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①Eg:By theend ofthis term,we willhave learnttwo Englishbooks.
7.The teachersare very enthusiastic andfriendly and the classroomsare amazing.表达“吃惊”的几个单词指由于出乎意料而感到惊异或诧异♦surprise Eg:His comingsurprised me.指“由于出乎意料而又不能理解而感到吃惊语意较强♦astonishEg:I was astonished tosee hegot upso early.指“由于认为似乎不也许或很少也许发生的事的出现而感到大为诧异、迷惑不解”,语意♦amaze较强Eg:I was amazed athis confidence.
9.The teacheris averyenthusiasticwoman calledMr.Shen.called MsShen
10.Were usinga newtextbook andMs Shensmethod ofteaching isnothing likethat of the7Pretty hotand wetin thesummer,but itcan bequite coldin winter.注意:两者都可以用作副词，意为“相称、很”，连系动词,后跟作表语，无被动语态8Sounds OKto me./That soundsgreat.Sound adj类似词尚有等look,smell,taste,feel,get,turn,become⑼我住的地方你其实是看不见游客You dontreally seetourists whereI live.此句是引导的地点状语从句，意为“在……地方，where
①②Eg:Where there is awill,thereisa way.Put thebook whereit was!有建立的意思10Theyve put up a lot ofhigh-rise buildingrecently.putup11Now wereleaving thebusiness districtand approachingthe harbour.用现在进行时表达将来，往往表达“意图”、“打算”、“安排”、常用于人有be+V-ing:此类用法的词尚有等come,go,start,arrive,leave,stay
①②Eg:I%2leaving tomorrow.Are youstaying heretill nextweek他们就是这样告诉我的12So theytell me.在倒装句中的不批准义So
①助动词怎么样，也怎么样so++B:A B
②助动词+让去做某事，按的规定去做了B+so:A BB A
③助动词:的确怎么样so+A+A［相关］+助动词不怎么样，也不怎么样either7nor+B:A B
④如前一句中谓语既有肯定，又有否认，应用或So it is/was withB It is/was thesame withBModule5A Lessonin aLab1When weuse metals,it isimportant toknow howthey reactwith differentsubstances,for example,water andoxygen.react vi.vt,1作出反映，反映后接介词to Eg:How didshe reactto thenews2影响，起作用后接介词on/upon Eg:The tworeact uponeach other.3抗拒，反抗后接againstChildren tendto reactagainst theirparents bygoing againsttheir wishes.4起反作用，反过来起作用常接介词on/upono Eg:Unkindness oftenreacts on the unkindperson.
⑤［化］起化学作用，［物］反映后接介词with/onEg:a.How doacids reacton metalsb.An acidcan reactwith abase toform asalt.⑵.弄清楚铁在干燥的空气中是否生锈To find out ifiron rustsin dryair指通过探听、询问、调查之后，才发现某事或事情的真相findout
①Eg:He has found outthe manwho stolethe watch.
②Will youtry tofindoutwhen the trains leave［辨析］有偶尔发现某物的意思♦findEg:On herway home,Tim founda walletlying on the ground.表达发现存在的但以前不为人知的事物，也可表达发现已为人知的事物的新的性质♦discover或用途，这种发现也许是故意的，也也许是无意的Eg:Madame Curiediscovered theelement ofradium.2Put thesewords in the correct order todescribe thestages ofa scientificexperiment.按对的的顺序排列按顺序put...in thecorrectorderin order
①Eg:The reactionof metalswith thesesubstances canbe putin order.
②Put everythingin the room in order.这次实验的目的是什么，周凯？4Now,whats theaim ofthis experiment,Zhou Kaiaim
②目的，目的常接介词n.TO Eg:It isnow ouraim toset upa factory.我们所需要的要大大超过那些一
5.No,we needrather morethan that-about twoand ahalf grams.一大约两克半是限度副词，修饰比较级例如rather more
①Eg:For theold,living in the countryis rathermore comfortablethan incity.
②This computeris rathermore expensivethan that one.注意与近义的不能修饰比较级可修饰比较级的词有X ratherquite,fairly,very,too等♦a bit,a little,rather,much,far,by far,many,alot,lots,a greatdeal,any,still,even还可以用表达倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语♦
①Eg:Tom isfar clevererthan anyother boysin the class.
