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Unit1Science andScientistsUsing Language阅读文本解构Task1框架宏观建构整体理解Skim thepassage andfill in the blanks.The1,Father of Chinas AerospaceQian Xuesen-a man with44great scientificthoughtand scientificspirit”His aviationidealIn theUnited Statesfbr furtherstudy Returnto his homeland andtake on the
2.challengeAchieve extraordinaryresultsHis interestHedied in2009A Worldof PureThoughtStephen Hawking―one of the most famous and
3.gifted scientists in physics]一Hawkings ownwork on the big bang theorywasproven by astronomersHis excellentqualities as a
4.geniusTask2文本微观剖析细节探究Choose thebest answer.
①[2022全国甲卷]He pouredwater from a bottleinto hishand andoffered itto mydogs.•［完成句子］
②The onlything wecould dowas tostand besidethe windowstaring at the rainpourindown.我们唯一能做的就是站在窗边看着大雨倾盆而下
③This morning,I wasout forshopping whenI foundheavy smokepourisg outof abuilding.今天早晨,我正外出购物，突然我发现浓烟正从一座建筑物中涌出
2.defend以保卫防守;辩解;防御;保护教材原句P7He realisedthat Chinaneeded its own powerfulair forceto protectand defendthe country.他钱学森意识到中国需要建设强大的空军来保卫国家1defend oneself自卫;为自己辩护【词块必记】defend against抵御defend sb.from/against保护某人免受2defence〃,防御;保卫;辩护;辩方in defenceof保卫……［完成句子］
①“Small doesnot meanweak,sir,she defendedherself.“小并不意味着弱，先生「她自我辩护道
②The GreatWall wasoriginally builtin theWestern Zhouperiod todefend against the attackof theenemies.长城最初建于西周时期，用来防御敌人的进攻
③读后续写之动作描写Seeing thefierce snake,he rushedin defenceof his son likean arrow.看到这条凶猛的蛇，他像箭一样冲过去保护儿子
3.assistant〃助理;助手;售货员•教材原句P7As agraduate assistantat theCalifornia Institute of Technology during the1930s,Qianhelped conduct important researchinto rocketpropulsion.二十世纪三十年代担任加州理工学院的研究生助理时，钱学森协助开展火箭推进方面的重要研究工作【词块必记】lassistance九援助;帮助come toones assistance帮助某人with onesassistance/with theassistance of...在……的帮助下2assist vt.帮助;协助;援助、assist sb.in doingsth.＞帮助某人做某事assist sb.to dosth.assist sb.in/with sth.,［语法填空］
①［2022全国乙卷］That can be dangerouswork thatcould beavoided withdrones assistingassist the•crews efforts.［完成句子］
②应用文之感谢信It isyour assistancethat has a greatimpact onme.是你的帮助对我影响很大
③Many civiliansjoined toassistthearmy indefending theirhometown againstinvasion.【词汇复现】很多平民加入进来帮助军队保护家乡免受侵国口
①（读后续写之主题升华）Each personis specialand（is）sifted withunique talents.每个人都是特别的，天生具备独特的才能
②I knowyou arefond ofTang andSong poetryand youhave aqift for/are gifted in music.我知道你喜欢唐诗和宋词，并且有音乐方面的天赋
③They aregeniuses,giftedina waywhich isbeyond ourability tounderstand,let aloneattain.他们都是天才，其天赋超出了我们的理解能力，更不用说达到了
5.steady a酝稳定的;平稳的;稳步的（教材原句P8）Once themaths wascorrected,it showedthat the big bang theory-and notthe steadystatetheory—was true.错误纠正之后显示大爆炸理论而非稳恒态理论是正确的【词块必记】
（1）hold/remain steady保持平稳a steadyrelationship稳定的关系稳定地⑵steadily［完成句子］©China haswitnessed asteady increasein thenational box-office earningsin the past fewyears.中国在过去几年里见证了全国票房收入的稳定增长©Sincerity isthe foundationof friendship,on whichtrust islikely todevelop slowlybut steadily.真诚是友谊的基础，在此基础上，信任才可能缓慢而又稳步地建立
③［《老人与海》］But in the darknow and no glowshowing andno lightsand onlythe windand the steadypull of the sailhe feltthat perhapshe was already dead.但是，在眼下的黑暗里，看不见天际的光,也看不见灯火，只有风和那稳定地拉拽着的帆,他觉得说不定自己已经死了
