2023年英语名词知识点总结

第一章名词•名词的数

一、可数名词和不可数名词日勺区别定义

1.可数名词一般名词中口勺个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，有单复数之分不可数名词没有单复数之分，物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词可数名词和不可数名词勺重要区别

2.H）可数名词可以被修饰，且有复数形式，而不可数名词不可以被修饰，且没有复数形式1a/an a/an）有些限定词只能修饰可数名词，某些则只能修饰不可数名词，而某些则既能修饰可数名词又能修2饰不可数名词/只能修饰可数名词的有等1few,many=a numberof,a great/good many,a greatmany of/只能修饰不可数名词的有1much,little,a largeamount of,a greatdeal of,即可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的有I some,any,plenty of,a lotof,a largequantity of/只能修饰可数名词单数的有many a,more thanone）有些不可数名词有对应的名词表其个体3Bread-a loaf,work-a job,clothing-a garment,poetry-a poem,traffic-a vehicle,jewellery-a jewel）有些不可数名词加含义发生变化如4s,时间-时代；纸文件，报纸，论文，卷纸；方式-礼貌，水-Time timespaper-papers mannermanners waterwaters水域

二、可数名词复数日勺构成规则如下.大部分名词构成复数时，在词尾加如:1s,A.two weekstime B.two weekstime C.a two-week timeD.two weeks5time

13.We mustfind toreach himA.way B.a meansC.a meanD.meaning

14.Father boughtfor us the otherdayA.tooth-brush B.teeth-brushes C.tooth-brushes D.teeth brush

15.Lets changeA.seat B.a seatC.seats D.the seat

16.We canmeet atA.Mr.Brown B.Mr.Browns C.Mr.Browns D.Mr.Browns

17.Isnt itgetting darkearly—I thinkso.I seeare alreadyon.A.the lightsof the street B.thestreetlightsC.the streetslights D.the lightstreet

18.There arein thisclassA.four MarysB.the fourMarys C.four MarriesD.the fourMarries

19.He shottwo wildand caughtfiveA.sheep,fishes B.sheeps,fish C.sheeps,fishes D.sheep,fish

20.will besent towork inour hospitalA.A mandoctor andtwo woman doctorsB.A mendoctor andtwo womendoctorsC.A mandoctor andtwo womendoctorsD,A mandoctor andtwo womandoctors