②Sam istwice olderthan I.（）3Learning Greekis muchharder thanlearning English.
6.I neverused toenjoy science,but lastyear Ichanged schools,and thescience teachersat mynew schoolareexcellent.表达过去经常做某事，强调现在不再这样做其否认式是…,可缩写为used to do sth.used not口语中可用例如usednt/usent,didnt use...
①Eg:I used to livethere whenI wasa child.
②Used youto like opera/Did youlikeopera
③There usedtobea churchhere,usednt there被用来做某事木材可以用来造纸♦be usedto do sth.Eg:Wood canbe usedto makepaper.习贯于做某事♦be/get usedto doing sth.T Eg:He wasusedtosleeping withthe windows open.Module6The Internetand Telecommunications因特
1.The Internetis thebiggest sourceof informationin the world,and itsaccessible throughacomputer.网是世界上最大的信息资源，它可以通过电脑使用可进入的；可使用的常接介词accessible adjtoEg:Medicine shouldnot bekept whereit isaccessible tochildren..它包含无数的数据页
2.It consists of millionsof pagesof data犹（由某部分，要素）组成（）Consist of
①空气重耍由氮气组成Eg:Air consistschiefly ofnitrogen.
②该委员会由二十名成员组成The committeeconsistsoftwenty members.
3.It thenbecame possiblefor universitiesto usethe systemas well.起副词作用，其语气相称于或也,还，一般放在句末1as welltoo also
①Eg:I likeJohn andI likehis brotheras well.
②学校还得教计算机技能Schools willhave toteach computerskills aswell.是形式主语，代替2It+be/become+adj.+for sb/sth todo sth.It forsb/sth todo sthEg:It isimportant for the studentsto learnEnglish well.年，
4.He cameup withthe ideaof theWorld WideWeb in1989while he was workingin Switzerland.1989当他在瑞士工作时，他提出了创建万维网的想法想出”解“出现”、“被提出来Come up withHe cameupwiththe ideathat theyshould doit in another way.
5.With mein thestudio areAnn Baker,whos ateacher,Tom Grant,whos17and stillat school,and TomsmotherPat.本句是倒装句句子的表语提前时，为了使句子平行，我们经常将谓语动词放在主语的前面,因be此形成了倒装
①Eg:Also present at the meeting aresome teachersfrom thatfamous school.
②Gone arethe dayswhen theycould dowhat theyliked to.3Among thegoods areChristmas trees,flowers,candles andtoys.你乐意我把它包起来吗？
6.Would youlike meto wrapit up包起来，多穿衣服，穿得暖和，掩盖wrap up
①Eg:The assistantwrapped herclothes upfor heras quicklyas possible.2Youd betterwrap upwell beforeyou goout,itis very coldoutside.3He wrappedup hismeaning in a fancyspeech.
7.You cando thisby takingout“unimportant”letters in the wordsusually vowelsand usingnumbers.你可以去掉单词中“不重要”的字母通常是元音及用数字代替instead ofwords单词为介词，一般放在句首或句中，否认后面的宾语Instead ofof
①Eg:You cantake mewith youinstead ofMary,o
②Shall wehave fishinstead ofmeat today
8.Mobile phoneusers havedeveloped a series ofsymbols toshow howthey feel.移动电话用户已经发明了一系列用来表达他们感受的符号Series n的一系列，一连串，连续1……ofEg:©A carcomes intobeing throughaseriesof complexoperations.
②A seriesof strangethings happenedafter you left!.出版物连续刊物，丛书；连续广播节目，影集；货币，邮票等的一套，一组2一套鸟类邮票Eg:A seriesof birdstampsteachers atmy JuniorHigh school.表达“方法、办法”的几个单词1作可数名词，指系统的、逻辑的方法、办法后面常接动名词，不接不定式；作不♦method f+可数名词，指秩序，条理，规律
①Eg:He isa manof havingaccurate andstrict methods.
②We mustget somemethod intoour officefilling.为可数名词，后接不定式或动名词♦way of+
①Eg:We mustfind a way tosolve thiskind ofproblem.