6.fault〃.弱点;过错（教材原句P9）Above all,Hawking waswilling to admit hisfaults.最重要的是，霍金敢于承认错误be onesfault是某人的过错【词块必记】be at fault有过错;有责任find fault with挑剔，挑……的毛病［语法填空］
①［2022全国乙卷］By usingthe latesttechnologies,drones couldalso startproviding higher-value•services forrailways,detecting faultsfaultin therail orswitches,before theycan cause any safetyproblems.［完成句子］
②If youalways try to findfaultwithothers,it meansthat youhave gainedanother shortcoming.假如你总是试图挑别人的毛病,这就意味着你自己因此而多了一个缺点
③读后续写之动作描写“The dogsare notatfault.”Farlen kneltbetween amastiff andhis preciousreddog,a handon each.“不是这些狗的错”法兰跪在一只赘犬和他心爱的红狗之间，手放在它们身上
7.shift.改变;转换轮班让诃.转移挪动;转向（教材原句P9）Qian changedhis majorbecause ofa shiftin personalinterest.钱学森因为个人兴趣的转变而换了专业lshift…to…使……转移/移动到shift away把……移走/搬走2day/night shift日/夜班【词块必记】［完成句子］
①The governmentshould shiftthe attention to sustainable tourism ratherthan merelyattracting moretourists.政府应该把注意力转移到可持续性旅游业上,而不是仅仅关注吸引更多的游客
②It was4a.m.on Mondaywhen mycolleague andI finishedthe nightshift.当我的同事和我上完夜班的时候是周一凌晨4点
③［《基督山伯爵》］The captainsattention hadnow shiftedcompletely awayfrom thealarm gun.“All right,show mewhat kindof sailoryou are.”现在,船长的注意力已经完全被吸引了过来，根本无暇顾及信号枪的事“好吧，让我看看你是个怎样的水手”
8.break out（战争、打斗等不愉快的事情）突然开始;爆发（教材原句P7）However,after theSonghu Battlebroke out in1932,Qian madethe decisionto switchhismajor toaviation.不过』932年淞沪会战爆发后,钱学森决定改学航空专业【词块必记】break off突然停止;中断break up解散;破碎;结束break through突破;冲破break awayfrom脱离;挣脱break in闯入才再话break down出故障;失败;身体垮掉;分解;（健康、精神）崩溃break into闯入;破门而入;突然做［名师点津］如此“发生”break out,take place,happen,occur,come about都有“发生”之意都不能用于进行时态也不能用于被动语态［完成句子］©Because he was beingso kindand concerned,I brokedown andcried.因为他如此体贴关心，我崩溃了，哭了起来
②Fighting broke outinthree districtsof thecity lastnight.昨夜这座城市有三个区发生了战斗
③（读后续写之神态描写）When myeyes reacheda cornerof theroom nearthe fireplace,he rubbedhishands togetherand brokeinto ahappy laugh.当我的视线落到靠近壁炉的房间一角时，他双手搓着，开心地笑了
①［2022新高考n卷］I amLi Huain chargeof theEnglish programTalk andTalk^at ourschool•broadcasting station.Tm writingto inviteyou toattend ourprogram.我是负责我校广播电台英语节目“谈话”的李华我写信是邀请你参加我们的节目21hope Icanbe in chargeof the organization task in yourclub.=I hopetheorganizationtaskinyourclub canbein thechargeof me.我希望我能够负责贵俱乐部的组织工作
③Then she said,“You maysend himevery Saturdaymorning,if youwill popthe comfbr himyourselves.John,will youagree totake chargeof thework”随后,她说:“如果你们自己给他爆玉米花，你们可以每周六早上给他送去约翰，你愿意负责这项工作吗”lO.come down with患病;染上小病教材原句P8Since hecame downwith a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of hismuscles,his worldbecame oneof abstractthought.他因患病致使其大部分肌肉萎缩无力他的世界变成了一个抽象思维的世界come across（偶然）遇见;碰见;被理解come about发生（无被动形式）come on加油;到来彳导了吧come out出版包吉果是;（花）开放when itcomes to...当谈及come up走近;上来;被提及come up with提出;想出（主意、计划、回答等）【词块必记】［完成句子］
①[2021全国乙卷]But Irecently cameacross astudy thatshows whyhis approachworks.•但是，我近来偶然发现一项研究，这个研究展示了他的方法有效的原因
