从文化视角看英汉习语翻译

English-Chinese IdiomsTranslation froma CulturalPerspective从文化视角看英汉习语翻译,ones throughthe totem.Britain andmost Westerncountries believe that lionsare the!king of beasts,and lionshave ahigh statusin thehearts of the British.For example,（太岁头上动土）.;people saysthat“beard thelion nhis denIn Chinese,it istranslated!as TaiSui,Tiger,because the Chinese think that thetiger is the kingofbeasts.In the\history ofmore than5,000years in China,the dragonhas always been regardedas aIsymbol ofkindness,fortune,and honor.Therefore,Dragons descendants”are\generally used to describe the Chinese,and theemperors of all agesregard themselvesias realdragons.Long ZiLong Sun,the parentsalways sayWang ZiCheng Long,s but the Westerners think that the dragonis anominous thing,it isfierce andcruel,and奏（恶魔撒旦）.the ultimatefate isdestroyed by God.As in the Bible,the greatdragon Ifsyou translateWang ZIChen longinto ntoexpect oneschildren to be adragon,it will；make the Westerners understand and misinterpretthe meaning of the source language.\Obviously,it canonly be translated freely.订

2.4Religious Inheritanceand LiteraryWorksLanguage is closely related to religion.There are many religiousvocabulary inmodernEnglish;but theyoriginate fromprimitive religiousactivities.Among the two languages ofEnglish and Chinese,many religiousorganizations existedin the world,such asCatholicism,Christianity,and Buddhism.These idiomsrelated tovarious religionsare very different,religion has a majorinfluence on the historicaldevelopment of various ethnicgroups.Withregard to the differences between Chinese and English,there are many studiesat homeandabroad,and there are differententry points.The studyof culturaldifferences withliteraryworks asa carrieris not only ofpractical significancebut alsoof artisticsignificance,so thisresearchmethod hasgradually becomean emergingapproach toresearch.Both China andBritain have a long history ofliterature andhave producedmany worksthat affectthe worldliteraryworld.Chinese cultureis formedand developedon the basis ofConfucianism,Taoism andBuddhism.Reflected in language,many idioms are derivedfrom religiouscontent.But theserelated idiomscan clearly reflect thatdifferent national cultures havedifferentreligious influences.Compared withChinese culture,English-speaking Westerncountries believe inChristianity.It has had aprofound impacton Britishculture.Literally,itshould bena mousethat is as poor asachurch.The churchis aplace forbelievers to carry outreligiousactivities.When theworshippers doworship,they willcertainly noteat.For，,example,as thepooraschurch mouse the churchwill naturallynot beequipped with!food cabinetsand otherutensils.It isof coursea wasteof timefor ratsto findthings in;the church.Therefore,the micein thechurch are very poor.Westerners believe in God（去死吧）.j andsay thathell anddevils exist,such as“go tohell Hestill regardsthe\Bible asa classic,and manyidioms arerelated to the storiesin theBible,toes capeby（幸免于难），（忍受苦难），I theskin ofones teethto bearone*s crossThe forbidden（禁果分外甜）「（将珍贵的东西送给不识货\fruit issweet”to castpearls beforeswine”者），（迷途的羊）（最后审判日）.“the lostsheep”the JudgmentDay China is a countrys based on Buddhismwhich ithas beentransmitted morethan onethousand years.The奏influence on the Chinese is deeplyrooted.People believe that there is aBuddha Lord”借花献佛”、“闲时不烧香”、s whois in the world.For instance,“and so on.Europeans；and AmericansbelieveinChristianity and believethat the world is createdbyGod.\Everything in the worldis doneaccording toGods will.订

2.5Idioms Comefrom Life!Idioms comefrom life,there aremany differenthabits andcustoms invaried*nationality,because of the environmentand geographicalconditions isdistinct.线!Therefore,when translatinglife-related idioms such asfood and animals,we mustfully\consider the differences between Chinese andEnglish customs.The Britishlike to eat（倒霉、不幸）.•bread,cheese andbutter,so the British say“hard cheese”Whether it is the；most basiceating habitsor uniquelanguage habits,these reflectthe differencebetweeni Chineseand British.They liketoeatrice andpasta.Therefore,China have the idioms粗茶淡饭”“生米煮成熟饭”画饼充饥s Westerncountriesbelievethat dogsare；human loyal,friendly friends,so thedogs idioms are mostlymalicious,such asa”（幸运）i luckydog JL.However,in China,despite the increasing statusof dogsinj modernsociety,many peopletake careof theirdogs as their ownchildren,but theidiomsabout dogshave not been particularlygood sinceancient times,and evenmany are“狗仗人势”、“狗眼看人低”、“狼心狗肺”、“狗腿子derogatory,such as

