Reading-Skills阅读技巧

Reading Skills扩大词汇量Increasing WordPowerWords are the bricksto buildup anylanguageHow canwe increaseour wordpower、、、1Read Extensively2Listen andNote3^Etymology4Check、、Unfamiliar Words5Solve Crosswords6Use theWords YouLearn避免回视Preventing RegressionRegressionmeans rereadinga word,phrase,or sentenceout ofhabit andnot becauseof need、Sometimes,it is necessary toreread something,especially in a difficultpassage Buthabitual,、unnecessary regressionreally slowsyou downTo reduce thenumber oftimes thatthe eyesskip backto aprevious sentence,run apointer alongtheline as you readThis couldbe a finger,or apen orpencilYour eyeswill followthe tipof yourpointer,smoothing theflow ofspeedreadingThe speedat whichyou readusing thismethod willlargely dependon the speedat whichyou movethe pointerYoucan alsouse acard orpaper tocover the text afteryou readit toprevent regressionThis willtrainyour eyesto lookforward,and eventuallyyou wontneed theguide to fbcus yourvision Avoiding避免出声阅读Vocalization andInner SpeechPutafingerover yourlips oron yourvocal cords!扩大视幅Broadening EyeSpan（注视）Reading isposed of a seriesof fixationswhich theeye makeswhile viewinga printedlineDuring thesefixation pauses,the materialviewed istranslated intomeanings by the brainA goodreader、will makethree tofour fixationsfor ordinaryline ofprint;the poorreader eightto twelveor more、Toreducefixations,take severalwords orchunk words together in parentheses Practiceseeing morethanone wordat atime,and increasethe amountof words inparentheseseach timeyou practiceWith按意群time,you maybe able to read an entireline oftext inone fixationReading inThought Groups读While makingconstant effortsto improveyour readingprehension,you shouldtry consciouslyto、increase your reading speedAnd to read inthought groupsis aneasy,yet effectiveway ofpicking upspeedand fluencyIt meanswhen youread,try notto think ofa sentence asa stringof singlewordsInstead,thinkofit as、several thought groups In other words,try tomove youreyes groupby group,not fromword towordIn thisway youwill readfaster、However,there areno solidrules fordividing longersentences intothoughtgroupsIt reallydepends onthe idea thatyou aretrying toconvey做笔记Taking notes、Taking notesduring yourreading atthe recallstage keepsyou activeand concentratingBesides,theyprovide awritten recordfor revisionThe contentshould include:、1The authorsmain ideas and anyimportant details;、2The logicalstructure ofhis/her argument;、、3Any importantreferences he/she mentions基本阅读步骤Basic ReadingProcessIt ispreferable toreadapassage atleast twice:the firsttime,to getthe main idea of the passage,and一then asecond time,tofbcuson the important detailsSometimes athird timeisnecessaryto checkthe、difficult pointsFollow the basic readingmethod,and answerthe questionsrespectively when you finishreadingany materialst eachtime、、Most peoplewish theyread moreIt is an activitythat isboth funand enlighteningIt canhelp usbemore knowledgeableand successfulHowever,it is an activitythat manypeople dontengage inverymuchThe followingare tensuggestions to help strengthenyourreadinghabit-ways tofind andmake more、time fbrreading1Always havea bookaround2Set a reading goal3Keep alog4Keep areading list5Turn offthe television6Listen whenyou cantread7Join areading groupor bookclub8Visit thelibrary orbookstore often9Build your own strategy10Drop Everythingand Read略读与查读SkimmingScanningSkimmingAim:To identify the main ideas in the textquicklySome hints and tips fbr betterskimming:1Read thetitle,subtitles orsubheading;、2Look atthe illustrations;、3Read thefirst andlast sentenceof eachparagraph;、4Take inkey words;、5Think aboutthe meaning of the textScanningAim:To lookfbr specificinformation in a textSomehintsandtipsfbrbetter scanning:、1Dont try toreadevery word;、2Use cluesonthepage,such asheadings andtitles;、3Use theheader“wordstohelp you;、4Think upor writedown somequestions;、5Many textsuse AZorder;、6There aremany waysto practicescanning skills了解大意Reading forMain IdeasAnimportant skillin readingis learningto prehend the main idea ofa textThis isacplished byfirstdetermining thethesis statementof thetext Thethesis statement,or topicsentence,tells thereader whatthetext isabout;it is the most important sentencein thetextSometimes the main ideais impliedratherthan directlystated inasentenceand thereader mustlearn howto infermake aneducated guessas towhat the main idea of thetextis inorder toprehendthe material asa whole掌握语篇中得事实与主要情节Recognizing ImportantFacts orDetailsTo understand the main idea thoroughly,you mustrecognize theimportant facts or detailswhich help、develop orsupport itThese factsand detailsgive youa deeperunderstanding ofthe mainidea Herearesome waystohelpyou recognize theimportant facts or details:、、1Read for the mainidea Ifyou haveidentified themainidea,you canrecognize moreeasily the、importantfactsthat supportit、2Keep itin mindthat not all facts ordetailsare equallyimportantLook onlyforthefacts relatedtothe mainidea、3To checkon yourunderstanding ofthematerialyou haveread,review thefacts