数字电子秤的设计与实现外文文献及翻译

把应变、位移或频率转变为电量综合比较多种传感器日勺状况，在此选用间接法日勺应变式力传感器袖珍电子秤构造原理传感器f放大器一AdD转换器f CPU-＞显示屏3工作原理:应变式力传感器的工作原理是将应变片粘贴到受力的力敏型弹性元件上，当弹性元件受力产生变形时，应变片产生对应时应变，转化成电阻变化,从而引起测量电路的电压变化，通过测量输出电压的数值，再通过换算即可得到所测量物体的重量由于袖珍电子秤规定体积小，称量范围不大，精度和角偶一致性高，传感器与显示屏一体化等特点，故选用双孔悬臂平行梁应变式承重传感器其特点是精度高、易加工、构造简朴紧凑、抗偏载能力强、固有频率高应变片选用由栅状金属泊粘贴在绝缘基片上构成的金属泊式应变片，电阻应变片感受的I机械应变量一般为10-6〜10-2mm,随之而产生的I电阻变化率也大概在10-6〜10-2数量级之间，这样小时电阻变化用一般的电阻测量仪表很难测出，必须采用一定形式的测量电路将微小於I电阻变化率转变成电压或电流欧I变化,才能用二次仪表显示出来桥式测量电路可以满足这一规定在称重传感器中，R1,R2,R3,R44个应变片电阻构成的桥式测量电路如图3所示Rm为温度赔偿电阻，e为鼓励电压,V为输出电压参照二:称重传感器实际上是一种将质量信号转变为可测量的电信号输出的装置用传感器茵先要考虑传感器所处的实际工作环境，这点对对的选用称重传感器至关重要,它关系到传感器能否正常工作以及它的安全和使用寿命，乃至整个衡器的I可靠性和安全性在称重传感器重要技术指标的基本概念和评价措施上，新旧国标有质的差异老式概念上，负荷传感器是称重传感器、测力传感器的统称，用单项参数评价它的计量特性旧国标将应用对象和使用环境条件完全不一样的“称重”和“测力”两种传感器合二为一来考虑，对试验和评价措施未予以辨别旧国标共有21项指标，均在常温下进行试验；并用非线性、滞后误差、反复性误差、蠕变、零点温度附加误差以及额定输出温度附加误差6项指标中的最大误差，来确定称重传感器精确度等级，分别用

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02、

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0.05表达定比例转换成可计量的输出信号考虑到不一样使用地点的重力加速度和空气浮力对转换的影响，称重传感器的性能指标重要有线性误差、滞后误差、反复性误差、蠕变、零点温度特性和敏捷度温度特性等在多种衡器和质量计量系统中，一般用综合误差带来综合控制传感器精确度，并将综合误差带与衡器误差带联络起来，以便选用对应于某一精确度衡器的I称重传感器国际法制计量组织（OIML）规定，传感器的误差带5占衡器误差带△的70%,称重传感器的线性误差、滞后误差以及在规定温度范围内由于温度对敏捷度的影响所引起的误差等的总和不能超过误差带6这就容许制造厂对构成计量总误差的各个分量进行调整，从而获得期望的精确度称重传感器按转换措施分为光电式、液压式、电磁力式、电容式、磁极变形式、振电磁力式传感器动式、陀螺典礼、电阻应变式等8类，以电阻应变式使用最广它运用承重台上的I负荷与电磁力相平衡的I原理工作（图5）当承重台上放有被测物时，杠杆的一端向上倾斜；光电件检测出倾斜度信号，经放大后流入线圈，产生电磁力，使杠杆恢复至平衡状态对产生电磁平衡力的电流进行数字转换，即可确定被测物质量电磁力式传感器精确度高，可达1/2023〜1/60000,但称量范围仅在几十毫克至10公斤之间电容式传感器它运用电容器振荡电路的振荡频率f与极板间距d的正比例关系工作（图6）o极板有两块，一块固定不动，另一块可移动在承重台加载被测物时，板簧挠曲，两极板之间的J距离发生变化，电路的振荡频率也随之变化测出频率的I变化即可求出承重台上被测物的质量电容式传感器耗电量少,造价低，精确度为1/200〜1/500磁极变形式传感器铁磁元件在被测物重力作用下发生机械变形时，内部产生应力并引起导磁率变化，使绕在铁磁元件（磁极）两侧的次级线圈的感应电压也随之变化测量出电压区I变化量即可求出加到磁极上的力，进而确定被测物的质量磁极变形式传感器时精确度不高，一般为1/100,合用于大吨位称量工作，称量范围为几十至几万公斤振动式传感器弹性元件受力后，其固有振动频率与作用力的平方根成正比测出固有频率的变化，即可求出被测物作用在弹性元件上的力，进而求出其质量振动式传感器有振弦式和音叉式两种振弦式传感器的弹性元件是弦丝当承重台上加有被测物时，V形弦丝的交点被拉向下，且左弦的拉力增大，右弦的拉力减小两根弦的固有频率发生不一样的变化求出两根弦的频率之差，即可求出被测物日勺质量振弦式传感器的精确度较高，可达1/1000〜1/10000,称量范围为100克至几百公斤，但构造复杂，加工难度大，造价高音叉式传感器的弹性元件是音叉音叉端部固定有压电元件，它以音叉的固有频率振荡，并可测出振荡频率当承重台上加有被测物时，音叉拉伸方向受力而固有频率增长，增长的程度与施加力的平方根成正比测出固有频率的变化，即可求出重物施加于音叉上的力，进而求出重物质量音叉式传感器耗电量小，计量精确度高达1/10000〜1/202300,称量范围为500g〜10kg参照文献

