2023年冀教版小升初英语语法总复习

冀教版小升初英语语法总复习一.名词表达某一事物，有具体和抽象之分分为可数名词和不可数名词强调不可数名词都默认为单数，因此总是用is或者was；最佳不要依照some、any alot of等词去作判断，以免受误导

1、可数名词如何变“复数形式”a.普通状况下，直接加-s,如book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds；读音清辅音后读［s］,浊辅音和元音后读［z］b.以s.x.sh.ch结尾,力口一es,如bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches；读音［iz］oc.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es,如:family-families,strawberry-strawberries；读音［z］od.以f或fe结尾，变f或fe为v,再加-es,如knife-knives,thief-thieves；读音［z］oe.以o结尾词，分两种状况1）有生命+es读音［z］如mango-mangoestomato-tomatoes hero-heroes2）无生命+s读音［z］如photo-photosradio-radiosf.不规则名词复数man-men,woman-women,po1i ceman-polie emen,po1icewoman-policewomen,snowman-snowmen,mouse-mice,child-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,fish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese

2、不可数名词没有复数假如要计算不可数名词所表达数量，就得在数词和不可数名词之间加上“量词+of”例如a glassof water,a pieceof paper,a bottleof juice如He sasking YangLing howto getthere.她正在问杨玲如何到达那里综上所述，一定要记住to背面用动词原形

十一、动名词其实就是动词“当前分词”它既有“名词性质”（可作主语），又具有动词性质（可带宾语）如Please keepquiet in the readingroom.尚有咱们某些课题Asking theway中是“名词性质；My hobbyis collectingstamps.中是“动词性质”，带了宾语stamps.

1、remember（记住）背面跟动名词，表达“记得做过某事；跟to+动词原形，表达“记得要去做某事如I rememberposting theletter today.Pleaseremember topost theletter today.我记得今天把信寄走了请记住今天要把信寄走

2、forget（忘掉）背面跟动名词，表达“忘掉做过某事（实际做过）”；跟to+动词原形，表达“忘掉去做某事（实际没做）如I forgetdoing homeworkthismorning.I forgetto dohomework thismorning.我忘掉今天早上做过作业了我忘掉今天早上做作业了

3、stop（停止）背面跟动名词，表达“停止做某事；跟to+动词原形，表达“停止正在做事，而去做别事如:Stop smoking,please.We aretired.Lets stopto have a rest.请不要吸烟咱们累了，让咱们停下来休息一下

4、like（喜欢）背面跟动名词，表达一种人爱好和习惯，意思是“喜欢干某事“；跟to+动词原形，惯用于would like to dosomething,表达“某人想要、乐意干某事”如I liketaking awalk aftersupper everyday.I wouldlike to have somechips.我喜欢天天晚饭后去散步我想要吃些薯条

十二、时间和日期表达

1、有两种时间表达法A）直接读写数词如9:15nine fifteen10:30ten thirty11:45eleven forty-five7:05seveno five2:25two twenty-five5:55five fifty-five7B）借助past和to来表达past普通用于30分钟以内（含30分钟）时间表达；to普通用于超过30分钟时间表达一刻钟可以用a quarter表达，半小时可以用half表达如:9:15aquarter pastnine10:30half pastten11:45a quarterto twelve7:05fivepast seven2:25twenty-five pasttwo5:55five tosix注意:询问时间可用句型“What sthe time注或者uWhat timeis it”

2、日期表达the+序数词+of+月份如the thirdof June六月三日注意询问日期可用句型“What dateis ittoday”或者What sthe datetoday”

十三、名词所有格

1、有生命名词所有格A）单数后加“‘s，如SuHai stwin sister苏海双胞胎妹妹Jim sfamily吉姆——家the twinsparentsB）以“s”结尾复数名词，只需加“，如Teachers Day教师C）不以“s”结尾复数名词，则仍需加“s，如Children sDay小朋友节注意表达两人或几人共有物品，只需在最后一人名后加“S”，如Ben andJim sbook

2、无生命名词所有格，普通与of构成短语如:a photoof hisfamily她家一张照片the colourof herskirt她短裙颜色

十四、时态

1、普通当前时A、当谓语是be动词时，构成为主语+be动词am,is,are+其她如I ama student.B、当谓语是行为动词时，构成有两种1主语非第三人称单数+动词原形+其她如We oftenwatch TV at theweekends.2主语第三人称单数+动词第三人称单数形式+其她如Jim usuallygoesto thepark onSundays.C、句型变换必然句They watch TV at six everyday.She watchesTV at six everyday.否认句They dont watch TVatsix everyday.She doesn t watchTV atsixeveryday.普通疑问句及回答Do theywatchTVatsixeveryday.----Yes,they do./No,they dont.Does shewatchTVatsixeveryday.-------Yes,she does./No,shedoesn t.

