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第讲语法填空（含单句填空和语篇填空）05一目录■■■■■□新知导航熟悉题型、掌握知识脉络国基础知识知识点全面梳理，掌握必备重点记忆关键点快速记忆，提升能力♦小试牛刀考点剖析+过关检测，合理应用B名词形式动词形式________________________:代词形式已给单词提示题型的技巧［形容词，副词比较级数I词词的派生固定短语短语动同结狗短语介词结构连词、关联短语结未给单词提示题型的技巧构冠词，介词和常用副词语法填空题的测试重点在于考查同学们能否将高一阶段所学的语言知识运用到实际的英语读写活动中去语法填空试题基本上涉及了高一阶段所学的各类语法项目，而且考点分布比较均衡从设题方式来看,分为给出提示词和不给出提示词两类已给单词提示题型的技巧这种考查形式主要考查词性转换、名词单复数变化、形容词或副词的比较级与最高级变化、动词的时态和语态（含主谓一致）以及动词的非谓语形式同样，我们先判断设空处在句中的功能，再确定该用什么形式（）1谓语动词一般考查个，考生需要根据句子结构判断是否缺谓语动词一旦确定句子缺少谓语动词，需要从个方1-23面考虑时态、语态、主谓一致确定时态要先观察本句中有无时间状语，不同的时间状语对应不同的时态没有时间状语的，根据上下文中的时态确定空格的时态，常考查的时态有一般过去时和现在完成时确定好时态后要考虑语态，也就是谓语动词与主语之间的关系，是主动还是被动确定时态语态之后,还需考虑主谓一致的问题，即根据主语的单复数形式确定谓语动词的形式（）A talkgive tomorrowis writtenby ProfessorZhang.句中的是整句的谓语，所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语从可以看出，报告是“将来”is writtentomorrow作的，故用不定式；且报告是动作的承受者，故可以判断出横线所在处用的不定式被动式——give giveto be giveno⑵非谓语动词一般考查个左右，这是语法填空中的一大难点首先，要先观察设空句的主句和从句中有没有谓语动词2来判断是否选用非谓语动词；其次要根据句子成分（主语、宾语•、定语、状语、宾语补足语等）明确合适的非谓语动词形式（不定式、形式、过去分词）总之，可以把握一个总体方向，即形式往往表主动V-ing V-ing或动作进行，过去分词一般表示被动或完成，不定式一般作目的状语或后置定语、形容词、副词2命题主要围绕两点一是形容词、副词的比较级与最高级；二是构词，如形容词变副词、动词变形容词、名词变形容词等词性转换和等否定前缀un,dis,in,im,ir,il例（）I amtall thanLiu Wen.He is the talleststudents inmy class.此题后句交代了是班上最高的学生，那“我”肯定比他矮，所以不能用只能用表示程度不如的LiuWen taller,“lesstall”、名词3除动词变名词的词性转换外，名词主要考查单复数和所有格的变化（）There aremany studentsliving atschool,the childhouses areall farfrom school.由一词可以判断出横线处应填复数，且作为的定语，所以应用其所有格形式，故答案为的students houseschild复合变化形式---------复数的所有格children为、代词4考查代词时有时会给出提示词，这种情况多考查人称代词（主格和宾格）、物主代词（形容词性和名词性）以及反身代词代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词（主格和宾格）、物主代词（形容词性和名词性）、反身代词另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如、等noone/none other/another例（）The kingdecided tosee thepainter byhe.由介词可以看出，横线处应填反身代词by himself.数词形式变化5数词的形式变化包括基数词、序数词，或加后缀
一、的变化，甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式，teen ty以及的特殊变化形式one/two once/twice彳列To mythree sonsI leavemy seventeenhorses.My eldestson shalltake ahalf,my secondson shalltake（）a three.从上下文连续起来理解，这是一个分马的计划，大儿子分得也就是“一半”或“二分之一”，那么二儿ahalf,子应该得“三分之一”，所以要填入作分母的序数词才能命中目标“third”词的派生
6.词的派生现象在英语单词中是很常见的，派生现象主要发生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握例Lious losthis walletyesterday,SO hewas veryhappiness.在这道题中，学生很容易判断出该用形容词；钱包丢了，人应该是不开心的，所以要再加个前缀就成了un,unhappyo未给单词提示题型的技巧这种形式主要考查同学们对语篇的理解、对逻辑关系的把握以及对固定搭配和常见句式的掌握程度考查的内容主要是冠词、介词、代词、情态动词、连词、连接代/副词、关系词和句式因为没有提示词，所以同学们需要根据短文大意、上下文的逻辑关系和对一些长难句的结构分析来判断设空处在句中的功能，从而界定其词性，确定其意义，最后确定其内容固定短语结构1:根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语，但有时要对横线前或后的几个单词“视而不见”才能命中答案例1The childrenwere playingon the ground,enjoying,dirty buthappy.