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For example,the themeof the6th issue of The Reader is“Tears”,and theactress SiqinGaowatold aboutthe tearsof beingan actress.Especially whenplaying therole of a mother,the reasonwhy shecan performwell isto havethe creditof hermother.I haveso manytearsofamother in the play,but they are alldue to the tearsof mymother outsidethe play.So onmany of the charactersI haveinterpreted Ican see the shadowof mymother9Whenreading aloud,Siqin Gaowachose Mr.Jia Pingwaswork MyMother.The simpleandmoving storyis combinedwith theemotional narrative.222Journalistic Narrationin Ellen ShowIn Ellen Show,the storyis the basis of the topic.The newsconcerning the topic is thefocus.A lot of newsfrom Ellen Show isheavyweight.There arepeople who have changedthetimes,such as the formerUS PresidentBarack Obama.There arepublic figuresof greatinterest,such as the heiressHilton.In theObama show,Ellen said,“Today is the lastday ofBarackObamas presidency.He hasmade manyunimaginable advancesin thepast eightyears.This paystribute toObama andObama recallsthe eightyears asPresident.Thecombination ofcharacter interviews and newsnarratives hasgreatly impressedtheaudience.Ellen Showwill alsofrequently collectsome peoplesreal records,such asthose withfamilydifficulties,those who are sickand haveno moneyto treatdiseases,and thosewhovoluntarily helppoor childrenas teachers.For example,a femaleteacher alwaysspends alotof moneyto helpstudents who have difficultiesin life.And tosave her father,shedonated herown kidney.So Ellenrewarded herwith$50,
000.Ellen willinterview peopleabout their deedsand offerencouragement andsupport.The donationfrom Ellen Show isalsodone in a cleverway,not givenby Ellen Show,but bya company.In thisway,Ellen didgooddeeds,won thehearts of the audience,and madepropaganda for the advertisers.
2.3Difference inInteractive ModesTheinterview program is generallycomposed ofthree elements:the host,the guest andthe audience.A goodinterview programnot onlyrequires the host to have professionalskills,but alsorequires amore tacitinteraction between the guests and the audience.
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3.1Active Participationin Ellen ShowThe American talk showhas nofixed requirementsfor theidentity of the guests.Theycan besocial celebritiesor ordinary people.It canbe thePresident,and themembers canalsobe prostitutesand murderers.The host and the guest areequal in the program.Theguests speakfreely andcooperate with the hosfsrelaxed andpleasant conversationstyle.They willtell their own unknownstories orinner views.In the interview program,the audienceactively speakand express their opinions.Sometimes whenthe guestsopinions arecontrary to the audiences,the audiencewill giveastrong verbalattack and even havephysical conflictswith the guests.Kim Kardashianwaspreviously dismissedby themedia.She didnot talkabout itin public.But in the program,one of the audiencesuddenly stoodup and asked Howdo youexplain yourderailment^Moreover,Kim Kardashiansaid aswearing wordfirst.When shesaid sucha sentence,theaudience at the showburst intoapplause.232Passive Participationin The ReaderMost Chinese TV talk shows liketo invitecelebrities,experts andfamous people.They areoften onlyparticipants in the talk show,and providinginformation with theprogram is their maintask.The guestsnaturally hidethe trueside of their lives.The audience in the Chinese talk show isgenerally notgood attalking anddoes notliketo express themselves.They areoften in a passiveposition ininterviewsand programinteractions.When the host needsto interactwiththe audience,it isgenerally throughgestures.The hostwill choosethe audiencewho meetshis requirementsto participatein theprograminteraction.The hostwill generallyask,“who wantsto answerthis questionI willchooseone amongthe audiencewhoareraising theirhands.This mister,please.”III.REASONS FORCULTURAL DIFFERENCESThroughcomparative research,it isfound thatChinese and American talkshows arepublicforums thatfbcus onpeoples dailylives.The fundamentalreasons fbrtheir manycultural differences liein theirdifferent socialbackgrounds,values andways of thinking.