②Knowing thatyou arenot accustomedto thelife in China,I comeupwithsome advice.得知你不习惯在中国的生活，我提出一些建议ll.above all最重要的是;尤其是教材原句P9Above all,Hawking waswilling toadmit hisfaults.最重要的是，霍金敢于承认错误first ofall“第一首先1强调排列顺序after all毕竟包冬究【词块必记】共计，总共in allnotat all一点也（不），完全（不）all inall总的来说［完成句子］
①［2023新高考I卷［First ofall,students mayfeel uncomfortableor lessmotivated ifpaired with•someone theydont getalong with.首先，如果和他们相处不好的人配对,学生可能会感到不舒服或不那么有动力
②［2022新局考II卷］We puthealthy70-year-olds througha yearlongexercise trainingprogram,and•nothing happenedto themat alL我们让健康的70岁的人进行了为期一年的锻炼训练计划，但什么也没发生3All inall,pay moreattentiontoyour individuality,your valueto othersand yourachievements,and youwillbegin to love yourself.总而言之，多关注自己的个性，注重对他人的价值和你的成就，你就会开始爱自己
④「2021全国乙卷lAfter all,coworking spacesalso typicallyuseanopen officelayout.•毕竟，共享办公空间通常也使用开放式办公室布局
12.教材原句P8We Chineseare ableto make the same things that other people make.别人能造出来的，我们中国人同样能造得出来［句式解构］the same后有时用that引导定语从句，表示“同一个,就是那一个工［名师点津］the same…as…表示“与……一样……”，即同类异物the same…that…表示“同一个”［完成句子］©Those scientistsvery oftensee the same things that other scientists see,but theypay moreattention tothem.那些科学家经常看到和其他科学家看到的一样的东西，但他们更加关注它们©Therefore,what countsis tohave thesame determinationas theboy did.因此，重要的是拥有这个男孩那样的决
13.（教材原句P8）However,what mighthave made him suchan outstandingand creativescientistwas probablyhis stronginterest inother things,such asmusic anddrawing.然而，他之所以能成为一名如此杰出、富有创造力的科学家，可能是因为他对音乐、绘画等其他事物的浓厚兴趣［句式解构］本句是一个主从复合句what引导的是主语从句，其中含有make+宾语+宾语补足语结构［名师点津］“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构（l）“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中，宾语补足语可以是名词、形容词、不带to的不定式或过去分词
（2）如果宾语本身比较复杂，可用“make it（形式宾语）+名词/形容词+to do/that从句（真正的宾语）”结构⑶make sb.do的被动形式为sb.be madeto doo［完成句子］
①［2023浙江1月高考1What Hammondis referringtois thequestion ofmeaning,and meaningis•central towhat distinguishesthe leastintelligent ofhumans from the mostintelligent ofmachines.哈蒙德指的是意义的问题,而意义是区分最不聪明的人类和最聪明的机器的关键
②［2021新局考I卷］Being emotionallyintelligent doesnot necessarilymake onea moralperson.•情商高并不一定就会使一个人成为道德高尚的人
③He raisedhis voicein orderto makehimself imderstnod.
2.Why didQian Xuesencome back to ChinaA.He wantedto servehis country.B.He metwith difficultiesin America.C.He wasa heroin China.D.He missedhis family.
3.What inspiredQian Xuesensscientific researchA.Reading widely.B.Shenzhou rocket.C.Interest inscience.D.Deep appreciation for art.
4.What provedHawkings work onthebig bangtheoryA.Communicating withFred Hoyle.B.Observing thestars.C.Telescopes usedby astronomers.D.Two maintheories.
5.What helpedHawking in his fight againstthediseaseA.Cleverness.B.Dreams.C.Determination.D.Physics.答案:1〜
5.BADCCTask3语篇总结归纳主题深化The followingare twogreat scientists.Qian Xuesen,l.a Chinesewith great scientific thoughtandscientific spirit”,was patrioticand servedhis homelandwith effort,achievement and
2.devotiondevote.He realisedthat Chinaurgently needed itsownair force
3.to defenddefendthe country.So hereturnedto Chinain1955and wasput
4.inchargeofnot only
5.developingfdevelop Chinasrocketscience butalso itsspace andmissile programme.Under Qiansleadership,China achieved a lotin bothaspects.