21.The heavyflood causedtenA.dead B.death C.deaths D.die

22.Yesterday afternoon,I andmy motherwent toseveral shopsA.flower B.flowers C.flowers D.flowers9Cup-cups,truck-trucks.以原因回⑵［中河即国，结尾的名词构成复数时,在词尾加如，2-es,Bus-buses,box-boxes,bridge-bridges,watch-watches.以辅音字母加结尾的名词构成复数时，直接加如3y s,City-cities,party-parties,body-bodies.以元音字母加结尾的名词构成复数时，直接加如4y s,Boy-boys,play-plays,day-days,key-keys.以辅音字母加结尾的名词构成复数时，一般在词尾加也有特殊状况，如5o Ies,）1Hero-heroes,potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes,negro-negroes,mango-mangoes,buffalobuffaloes,echo（回声）（龙卷风）-（鱼雷）-（多米诺骨牌）--echoes,tornado tornadoes,torpedo torpedoes,domino dominoes,（否决，否决权）（蚊子）-veto-vetoes,mosquito mosquitoes）某些外来词，尤其是音乐方面的词，在词尾加如2s,（独唱，独奏）-（协奏曲）-（座Piano-pianos,solo solos,concerto concertos,tobacco-tobaccos,motto右铭）（大提琴）--mottos,cello cellos）某些缩写词和专有名词，在词尾加如3s,（）（）（）Kilo kilogram-kilos,photo photograph-photos,memo memorandum-memos.以元音字母加日勺名词构成复数时，直接加如6s,（对开纸）-（清唱剧）-（胚胎）-Video-videos,radio-radios,studio-studios,folio folios,oratorio oratorios,embryo（竹子）-（戒律）-embryos,zoo-zoos,bamboo bamboos,kangaroo-kangaroos,taboo taboos注有些以结尾的单词，即可加也可加如0J ses,volcano.某些以结尾日勺名词构成复数时，把变成再加如:7f,fe f,fe v,es,Half-halves,leaf-leaves,knife-knives,thief-thieves,self-selves,life-lives,wife-wives,shelf-shelves,loafloaves,wolf-wolves口诀为了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和一片树叶站在架子上，把狼劈成了两半.某些以结尾的名词构成复数时，直接加如8f,fe s,（鸿沟）（农奴）（酋长）-（悬崖）-Gulf-gulfs,serf-serfs,belief-beliefs,chief chiefs,cliff cliffs,proof-proofs,roof-口诀海湾农奴信酋长，悬崖证据上房顶roofs注以上两种状况均可附（码头），（侏儒），（围巾），（手绢），Wharf dwarfscarf handkerchief.名词变复数不规则变化大体有如下变化9）单复数形不一样，如1（强调）-Man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,mouse-mice,child-children,emphasis emphases注以构成的合成词，是变成如man Jman menEnglishman-Englishmen,Frenchman-Frenchmen,dustman-dustmen但因为他们不是合成词German-Gemans,human-humans）单复数词形相似，如2（工厂）（方式、途径），（风箱），Deer,sheep,fish,works,means Chinese,Japanese,Swiss,bellows series,及由汉语拼音拼出的计量单位，如英语中原有日勺计量单位不在此歹crossroad,horsepower yuan,li,jin,如U,dollar-dollars,pound-pounds,metre-metres除上述状况外，有关名词数的问题还应注意如下几种方面有些名词只有复数形式，一般不直接受数词或（）修饰，假如要表达数量用对应的起量词作用日勺名词a an（剪刀）等Clothes,glasses,trousers,compasses,scissorsA pairof glasses,two suitsof clothes注意此时谓语动词和前面的量词保持一致如A pairof glassesis on the tableTwopairs ofglasses areon thetable）有些名词只有复数，没有单数3Police,people,cattle）有些集合名词即可做单数，指整体；又可作复数，指该集体的组员，指整体时，谓语用单数；指组员4时，谓语用复数常用的名词有等Family,class,group,team,party,public比较下列句子The teamis madeup of12membersThe teamare havinga bathnowMy familyis goingto moveto ParisMyfamily usuallywatch TVafter supper）合成名词的复数形式，一般将其中所包括的中心词变为复数，如5变成变成变成passer-by passers-by,grown-up growns-up,father-in-law fathers-in-law,boy studentboystudents）以结尾日勺专用名词，如等，表达事物日6stheNew YorkTimes,the UnitedNations,the UnitedStates勺整体，谓语用单数，但有些表达群岛，山脉日勺专有名词，谓语常用复数如The UnitedStates isa highlydeveloped countryTheAlps arein Europe）字母、数字、引语或缩略（词）语日勺复数形式是在其后加飞或如7s,There aretwo fs inthe word“office”Many VIPsare comingto ourcity）名词作定语，一般用单数形式，虽然在意义上是复数日勺（如）或总用作复数的名词（如）8shoes trousers也是如此如There aretwenty boystudents inour classThey are hisgirl friendsTrouserpockets注意:）当和做定语时，不能变成单数修饰名词，如a sports,customs,arms,clothes,sales accounts一辆赛车，一种海关官员，武器日勺生产,A sportscar acustoms officerarms productiona clothesshop一家服装店，一种女售货员，一种会计部门a salesgirlan accountsdepartment）但当作定语时，假如被修饰的名词是复数，和也要变成复数如b man,woman Jman womanAwomandoctor,two womendoctors;a manteacher,two menteachers

三、不可数名词日勺数不可数名词一般状况下没有复数变化物质名词需要计数时，一般用起量词作用的名词词组来表达，如A pieceof advice/work/news/meat/coal/musicA cupof tea/coffee/water/,two bottlesof milk,a bagof riceAset offurniture,two dropsof water注意有些不可数名词是以结尾，不要误认为是可数名词，如

1.s等，它们如作主语，谓语用单数News,maths,physics,politics在有些状况下，名词作定语，和作定语，含义不一样，如

2.of一杯咖啡，咖啡杯A cupof coffeea coffeecup•名词的格现代英语名词有两个格，通格和所有格当名词在句中做主语，宾语或补语时，名词无词性变化，称之为通格，当一种名词去修饰句中另一种名词时，有时用通格，有时用飞属格，或属格f所有格的构成

1.J在名词后加如s,Marys books,the boysgirl friend）假如名词以结尾，变复数时再词尾的右上方加‘1s IsThestudents desks,these girlsmother）假如名词复数是不规则名词，所有格的构成是加区如2IThe ChildrensPalace,womens clothes）当连接两个或几种并列名词时，假如所有格后的名词为两人或几人共同所有，只将最终一种名词3and变成所有格，如Tom andMarys books;Jean andmy sistersbooks）假如所有格后的名词为两个或几种分别所有，则在每个名词后都加$如4；Toms andMarys motherJohns andJeans photos）表达店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等所有格后的名词可省略，尤其当背面日勺名词是表达处所的名词5J Atthe doctors,at thetailors,at the teachers,at thebarbers匕属格与属格勺通用和区别

