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第讲定语从句复习学习定语从句的引导词和句子结构08定语从句、定义修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句定语从句一般跟在它所修饰的先行词之后
1、先行词被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词
2、关系词引导定语从句的词叫关系词关系词有关系代词和关系副词3关系词通常有下列三个作用、引导定语从句;、代替先行词;A B、在定语从句中担当一个成分C定语从句句子结构基本结构:先行词+引导词+定语从句例如I lovethe songthat you sing.(是先行词,是引导词,是定语从句)the song”“that“you sing”定语从句的分类限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
一、限制性定语从句
1、关系代词who用于指人,在从句中作主语或宾语例如The man who isstanding thereis myteacher.(站在那里的男人是我的老师,在从句中作主语)“who”whom指人,在从句中作宾语如The girlwhom Imet yesterdayis verykind.(我昨天遇到的女孩很善良,作宾语)“whom”which指物,可作主语或宾语例如This is the bookwhich Ibought last week.(这是我上周买的书,作宾语)“which”that既可指人也可指物,常作主语或宾语如I likethe moviethat isvery interesting.(我喜欢那部很有趣的电影,俨作主语)“thawhose表示所属关系,可指人或物例如The housewhose roofis redis mine.(屋顶是红色的房子是我的,表示房子的屋顶)whose”
2、关系副词when用来修饰时间名词,在从句中作时间状语例如I still remember theday when we first.(我仍然记得我们初次见面的那一天,在从句中作时间状语)met“when”where修饰地点名词,在从句中作地点状语如This is the placewhere Igrewup.(这是我长大的地方,作地点状语)“where”定语从句,先行词是关系词在从句中作状语,使用或引导,也可省略关系词,是固定用法,way,in which that故选B
9.C【详解】考查非谓语和定语从句句意靠在椅背上,我简直不敢相信我要沿着许多外国专家声称“不可能”的铁路旅行第一空为非谓语动词,与在逻辑上是主动关系,用现在分词作状语;第二个空为”sit Ibe aboutto dosth将要做某事工第二个空涉及一个限制性定语从句,空处需要填入关系代词,代替先行词在从句中作the railway,主语,做插入语,所以填故选项many foreignexperts claimedthat C
11.whom【详解】考查定语从句句意如果我们把青春比作花朵,年轻的志愿者是最美丽的,没有他们,世界将变得太冷了此处为介词+关系代词结构非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词作介词的宾语,指人应用volunteers,whom故填whom
12.whose【详解】考查定语从句句意我最喜欢的喜剧演员是查理・卓别林,他独特的表演方式和经典作品给全世界带来了欢乐和幸福此处缺少非限制性定语从句引导词,先行词是定语从句缺少定语修饰名词Charlie Chaplin,和之间是所属关系,应使用关系代词故填way,Charlie Chaplinway whose□whose
013.whom【详解】考查定语从句句意后来,这种药物在疟疾患者身上进行了测试,大多数患者都康复了此处用“介词+关系代词结构的非限制性定语从句来修饰先行词并作介词的宾语,先行词指人,用引导patients,f whom从句故填whom
14.as【详解】考查定语从句句意他相当惊讶,从他的脸上可以看出…是一个常用的固定句as can be seen from式,意为“正如从……可以看出的那样“,在这里引导的是一个非限制性定语从句,它指代的是前面整个句as子,意为“正如……:故填aso
15.whose【详解】考查定语从句句意我发现一个小女孩,她的脚踝是正常大小的两倍空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词先行词在从句中作定语,故用关系代词故填girl,whose whose
16.whom【详解】考查定语从句句意我们班有个学生,其中三分之一戴眼镜分析句子可知,空处引导非限制46性定语从句,先行词(指人)在从句中作介词的宾语成分,所以此处为介词关系代词引46students ofof+whom导的定语从句故填whom
17.which【详解】考查定语从句句意因此,他们不得不采取一系列步骤,但没有一个步骤足以阻止这场灾难的发生设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词从句中缺少的宾语,指物,应用故填steps,of which,which o