②The normalway ofcarrying outsuch akind planis verydifficult.单复数形式相同，其前有等有时表单数意义，其前有♦means a,one,this,that,every such,these,those,all等有时表复数意义，其多指抽象或概括性的含义，后可接不定式，也可接动名词/名词of+Eg:oThere isno meansof findingout whathappened.2nothing like+n./pron.完全不像，一点也不像♦Eg:Shes nothinglike hermother.没有什么能赶得上♦Eg:Theres nothinglike aholiday tomake onefeel rested.
11.1dont thinkIwill be boredin MsShens class!表达意见和见解，其后的宾语从句中的否认词被移到主句中，该现象被称为“否认转移”Think not类似的动词尚有等expect,believe,suppose,imagine
①Eg:I doift supposethat shewill beback untilnight.
①Eg:The boxis justin my way tothe room.
②Dont standin theway whenI amcarrying outthe plan.在某种限度上，有点♦inaway Eg:You arecorrect inaway.意思是“顺便说一下”，“顺便问一句”，也可以表达“在途中”多位于句首♦by theway
①②Eg:By theway,where has he goneHe stoppedfor apicnic by theway.
②♦PH buysome breadon the/mywayhome.She isontheway tobecoming adoctor.
7.In otherwords,there arethree timesas manygirls asboys.（）意为“换言之,换句话说，也就是说”1in otherwords⑵是比较结构其基本形式是原级+从句二three timesas manygirls asboys“as+adj/adv as
9.Li Kangisveryimpressed withthe teachersandthetechnology inhis newschool.及物动词（）给予（人）印象Impress1Eg:Their mannersimpressed usfavorably.（）使（人、心等）铭记（事、物）（）2un,uponoEg:That accidentimpressed onme thenecessity oftraffic regulations.（）感动（人），打动（人心）（）3with,by o他的冒险精神使全球的人深受感动°Eg:He impressedtheworldwith hisadventure.形式，不可以用不定式
10.Would youmind answeringthe questionsfor me-----------mind+ing
11.At theend oftwelfth grade,American studentsreceive thehigh schooldiploma.一般不单独使用，后常接短语，意为“在……结束的时候”，表达时间点，因此句子多attheend of用一般时态Eg:At theend of the talk,he expressedhis greatsatisfaction with us.※［辨析］一般不单独使用，后常跟短语，意为“到……结束的时候”，表达一段时间，因此♦bytheend of句子多用完毕时态，如过去完毕时或将来完毕时Eg:By theend oflast term,we hadlearnt1000words.后不可跟短语，表达最终的结果，相称于行或♦in theendofnally atlastEg:They foundthe lostboy in theend.
1.Good teachersmake sure that everyoneintheclass understands.一定要，保证做到，弄清楚make sure一定要准时完毕作业Eg:Make sureyou finishyour homeworkon time.派［辨析］surecertain与的意思基本相同，但强调主语的心理状态，指主语心中无疑或十分确信、有把1sure certainsure握，着重于人的内心世界Eg:He wassurethatthe managermust haveread theletter.⑵侧重说明有肯定的理由和证据，使人相信或确信，强调内心世界之外的证据certain Eg:It iscertain显然，他弟弟会来帮他的that hisbrother willcome tohis help.当主语是人时，和常可替换，意思相差不大，但由于多表达人的内心世界,故其主3sure certainsure语只能是人，且不能用来形容事件，所以当主语是表达事件的名词或代词时，或主语是时,只能用it certainEg:It isntquite certainwhether hewillbepresentatthemeeting.
2.I thinkperhaps shewas,as it was herfirst lessonwithus.在这里是连词，，意思是“既然，由于”，多位于句首，常用来说明较为明显的因素As今天我们要干的事情很多，Eg:As thereare manythings forus todo today,wed betterask forsome help.我们就叫些人来帮忙※［辨析］because/since/as/for都是表达因素或理由的连接词，在语气上由强至弱依次为because-since-asffor引导的从句多置于句末，表达直接的因素或理由，或产生那种结果的必然的因果关系，在♦because回答的提问时，必须用作答why becauseEg:The lightwent outbecause theoil wasout.与引导的从句多置于句首，但是表达十分明显的因素，只说明一般的因果关系，可译为♦as sinceas“由于由于而则表达稍加分析、对方已知的因素，一般译为“既然”since
①Eg:As itis toolate,youd betterstay here.