2.6The Symbolof ColorIn the Eastand Westlanguages,because of the collisionof twocultures,the samecolorrepresents different meanings.Among them,it ismost obviousin whiteand red,and it alsoplays adifferentmeaningin idioms.Color isclosely related to humanlife,and weare dealingwithcolor allthe time.The vocabularyofvariouscolors reflects the differentnational culturalcharacteristics of English and Chinesecultures,showing differentnational“personalities“with significantcultural imprints.The samecolor wordsoften containdifferentsymbolic meanings.Therefore,correctly graspingthe deepmeaning ofcolor wordsin English and Chinese,mastering thecorrect translation of vocabularyand idioms in Englishand Chinese,can notneglect thecross-cultural communication.Westernersthink that whiteis（高尚、有教养的人），（好pure,symbolizing innocence.Such as“white man”“white hat”人）,the commonlyused in the newlymarried eulogyna hundredyears ofgood;white-headed，，old white-headed”does not mean whitehead”but refers to oldage.Chinese thinkthatwhite isexhausted and bloodless,symbolizing death.Since ancient times,family membershavebeen wearingfilial pietyand wearingwhite filialpiety aftertheir lovedones died,suchas白事，白幡.Red is the associationof nfirenandblood”,which symbolizesblood and（血战）,violence.For example,“a redbattle”China and the Westare justthe opposite.TheChinese thinkthat redrepresents auspiciousnessand joy,and theperson whopromotes the红娘good marriageof othersis calledThe ancientbrides aregoing towear“red clothesandwear redhijab.New YearsEve”,Red Packets”,“Open Doors”,“Go toroll outa redcarpet”（用来迎接重要的客人）「（己念日）red letterdays”

2.In fact,many wordsin thecolorof thetable donot representthe meaning of thecolor itself.For example,in English idioms（忧郁沮丧），（眼红，嫉妒的），be in the blues,blue“green-eyed”In Chinese,grayusually meansmelancholy.The Chineseassociate blackwith bad,dark,and evil,such as,为黑市）、（黑手党）“black-market“black-hand”.In contrast,in theart ofopera facialmasks,black symbolizesthe uprightnessof historicalfigures and the noblecharacter ofiron-faced selflessness.

2.7Differences in association withobjective thingsDue to differences in cultural backgrounds,they hold different views on differentobjectivethings.For example,“Bamboo isused in Chinese torefer topeople,indicating astrongand uprightcharacter,while“bamboo”in Englishhas nosymbolic meaning.Becausethe bambooplant is not anative ofEngland,but aforeign object.Chinese peoplesviews on花花公子“flowers“are alsodifferent fromthose of the British.““Representing thefrivolousyoung masterwho onlypursues enjoymentand livesin adrunken life”,The Englishwordflower hasno meaningin Chinese.Another example:Song is the mostcommon kindoftree inChina.It symbolizessturdy,high-spirited festivals/*while pinein Englishhas noassociation.There is no correspondingvocabulary in Chinese.For example,goat refersonly to goatsin Chinese,but alsorefers toold ghosts;hateful peoplein English.China andtheWest alsoholddifferentviewson the samethings.Like fox,the Chinesealwaysassociate itwith notso good,such asfox.But Westernershave usedit topraise peopleandhave alively andbeautiful meaning.Let*s talkabout chicken.There is a word inChinacalled，“Dang TangChicken Theassociation in Chineseispoor andembarrassing.But in English,nwet henhas causedanother kindof association,with the meanings ofhate guys*andshatters.They areused toseeing thingsas anorganic whole.Westerners arelonger thanlogicalthinking.Their way of thinkingis linear,and thingsare seenas differentparts.Whichpart of the composition,which part of theproblem isdealt with.Chinese medicineemphasizes theoverall dialecticaltreatment,while Westernmedicine\is aheadache,and thefoot hurts.3Principles andMethods of Translation inEnglish and Chinese J,Idioms卓