18.as【详解】考查定语从句句意我的爷爷,像很多老人一样,喜欢谈论过去的美好时光分析句子可知,此处为关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句,先行词为整个主句,关系词指代先行词在从句中作主语成分,关系代as词表示“正如,像放在主句主谓之间故填as as
19..who【详解】考查定语从句句意跟随多年前他自己老师的脚步,王先生现在把他的技能传授给了新成员,他们将承担未来的许多维修工作分析句子成分可知,该空引导非限制性定语从句,为先行词,指the newmembers物,关系词替代先行词在定语从句作主语,故用关系代词故填who who
20.as【详解】考查定语从句句意孩子们一向这样爱他们的妈妈空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是整个主句,在定语从句中作主语,关系词表示“正如“,需用关系代词引导故填as as
21.As【详解】考查定语从句句意据报道,苹果公司将在下个月的这个时候推出一款新的平板电脑根据is reported及后面句子内容可知,空处表示“正如、引导非限制性定语从句,用引导,放在句首,首字母大写as Asis reported,为固定句型,意思为据报道故填As
22..that【详解】考查定语从句句意学生们正在讨论他们最喜欢的书和作家分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是在从句中作主语,当先行词既有人又有物时,用引导定语从句故填the books and writers,that thato
23.when【详解】考查定语从句句意曾经有一段时间我们彼此不说话,但你似乎不记得了分析句子可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是关系词在从句中作时间状语,应用关系副词故填time,when,when
24.whose【详解】考查定语从句句意新冠肺炎是近年来最致命的病毒,从年开始袭击人们,人们仍在遭受其2019影响分析句子可知,此处是“介词+关系词”引导的非限制性定语从句,先行词是指物,关系词在Covid-19,从句中作定语,修饰应使用故填effect,whose whose
25.which【详解】考查定语从句句意太平洋海岸以东是雄伟的落基山脉,这里有高峰和深谷分析句子可知,空格处单词引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词指物,关系词代替先行词在定语从句中Rocky Mountains,作主语,应使用关系代词引导该从句故填which whichoo
26.whose【详解】考查定语从句句意我们都很感谢约翰,他的帮助对我们的成功贡献很大分析句子结构可知,空处需用关系词引导非限制性定语从句;先行词是指人,关系词在定语从句中作定语,表示所属关系,意为John,“……的,所以空处需用关系代词引导定语从句故填whose whose
27.As【详解】考查非限定性定语从句句意如图所示,在过去的一年中,用户数量稳步增长,这表明我们的营销活动取得了成功正如图表所示引导非限定性定语从句,有“正如”之意,指代整个主As the chart showsas句的内容故填As
28.When which【详解】考查状语从句和定语从句句意当你面临一个困难的选择时,你的许多值得信赖的朋友可能会有非常宝贵的建议,可以帮助你做出决定第一空引导时间状语从句,表示“当……时候需用连接词位于句when,首,首字母需大写;第二空引导非限制性定语从句,先行词指物,在定语从句中作主语,需用关系代词advice,which引导故填
①When;
②which
29..where【详解】考查定语从句句意我永远不会忘记我和祖父母一起度过童年的那个美丽的村庄空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词先行词在从句中表示行为发生的地点,作地点状语,应用关系副词作引导village,where词故填where
30.who/whom【详解】考查定语从句句意他是一位“文化人类学家”,我们应该感谢他,因为他记录了半个多世纪以来整个城市及其人民的生活此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词,在从句作宾语,指人,应用或故who whom填who/whomowhy修饰表示原因的名词,在从句中作原因状语例如Can youtell methe reason why youwere late(你能告诉我你迟到的原因吗?作原因状语)“why”定语从句句子结构基本结构先行词+引导词+定语从句例如I lovethe songthat yousing.(是先行词,是引导词,是定语从句)the song”“that”“yousing”
3、特殊情况
(1)修饰物时,关系代词只能用that的情况
①先行词既有人又有物They talkedof thingsand personsthat theyremembered in the school.
②先行词被及序数词修饰the only,the very,just the,the lastItistheonly filmthat Ilike.
③先行词被最高级修饰This isthe mostinteresting novelthat Iveever read.
④先行词被等修饰all,any,every,no,some,little,a little,few,a few,I haveread all the booksthat yougave me.