②Since thetown isfar fromhere,you maygo thereby bus.是并列连词，所引导的不是因素状语从句，而是表达理由的对等句子，是对前面所讲内容的补♦for充和说明Eg:It musthave rainedlast night,fortheground isso wet.
3.She iskind andpatient,and explainsEnglish grammarso clearlythat evenI canunderstand it!I hatemaking mistakesor pronouncinga wordincorrectly whenI speakEnglish,but Mrs.Li justsmiles,sothat you dont feelcompletely stupid.这两句中都使用了，但意义完全不同可译为如此……以至于……，有如下几“so that”so...that”种结构♦so+形容词或副词+that...Eg Heran soquickly thatI couldn9t keepupwithhim.形单数可数名词+♦so++an+that...Bob isso talla manthat hecan reachthe ceiling.复数可数名词+或者不可数名词+♦so+many/few+that…so+much/little+that…Eg:There isso littlewater leftthat onlysmall childrenand patientswere givesome.相称于”，表目的♦so thatinorderthat Checkcarefully sothat anymistakes willbe caught.
4.Shes verystrict-we dontdare tosay aword unlessshe asksus to.（）做情态动词时重耍用于疑问句、否认句及条件状语从句中1dare
①②Eg:I darenot go there.Dare youask him可用实义动词
①②2dare Eg:I dontdare togothere.Do youdare toask him
5.There area fewstudents inour classwho keepcoming toclass late...连续不断地做某事，经常做某事keep doingThey kepttrying untilthey succeeded.［辨析］keep doing sth/keep ondoing sth/keep sbdoing/keep sbfrom doing sth均具有“继续、反复”之意，许多情况下可以通用有时♦keep doingsth,keep ondoingsth.keep doing描述客观事实，无感情色彩，可译作“连续地、一直不断地做某事”sth keepon则带有感情色彩，译“总是反复地做某事”doingsth
①描述“念念不忘”这一客观事实Eg:He keptthinking of the question.
②强调主观厌烦情绪Dont keepon thinkingof thesame question.表达“让某人/某物处在做某事的状态”♦keep sb/sth doingEg:The bosskept hisworkers workingday andnight.阻止某人/某物做某事♦keep sb/sth.from doingsth大雨使我们不能准时出发Eg:The heavyrain keptus fromstarting outon time.有如下几种意思
6.appreciate vt.鉴赏，欣赏，品味，玩味文学、艺术等1Eg:You cannotappreciate Englishliterature unlessyou understandthe language感激别人的好意等，感谢
2.Eg:I greatlyappreciate yourkindness.
8....but Ithink thatIH dowell intheexamwith MrsChen teachingme.1with+名词+副词Eg:With all the lightsout,the roomwas dark.⑵with+名词+adj Eg:With thedoor andwindowsopenwide,theroomwas verycold.名词+名词Eg:In thenorth isScotland,with itscapital Edinburgh.3with+名词+介词短语4with+Eg:The mancame inwith abook inhis hand.o⑸名词+现在分词名词和现在分词间为积极关系，状态正在进行with+Eg:With allthe studentsdoing theirhomework silently,the teacherwalked aroundthe classroom.名词+过去分词强调名词是分词动作的承受者或动作已发生6with+-edEg:From thewindow shecould seea talltree,withadog tiedto it.名词+不定式强调动作尚未发生7with4-Eg:With machinerytodoallthework,the farmis highlymechanized.他精力充沛，在他的课上你绝不会
9.Hes gotso muchenergy,this is one class youdonot fall asleep in!想睡觉感到困倦请注意，这里的是不可少的可以把本句分为两句
10.in This is one class.In theclassyoudont fallasleep.请注意，这里中的既不解释为“班级”，也不和前面第点中
11.oneclassclass4theclassreally likes同样解释为“全班同学”，而是解释为“课二working withher这里中叩为形容词，只能作表语，而则为名词和动词作为教师，请注意加
12.fallasleepasle sleep的构词法,大部分是表语形容词,如:“a-”alike,alive,alone,ashamed,awake,aware,etc.Module3My FirstRide on a Train1distance:n.距离Eg