3.1Social ReasonsThecreation anddevelopment ofa programis inseparablefrom itssocial andmediaenvironment.The United States is a capitalistcountry,a liberalcountry and acommercialized country.The socialsystem andmedia legalsystem arerelatively complete.China is a socialistcountry,with emphasison collectivismrather thanindividualism.Themedia shouldtake socialinterests asits primaryobjective.Therefore,the socialenvironment has broughtdifferent orientationto the interview program.
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1.1American SocialBackgroundThe functionof American TV programs is a tool forprofit,and maximizingprofits isthefocus of the program.American programproduction andbroadcasting companiesarebuilt in a fullycommercial businessmodel.The greatestcompetitive advantagein themarketis theirbusiness philosophyand survivalrules.The UnitedStates isa gatheringplace forimmigrants from all overthe world.Thediversity of the humanisticenvironmenthascreated adiverse culturalatmosphere andmediaatmosphere.Americans arewilling to create andaccept newthings,and are moretolerant ofthings thatare contradictorywith theirown views.Therefore,Americanprograms arebold and innovative,with diverseprograms anddifferent forms,and lessfollow-up.
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1.2Chinese SocialBackgroundThe accelerationof Chinassocial democratization and theincreasingly opensocialenvironment hasprovided amore relaxingenvironment forTV viewers.The Readerhasseized thisfeature.While leveragingthe advantagesof traditionalmedia,it has also usedanew mediaplatform andrelied on the advantagesof theInternet tocreate avisual culturalfeast.Culture in China is the bloodof the Chinese nationand thespiritual homeof thepeople.In2017,the GeneralOffice of the StateCouncil issuedthe OpinionsonImplementing theInheritance andDevelopment of Chinese ExcellentTraditional Culture.The implementationof thispolicy isconducive toincreasing culturalsoft power,but alsoplaysa vitalrole in the inheritanceof Chineseculture.Under thebackground ofstrongsupport from the state,The Readerappeared as a TVcultural programat thistime,undoubtedly respondingto thecall of the country,taking theinitiative toassume theresponsibilityof themedia,and takingthe leadin demonstrating.
3.2Cultural ReasonsThecultural differences between EllenShow and The Reader are alsodue tothedifferent culturalvalues andways ofthinking between people in China and the UnitedStates.
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2.1Different CulturalValuesValues arethe foundationand guidanceof humanaction.More importantly,they canhelpus decidewhether it is right or wrong.The valuesystem isa partof culture.Itdetermines theway ofcommunication and the maindifference betweenEastern andWestern cultures.China generallyhas acollectivist culturalmodel,and thecore ofWesternculture is individualism.In China,collectivism emphasizesthat collective interests aremore important thanpersonal interests.Personal interestsshould besubject tothe collectiveinterests,and ifnecessary,one shouldsacrifice personalinterests tomeet thecollectiveinterests.Chinesecollectivist culturepursues theharmonious relationshipamong people,between peopleandsociety,betweenpeopleand nature.In thecollectivist culture,the conceptsof we,interdependence,responsibility,and obligation^are valued.While Americanpeople greatlyvalue individualism.The mainidea isto believeinpersonal values,to valueindividual freedom,and toemphasize self-discipline andself-development.Americans advocateindependent thinking,independent judgment,andrely on theirownability toachieve theirown interests.In theindividualistic culture,theconcepts of“I,independence,and self-reliance^are emphasized.Personal identity,individual rightsand personalneeds areconsidered to be moreimportantthanthe collectiveinterests.Westerners areinfluenced byindividualism andare outgoingand straightforward.In EllenShow,Westerners emphasizetheir views.For example,“We cantWe cant.This repetitionshows that the guestis anxiousto expresshis/her opinions.He/She thinksthis is his/her freedom.