⑤先行词本身是不定代词等all,any,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything,everythingDo you have anythingthat youwant tosay foryourself
⑥主句的主语是疑问代词和时,关系代词用who which thatWho isthe girlthat helpedthe manout oftrouble注意先行词为时,定语从句的引导方式有三种,省略the wayin which,that,I don9t likethe wayyou speak.()指人时在下列情况下多用或须用2who
①关系代词在从句中作主语时,多用who.Do youknow themanwhospoke justnow
②先行词为或指人时,多用all,one,ones,everyone,anyone,nobody,all whooAllwho heardthe newswere excited.
③先行词为和时多用those peoplewhooPeople whocan seesometimes actjust asfoolishly.
④在非限制性定语从句中作主语须用作宾语须用who,whomoMr Green,whom yousaw inthe libraryyesterday,will teachus physicsnext term.
⑤在以开头的句子中多用there bewho.There isa strangerwho wantsto seeour headmaster.关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略3“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
①“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时,关系代词只能用指物或用指人,which whom即介词并且或不能省+which/whom,which whomThemoney with which youwere tobuy dogfood isgone.
②当介词位于定语从句的末尾时,可用指物,指人,that/whichthat/whom/who此时可以把这些关系单词省略This isthe penwhich/that Iwrote theletter with.
③当关系代词作等短语动词的宾语时,这些词中的介词不能提前.look after,look for,take careof,see toHereisthe book that/whichIm lookingfor.
④介词+关系代词”前可有等代词或者数词,结构为some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等+all,both,few,most,several,some of whom/which.In thebasket Ifind manyapples,some of which havegone bad.介词不定式结构如4+which/whomThe poorman hasno housein whichto live.二The poorman hasno housein whichhe canlive.=The poorman hasno houseto live in.
5、关系副词的用法关系副词起连接主句和从句的作用,又在从句中作状语,和分别表示时间,地点和when,where why原因当定语从句所修饰的先行词是表示时间的名词口寸如.用1when time,day,week,year,month,etc when在定语从句中充当时间状语,也可用“介词”来代替还可以用in/on/by/during+which when,which或引导,或在从句中作主语或宾语that whichthat例如Do youstillrememberthe dayswhenwespent thesummer holidaysin Qingdao当定语从句所修饰的先行词是表示地点的名词时如2where place,school,factory,room,.用在定语从句中充当地点状语,也可用“介词等来代替还可用etc wherein/at+which”where,which或引导,在从句中作主语或宾语that which/that比较
(1)This isthe labwhere/in whichhe didtheexperiment.(作状语)()(作宾语)2This isthe parkwhich/that theyvisited last year.()当定语从句所修饰的先行词是表示原因的名词时,用在定语从句中充当原因状语,也3why why可用“介词来代替当关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时,则用或引导for which”why.whichthat如比较.(作状语)I dontknow the reasonwhy/for whichhe wasfired(作主语)Have youasked himthereasonthat mayexplain hissuccess诀窍判断关系代词与关系副词方法一用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词例如This isthe mountainvillage whereI stayedlastyear.方法二准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词
二、非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切,只对其做一些附加说明,如果去掉主句的意义仍然完整,先行词与定语从句往往有逗号隔开,不能用引导引导词that关系代词who,whom,whose,which关系副词when,whereI willsee themanager tomorrow,when hewill beback fromAmerica.My parentswill flyto Shanghai,where theywill stayfor severaldays.There weremany thingsleft,some of which are almost finished.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
1、先行词内容有所不同大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语,而特殊情况下非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句,此时非限制性定语从句常由引导which此句是有A five-year-old boycan speaktwo foreignlanguages,which surprisesallthepeople present.引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰前面的一句话which
2、关系词的使用情况有所不同()所有关系代词和关系副词均可引导限制性定语从句,大多数关系代词和关系副词可引导非1限制性定语从句,但不可that,why
(2)关系代词替代情况不同关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用代替但在非限制性定whom whowhom,whom语从句中作宾语时不可用来代替who
(3)关系代词省略情况不同关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省去,非限制性定语从句的所有关系词均不可省
3、as引导的定语从句用作关系代词和关系副词引导定语从句,构成,…等结构as the same...as...,such...as...,so…asI likethe samebook asyouhave.()..”表“如此……以致……”的意思,用来引导一个结果状语从句;而1“such...that.”表”像这(那)样”的意思,用来引导定语从句,在定语从句中充当主、宾、“such...as…as表语等试比较下列两个句子Mr Chengave ussuch a difficult questionas nobodyworked out.