6.What madeStephen Hawkingfrom the USA
7.distiniuisheddistinHuish wasthat he was thechampion of thebigbangtheory,which holdsthat the universe
8.began beginata single pointin timeandspace.Not onlywas hebrilliant
2.话题句式⑴介绍人物的成就或取得的成绩©During hercareer life,she obtained132championships,including4Olympic championships.在她的职业生涯中，她获得了132个冠军，包括四个奥林匹克冠军
②When hewas stilla boy,he showedgreat interest in literature.当他还是个孩子的时候,他就对文学表现出了极大的兴趣
③He/She isgood atspoken Englishand evenbetter atusing computers.他/她擅长英语口语甚至更擅长使用电脑
④Her storytells usthat weshould valuewhat wehave,and tryour bestto overcomeany difficultyinlife.她的故事告诉我们:我们应该珍视我们所拥有的，努力克服生活中的任何困难⑵介绍人物的影响及人们对此人的评价
①He becamefamous for his newtheory.他因他的新理论而出名
②The peoplehad cometolovehim asan inspiringleader.人们把他作为一位激励人的领导而爱戴他
③We regardhim asour model.我们把他视为我们的榜样
④Lei Fengwas praisedforhiscommunist spirit.雷锋因为他的共产主义精神而受到表扬实践应用请根据以下内容写一篇文章介绍中国科学家潘建伟
1.1970年3月出生,浙江东阳人1999年获奥地利维也纳大学实验物理博士学位
2.潘建伟教授主要从事量子通信方面的研究他是该领域有重要国际影响力的科学家，并且取得了一系列有重要意义的研究成果他获得了“改革先锋”等称号
3.他对世界保持着孩童般的好奇，一心做研究，保持与名利的距离他在世界的最前沿，和宇宙对话，做前无古人的事业参考词汇:量子通信quantum communication包隹也纳Vienna注意:写作词数应为80个左右谋篇布局明确体裁、话题一人物传记；介绍中国科学家确定时.、人雨-一般现在时为主；第三人称J首段介绍潘建伟的个人简历布局.章架构卜中段:介绍潘建伟的事迹和成就尾段对潘建伟的评价「简历列出核心要点卜成就［评价遣词造句完成句子
1.潘建伟于1970年3月出生于浙江东阳Pan Jianweiwas bornin Dongyang,Zhejiang Provincein March
1970.
2.1999年他获得奥地利维也纳大学博士学位In1999,he receivedhis doctorsdecree from the University of Vienna,Austria.
3.潘建伟教授主要从事量子通信方面的研究Professor Pan Jianwei ismainly enqaredintheresearch ofquantum communication.
4.他是该领域有重要国际影响力的科学家He isan internationanyinfluential scientistin this field.
5.他取得了一系列有重要意义的研究成果He has achieveda series of significant researchresults.
6.他获得了“改革先锋”等称号He receivedsuch titlesas Pioneerof Reform”.
7.他对世界保持着孩童般的好奇，一心做研究，保持与名利的距离He keepschildlike curiosityabout the world,devotes himselfto research,and keepshis distancefromfame andfortune.
8.他在世界的最前沿，和宇宙对话，做前无古人的事业He isat theforefront of the world,talks to the universe,and doesthings that no one has done before.句式升级
9.用who引导定语从句合并句4和句5OHe isan internationaHyinfluential scientistin thisfield whohas achieveda series of significantresearchresults.