从句中的可以猜出孩子们是开心的，所以应用短语，故其答案为happy enjOyoneself themselveso短语动词结构2短语动词是以动词为中心的两个或多个词构成的短语，此类短语中往往是动词与介词或副词连用的多些彳列1The usconsists fiftystates.根据常识可知，美国由个州组成，故横线处与前一词组合，表示“由……组成”，所以答案是50f短语介词结构3短语介词即多个词的组合起介词作用的短语，如等except for,due to例1Mr Smithtook aplane toLondon oftaking atrain.此题中说到两种交通工具，所以可以理解此句有“坐…・.・而不是坐”的意思，故答案为instead,以构成介词短语instead of连词、关联短语结构4常用的连词有等，常用的关联短语有，and,or,but,so,for,while both…and…either…or...,neither...nor...,not…等only.,.but also例1Marrie andJannie likegoing to the theatre.横线处的词与后面可以构成故答案为bothand,Botho冠词、介词和常用的副词5冠词只能是在之间判断；常用的介词有等，通常考查固定搭配；a,an,the in,at,on,before,during副词的量还是比较多，如等however,never,yet,much例这里考查的是不定冠词的习惯用法，答案为构成1Jackie likesto driveat highspeed.a,at ahigh“以高速”开车speed,如何确定谓语动词的时态慧眼识别标志词认清常考时态的标志性时间状语⑴看到等时间状语，要想到用一般现在时often,usually,always,every time,sometimes看到一段时间等时间状语，要想到用一般过去2yesterday,last year,in2022,the otherday,two daysago,,+later时看到等时间状语，要想到用一般将来时3tomorrow,next year,in aweek,in thefuture,soon看到等时间状语，要想到用现在进行时4at thismoment,at present,now看至时间段，等时间5U since,recently,lately,already,in thelast pastfew years,so far/up tonow,fbr+ever since..,状语，要想到用现在完成时看到等时间状语，要想到用过去完成时6by then,by theend of…瞻前顾后找并列⑴可根据并列连词…等前后的谓语动词形式确定所填谓and,but,or,rather than,neither...nor...,not only...but also语动词的时态⑵同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语，谓语动词时态要一致通过“常用句式”法掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题快速且行之有效的方式，因此平时要积累并熟记一些常用句式如1was/were doingsth.when sb.did...一般过去时2had justdonesth.when+3This/It/That is the first/second...time thatsb.have/has done...4This/It/That wasthe first/second...time thatsb.had done...⑸祈使句陈述句，陈述句用一般将来时+and/or+6It,s hightime that...did/should dosth.通过“语境暗示”法分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，而没有标志性的时间状语，且其他参照物都不明显的情况下，通过正确理解语境即通过题干中的语境暗示解题，也是解决时态问题的一种行之有效的方法如何确定谓语动词的语态.依据逻辑关系，辨析主动或被动1⑴分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，若与主语之间是主动关系，应考虑用主动语态；若是被动关系则考虑用被动语态⑵被动语态的基本形式为:过去分词，不同形式的被动语态的结构见下面的be+【注意】⑶运用上面的技法来判断是什么时态的被动语态，再根据主谓一致判断动词的形式be.牢记主动表被动含义的句式结构2⑴当等后面接形容词时；feel,look,smell,taste,sound⑵当等作不及物动词表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”时；cut,read,sell,wear,write,wash⑶当等动词短语表示“发生，关闭，制定’等意思时break out,take place,shut off,turn off,work out亡］考点
一、单句语法填空上•山东济宁•高一校考阶段练习
1.2023There aresome obviouspractical applyof theresearch.
2.Ifadmit to the club,youll beinformed.上•江西南昌•高一南昌二中校考阶段练习
3.2023When comparewith myelder sister,I lookmuch slimmer.
4.chemistry weaponsare bannedinternationally.
5.2023上•福建南平•高一校考期中In fact,these camerasare usedtrack thedogs9eye movements.
6.You canbe exposedto avarious ofcultures Whentravelling inChina.