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2.2Different Waysof ThinkingTheway ofthinking isclosely relatedto language.Language isatool.The differenceinthinking patternsis thecause oflanguage differences.In communication,theChineseway ofthinking isvery complicated.Chinese peoplevalueface,do notdirectly rejectothers,and usuallyexpresstheir opinions implicitly.Whenexpressing theirown ideas,their thinkingis roundabout.They believethattheworld isawhole,and thatpeople,nature andsociety are a whole.Chinese traditionalculture promotesharmony.People striveto avoidpublic conflictsand pursueharmonious interpersonalrelationships.Even ifthe hostorthe guest hasexpressed adifferent opinion,he orsheusually usesa smileto showkindness.The accusationsand quarrelsin EllenShow rarelyoccuron ChineseTV shows.Therefore,the interviewtakes placein aharmonious andfriendlyatmosphere.Western people,however,aremoredirect andclear in their communication.Theyusually expresstheiropinionsdirectly andput themain contentatthebeginning of thesentence.They havelinear thinkingand analyticalthinking.In thequestion-and-answersequence,Ellen usuallyasks questionsinastraightforward manner,while the guests answerquestionsdirectly.No matterwhether theiropinions arerightorwrong,they haveenoughcourage toexpressthemselvesclearly.On TV,quarrels are very common,andeventheyblame each other.This directway ofthinking alsoreflects thatWesterncultureattachesgreat importancetothediscourse rightand personalwill.IV.CONCLUSIONThe purposeof thispaper isto enablereaders toclearly understand the culturaldifferencesbetween Chineseand AmericanTV interview programs.Due tothe differentsocialbackgrounds ofChina and the UnitedStates,the differencesin culturalvalues andways ofthinking,The Readerand EllenShow aredifferent inthe styleof hosting,topicselection,program structure,program scenesetting,narrative strategyand interactive mode.While discoveringthe characteristicsand differencesof Chineseand AmericanTVprograms,we mustmake reasonableuse of the successfulexperience of American excellentprogramsand strivetocreatebetter talkshows.First,the producerof the program shouldunderstand the audiencesexpectations for the content.In thestage oftopic selection,wemust diversifythe topicsand satisfythe audiencesneeds witheconomic,political,cultural,and life-oriented information.Secondly,we mustabandon thepractice ofmaking programsandboldly improvethe programs,so thatthe elementsof authenticity,conflict,confrontation andother elementscan appearin Chineseprograms.Finally,the creativityinthe hosfspersonality,the choice of topics,and theaccurate positioningof the program stylearealso whatwe shouldtake intoaccount.Under thepremise ofensuring quality,to lettheaudience feelthe uniquenessof the programis an importantstrategy for the long-termdevelopment of the program.Chinas TV talkshowsstill havegreat potentialsandalong wayto go,and theywillbecome one of theimportant formsofChineseTV programs inthefuture.Chinese programdirectorsneed to learn fromthe UnitedStates someexcellent programmingelements toimprovethe programsobservability andpersonality,so thatour nativeprograms canhaveuniversal viewerswhile winningtheChineseaudience.REFERENCES
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2003.EllenShow issuitable forpeople ofall ages.The styleis warm,relaxed andlively,and isverypopular amongaudiences ofall ages.Chinas TV talkshowisina criticalperiod withboth challengesand opportunities.TheReader isa largescale culturaland emotionalprogram launchedby CCTVin
2017.Thefamous hostessof The Reader Dong Qing hasbecome theproducer forthe firsttime.Theprogram presentedthe guestsemotional storiesintheform ofinterview and readings”.After the program wasbroadcast,it quicklyattracted theattention ofall walksof life.TheReader as a phenomenalTVprogramimmediately causeda bigresponse.The Readercan besaidto injectpositive culturalpower intothe currentChineseTVprograms,and hasopenedup apath ofindependent innovation.Therefore,this articlewill firstanalyzethe program differencesbetweenTheReaderand EllenShow fromthe hoststyle,topic,structure and scene settingsoftheTVtalkshow.This paperattempts tobring usnew thinkingfromanew perspectiveand analyzethecultural differencesbetween thetwo countriesthrough thecomparison ofthetwoprograms.Through thenarrative analysisofthe programs,this articleclearly seesthe specificdifferences.Then theroot ofthe differencesis analyzedfromtheperspective ofsocialculture.To acertain extent,thisisthe goalofthestudy.IL CULTURALDIFFERENCESBETWEENELLENSHOW ANDTHE READERAsTVtalkshows,EllenShowand TheReader havefeatures andadvantages thatarenot availableinthemedia,so theyareverypopular amongthe audience.However,there aremanyculturaldifferencesbetween thetwo interms ofprogram presentation,narrative mode,and interactionpatterns withthe audience.