10.用现在分词改写句8OHe isattheforefront of the worldqtalkinito theuniverse anddoin thingsthatnoonehasdonebefore.完美成篇PanJianweiwas bornin Dongyang,Zhejiang Provincein March197O.In1999,he receivedhisdoctors degreefromtheUniversityofVienna,Austria.Professor PanJianwei ismainly engagedintheresearch ofquantum communicationand heis aninternationallyinfluential scientistin thisfield whohasachievedaseriesofsignificantresearchresults.He receivedsuch titlesas Pioneerof Reform”.He keepschildlike curiosityabout theworld,devotes himselfto research,and keepshis distancefromfame andfortune.He isattheforefrontof theworld,talking totheuniverseand doingthingsthatno onehasdonebefore.名著与读后续写The Story of MyLife excerptItis withthat Ibegin towrite thehistory of my life.I have,as itwere,asuperstitious hesitationin liftingthe veilthat clingsabout mychildhood likea goldenmist.The taskofwriting anautobiography isa difficultone.When Itry toclassify myearliest impressions,I findthat factandfancy lookalike acrossthe yearsthat linkthepastwith thepresent.The womanpaints thechildsexperiences in her ownfantasy.A fewimpressions standout vividlyfromthe first yearsofmylife;butthe shadowsof theprison-house areontherest.Besides,many of the joysand sorrowsof childhoodhavelost theirpoignancy;and manyincidents ofvital importancein myearly educationhave beenforgottenintheexcitement ofgreat discoveries.In order,therefore,not to be MiwsI shalltrytopresent inaseriesofsketches onlythe episodesthat seemto metobethemostinteresting andimportant.I was born onJune27,1880,in Tuscumbia,a littletown ofnorthern Alabama.The familyon myfathers sideis descendedfrom Caspar Keller,a nativeof Switzerland,whosettled inMaryland.One ofmy Swissancestors wasthe firstteacher ofthe deafin Zurichand wroteabook onthe subjectof theireducation-rather asingular coincidence;though itis truethat thereisnokingwho has not had a slaveamong hisancestors,andnoslave whohasnothadaking amonghis.My grandfather,CasparKeller9sson,“entered“large tractsof land in Alabamaand finallysettledthere.I havebeen toldthat oncea yearhe wentfrom Tuscumbiato Philadelphiaon horsebackto purchasesuppliesfor theplantation,and myaunt hasinherpossession manyoftheletters tohis family,which givecharmingand vividaccounts ofthese trips.My grandmotherKeller wasa daughterof oneof Lafayettesaides,Alexander Moore,andgranddaughter ofAlexander Spotswood,an earlyColonial Governorof Virginia.She wasalso secondcousinto RobertE.Lee.My father,Arthur H.Keller,wasacaptain inthe ConfederateArmy,and mymother,Kate Adams,was hissecond wifeand manyyears younger.Her grandfather,Benjamin Adams,married SusannaE.Goodhue,and livedin Newbury,Massachusetts,for manyyears.Their son,Charles Adams,was borninNewburyport,Massachusetts,and moved to Helena,Arkansas.When theCivil Warbroke out,he foughtonthe sideoftheSouth andbecame abrigadier-general.He marriedLucy HelenEverett,who belongedtothesamefamily ofEveretts asEdward Everettand Dr.Edward EverettHale.After thewar wasover thefamilymovedtoMemphis,Tennessee.《我的生活》（节选）导语:《我的生活》是海伦・凯勒的处女作作品一发表，立即在美国引起了轰动，被称为“世界文学史上无与伦比的杰作:这本书由海伦凯勒的《我的生活》《走出黑暗》《老师》三本书以及发表在美国《大西洋月刊》•上的著名散文《假如给我三天光明》编译而成，完整系统地介绍了海伦凯勒丰富、生动、真实而伟大的一生，•许多文字还是第一次与中国读者见面词海拾贝