3.1Translation Principlesof English and Chinese Idiomsi Thereare differenceswithin the translation communityregarding howto dealwiths culturaldifferencesin translation.If youwant to accurately express the meaning of the；original text,then regardless of whetherthe focusof thesentence isdifferent,you mustidig deeplyinto thecenter aroundit andmaintain the original stylein the original idiomj faithfulnessand righteousnessthe faceof the original.The literal meaning,imagemeaning andimplied meaningare thethree mostimportant partsof the meaning of theoriginal meaning,so we have to combine thesethree and then translate.However,Not everysentenceof the target text,idiom orvocabulary canhave threemeanings atthe same time.These idioms are completelydifferent intwo languagesor twocultures.Some idioms haveliteral meaning,but theyhave noimplicit meaning.Some peopleadvocate startingfrom theoriginal text andrelying on the source language cultureas thedestination.If the translationcannot conveythe phenomenonof thesource languageworld,It cantbe calledconsistentwith the original works.Foreign readersshould first understand foreigncultures,and fromtheWestern language culture,carefully explorewhether theyhave enteredthe context of theoriginal language culture.In theprocess,reach therich target languageculture and improvethelanguage expressionability of the target language,so that the translationreaches thestandardof the original language,and thenbetter understand the customsfrom nationtonation.Many peoplebelievethat the translationshould startfrom the literalmeaning,aimingat the target languageculture andrepresenting themother tongue.Language istransformedinto aculture offoreign languages.The mostimportant thingis to avoid culturalbarriers andculturalcollisions when translating,and considerwhether readerscan godeep intoit.Because of the culturaland religiousdifferences betweenChinaand theWest,there aremanycontradictions between the two.The essenceof idiomtranslation is also changeable.Ofcourse,in the translation process,we alwaysencounter manyobstacles,because thelanguagewe usedbut does notmeanto express.Therefore,we should find someappropriate waystotranslate idiomsto solvethe difficultieswehaveencountered.When translation is onlyseenas anexchange betweentwo languages,the deepculture containedin thelanguage doesnotmanifest orbe valuedby the translator or the intendedreader of the translation.Thetranslation of the superficiallanguage mustof coursebe placedin the first place.Translationat thistime usuallyuses domesticationas themain principleand method.Because nthetranslation of naturalizationis familiar;after listeningto familiarity,there is no senseofdiscomfort andresistance,so therehas alwaysbeen a lot of advocates,practitioners andadvocates.As thepace ofglobalization in the worldis accelerating,the culturalexchangesbetween differentnations andcountries areaccelerating,and translation isnolongerconsidered to betheconversion of the superficialmeaning between the two languages.Cultural factorswill surelyreceive moreand moreattention.The languagereproduces theoriginalcultural activities.