2.1Differences inPresentationThe differencesinthepresentation of EllenShowandTheReaderarereflected inthefour aspectsof hostingstyle,topic,program structureandscenesetting.
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1.1Different HostingStylesA programcannot movethe audiencewithout thewit andhumor ofthehost.The hosts5wit isnotabrief preparationandreadingof books,but aprecipitation andbaptism oftime.They have rich experienceand knowledge,so thehighlights oftheprogramare alsopresentedthrough thehosfs ownunique hostingstyle.Therefore,a successfulprogram hasagreat dealto dowiththe personal charmofthehostandunique hostingstyle.American moderatorshave arich experience.American showhosts areusually notconfinedby theiridentity asa host.They areoften activeinavariety ofsocial activities,some ofwhom areeven well-known filmor televisionstars.In theUnitedStates,the talkshowisaspecial programthat teststhepersonalqualities ofthehostand his/her abilitytorespond on the spot.They allhaverichlife experiences.For example,Ellen usedto beawaitress ina restaurant,a humorousstage actress,a minorcharacter insmall dramas,andtoday9s famoushostess.She hassuffered alot inher life,and hertorturous lifeexperienceshave madeher awit andhumorist inthe processof hostingthe show.Therefore,Ellensrelaxed andhumorous styleof hostingis deeplyattractive tomany people.For example,inthe program,Ellen invitedthe famousHollywood actressScarlett Johnson.In orderto createahumorous conversationalatmosphere,Ellen toldJohnson“It wasa veryordinary day,precisely becauseeverything wasdifferent whenI arrived,and thegood beganwith me.Scarlett Johnsonand the audience couldnthelp laughingat hearingthis.Thus,itisthe hostEllensrelaxed andhumorous languageand approachableway ofgetting alongthat enablehertohavemaintained alarge numberof audienceand fansfor along time,long enoughtokeep theprogram goingforward.By contrast,Chinese hostspay muchattention totheir culturalquality andself-cultivation.Dong Qingisavery outstandingmember ofthe contemporaryhost teambecauseof herunique intellectual,elegant andprofound culturalbackground.Elegant,dignified andfull ofpoetic charmis Dong Qings hostingstyle inthe processof hostingTheReader.Dignity andelegance arefirst embodiedin DongQings combinationofherowncultural accomplishmentandprogramconnotation inher hosting.Intellectuality andpoeticcharm areher mostunique hostingstyle.This styleis alsoreflected inDongQingshostingactivities ofother large-scale parties.Therefore,with herprofound culturalheritage,DongQing isnot onlyremembered asthe spokespersonoftheSpring FestivalEve,but forherpoetic temperamentand talentedside.