1.superstitious/.迷彳言的
2.cling乜附着九雾气
3.mist
4.poignancy儿辛酸;惨痛
5.tedious切・.单调乏味的;令人厌烦的
6.sketch几概述
7.descend“降临;来临续写积累在续写中,对人物情感的描写常常能使人物的形象显得生动鲜活人的情感可以分很多种,如喜悦、满意、失望、悲伤、憎恨、愤怒、惊讶、恐惧、赞赏等如文章中a kindof fear描写出了作者惴惴不安的心情常用来描述或渲染心理活动的词有:wear ashining smile带着灿烂的笑容jump forfun高兴得跳了起来take thegreat courage鼓起巨大的勇气a redflush creepingacross onesface脸上泛出红晕choking withanger andfear因愤怒和恐惧窒息be consumedby/with jealousy被嫉妒所折磨shiver withcold冷得发抖［情境应用］
1.我立刻想象他走进门，面带灿烂的笑容I immediatelyimagine himwalking throughthe door,wearing ashining smile.2他们朝着塞纳河走去，充满绝望，冷得发抖They wenttoward theSeine indespair,shivering withcold.译文《我的生活》（节选）我是怀着惴惴不安的心情书写我的人生历史的在我整个的童年时代，生活犹如笼罩在我身边的一团金色雾霭冥冥之中，我是迷信而迟疑地揭开生活的面纱的写自传并非易事每当我试图分辨孩童时期记忆的时候，我就会发现彳主昔的时光美好而真实，它如同一条纽带，同此时此刻的我紧紧相连女人们通常会以富于想象力的方式来描述自己的童年经历虽然，那些鲜活而生动的记忆来自我生命的最初时光，但是，“牢房一般的阴暗将伴随着我的余生”此外,童年时代的欢乐和悲伤大都成为前尘往事，它们已然失去了当时的锋芒;在我接受早期教育过程中的那些重大事件，已经随着更加激动人心的伟大发现而被淡忘因此,从这个意义上来说,将我生命中那些至关重要的章节做一个全盘性的勾勒，于我倒并不是一件枯燥乏味的工作我于1880年6月27日出生在亚拉巴马州北部的一个叫作图斯康比亚的小镇我父亲家的先人是来自瑞士的卡斯帕・凯勒家族，他们最初定居在马里兰州在我的瑞士祖先中,有一个人曾是苏黎世聋哑学校的首位教师，他曾写过一本有关教学生涯的书—这似乎具有某种一脉相承的偶然性;尽管在他的祖先中没有王者，也不曾豢养过一个奴隶，而且，在早期先民之中，也没有奴隶曾隶属于一位王者我的祖父卡斯帕凯勒家族之子,“进入”了亚拉巴马州这片广袤的土地并最终在那里定居我后来得知，•曾经有那么一年，祖父骑马从图斯康比亚前往费城，为的是给种植园添置一些耕作用具在我姑妈寄来的许多家信中，曾对祖父的这些旅行有过生动而清晰的描述我的祖母凯勒是拉斐特一个侍从武官的女儿,那名军官叫亚历山大・穆尔;祖母也是亚历山大斯鲍茨伍德•的孙女，这位斯鲍茨伍德先生曾是弗吉尼亚州最早的殖民总督此外，祖母也是罗伯特・E.李将军的二表妹我的父亲，亚瑟H・凯勒是联邦军队中的一个上尉，而我的母亲凯特・亚当斯是他的第二个妻子,两人年龄相差悬殊母亲的祖父是本杰明・亚当斯,他娶了苏姗娜E古德休为妻，他们在马萨诸塞州的纽伯里住了很多年他们的儿子查尔斯・亚当斯就出生在马萨诸塞州的纽伯里波特,后来他搬到了阿肯色州的海伦娜当时正值南北战争爆发，他代表南方军参战，后来官至准将军衔他娶了露西海伦埃弗里特为妻,露西同爱德华埃弗•••里特和爱德华・埃弗里特黑尔博士同宗同门战争结束后,夫妻俩搬到了田纳西州的孟菲斯•and Stephen Hawking areoutstanding scientists.教材课文解读THE FATHEROF CHINASAEROSPACE
①②.••Perhaps nootherscientisthas hada greaterimpact onChinas aerospacescience thanQianXuesen.❶Described bythe authorsoftheStoryofQianXuesenasamanwith^greatscientificthoughtand scientificspirit whowas patriotic3and servedhis homelandwith effortachievement3and^YQtioikmaiiJ^as^iLsxtreniglYJ^elLissBeslgd^inan.ZKZK/X/S/\ZXZ\ZKZ\ZX/\/\Z\Z\ZXZ\Z\/\Z\Z\/\Z\Z\/\Z\Z\/»C/\Z\/\^^^Z\Z\Z\ZXZ\Z\Z\Z\Z\Zw*\Z\Z\1Z\Z\Z\/\Z\ZX\Z\Zw*\ZXZ\/\Z\ZSZK/\^\/SZ\Zw*KZ\Z\Z\/\Z^^^KZSZ\ZXZSZ\ZSZ\ZX1/SZXZ\ZXZ\Z\Z\ZSZXZ^**\1Z««1^*1Z\ZXZSZ\Z\ZXZ\Z\Z\/\1/\ZSZXZXZ\/»/\Z\Z\Z\1©Described by...为过去分词短语在句中作状语，该短语中含有一个who引导的定语从句Born inShanghai in1911,Qian attendedschools inBeijing andthen enteredShanghai JiaoTongUniversity tostudy RailwayMechanicalEngineering.❷However,after theSonehu Battlebrokeout