3.2Translation Methods of English and Chinese Idioms

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2.1Several Translation Methods inLifeThe mutualtranslation of idioms is not onlyconducive to the exchangeof cultures of variouscountries,but alsoconducive to the developmentof language.Mr.QianZhongshu ofour countryhashadthis opinion:Translation mainlyachieves twopurposes.The firstpoint isto preservethe flavorof itsoriginal workwhile translating.The secondpointis that it cannot be forcedto beblunt dueto differencesinlanguagehabits.Therefore,in orderto achieve theeffect andpurpose of translation well,we mustlearn howtocarryoutintercultural translation/1By exploringdifferent culturaldifferences,this paperbelieves thatEnglish-Chinese translationhas the following methods.I ammost afraidof encounteringarticleswith manyidioms when translating.Those whobegin to translate arelimited tocognitionand languageability.They generallytend totranslate wordby word and adopttheequal translationof word-to-wordandsentence-to-sentence.They mistakenlythought thatsuch a translationwould beconsidered faithful,However,English and Chinese cannot beequal,and the two are not onlydifferent insentence structure,but alsorarely equatedinvocabulary.Therefore,translation must be basedon therespective cultural characteristics arechangedaccordingly so that theycan beunderstood and accepted byeach other.Most of thetranslation circlesagree that there aretwo stagesof translationintranslation:In theprocess oftranslation,it israre to use literal translation orcomplete translation.In other words,you canliterally translate asmuch aspossible.The advantageof literal translation isthat it canexpress the meaning of the original text,and tryto maintain the originallanguage style.Thereare somemethods asfollows:a.Translation basedon literalmeaningThe literalmeanings andmeanings of these idioms are the same orsimilar,and theimplicit（福无双至）「meanings are the same.Such asGood luckwould nevercome inpairs”Long（头发长，见识短）.（说时容易做时难）.hair andshort wit”Easier saidthan done.”Thatis to say,the actualmeanings expressedby the idioms are the sameand can betranslated.Theforce method is applicableto thecase wherethesource language idiomand the targetlanguage idiomhavethe same orsubstantially the same meaning,that is,the correspondingstatementis foundin thetargetlanguage,and the word-by-word replacementis avoided.When thereis somethingin commonbetween the two languages,we need touseliteraltranslation totranslate the idioms.These commonalitiesare thebasis oftranslation.It keepsthemain formof thearticle,so wedont makemistakes thathinder the translationofnormalmeaning.The advantageof the literaltranslationmethodisthatit can maximizethemetaphorical image of thesourcelanguage idioms,highlighting the national characteristicsandlanguage style.But thechoice ofliteraltranslationmustbecautious,and should be basedonthe principlethat the reader doesnot affectthetargetlanguage.Although weoften useEnglishand Chinese idioms inour lives,we findthattherearemanydifferencesbetweenthetwo both,Chineseand British peoplelive onthe sameearth.There willalwaysbethe samecognition,and theinter-ethnic exchangesand themutual penetrationand integrationofculture betweenthetwo countries.Some idiomsexhibit the same orsubstantially the samecultural identity.That isto say,the actualmeanings expressedby the idiomsare thesameandcan betranslated.The literalmeaning andmeaning ofsome idiomsarethesame orsimilar,and theimplicit meaningsarethesame.Such asat sixesand sevenscan betranslated as乱七八糟、如履薄冰“messy to be onthin ice and likethe thiniceand soon.Literaltranslation of the meaning of words:one isthe mistranslationof proper nouns orspecialized（terms,and the other isto findfake friends”-words with thesameform butdifferent）东方时空一meanings in thetwolanguage forms.For example:propernouns,Oriental Time、世界知识产权组织一andSpace WorldIntellectual PropertyOrganization.For红茶example,fake friends,is“Black tea”.b.Alternative methodor set usageBorrowing usagerefers toa translationmethod thatreflects theoverall meaning of theoriginaltext throughwords and images that are different from the originaltext.In thesenseand theusage arebasically thesame orpartially consistent,you canuse thesynonym idiomtoreflect,which isconducive to the translatorto betterunderstand the meaning of the original.When wetranslate idioms,we shouldadd some words orreduce somewords.What istheword increaseWe need to addsomewordsto express the meaning of thesentence accordingto the contextof thesentence.What isthe minusword methodReduce unnecessary wordsand makesentences moreconcise.We shouldobey grammar rules andsemantic rules whileadding words.But weneed to be carefulnot toreduce someof thenecessarywords.Weshould obeygrammarrulesand rhetoricalruleswhilereducing words.Easy fbrthe readertounderstand,it iseasier tolook for a needlein ahaystack thanto findhim insucha”（要在这么大的城市里找到他好比大海捞针）.metropolis Westernersthinkthatrabbitsare a symbol oftimidity.In Chinese,the associationof rabbitsis agile,well-behaved,and hasnothingto dowith timidity,although inboth cultures,the culturalmeanings ofrats andrabbitsare different,but idiomsconnotation isthesame,so youcan applythe idiomdirectly.c.Free translationIninterpreting,if youliterallytranslateliterally,the meaningmay bevague andunclear,and youcannot accuratelyexpresstheinformation and cultural connotationof theoriginalwords.Sometimes itmay causeserious misinterpretation,even ifit isinconsistent with theoriginal intentions,and it is completelydifferent.At thistime,thetranslatormust takeotherworkarounds according to the specific situation,make appropriategrammar andvocabularyadjustments,or interpretativetranslation,or explain the specificcontent.The keyis totranslate the truemeaningof theoriginalwords.That istosay,free translationmainly startsfrom the meaning,and onlyrequires theoriginal meaningof theoriginal expression,withoutexcessive attentionto detail,but requiresthetranslationto benatural andsmooth.It isimportantto notethat free translation^doesnotmean“the letteris open,not themarginaltranslation^.The addition of toomany words isnodifferentfrominterpretation.In thiscase,itshould betranslated.Therefore,in cross-cultural communication,such asliteral translationand alternative methodor setof usagecan notcompletely and truly conveythe meaningoftheoriginal idiom,the useof free translation,firstunderstand the culturalconnotation andactualmeaning,and thenappropriate treatmentaccording to the context,and usethe method of freetranslationtoaccuratelytranslatethesubstantive information oftheoriginaltext.The落花流水，被打additionofwordsistoo muchto explain.Such astobeshattered topieces”的大败之意），（乌烟瘴气）（）“chaos,Huzheng Dong.