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1.2Different TopicsoftheProgramsThe hostisthesoul oftheprogram,and the topic isthebasisforthehost todisplay apersonalcharacteristic.The topicisthemain lineoftheprogram,andtheright topicselectionisthekey tothe successoftheprogram.Americantalkshows havea widerange oftopics.For example,the struggleof theDemocraticRepublican Party,the policeviolence againstblack youth,the PresidentialElection,and somerelatively relaxingtopics aboutordinary people.The guestsinvited byEllenShow canbe disadvantagedgroups atthe bottomofthesociety orordinarypeoplewhohave touchingstories,as wellas familieswhohavesuffered misfortunes.For example,Amanda,the bestteacher whodonated akidney toherfather,received$50,000for herselflessdedication andhelp tostudents overthe years.But eachissueof TheReaderhasatheme,from“Encounter”,Companion”,“Choiceto Giftand FirstTime”.Each guesfsreading isbased onthetopic.The themeis acombinationof personalgrowth,emotional experience,background storiesandhanded-down masterpieces.The readersofTheReader mostlychoose heatedtopics fromsomeentertainment circlesand storiesof celebrities.For example,theinterviewof thefamousactor HuGe focusedontheimpact ofhis car accident12years ago.Dong Qingasked,“Are youstill willingto recallthe incidentthat happenedin2006”Here wecan seethattheprogramhas strongpersonal characteristics.
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1.3Different ProgramStructuresEllen Showhasaclear programflow,usually startedinafew minuteswith Ellensopening,andawarming upwith everyonedancing.Before theguesfs interview,the hostusuallyshows theaudience thepictures sentby theaudience.Next,Ellen willconduct aliveinterview withthe guestsand theninvite themusic starsto singonthestage.Take the49thissue ofEllenShowas anexample.The hostplayed andinteracted withtheaudience,dancing,introducing thefour guestsof TwilightCity:Breaking Dawn.Next,the gueststalkedabouttheirlives andfeelings afterthey becamefamous.The lastcame the guests9talent show.This clearprogram structuremakes theprogram verycompact,fast-paced,andattractive totheaudience.While TheReader takestheguestasthecenter,and ismainly basedon tellingstories.In theinterview,theprograminvolves allaspects fromchildhood,college,work tomarriage.Sometimes,theprogramonly involvesone part.The programis usuallyheld byDongQing,and naturallymoves tothe nextstage oftheprogramwith questionsor shortfilms.Forexample,theinterviewoftheactor HuGe coversHu Gescar accident12years ago,theinjury tohis appearance,the renewedcareer,and hiscurrent stateof life.The excessivetransitionfrom hiscareer tocaraccidentwas completedthrough DongQings threequestions.Are youstill willingto recallthe incidentthat happenedin2006”How longhadthis confusionand painstayed withyou”“Everyone hasthe opportunityto tellothers astoryabout themselves.If itwere you,what kindof storywould youtell”
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1.4Different SceneSetting ofthe ProgramsAlthougheach ofthe showsoffers twosofas,the distance between the guestsandthehost is different.The EllenShow studiois designedasawarm livingroom withred sofasandpotted flowers.But thedistancebetweentheguestsandthehost arealways veryshort,andeven theirfeet cantouch eachother.The twosofas inTheReaderare oppositeto eachother.There isa coffeetable inthe middle.The guestandthehost takeone sofarespectively.Inother words,theyare far apart.There isalso astage surroundedby theaudience,but thedistancebetweentheguestandtheaudienceis different.In the first rowofEllenShow,theaudience andthehostonthestage areonalevel surface.At thescene ofTheReader,theaudience andtheguestarefaraway fromeachother,andtheaudienceinthefirstrow aresittingbelow thestage level.The stageis elevated,so theeyes oftheguestandtheaudienceare ondifferent levels.
2.2Difference inNarrationThe Readerand EllenShow arealso differentinthechoiceofnarrative styleof theconversation.TheReaderfocuses onstorytelling,while EllenShowisbasedontalkingabout topics.The story-based interviewprogram takestheguestastheprotagonist ofthestory.But hetopic-based programisdifferent.In thelatter,the storyonly servesasastart.The contenttobediscussed throughthe storyistheessence ofthetopic.
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2.1Storytelling inThe ReaderTherearealotofskills instorytelling,andTheReader isquite successful.First ofall,theguestsmust havea story.The guestsinterviewed areusually peoplewith rough,legendary,or uniqueexperiences,andtheaudience gettolearnabout themthrough theirstories.。
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