•The bookis interesting.

4.非谓语动词与定语的结合动词不定式作定语•I havealotof homeworktodo.动名词作定语•I havea swimmingpool.分词作定语:•The runningwater iscold.

5.非谓语动词与状语的结合动词不定式作状语:•To improvemy English,I readEnglish newspapersevery day.动名词作状语•Working hard,he passedthe exam.分词作状语•Walking alongthestreet,I sawa strangeman.

6.非谓语动词与补语的结合动词不定式作宾语补足语•I wantyoutospeak toTom.动名词作宾语补足语•I heardhim singingintheroom.分词作宾语补足语；•awhimcrossing thestreet.S

7.非谓语动词与逻辑主语的结合动词不定式逻辑主语:•For himto leavenow wouldbe amistake.动名词逻辑主语•His hobbyisplayingfootball.分词逻辑主语:•The boyplayingfootballis mybrother.

8.非谓语动词与独立主格结构的结合动词不定式独立主格结构:•The workdone,we wenthome.动名词独立主格结构:•The problemconsidered,we cannow moveon tothe nexttopic.分词独立主格结构•Thebookread,he returnedit tothelibrary.通过以上结合方式，非谓语动词在句子中发挥着不可或缺的作用，为英语表达提供了灵活性和多样性非谓语动词的时态和语态变化不定式时态/语态主动被动式todotobedone元成式to havedone to have beendone进行式tobedoing—完成进行式tohavebeen doing—动名词时态/语态主动被动—＞式doing beingdone元成式having donehaving beendone分词现在分词时态/语态主动被动式doing beingdone完成式having donehaving beendone过去分词时态/语态主动被动f式—done元成式having done—注意事项不定式和动名词的进行式和完成进行式通常不用于被动语态•分词的进行式和完成进行式在被动语态中也较少使用•动名词和现在分词的被动形式在某些特定结构中可以省略，如•“being”“tobedone可简化为to done”o在某些固定搭配中，不定式和动名词的被动形式可能不使用，如•“to”worth doing。