[1]Abraham.IP.Switching PowerSupply DesignJ.2nd Edn.McGraw-Hill.New York1988:

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[2]Amit PatelBtech.A capacitancepressure sensorusing aphase-lockedloopD.Journal ofRehabilitationResearchand DevelopmentVol.26No.2:55—

62.not high,the displayis notintuitive andlow measurement accuracy;mechanical springbalancecan solvethis problem,but theinertia inherentlow frequency,high sensitivity,measurementaccuracyis nothigh.With theprogress andupdate of the micro-computertechnology,integrated circuittechnology,sensor technology,electronic scalesrapiddevelopment,it hasa responsive,high accuracy,fully functional,the displayis intuitive,compact,easy touse andso on.For thesereasons,in orderto solvethe low-mass objectsweighing problem,if asmallsize,light weight,portable,digital displayelectronic scales,will bepopular.Discussed below,that is,the scopeof aweighing5kg compact electronic scales.2DesignThe principle of thestructure of the pocket-sized electronicscales shown inFigure

1.The maintask isto designcompactelectronicscales weighingthe choiceof theforce sensors.Dynamometer sensortypes to achieve theweighing anddigital display,the keyisto wantto forcegravity signalsinto electrical signals tomeasure method is mainlydivided into twocategories:one is the directmethod,namely the use ofpressure magneticsensor,piezoelectric sensor,Piezoresistive sensorsdirectly to the forcesignal convertedintoelectrical signals;the otheristheindirect method,the elasticelement asthe sensorwill pull,pressure changes in strain,displacement,or frequency,and thenstrain sensors,displacementsensors,or frequencysensor strain,displacement orfrequency changesfor power.Comprehensive comparisonof avariety ofsensors,use theindirect methodof strain gaugeforce transducer.Pocket-sized electronicscale structuralprinciple:Sensor一amplifier一CPU一display—AD converter3The workingprincipleof the straingauge forcetransducer straingauge pastedintoforce,force-sensitive elasticelement,the correspondingstrain whenthe elasticelement forcedeformation,the straingauge intoa resistancechange,which ledto thevoltage measuringcircuitchanges bymeasuring theoutput voltagevalue,and thenthrough theconversion canbeobtained bythe measurementof bodyweight.Since thepocket-sized electronicscalesrequire smallsize,weighing inscope,precision andangle evenconsistency,sensor anddisplayintegration,it isselected parallelto the two holescantilever beamstrain gaugeload-bearing sensor.Its characteristicsare:high precision,ease ofprocessing,simple andcompactstructure,strong resistanceto partialload,high natural frequency.Strain gaugechoiceof ametal palisademetal mooringpaste on the insulatingsubstrate parkedstrain gages,mechanical strain resistance straingauge feelingsgenerally10-10-2mm,the resistancerateof changeof theattendant about10-610-2orders ofmagnitude,such asmall changeinresistance measuredusing thegeneral resistanceof theinstrument ishard tomeasure out,youmust usesome form ofmeasurement.Circuit intosmall changesinresistancerates tochangesinvoltage orcurrent,in ordertosecondary instrumentdisplay.Bridge measurement circuit tomeet thisrequirement.In theload cell,RI,R2,R3,R4straingaugeresistor bridgemeasurementcircuitshowninFigure