2、当前进行时A、构成形式主语+be动词+动词ing形式+其她B、判断根据句中有now looklisten等词提醒

3、普通过去时A、构成形式主语+动词过去式+其她注意没有be动词否认句和疑问句中，didn t否认和用did提问后,用动词一定要用原形B、判断根据1be动词是was、were；2动词加ed；3有表达过去时间状语，当前学过惯用表达过去时间状语有now,moment,just ayesterday,week,night,last lastlast weekend,last year,last month,three daysago,two weeksago,five years ago***C、句型变换必然句I wasa teacher five yearsago.They playedmany gamesyesterday.否认句I wasnt a teacherfive yearsago.They didnt play many gamesyesterday.普通疑问句及回答------Were youa teacherfiveyearsago-Yes,I was./No,I wasnt.Did theyplaymanygames yesterdayYes,they did./No,they didnt.

4、普通将来时A、构成形式1主语+be going to+动词原形+其她2主语+will+动词原形+其她B判断根据一种句子中既有be动词，又有going、to和动词，且动词用是原形，句中往往有tomorrow soonnext week等词c、句型变换必然句She isgoing tohave a picnic tomorrow.否认句She isnt going tohave apicnic tomorrow.普通疑问句及回答Is shegoing tohaveapicnictomorrowYes,she is./No,she isnt.They aregoingto visit their grandparents next Sunday.They aren t goingtovisittheir grandparents nextSunday.--Are theygoingto visittheirgrandparentsnextSunday----------------------Yes,they are./No,they arent.注意----Where areyou going-----We regoingtoBeijing.问句中不要用到tOo

二、冠词冠词是一种虚词，不能独立使用，普通放在名词前面，分为“不定冠词”和“定冠词”两种

1、不定冠词a、an用在单数名词前，表达“一种，一件……”an用在o以元音“音素”开头单词前如an e-mail,an orange,an oldman,an Englishwatch,an hour*

2、定冠词the用在单数或者复数名词前the没有具体意思，有时翻译为这、那它基本用法1用来表达特指某些人或某些事物如The mapon thewall isnew.2表达说话者双方都懂得人或事物如Look at the picture,please.3表达再次提到前面谈过人或事物如This isa stamp.The stampisbeautiful.4用在表达世界上独一无二事物前如the sun太阳the moon月亮theearth地球5用在由普通名词构成专有名词前如the GreatWall长城6用在江河、湖海等专有名词前如the ChangjiangRiver长江7此外，序数词、形容词最高档、乐器名称等词前面和某些习惯用语中普通者B用定冠词the如the firstday,the bestboy,play thepiano,inthe sameclass拟定用a、an还是the时可依照汉语意思

三、数词咱们学过两类基数词和序数词基数用于表达数量多少，而基数词用于表达顺序，常在日期中浮现区别基数词前面没有“the”；序数词前一定要有“the”

1、超过二十以上两位数需要在个位和十位之间加上如21twenty-one

2、三位数以上则需要在百位数后再加上ando^0101a/one hundredandone

3、用基数词来修饰可数名词时，一定别忘了它复数形式如十八个男孩eighteen boys

4、用基数词修饰不可数名词时，如是复数，变它量词为复数如两碗米饭two bowlsof rice

5、序数词普通加“th”,特殊有first,second,third,fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth以及二十及二十以夕卜整十twentieth,thirtieth,fortieth*“第几十几”前面整十不变，背面“几”改为序数词如88eighty-eighth