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85.In thiscase,it shouldbetranslated.Therefore,In thepart oftheincreasingintercultural communication,such asliteraltranslation andalternative methodor setof usage,themeaningoftheoriginalidiomcannot becompletelyandtrulyconveyed.And thenappropriately handlesit according to thecontext,soas toachieve firstreach themeaning,then passthe god”.“be in the pink”,If the literaltranslation iswearing pinkclothes”,it isobviously misleadingor simplyimpossible tounderstand.In Englishallusions,the clothesworn by the huntersare darkred,and thehunters，are calledthe pinkwhile thehunters oftenexercise andhave goodphysical fitness.Inaddition,feel proudandelated,9（扬眉吐气）.d.AnnotationA commentis atext thatintroduces andcomments onthe vocabulary,content,background,and citationof abook orarticle.The annotationsfor theancient booksbegan inthepre-Qin period.In somecases,freetranslationmay notbe ableto conveyculturalinformation veryeffectively.Free translationand necessarycomments canprovide thecorrespondingcultural background and allusionshistorical eventsor mythologicalstories.The characters,stories,etc.mentioned in the idiomsare uniqueto the country.We cannotfindthe correspondingcultural informationin othercountries.If theimageof a rich nationalconnotation isreplaced by a simplegeneral vocabulary,then themeaning itexpresses willbetoo monotonous.The imageof a richnationalconnotation replacedbyaplain generalvocabularywould make thetargetidiom toomonotonous.Firstly,it retainstheoriginalflavorof thesourcelanguageidioms;Secondly,it alsoshows theintrinsic meaning and cultural.informationofthe idioms.For example:I amas pooras Job,my lord,but notso patient（注:约伯，以忍耐和贫穷著称的圣徒，见《圣经•约伯记》）.The peoplewho readtheBible donot know who Job is,but Chinesereaders dontknow muchabout theBible,and theydontknow whoJobis,therefore,comments mustbe notedin thetranslation.Both Englishidioms and idioms in Chineseare oftenconcise andmeaningful,but theyare far-reaching.Sometimes thereisnosimilar expressioninthe translated language,so whentranslating,youneed toexplain alittle.Therefore,in manycases itis difficultto finda wayto expressChineseand Englishpeers.For the Chinese,the commonsense thingsthatareknown toeveryone canbeomitted from the Chinesemanuscript,or theycan betaken over,but whentranslated intoEnglish,they shouldusethemethodofadding wordsto helpforeigners understand.Themoral meaningofthetranslation.At present,the commonmethod inthetranslationcommunity istocombineliteraltranslation^and freetranslation^:any goodtranslation worksisnota simpletranslationmethod,but maintainsthe accuracyoftheoriginal content.In thecase ofno ambiguity,thetwo translationmethods areused togetherinthesame translation work.