2.of H）一般来说，飞属格多用于有生命日勺名词，而属格则重要用于无生命日勺名词（但在现代英语中，这1of一界线已被打破，如也可以说成也可以说Newtons laws,the lawsof Newton;the rulesof thegame,成）the gamesrules）但当飞属格表达“类另/属性，不可用属格，如b Of博士学位，教师用书A doctorsdegree a teachers book）假如飞属格表达的是详细名词“个别，勺属性，可用属格，如2fThe doctorsarrival=the arrivalof thedoctor注表达时是“泛指类另，没有详细指哪个人，而飞表达的a doctorsdegiee,ateachersbook ll”thedoctorarrival是“详细日勺特性”，译成“那位医生的到来”，可以换成the arrivalof thedoctor）名词通格作定语和飞属格作定语的差异3名词通格作定语表达泛指日勺类别，飞属格作定语表达详细时特指如（轿车发动机，不是其他类别的发动机）Car enginesare madein thisfactory J（那台轿车的发动机，详细特指）That carsengine needsrepairing J（他们在喝午茶）Theyarehaving afternoontea（昨天的午茶坏了）Yesterdays afternoontea hasgone badJ）表达时间、距离、国家、都市等无生命勺东西日勺名词，也可以在词尾加飞或，构成所有格如4H用于时间an hoursride用于度量thirteen tons9weight用于价值a hundredyuans order用于天体the earthssatellite用于国家Belgiums capital用于都市Changchuns agriculture注当分别表达“目前，过去，未来”时，只能用属格，如today,yesterday,tomorrow of地点加飞作定语，表达的关系是“所属”和范围，对应形容词作定语，阐明的是属性和性质如（资源世界各国均有，指在中国范围内，属于中国『、资源）Chinas resourcesChinas resourcesJChinas agriculture,Chinas industry,Beijings streets（世界各国均有本国欧历史,、是论述中国历史，阐明历史日勺属性）Chinese historyJ Chinaresources BtlChinasfood,Chinese food

二、双重所属格构成

1.名词所有格/名词性物主代词如A/two/this/that/these/those++of+That inventionof hiswill greatlybenefit thewhole worldIdont likethat daughterof yours.He isa friendof myfather^.双重所有格与所有格日勺区别

2..他是我父亲的朋友（阐明一件事实）He ismy fathersfriend I他是我父亲的一种朋友（强调数量，相称于）He isa friendof myfathers.J Heis oneof myfathers friends（阐明事实）His inventionwill greatlybenefit thewhole world（带有赞扬的感情色彩）That inventionof hiswill greatlybenefit thewhole worldoJ注有些名词，在背面有所属格和一般格，含义不一样常用日勺止匕类名词有（意见）of opinion/portrait/picture/（评）比较photo/criticism jit对教师的意见An opinion of theteacher IAnopinionof theteacher9s教师的意见我父亲的肖像A portraitof myfather,J我父亲收藏区肖像A portraitof myfather’s I一张他的照片A photoof him他所拥有的一张照片A photoof hisJ对校长的批评A criticismof theheadmaster I校长的批评A criticismoftheheadmasters I单项选择

3.It isknown toall thatan anthas.A.a stomachB.two stomachC.two stomachesD twostomachs

4.like eating.A.Heroes,potatos B.Negroes,potatoes C.Heros,potatos D.Negros,potatoes

5.The housewivescooked twoand sheasked usto helpourselves tosome.A.chicken,chickens B.chickens,chickens C.chickens,chicken D.chicken,chicken

6.I sawlying onthe ground.A.a ten-pound noteB.a ten-pounds noteC.ten-pound noteD.ten-pounds notes

7.These areplaying withthese.A.babys,monkeys B.babies,monkeis C.babies,monkeys D.babys,monkies

8.Long livethe friendshipbetween ofChina andJapan!A.two peopleB.the twopeople C.the two peoples D.twopeoples

9.We hadmany takenontheGreat Wall.A.photos B.a photoC.photo D.pieces ofphotos

10.Some layeggs inthe water,others produceliving young.A.fish B.fishes C.fishs D.kind offish

11.Mr.Smith goesto churchon.A.a SundayB.Sundays C.the SundayD.the Sundays

12.ril giveyou tofinish thework.。