四、代词代词有两种人称代词和物主代词

1、人称代词分为第

一、第

二、第三人称，且有单复数之分

2、人称代词主格在句中做主语，普通用在动词前（疑问句除外）；宾格在句中做宾语，多用于动词、介词后

3、形容词性物主代词起形容词作用，背面一定要跟名词，表达该名词是属于谁

4、名词性物主代词二形容词性物主代词+名词如This ismy bag.二Thisis mine.That isher ruler.二That ishers.普通看背面有无名词，如有，就用形容词性物主代词；如无，就用名词性物主代词

五、形容词、副词

2、形容词、副词比较级规则变化如下1普通直接+er如tall-taller,fast-faster单音节词假如以-e结尾，只加-r如late-later2重读闭音节词如末尾只有一种辅音字母，须双写这个字母，再加-可如big-bigger,fat-fatter3以辅音字母加-y结尾词，变y为i,再加-er如heavy-heavier,early-earlier4双音节和多音节词比较级应在原级前加more构成如beautiful-morebeautiful,careful-more careful,quietly-more quietly,interesting-moreinteresting5有些不规则变化，须逐个加以记忆如good/well-better,bad/ill-worse,many/much-more,far-farther/further,old-older/elder***

六、介词

1、一种虚词不能单独作句子成分，它只有跟它背面宾语一起构成介词短语，才干在句子中起作用有in,on,under,with,behind,about,near,before,after,for,to,up,down,from,in frontof,out of,from…to…，at thebackof•••

2、表达时间介词有at,on,ino1at表达“在某一种具体时间点上”，或用在固定词组中如at tenoclock,at9:30a.m.,at night,attheweekend•一2on表达“在某日或某日时间段”如on Friday,on thefirst ofOctober,on Mondaymorning***3in表达“在某一段时间月份、季节里“如in theafternoon,in September,in summer,in

3、in一词尚有其她固定搭配，如in blue（穿着蓝色衣服）English（用英语表达），in,take partin（参力口）

七、动词这里所说动词是指各种动词总称，其中涉及be动词、情态动词、助动词、行为动词（就是咱们平时总说那种动词）动词、名词和形容词不太容易区别，如不能一眼看出，可用如下办法先用“一（量词）”（如一种、一张等）和这个词连起来说，如说得通，普通认为是名词；说不通再用“很”去判断，就是把“很”和为个词连起来说，说得通普通就是形容词；都说不通就是动词（当前咱们学过，后来也许不同）（此外某些很明显，如人称代词、数词、情态动词等一下就可以懂得）

1、be动词（am,is,are,was,were）1）am一was,is-was,are-were口诀我用am,你用are,is用在她她它，所有复数全用areo2）必然和否认句I am（not）from London.He is（not）ateacher.Sheis（not）in thedining room.My hairis（not）long.Her eyesare（not）small.3）普通疑问句Am Ia ChineseYes,you are.No,you arent.Are theyAmericanYes,they are.No,they arent.Is thecat fatYes,it is.No,it isn,t.4）be动词否认形式am not（没有缩写形式），are not=arent,is not=isn,t用恰当be动词填空

2、助动词（do,does,did）do,does用于普通当前时，其过去式did用于普通过去时它们通惯用在疑问句和否认句中它们否认形式do not二dont,does not=doesnt,did not=didn to注意在普通当前时中，does用于第三人称单数，别的一律用助动词do；助动词do,does,did背面一定要用动词原形

3、情态动词情态动词也是一类特殊动词，平时咱们不把它说成是动词情态动词可以和行为动词同步出当前同一种句子中咱们当前学过情态动词有can、could、shall should、will wouldmaymight、musto注意情态动词后动词总是用原形（不受其她任何条件影响）其否认形式can not=can,t,must not=mustn,t,…注意may not和shall not（无缩写形式）

4、行为动词就是咱们平时上学时说动词，表达某一动作或行为如sweeplive等行为动词咱们已学过它们四种形式原形、第三人称单数+s/es、当前分词（也叫动名词）+ing、过去式+ed

（1）动词第三人称单数变化规则A、普通直接加“三，如play-plays,visit-visits,speak-speaks；B、以s，x，sh”,ch”结尾时，加“es”,如catch-catches,watch-watches；C、以“辅音字母+y”结尾时，变y为i再加es”,如carry-carries,study-studies o