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2.2Common mistakesin idiomtranslationIn the idioms of Englishand Chinese,sometimes theform isalmost thesame.It isoftensaid thattranslation isa miscellaneousschool.The authorbelieves thatheterogeneous ismixedin culture.The qualityofthetranslation dependstoa large extentonthe translatorshandling andprocessing of cultural information.The translatorshould recognizethedifferences betweenthe various words,the differencesbetweenthenationalcultures,and theoriginalreaders and thetargetreaders.In themeantime,keep clearofthemind,ontheonehand tryto reproducetheoriginaltext information,ontheother hand,can takeinto accountthereaders abilityto accept.If youare betteror worse,you mustsee howthe translatorchoosesand createsit artistically.Translation activitiesare,toa large extent,an artof choiceandcreation.It isinevitable thattherearegains and losses,and therearemanyregrets left.The translatorshouldfinda balancebetween gainsandlossesand minimizeregrets.Themeaning seems tobe similar,creating anillusion of“plausibility andlook andfeer\so becareful whentranslating.Idioms have their specificmeanings,and thesimpler theidiom,themore likelyitisto misunderstand.In addition,most idiomsare rigorousin structureandsemantically unified.Therefore,we shouldtranslate wordby wordaccordingtothe surfacemeaningof idiomsand everyword inidioms.The translationmethod introducesthesubstitution methodorthesetusage.This methodcan not only expressthe connotationof thesourcelanguageidiom,but alsomake thetargetlanguageidiom clearand understandable,andmaintain thesemantic integrityand structuralsymmetry oftheidiom.However,this methodneedstobeused withsome care.If youchoose thewrong idiomor applytheidiom,you willlaughandbegenerous.For example,the Englishidiom“go tolaw asheep,you losea cow”，seems similartotheChinese idiomsmashed sesame,lost watermelonbuttheactual twoidiomsare notequal.In additiontothemetaphorical meaningofthe Englishidiom,theEnglish idiomalso expressesthe highcost,and alsoreflectsthe culturalbackgroundin whichthe British andAmericans areused tosolving disputesthrough legalmeans.Therefore,only（褒贬）theliteralmeaning isthesame,the impliedmeaning themeaningofis farfrom thesame,andthe idioms of“family and”cannotbetranslated eachother.In the idioms of Englishand Chinese,sometimes theform isalmost thesame.The meaningseemstobesimilar,creating anillusion of“plausibility andlook andfeeF\so becarefulwhentranslating.4ConclusionIt isthe factthattheimportance oftranslated literatureis increasingday byday,peopleargue thattranslationisa technicalwork andanyone cando it.As longas thetext istranslatedliterally,itcanbe doneregardlessofthe spiritualpurpose containedinthelines.English andChinese idiomshave far-reaching implicationsfor thelanguage,life,and otheraspects ofeachnation.Any translationmethod hasmerits anddemerits,and youshould chooseasuitable waytotranslateaccordingtothe specificsituation.OnEnglish-ChineseIdiomsTranslation froma CulturalPerspective[Abstract]Idioms,as the reflection ofculture,aretheconcise formof language.They havebothunique culturalcharacteristics andcan reflectthe culturalbackground ofa countrysreligion,historical eventsandthesituation ofthe geography.In translation,we shouldtry ourbestto interpretthemeaningandimageoftheoriginal idioms,and knowthe characteristicsandregional colorsofa nation.English-Chinese idiomstranslation includesthe translatedprinciples andthe strategiesoftranslation,while translationstrategies havefreetranslation,meaning expansion,rewritingand raising.When wehave tosingle outthe most appropriate translationprinciples andmethods,which requirestranslators to make aknowledge of idioms indifferent culturalbackgroundssothatforeign readerscan appreciatedifferent foreigncultures.In specificparagraphtranslation,theculturalmeaningof idioms shouldbe fullyunderstood bythetranslator,and thenchoose themostappropriatetranslation strategyto supplementthedifferences.In idiomtranslation,the researchand practiceoftranslationtheory isbased onculturaldifferences.We shouldnotice theprinciple culturaldifferences arecrucial.It canmakeidiom translationsclearly defined,thus improvingthe abilityof Chinese-English idioms.The higherlevel oftranslation makesthe differenttranslation more vivid andaccurate,thedissemination ofethnic idiomsandtheabsorption offoreign idiomsare equallyimportant.[Key Words]Idiom;Cultural Difference;Translation Principle;TranslationMethod,theotherhand,we alsostrive tolet moreChinese understandthe Englishculture andto!achieve theeffect of cultural integrationbetweenthetwocountries.They arethe result;of historical and culturalevolution andcarry theirrich culturalconnotations and their!historical backgroundnatural environmentsits geographicalfactor economiclife,and\customs andpsychology areclosely related.They shouldnotbehard-wired butshouldI alsobe analyzedin aspecific context.At thesame time,pay attentionto avoidingthe\mistakes mentionedinthearticle.And tobe ableto doa goodjob oftranslationworkon\thebasisof masteringtheoriginallanguage andthetranslatedlanguage.Mastering thestranslationof idioms isessential forcultivating languagecomprehension and奏intercultural communicationskills.Idioms witha brighternational color,thetranslatorsshouldbebasedonspecific circumstancesand cannotbe generalized.At thesametime,；thetranslationtries tocope withvarious relevantfactors inbilingual,and\comprehensively considersthetranslationtobemore expressiveand moremeaningful.订AcknowledgementsThe graduationthesis submittedbytheresearcher underthe guidanceofthetutor.Andthe valuableadvice ofthe instructorduring theopening ofthe thesis,thefirstdraft.In theprocess ofwriting thisthesis,my tutorteacher devotedalotof hardwork from thetopic selectiontotheopening reportfrom thewriting outlineto overand overagain pointingoutthespecificproblems ineach manuscript.I amsincerely gratefulfor this.Writing athesisis aprocess ofre-learning.I willremember thatI was an Englishmajor studentwho 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1.1CultureandIdiomIdioms playan importantrole indifferent cultures.Idiom languagehas also added alotof colortotheworld ofwriting.The fascinationof nidiomsnlies inthe factthattherichreading ofpoetry andpoetry isself-sufficient isnaturally revealed.The wordsand deedsshowthe eleganceand modesty.The majorityof partymembers andcadres andcontemporaryyouths mustbe goodat learningand goodat progress.A lifeattitude,a kindofwork responsibility,a spiritualpursuit,consciously loveto read,read agood book,andactively promotethe constructionofalearning partyandalearning society.It istrue thatreadingand studyingisthegolden keyto openthe doorof excellenceand professionalismatany time.Since ancienttimes,theChinesenation hascondensed theconsensus thatneverythingintheworldisdown,and thatonly readingis high”,and thatthereisno wayoutin thepast.In thefuture,it willnot work.The meaningoftheidiomisoften notinferred fromthemeaningofa singleword inthe phrase.EnglishandChineseidiomsare influencedbytheir respectivecultures andhave arich culturalheritage andclearlyreflectthe differencesbetweenthetwocultures.Therefore,intheprocess ofEnglish-Chineseidiomconversion,thetranslator mustfirst have a deepunderstanding ofthe differencesbetween EnglishandChinese idiomcultures.On thisbasis,reasonable translationmethods totranslate aretheessence ofidiomsintheoriginaltext.Meaning andculturalcharacteristicsare achievesmoothEnglish-Chinese culturalexchanges.It hasnotonlya strongnational colorandaclearcultural contrast,but alsohas itsown connotation.We livein aninternational society,andcross-border exchangesare necessary.Therefore,theidiomsthat wetranslated mustbesubject tolocal culturalrules.For example,Europeans speakvery muchin theirdaily lives,but Americansarenot.Large numbersof Americanidiomsareinarelatively freeform.Thestrong vitalityof culturesrely onthe support oflanguage,and itsspread alsobenefits fromthesupportoflanguage.Language isa mirrorof insightinto socialculture.Languageunderstanding involvescultural understanding,while languageunderstanding requiresculturalunderstanding.The complexcultureandwayoflife intheworldandtheway ofthinkingare inseparablefromthelanguage andcommunication,so theimpactofculturaldevelopment onlanguage cannotbe underestimated.Idioms havea widemeaning.In anarrow sense,it generallyreferstophrases orsentences thatare commonlyusedtogether andhaveaspecificform,and their meanings oftencannotbeinferred fromthemeaning ofa singlewordinaphrase.