3.Rm isthe temperaturecompensation resistor,e isthe excitationvoltage,V isthe outputvoltage.The load cell is a qualitysignal intoa measurableelectricalsignaloutput device.Mustconsider theactual workingenvironment of the sensorwhich sensorYin,this isessential forthecorrect selectionof the load cell,and itis relatedto thesensor canwork aswell asitssafety andservice life,and thewhole weighingthe reliabilityand safetysex.On thebasicconcepts andmethods ofevaluation of the majortechnical indicatorsof the load cell,the newandold GBqualitative differences.The traditionalconcept,theloadsensor weighingsensors,force sensors,collectivelyreferred tousing asingle parameterto evaluateits measurementproperties.Old GBwill becompletelydifferent applicationobjects and theuse of environmentalconditions distinguishbetween the testand evaluationmethods.Old GBtotal of21indicators,were testedat roomtemperature;and non-linearity,hysteresis error,repeatability error,creep,the additionalerrorof thezero temperatureand themaximum errorin thesix indicatorsof therated outputadditionaltemperature error,to determinesaid Thelevel ofaccuracy of the weightsensor,respectively

0.02,

0.03,

0.05said.Proportion toconvert theoutput signalcan bemeasured.Taking intoaccount thedifferentplace ofuse of the accelerationdue togravity andair buoyancyon theconversion,the mainperformance indicatorsof theloadcelllinearity error,hysteresis error,repeatabilityerror,creep,zero-temperature characteristicsand temperaturesensitivity characteristics.In avarietyof weighingand measuringthe quality of thesystem,usually theintegrated erroraccuracy oftheintegrated controlsensors,and integratederror bandor scaleerror bandlinkedso thatselection correspondstoacertain accuracyweighing weighingsensors.InternationalOrganization ofLegal MetrologyOIML requirements,sensor errorwith totalweighinginstrument error8with Aof70%oftheloadcelllinearity error,hysteresis errorwithin thespecifiedtemperature rangedue to the effectof temperatureon thesensitivity ofthe errorthesum cannot exceedthe errorband of

5.This allowsthe manufacturerofthecomponents thatmakeup thetotal measurementerror adjustmentto obtain the desiredaccuracy.The loadcell conversionmethod isdividedintophotoelectric,hydraulic,electromagnetic forcetype,capacitive,magnetic poleschange the form ofvibratorygyroscope ceremony,resistance straintype,to themost extensiveuseofresistance strain.Electromagnetic forcesensorltElectromagnetic forcesensorlt usesa load-bearing stageload and the principleofelectromagnetic forceEquilibrium Figure

5.Put theloading stage,the measured object atoneend ofthe leverupward tilt;photoelectric detectthe tiltsignal,amplified into the coil,theelectromagnetic force,so that the leverto returnto equilibrium.Currents produceelectromagneticcounterweight digitalconverter,you candetermine thequality ofthemeasured object.The electromagneticforcesensor accuracy,up to1/2023〜1/60000,but theweighing range isonly tensof mg to10kg.Capacitive sensorsitCapacitoroscillator circuitofthe oscillation frequencyand theplate spacingdisdirectlyproportional relationshipbetween thework.There aretwo plates,one fixedandtheother onecanmove.Bearing loadmeasured object,the leafspring deflection,the distancebetween thetwoplates changes,theoscillationfrequency ofthe circuitalso changes.The measuredfrequencychange canbe calculatedtothequalityoftheload-bearing stage,the measuredobject.Capacitive sensorpower consumption,low cost,accuracyof1/200to1/