（2）当前分词（动名词）构成规则A、普通直接加“ing”,如:go-going,do-doing,look-looking；B、以不发音“e结尾单词,去“e”加“ing，如:take-taking,make-making,have-having；C、以重读闭音节结尾词，如末尾只有一种辅音字母，需要双写这个字母再力口ing,如put-putting,stop-stopping,run-running,get-getting,swim-swimming,sit-sitting,begin-beginning,jog-jogging,forget-forgetting3过去式构成规则、普通直接加“ed，如plant-planted,visit-visited,pick-picked；AB、以不发音字母“e”结尾，直接加“以，如like-liked,hope-hoped,taste-tasted；C、以“辅音字母+y”结尾时，变“y”为“i”再加“ed，如try-tried,carry-carried,study-studied；D、有些动词要双写最后一种字母，再加ed，如stop-stopped；E、尚有诸多动词过去式是不规则，请记忆是-ambe-was-being；是-arebe-were-being；是-be-was,were-being；弯曲-bend-bent-bending；能-can-could----------；来-come-came-coming；成为-become-became-becoming；开始一begin—began-beginning；吹-b1ow-b1ew-blowing；捕获-catch-caught-catching；买-buy-bought-buying；选取-choose-chose-choosing；切-cut-cut-cutting；做一do,does-did-doing；画-draw-drew-drawing；饮-dr ink-drank-dr inking；吃-eat-ate-eating；感^-f eel-felt-fee ling；发现一find-found-finding；lew-flying；忘掉forget-forgot-forgetting；得至-get-got-getting；给-give-gave-giving；走-go-went-going；成长-grow-grew-growing；有一have,has-had-having；听-hear-heard-hearing；受伤-hurt-hurt-hurting；保持一keep-kept-keeping；懂得一know-knew-knowing；学习一learn-learned,learnt-learning；允许，it-let-let-letting；躺一lie—lay—lying；制造-make-made-making；可以-may-might；意味-mean-meant-meaning；会见-meet-met-meeting；必要-must-must；放置-put-put-putting；读-read-read-reading；骑、乘-ride-rode-riding；响、鸣-ring-rang-ringing；跑一run-ran-running；说-say-said-saying；看见-see-saw-seeing；》等-shall-should；唱歌-sing-sang-singing；坐下一sit-sat-sitting；睡觉-sleep-slept-sleeping；说-speak-spoke-speaking；度过-spend-spent-spending

八、there/here be构造K there be构造表达“某时、某地存在着什么事物或人，涉及there is thereare、there wasthere wereherebe构造与它类似，用法也完全相似，只但是o是表达“这里存在着什么事物或人”

2、和have、has had区别1There be句型表达在某地有某物或人；而have、has had表达某人拥有某物2在there be句型中，主语是单数，be动词用is；主语是复数，be动词用are；如有几件物品，be动词依照近来be动词那个名词决定一一“就近原则”3there be句型否认句在be动词后加not,普通疑问句把be动词调到句首4there be句型与have has区别there be表达在某地有某物或人；have has表达某人拥有某物5some和any在there be句型中运用some用于必然句，any用于否认句或疑问句

（6）and和or在there be句型中运用and用于必然句，or用于否认句或疑问句

（7）针对数量提问特殊疑问句基本构造是How many+名词复数+are there+介词短语？How much+不可数名词+isthere+介词短语？

（8）针对主语提问特殊疑问句基本构造是What s+介词短语？

（9）There be构造普通用在句子开头，而have等词只能用于某一种主语背面

九、some,any用法some用于必然句；any用于否认句和普通疑问句请注意看例句后扩号中阐明用法例There issome waterin theglass.（必然句）There aresome flowersinthegarden.（必然句）There arent anylamps inthe study.（否认句）Are thereany mapson thewall（普通疑问句）Would youlike someorange juice（但愿得到必然回答）Do youwant totake anyphotos atthe party（普通疑问句）

十、动词不定式

1、to加动词原形构成一种非谓语形式，在这里不是介词，无词义如I wantto makea NewYear card.Would youliketohaveapicnicwith us我想制作一张新年贺卡你乐意和咱们一起去野餐吗？

2、to保存本来动词某些特性，它可以带自己宾语和状语等如To getthere faster,you cantake busNo.

5.想快一点到那儿，你可以坐5路车

3、to前有时带疑问词what,when,where,which,why,how等。