1.2The RelationshipBetween Cultureand TranslationInotherwords,whentranslating,we mustnotonlypay attentiontothetextual contentofthe language,but alsoneedtounderstand allthe non-linguistic factorsrelatedtothis idiom.Cultural factorsare alsoessential.It canbe seenthatthesuccessful completionof thetranslationare relevanttothecross-language barriers,andthecultural gap.Translation istheprocess oftranslating onelanguage into another.Intheprocess oftranslation,we alsoneed toconsiderthe differencesin localculture tobetter communicatethe relevantculturesofeach“红色country.These colorscan reflectthemeaningofidiom.Such asthewordSometimes,theChinesemeaningandEnglish meaningof redcan correspondto eachother.For（红力箕）.example,red flagYellow isverydifferentbetween EnglishandChinese.Yellowin English,withthemeaningoftimidity andcontempt.nHe istoo yellowto undertakethis（他难以承担这项任务）.task.However,blue hasthesame meaning asyellow inEnglish,（不雅笑话）.such as“blue jokes”Therefore,when wewant toexpressthesamemeaning,thedifferencebetweenChineseandBritishculture determinesthat weneedtoadopt differentmethods.Because differentpeoples usedifferent languages,andtheirhistoryandculture aredifferent.This requirestranslators notonlytohave bilingualability,but also to havedual-cultureandeven multi-cultural knowledge,especially thenational psychologicalconsciousness,cultural formationprocess,historical customstradition,religious cultureandgeographical featuresofthetwolanguages.The seriesof interchangingfactors havea certainunderstanding.It isthese mutualfactors thatmake thelanguage andculture ofthe EnglishandChinese nationalitiesreflect theirunique national colors.2Factors Leadto DifferencesinChinese-English IdiomTranslation