(2)“the same...that.・,”表同一人或物,而“thesame...as...”表同种类的东西
4、which与as引导非限定性定语从句的区别;由引导的非限定性定语从句,和可代整个主句,在从句中作主语或宾语as,which aswhich引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句的后面,意为“这一点”;引导的非限制性定which as语从句可以放在主句之前、之中或之后,含有正如、正像”之意asAs weknow,smoking isharmful toones health.诀窍快速判断一个句子是否为定语从句,可从以下方面入手查看从句位置和作用
1.-位置定语从句一般紧跟在被修饰的名词或代词(先行词)之后例如“He likesthebookwhich中,紧品艮先彳亍词之后has many pictures.which hasmanypictures”book-作用起到修饰先行词的作用,如果去掉从句,句子语义虽完整,但先行词的信息就不够明确定语从句精练题
一、单项选择(高二上•重庆渝中•期中)
1.24-25Today agroup ofstudents fromSouth Koreavisited ourschool,can speakChinesevery well.A.most of them B.most ofwhich C.most ofwhom D.most ofthose(高二上可南关州•期中)
2.24-251B Inthis modernage weare becomingmore andmorefrom each other,flash mobsare asign thatthe spiritof societyis stillalive.A.when;sophisticated B.what;isolatedC.what;sophisticated D.when;isolated(高一上•江苏常州•阶段练习)
3.24-25is knownto usall,the moontravels aroundthe earthonce everymonth.A.It B.As C.Which D.What(高二上•吉林长春•期中)
4.24-25He toldus_the days_he wasyoung weregone.A.that;that B.when;when C.when;that D.that;when(高二上•吉林长春•期中)_
5.24-25was often the case,she forgotto bringher homeworkto school.A.It B.As C.Which D.Who(高二上•吉林长春•期中)
6.24-25He hastwo Chinese-English dictionaries,both_were boughtlastweek.A.ofwhomB.ofwhich C.of that D.of them(高二上•吉林长春•期中)
7.24-25After everyonewas seated,there wasa formalceremony,made usexcited.A.that B.it C.which D.what
8.(24-25高二上•吉林长春•期中)John swimsvery well,but Idon9t likethe way_he alwaysshows offinpublic.A.which B.that C.when D.why(高二上•黑龙江佳木斯•期中)
9.24-25back inmy seat,!cant quitebelieve thatIm aboutalong therailwaymany foreignexperts claimedwas“impossible”.A.Sitting;travelling;that B.Sat;to travel;whichC.Sitting;to travel;thatD.Sat;traveling;that(高二下•江苏南京•期中)
10.21-22Just asMartin LutherKing,Jr.said,peace isnot merelya distantgoalthat weseek,but ameans wearrive atthe goal.A.in whichB.withwhichC.by whichD.to which
二、语法填空(高二上•山东济宁•期中)
11.24-25If wecompare youthto flowers,the youngvolunteers arethe(用适当的词填空)most beautifulones,without theworld wouldbe toocold tolivein.(高二上,四川成都•期中)
12.24-25My favoritecomedian isCharlie Chaplin,unique wayof performingand classicworks havebrought joyand happinessto thewhole world.(用适当的词填空)(高二上,福建福州•期中)
13.24-25Later,the medicinewas testedon malariapatients,most of(用适当的词填空)recovered.(高二上•福建福州•期中)(用适当的词
14.24-25He israther amazed,canbeseenfromhis face.填空)(高二上•黑龙江哈尔滨•期中)(用适当
15.24-25I spota smallgirl ankleis twiceits normalsize.的词填空)(高二上•山东济宁•期中)
16.24-25In ourclass thereare46students,one-third of(用适当的词填空)wear glasses.