7.What mademe upsetwas thatmy carbroke halfway.上•陕西西安•高一西安市第六十四中学校考阶段练习
8.2023At thefestival,besides theknowledge ofsilkhistory,variety delicatesilk productsare shown,and someelegant silkdresses areamong them.上,陕西西安•高一西安市第六十四中学校考阶段练习
9.2023Even thoughbury inhis work,he wouldntmiss theopportunityto chatwith hisson.
10.The sportsmeeting hadto beput offdue theheavy rain.上•福建漳州•高二福建省华安县第一中学校考阶段练习
11..2023Children,whenaccompany bytheir parents,areallowed toenter theGreen ExpoGarden forfree.
12.Tim gotemotional duringhis eventin NewYork CityTuesday nightrecalling hisrecent conversationwithdad.
13.The sizeand shapeof yournose isdetermined bythe climateyou live,according toa newresearch.上,广东中山•高一中山市华侨中学校考阶段练习
14.2023A newvary ofrice isbeing developednow.
15.The driverwanted topark hiscar nearthe roadsidebut wasasked bythe policenot.
16.First degreeburns turnwhite whenpress.
17.be Ia teacher,I wouldbe strictwith mystudents.
18.Though tire,they wenton workingin orderto finishthe taskon time.
19.The worldstropical forestsare appearat aneven fasterrate thanexperts haveever thought.
20.With therapid economydevelopment,China playsa moreand moreimportant roleon theinternational stage.点
二、语段语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式1Passage1（上•河南郑州•高一郑州外国语学校校联考阶段练习）2023Prince Llewellynthe Greatwas rulerof Walesfor40years buthe isnow rememberedmore forthe storyof Gelert.One day,Prince Llewellyn was outhunting in the Welshcountryside.Back home,his newbornson1sleep asGelert,his2faith dog,watched overhim.While the Prince wasriding throughthe forest,he heardloud barking3come fromthedirection of the house.The Princehad aterrible feelingand gallopedquickly home.When PrinceLlewellyn walkedthroughthe door,Gelert jumpedup togreet him4a hugesmile onhis face.The Princelooked atGelert,only tofind blooddrippingfrom itsmouth andfur.Llewellyn raninto hissons bedroom.The cotwas empty.In ablaze of anger,he tookhis swordand5swing itat thedog.After hekilled thedog,he sawthe bodyofadead wolfand realizedthat there6be afightearlier on.Andthen heheard thecrying ofa babyfrom underthe cot.It wasnot untilthen7thePrincerealized Gelert8hide thebaby andkilled thewolf.Llewellynwasheartbroken.He organizeda greatceremony tobury thedog thathadsaved hissons life.He visitedthe graveevery dayuntil hedied.Very touching,isnt it9some peopledo notbelieve thestoryto betrue,despite the10exist ofGelerts gravestonein Wales.Passage2（2023上•山东烟台・高一莱阳一中校考阶段练习）More than500years ago,explorers sailedto theAmericas.They1bring a few four-legged passengersalong with野猪，them:pigs.Today,there are2near sixmillion wild pigs,also knownas boars3run freein theUS.Boars cancause alot ofdamage tocrops andsoccer fields.They eatbaby birds and turtleeggs.Every year,they cause$
1.5billion indamage.People doall theycould tostop them,4boars keepgoing strong.Texas ishome tohalf of the countrysboar population.Some5county offerhunters$5for everyboar tailthey bring钢一in.High-tech meansare alsoused6battle thewildpigs.The latestis asteel cage7hangs offthegroundofficialslay atrack oftasty cornleading to8cage.Special camerasrecord theboars approaching.Officials watchfrom afar.At justtheright moment,the officialspress abutton onan app.The cagedrops andtraps adozen boarsall atonce.But boarsare smart.Theyve learnedways toavoid getting9catch,They knowthat humanshunt indaylight.Nowthe animalssleep duringthe dayand eatat night,when itsmuch10safe.Until wefind away tooutsmart them,boars willkeeppigging outon farmsand gardens.Passage3（2023上・江苏•高一江苏省苏州实验中学校考阶段练习）Parental InstinctsLastyear inearly summer,I waswalking upthe hillto myhouse insuburban Brisbanewhen Isaw twobirds,eachabout6centimeters tall,standing inmy driveway.They didntseem tonotice me1I wasright infront of them andthen theyimmediatelyflew into the nearbybushes.It wasthe firsttime thatI2see twospecial birdsmake anest inmy frontyard.I hadntreally expectedthem toaswild birdsdont usuallynest soclose.A fewweeks later,the birdsreappeared.I foundthem crouchingbeside atree offtotheside ofmy driveway.As Iapproachedthem,I imaginedthey wouldrun awaylike theydid lasttime,but instead,they3stick outtheir headsandmade athreatening croakingsound4came fromdeep insidetheir throats.