①at adistance在远处
③在远处
④在远方，在远处from adistance inthe distance供应,供应,补充2supply:v.Supply sb.with sth.=supply sth.to sb.Eg:They supplythe homelesschildren withfood.=They supplyfood tothe homelesschildren.其复数形式指“日用品，生活必需品，补给品”等supplies.不久前，我第一次乘坐长途火车
1.Recently Ihad myfirst rideonalong-distance train句子中的表达法,这是由构成的复合形容词类似的有全1long-distance adjective+noun full-time日制的，二手的,一流的，高级的，大规模的,高second-hand first-rate high-class large-scale high-tech科技的，善良的，走神的，样子好看的kind-hearted absent-minded good-looking除此之外，尚有其他复合词的表达法名词媳妇,快速阅读daughter-in-law speed-reading动词照顾婴儿,观望，物色baby-sit window-shop感慨句，主谓语被省略，全句是
2.And whata ride!!What abeautiful rideitwas!很多感慨句是由或引起的，修饰名词，修饰形容词、副词或动词what howwhat howEg:1What anice voicehe has!What atall boyhe is!2How nicea voicehe has!How talla boyhe is!
5.They triedriding horses,but thehorses didntlike thehot weatherand sand.尝试干某事尽力干某事try doingsth.try todosth.
①Eg:We shouldtry tomake everythingready beforethe teachercomes.
②The studentstried doingthe experimentsome otherway.世纪代
6.The Afghansand theircamels didthis untilthe1920s.the1920s202023请注意时间表达法世纪年代the1830s1930年代在她八十多岁的时候the60s60in her80s
7.Traveling ata speedover400kilometres perhour,thetraincan completethe30-kilometre journeyin eight请注意速度和介词的连用minutes.speed atata speedof50miles atthe topof onesspeedModule4A SocialSurvey-My Neighbourhood1Its beensix yearssince welast saweach other,you know.过去一个时间点（如具体的年、月、日期、钟点；）♦since+1980,last month,half pastsixEg:I have been heresince
1989.——段时间♦since++ago Eg:I have been heresince fivemonths ago.从句♦since+Eg:Great changeshave takenplace sinceyouleft.一段时间+从句♦It is+since Eg:It istwo monthssince Ibecame ateacher.（）2And this is thefirst time Ive visitedyour hometown.序数词（）表达”第几次做某事”This/Itis++time+that+sb+have donesth
①Eg:Thisisthe secondtimeIhavebeen to Changsha.（）
3...but thisisoneofthemost attractiveplaces Ivebeento.♦Th isisthe besttea Ihave everdrunk注意（）（某人）到过某地（该人现已不在那个地方）♦sb havebeentoa place:（）（某人）已去了某地（该人不在说话现场sb havegone toaplace:（）4Its solively,and everyone seemsso friendly.活泼的，有气愤的，用做定语或表语，可以指人或物lively:Eg:I findthe girlhas a lively mind.活的，活生生的，有生命的，现场直播（做定语，放在被修饰的名词前）♦live:
①Eg:Have youcaught alive fishintheriver
②There isalivebasketball matchat9:45tonight.活的，健在的，现行的（作表语或定语）♦living:Eg:Ba Jinis regardedas oneofthebest livingwriters.活的，有生命的（作表语，后置定语或补足语，作表语的时候，可与互换）♦alive:livingEg:He wasalive/living whenhewassent tothe hospital.（）生活在这里我感到很幸运5I feelvery fortunateliving here.（）（）（某人）因有机会做某事而感到幸运sb feelfortunate indoingsth（）6Whafs thedifference amongthe followingsentences（范围之内）You liveinthenorthwest ofXiamen,in:（范围之外的，不接壤）You livetothenorthwest ofXiamen,to:You liveonthecoast ofthe sea.（on:范围之内，可指接壤，也可指在河畔）。
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