500.Pole change theformof sensorFerromagneticcomponentsin the measured objectgravity undermechanical deformation,internalstress andcause changesin permeability,and alsochanges sothattheinduced voltageof thesecondarycoil woundon bothsides ofthe ferromagneticcomponent pole.Measure thevoltagevariation canbe calculatedadded tothe forceonthepole,and thendetermine thequalityofthemeasured object.Pole tochangetheformofsensoraccuracyis nothigh,usually1/100,applicable tothe largetonnage weighing,weighing rangingfrom tensto tensofthousands ofkilograms.Vibration sensorTheforce ofthe elasticelement,the naturalvibration frequency of theforceis proportionaltothesquare rootof.Measure the natural frequencychanges,you canfind themeasured object roleintheelastic component ofthe force,and thencalculate thequality.The vibrationsensor vibrating wire andtuning fork.The elasticcomponent ofthevibrating wiresensor stringwire.When theload-bearing stage,plus themeasured object,theintersection ofthe V-shaped stringwire ispulled down,and leftstrings oftension increases,the rightstring tensiondecreases.The naturalfrequency ofthetwo strings ofdifferentchanges.Calculate thefrequency differencebetweenthetwostrings,you canfindthequalityof themeasuredobject.The higherthe accuracyofthevibratingwiresensor,up to1/1000〜1/10000,weighing100gtohundreds ofkilograms,but thestructure iscomplex anddifficultprocess,and highcost.The elasticcomponentofthe tuning fork sensorisa tuningfork.Fixed tuningfork endofthe piezoelectricelement,thenaturalfrequencyofoscillation ofatuningfork,it canbemeasured oscillationfrequency.When theload-bearing stageandthemeasuredobject,thetuning forkdirection oftensile forcewhile theincrease innaturalfrequency,increasing levelsofapplied forceis proportionaltothesquare root.Measure thechanges ofnatural frequencycanbe calculatedheavy loadsimposed onthe tuningfork ontheforce,and thencalculate thequalityof heavyobjects.The tuningfork sensorpower consumption,measurement accuracyupto1/10000to1/200000,weighingrangeof500g〜10kg.外文参照文献中文翻译参照一摘要为处理现代商业贸易和平常生活中常常碰到的测量小质量物体的重量问题，简介了一种新型的袖珍式电子秤日勺设计此袖珍式电子秤采用测力传感器将重力信号转换成电信号来测量，并将测量成果进行数字显示该袖珍式电子秤具有体积小重量轻携带以便显示直观测量精度高等长处；也有构造复杂，成本高等缺陷本文重要论述了称重传感器的工作原理误差赔偿、重要参数选择并进行了技术经济性分析关键词袖珍电子秤，称重，传感器，误差赔偿1在现代商业贸易和平常生活中，常常碰到测量小质量物体的重量问题老式日勺杆秤虽能处理这一问题,但不便携带，效率不高，显示不直观且测量精度低；机械式弹簧秤也能处理这一问题，但惯性大，固有频率低、敏捷度不高，测量精度也不高伴随微计算机技术、集成电路技术、传感器技术的进步及更新，电子秤获得了迅猛的发展，它具有反应敏捷、精确度高、功能齐全、显示直观、构造紧凑、使用以便等特点由于以上原因，为处理小质量的I物体的称重问题,若能有一种体积小、重量轻、便于携带、可数字显示日勺电子秤，将会广受欢迎下面所讨论日勺即是一种称重范围为0〜5kg的J袖珍电子秤欧I设计问题2设计袖珍电子秤的重要任务是称重的测力传感器的选择能实现测力日勺传感器种类诸多，要实现称重及数显，关键是要把力（重力）信号转换成电信号来测量,其措施重要分为2类一类是直接法，即运用压磁式传感器、压电式传感器、压阻式传感器直接将力信号转换成电信号；另一类是间接法，即以弹性元件作为敏感器,将拉、压力转变为应变、位移或频率，再用应变传感器、位移传感器或频率传感器。