长尾石鸡.I didsome researchand foundthat the birds areburhinus graUariusI stilldidnt know5they werecroakingat meuntil ashort timelater Imade anamazing discovery:they hadlaid twoeggs whichhatched intotwo smallbirdsracing aroundnow.As Icrept towardsthebirds,careful notto makeany suddenmovement,they startedtheir croakingagain,6stretchtheir necksforwards sothey seemedlonger andmore threatening.I waswatching themin awewhen Isuddenly trippedand felltotheground.The birdstook this7athreat andthe fatherraced towardsme,spreading hiswings toshield themother andthe chickswhile making8it appearlarger.To them,my appearancewas likelyto be9frighten,so Ileft quickly.I wasamazed bytheir braveactions.It wastheirparental instinctsthat did10wonder andmade themso courageous.It ishard notto beawed bynature.Passage4上,河北唐山•高一校考阶段练习2023Peru is a countryon thePacific coastof SouthAmerica Inthe1400sand1500s,Peru wasthe centreof the1powerancient IncaEmpire.Spain2control Peruinthe16th centuryand ruleduntil
1821.It isfor thisreason3Spanish isthemain officiallanguage ofPeru.In Peru,there aremany placesthat you can visit.A shortflight fromCusco willtake youintotheAmazon rainforest.You canspend threedays4explore therainforestwith alocal guideand enjoyingthe plantsand animalsthat areunique5therainforest.A four-day walkingtour willtake youon amazing6path throughthe AndesMountains on7way tothe cityof MachPicchu.After arrivingat thedestination,you willbegivena dayto visitthe city.The ancientcity willleave youa deepimpression.8especial amazingistheIncas drystone methodof building.Stones9cut byInca buildersto exactsizes sothat nothingwas needed10hold wallstogether otherthan theperfectfit of the stones.Passage5上•四川南充,高一间中中学校考阶段练习2023Light pollutionis aserious problem.This becamecompletely obviouswhen theWorld Atlasof ArtificialNight Sky卫星Brightness,a computer-created mapbased onthousands ofsatellite photos,1publish in
2016.The mapshows howand where2we worldis litup at night.Large areasof NorthAmerica,Europe,and Asiaare发光偏远的glowing withlight,while onlythe mostremote placeson Earthare intotal darkness.Some ofthe mostlight-polluted3country inthe worldare Singapore,Qatar,and Kuwait.Sky glowisthebrightening ofthe nightsky,mostly overcities,because4the electriclights ofcars,streetlamps,offices,factories andbuildings,turning nightinto day.People5live incities withhigh levelsof sky glow havea hardtime6see starsatnight.Scientists are7particularworried aboutsky glowpollution asit influencestheir ability8view space.According toresearch,more980%oftheworlds population,and99%of Americansand Europeans,live underskyglow.It soundspretty,but skyglow10cause byhuman activitiesis oneofthemostcommon formsof lightpollution.Passage6上•广东江门•高一台山市第一中学校考阶段练习2023大堡礁The Great Barrier Reefis oneoftheseven1wonder ofthe naturalworld.Pulling awayfrom itand viewingitfrom agreater distance,youcanunderstand why.The reef,between15kilometers2150kilometers offshore andaround65km widein someparts,isacollection ofcolorful coral3provide diverswith themost excellentunderwater experienceimaginable.A closerencounter withthe GreatBarrier Reefsimpressive coralgardens presentsa numberof4珊瑚，鲸extreme amazingunderwater attractions,which includethe5large gatheringof coralscoral sponges,rays鱼，dolphins,over1,500species oftropical fish,more than2006variety ofbirds,etc.繁殖，The reefis7area forhumpback whalesto breedand isalso ahabitat ofafewendangered speciesincluding theDugongSea Cowand largeGreen SeaTurtle.In recognitionof itssignificance,UNESCO8list theGreatBarrierReef asaWorld HeritageSite in
1981.Because of9it naturalbeauty,both belowand abovethe waterssurface,the reef10become oneoftheworldsmost populartourist destinationsto date.。
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