2.1Innate NaturalConditionPeople haveunique feelingsfor certainthings onthe differentgeographicalenvironments andclimatic conditions.As weall know,Britain isacountrythat Surroundedbythe NorthSea,the EnglishChannel,the CelticSea,the IrishSea andthe AtlanticOcean.Inaddition totheBritishmainland,italsoincludes someoverseas territories.The historyof themaritimeindustry is extremely developed.Therefore,many Englishidiomsarerelatedtothe、、fish seawater seaand ships,such asthe formationofEnglishidiomsandthe production,（暂时歇一歇），labor andlife ofpeople.Such as”to reston onesoars tokeep onesheadabove water11（奋力求存）（Linzhi Jian.2009,Pl13）.The wayisclosely related.For instance,all atsea（不知所措）,“tower oneTs sail”（甘拜下Al）.The UnitedKingdom isan islandcountry,andtheHan peoplelive andmultiply inthe Asiancontinent.Peoples livescannot beseparatedfromtheland.Therefore,theEnglishandChinesepeople havedifferent cultures.China isa landlockedcountry andhas beendominated byagriculture sinceancienttimes.“守□如瓶Therefore,many Chineseidiomsarecloselyrelatedto agriculture.Chinese say［（牡蛎），inEnglishisas closeasanoyster,oyster meansIn addition,the Chinesebelievethattheeast windisthespring wind,meaning hopeand newlife,andtheBritishbelieve thatthe westwind representshope.People oftensay,Winter iscoming,can springbefar behindCustoms and habits arethereflectionand expressionoftheculturalconsciousness graduallyformed byanationinthelong years,and aredominated bythe stateofthenationalpsychology.It constitutesarichidiom,and isa deepsoil whereidioms breedandgain vitality.Duetodifferent customsandhabits,theidiomsofEnglishandChinesealsohave theirown characteristics.The differencesbetween EnglishandChinesecustoms andhabitslead tothe formationofculturalpersonality andalsotopeoples understandingof theobjectiveworld.

2.2Rich HistoricalStoryBoth Chinaand Britainhavealonghistory.The profoundandprofoundculture containsrich historical stories,idiomssuchas fablesand allusions,which havestrong nationalcharacteristicsand historicalfeatures,and arewidely spreadtothepeople.These richidioms,although simple in structure,havefar-reaching implications.It hasa strongnationalcolor,distinctive culturalpersonality andrichhistoricalandcultural information,which bestreflectsthecharacteristicsof differenthistoricalandcultural economiclife,geographicalenvironment andcustoms.Chinaisone ofthe fourancient civilizationsintheworld.It hasavery longhistory.People areusedtothe legendaryEmperor Yanastheancestor oftheChinese clan.There isalso thesaying thatPangu isopen tothe earth.Pangu,the godofancient Chineselegends,istheancestor of Chinas openingup oftraditional culture,butEnglish andAmerican readersmay notknowwhohe is.The socialsystem ofBritishcapitalism hasundergone along periodof development.During theperiod whencapitalismgained survivalopportunities andcontinued togrow anddevelop,theBritishpeople weredrivenout ofthe countryside,experiencing thehardships ofthe citytomakea living,andrecognizing thesupremacy ofsocial money.China hasexperienced feudalsociety forthousandsof years.Confucianism hasalways occupieda dominantposition insociety.（）Confucianism wasfounded byConfucius,a thinkerofthelate Springand AutumnPeriod.Confucius advocatedthe administrationof benevolentadministration tothe country,andbelieved thateveryone hasthe rightto educationand promotesimpartiality.The doctrineofthe meaning,therefore,alargenumber ofstatements relatedto ConfucianisminChinesehavebeen passeddown tothe present.Celebrities haveappeared inthe historyofChinaand theWest,and peoplehave compiledtheir affairsintoacode,soalargenumberofidiomshavebeen formed.It cannotbe directlyunderstood fromtheliteralpoint oftranslation.Althoughthese idiomsareverysimpleinstructure,theirmeaningisextremelyprofound.For example,（three smugglers,synthesizing aZhuge Liang.Zhuge Liangisafamous figureinChinese）（）history LilingJun.

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136.He isof courseasymbolof wisdomintheminds ofChinesereaders.If themethod usedinthetranslationisbased onlyonthemeaningof,it willbedifficult tocorrectly conveythe historicalbackgroundandculture behindit.Therefore,onlyby combiningtheliteralmeaning withthe knowledgebackground behinditcanmakethe（一culturalinformationoftheoriginallanguagebe fullyreproduced,meet onesWaterloo”败涂地）（出自年月日滑铁卢之战）1815618Napoleon suffereda fiascois calledbum（破釜沉舟）（时间就是金钱），ones boat”XLiutie Chen.

2005.P250Time ismoney Two（同彳亍是冤家）ofatrade neveragree”andsoon.（）

2.3National CultureTotemEach countryhas itsown totemasthespiritual sustenanceofthepeople ofthecountry.Peopleexpress theirlonging fora betterlife andtheir blessingsto theirloved。