⑦in1932,Qian madethe decisionto switch,his maiortoaviation^because herealised^W\y1VZlVZ*^1VZWZ1VZV/1»1VZVZ^/^1ZZWW»W*yW*^S^Z^ZlV^*»ZlVZZV^ZZVZV^^^^VZyVZ%Z»ZV^1ZV/^^ZWZ1*ZlVZWlS^^Vy1*1ZZ*1yls/■VZ^\1ZWZWWXZlVZV*ZWZZlWlWV/WS^Z^XZWZVZlV^yVZWVZlVX*yVZlWVZlSZXZWXZW^ZWXZVZVXZZ1^^^/»1OZZWy1^/ZZ1^/ZyW*y1ZlV/1yZ1slz1slzthat Chinaneededitsown powerfulairforceto protectand defendthe country.^ZKZ^Z^ZS^^ZV^^^/\^Z\Z^X\ZV^Z\ZK^Z\ZV^Z\ZS^Z\ZS^Z\y\^Z\ZSZZ\ZVZZ\Z%ZZl\ZSZ\Z\ZSZNZ\ZS^X\ZV®*%ZS^Z^Z\XXZ\^^ZX^^ZS^^Z\^^/K/S/^/\OZXZ\^^Z.^^ZSi^^ZS^^ZK^Z\ZV^^^^ZNZ\Z^ZNX^Z\ZZKZS^ZKZK/XZ\ZK^Z\Z^^Z\ZN^Z\^^Z\^^Z\ZN^ZV^^^^^^^^/^Z^^ZS^^Z\ZS^Z\ZS^^ZK^/\^Z\^VZ^^L❷是复合句句中after引导时间状语从句,because引导原因状语从句,that引导宾语从句Qian wenttotheUnited Statesin1935to pursuehis graduatestudies.Over thecourse of⑪the1930sand1940s,Qian becamea pioneerin Americanjet⑫and rockettechnology.As agraduate assistant®atthe CaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyduringthe1930s,Qian helpedconductimportantresearch intorocketpropulsion,andinthe1940s,he andseveral otherpeople foundedthe JetPropulsion Laboratory®,now oneof NASAsleading space-exploration centres.After overcomingsome difficultiesduring hisfinal fewyears intheUS,Qian returnedto Chinain
③patriotic〃靖.爱国的
④with effort努力地，费力地
⑤well-respected受尊敬的
⑥mechanical〃力机械的；发动机的；机器的mechanic〃.机械师；机械修理工
⑦break out（战争、打斗等不愉快的事情）突然开始；爆发
1964.In general,thereweretwo maintheories onthe originof theuniverse.❷The firstwasthc steadystate thcQiy,which holdsthat theuniverse hasjiQbeginning Qiend.❸The otherwas Ihebig上ang thcQry,which holdsthattha universebegan atasingleoointiiHimeDd/Dage.The biggestchampionofthe steadystate conceptwas FredHoyle,a professoratCambridge.During thequestion andanswer periodafter oneof Hoyleslectures,Hawking stoodup andpointedoutthat Hoylehad madea mistake1inhismaths.Once themaths wascorrected,it showedthatthe bigbangtheory-and notthesteadystate theory-was true.Hawkings ownworkonthebigbang theorywassoon provenbyastronomers®with telescopes®.A starwasborn.❷和❸两句中，逗号前是主句，逗号后均是Which引导的非限制性定语从句,which在从句中作主语，指代先行词theorySo,what madeStephenHawkinga geniusBesides®being brilliant®,hewasbrave,thoughsometimes carelessin whathesaidor did.❹He waswillins to⑮say what others were afraid to say,and todream of⑯whatotherswereafraidto dreamabout.Furthermore®,hewasquite determined.This hadhelped him asa scientist,and hadhelpedhimeven moreinhis fightagainst⑱his disease.Above all®,Hawkingwaswilling toadmithisfaults⑳.This oddcombination ofcharacteristics hadmadehimone ofthegreatest thinkersofthe20th and21st centuries.是复合句在and连接的两个并列不定式短语tosaywhat…和to dreamof what..中，两个what均引导宾语从句
①gifted Q力.有天赋的；有天才的;天资聪慧的•
③come downwith患（病）；染上（小病）©abstract a力.抽象的;理论上的•山（文献等的）摘要
⑤in general（=generally speaking）一般来说
⑥steady a力.稳定的；平稳的；稳步的•©hold（that）认为;相信
⑧concept〃.概念；观念
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