ordetails whichyou have decidedarethemostimportantThen considerif theysupport whatyou haveidentified as the、mainideaIf addingup thefactsordetails doesnot leadlogically to themainidea,youhavefailed eithertoidentifythemainideaor to recognizetheimportant supportingdetails了解作者得目得与语气Identifying theAuthors Purposeand Tone目得Purpose、1Know themainideaofthe passage;、、2Identify theauthors purposeaccording tothetext语气Tonepositive,negative,neutral,critical,doubtful,suspicious,indifferent,concerned,pessimistic,optimistic,factual,impartial,objective,subjective,ironic,cynical,emotional,polite,humorous;disapproval,hate,admiration,disgust,gratitude,fbrcefulness理解语篇得连贯性Understanding TextCoherence、1Grammatical devices:such astense andaspect,reference,substitution,time orplace relaterandparallel construction;、2Lexical devices:such ashyponymy,synonymy,plementarity,and metonymyand repetition;、「3Logical connectors:such as“and but,in addition”,“that isto say”,etc了解语篇得结论Drawing ConclusionsCarefuland thoughtfulreaders alwaysthink aboutwhat they are reading,trying tointerpret theideas、presented inareadingpassage Indoing sotheyareabletodraw conclusionsbased onwhattheauthortells themInorder todraw reasonableconclusions wehave tobuild ourconclusions uponfactsorevidence andnotupon ourown opinions,likes,or dislikesOf courseour experiencemay proveuseful,but mostofour conclusionsmust bebased onwhat weread inthe passageTo drawa conclusionabout impliedmain ideasin paragraphs,you needto dothe following:、1Consider whateach sentencesays aboutthe montopic;、2Ask yourselfwhat generalthought oridea emergeswhenyouput allof thoseindividual piecesofinformation together;、3Think oftheideathat emergesastheauthors impliedmainideaandthe purpose ofthepassage进行信息转换Paraphrasing、A paraphraseisapassage borrowedfrom asource andrewritten in your own words Aparaphraseshould betrue tothe originalauthors idea,but isrewritten in your ownwords andsentence structureSince youare usingsomeone elsesideasandexpressing theminyourownwords,it isvery importanttogive credittothesource ofthe ideaAparaphrase shouldnot useany ofthe originalauthors wordsexcept incidentalconjunctions andmonprepositions Thecase studyfor guessingvocabulary inEnglish readingThecase studyfor guessingwordsinEnglish readingfalls intosix categories、A Accordingto punctuation、1Chongqing,Chinas newestmunicipality,with apopulation of30million,has weledits firsttesttubebaby、2This streamwas madeup ofthe tinylarvae-newlyborn ants-being carriedout ofthe nestbythe、workers、3They canmake theabstract concrete;the elusiveprehensible;the unfamiliarfamiliar^、4Tornadoes violentand destructivewhirl windnormally occuron hot,humid alittle wetday,but、not necessarilyinthesummer、B Accordingto signalword,including or,in otherwords,not,i ethat is,however,rather than,unlike,etc1People beganto maketheir ownpaper money,or currency、2It must be lastingand easytorecognize,to divide,and tocarry aboutInotherwords itmustbe、durable,distinct,divisible andportable”、、3In fact,the directsellingmodel hasalmost certainlybeen aboon,notabarrier,to Dellsplans4Hedonism,that is,believing thatpleasure isthepurposeof life,seems tobring health,not illness、5In thepast theworld seemedto runin anorderly wayNow,however,everything seemsto beina、state ofturmoil、6Return themoney ofyourownvolition ratherthan beforced tohand itover、7Unlike hissister,who isa warm,interested person,John isapathetic toeveryone andeverything、C Accordingto example、1You mayborrow fromthe libraiyany periodicals:Nature,New Society,News week,or TheListener、2Today youngcouples whoare juststarting theirhouseholds oftenspend lotsof theirmoney onappliances,for instance,washingmachines,refrigerators andcolor televisions、D Accordingto definition1A personor thingbeyond parison,a modelof excellence,is knownas paragonN、、2Ventilation,asyouknow,isasystem ormeans ofproviding freshair Itplays avery importantpartin thefield ofengineering、3Defined mostbroadly,folklore includesall thecustoms,belief andtradition thatpeople havehandeddown fromgeneration togeneration、E Accordingto attributiveclause、1The closeassociation betweenparasite andhost isan exampleof symbiosiswhich means“living、together”、2The protagonististhemain characterinastory,the personwhom wewatch fromthe beginningtothe endoftheaction、3He wasa prestidigitatorwho entertainedthe childrenby pullingrabbits outof hats,swallowing fire,and othersimilar tricks、F Accordingto root,prefix and suffixWord analysiscan bequite usefulespecially ifthere issome contextualinformation inthe sentenceorparagraphRoot carrythebasicmeaning ofthe word,prefix changeroofs meaning,andsuffixpart of、speech Beingaware ofhow wordsare formedwill helpyou todiscover themeaningofa greatnumber宿、of unmiliar wordsinyourreading Bybreaking themdown intoparts,one cantrytoguess thegeneralmeaning ofthem1Some words,like astronaut,are madeup entirelyof Greekof Latinprefixes andsuffixes、，2If theprefix antimeans againstwhat doesantibiotic reallymean、3Flower dehydrationtechniques havealso madedried flowera favorite。