17.(24-25高二上•山东济宁•阶段练习)Asa consequence,they hadto takea seriesof steps,none of(用适当的词填空)was powerfulenough toprevent thedisaster.(高二下•山东济宁•期中)
18.23-24My grandpa,is oftenthe casewith oldpeople,is fondof talking(用适当的词填空)about thegood olddays.(高二下•四川德阳•期中)
19.23-24Following inthe footstepsof hisown teacherall thoseyears ago,(用Mr.Wang hasnow passedon hisskills tothe newmembers,will takeon many ofthefuture repairs.适当的词填空)(高二下•吉林长春•期中)(用适当的词
20.23-24Children,is alwaysthe case,love theirmother.填空)(高二下•四成都•期中)
21.23-24I isreported,Apple companywill belaunching anew tabletthis(用适当的词填空)time nextmonth.(高二下,江苏扬州•期中)
22.23-24The studentsare chattingabout thebooksandwriters(用适当的词填空)will addto theirfavorites.(高二下•江苏•课后作业)
23.23-24There wasa timewe didnttalk toeachother,but youseem notto remember.(用适当的词填空)(高二下•黑龙江大庆•开学考试)
24.23-24Covid-19,the mostdeadly virusin recentyears,began toattack(用适当的词填空)people in2019,from effectpeople arestill suffering.(高二上江苏盐城•期末)
25..23-24♦To theeast ofthe Pacificcoast risethe grandRocky Mountains,are home(用适当的词填空)to highpeaks anddeep valleys.(高二上•江苏南通•期末)
26.22-23We wereall verygrateful toJohn,help contributedgreatly toour success.(用适当的词填空)(高二上•福建•期中)
27.24-25thechartshows,there hasbeen asteady increaseinthenumber ofusers overthe(用适当的past year,indicating thesuccess ofour marketingcampaign.词填空)(高二下.江苏无锡•期中)
28.23-24you arefaced withadifficultchoice,manyofyour trustedfriends may(用have veryvaluable advice,can helpyou tomake thedecision.适当的词填空)(高一上•江苏泰州•期中)
29.23-24I willnever forgetthe beautifulvillage Ispent mychildhood withmy(用适当的词填空)grandparents.
30.(23-24高二下•辽宁•期中)He wasa culturalanthropologist”,we canthank forrecording thelife ofa(用适当的词填空)whole cityand itspeople overhalf acentury.参考答案:题号23456789101答案C DB DB BC BC C
1.C【详解】考查定语从句句意今天,一群来自韩国的学生参观了我们学校,他们中的大多数人中文都说得很好空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词students”,作介词of的宾语,应用关系代词whom故选C
2.D【详解】考查定语从句和形容词句意在我们彼此越来越孤立的现代,快闪族是社会精神仍然存在的标志一空处引导定语从句,先行词是在从句中作时间状语,用引导,二空处,意为this modernage,when sophisticated复杂的,意为孤立的,根据后文可知,应是“彼isolated“flash mobsareasign thatthe spiritof societyis stillalive”此越来越孤立的现代,快闪族是社会精神仍然存在的标志符合语境故选项D
3.B【详解】考查定语从句句意众所周知,月球每月绕地球一周本句为非限制性定语从句,指代后面一句as话的内容,且在句中作主语,引导非限制性定语从句可以放在句首,也可以放在句中和句末,as asis knownto表示“众所周知’‘;和不能引导定语从句;引导的非限制性定语从句不能everybody/everyone/al1it whatwhich放在句首故选项B
4.D【详解】考查宾语从句和定语从句句意他告诉我们他年轻的日子已经一去不复返了第一空引导宾语从句,作的宾语,从句主干为结构、意义完整,故第一空使用引导;第二空引导定语从句,told thedays weregone,that先行词是关系词在从句中作时间状语,使用关系副词引导故选days,when D
5.B【详解】考查定语从句句意情况常常如此,她忘了把作业带到学校来设空处引导非限制性的定语从句,先行词为整个主句应用“情况常常如此”故“she forgotto bringher homeworkto school”,as,as wasoftenthecase选B
6.B【详解】考查定语从句句意他有两本汉英词典,都是上周买的逗号前后无连词,故此处是“介词短语+关系词”引导的非限制性定语从句,先行词是关系词在从句中作的宾语,使用关系代词故dictionaries,fwhich,选B
7.C【详解】考查定语从句句意大家落座后,有一个正式的仪式,这让我们很兴奋空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是关系词在从句中作主语,使用关系代词引导,故选ceremony,whichC
8.B【详解】考查定语从句句意游泳游得很好,但我不喜欢他总是在公共场合炫耀的样子空处引导John。
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