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141.As soonas BoranBumovich Higniosbare feettouch thesand on the beach,he spreadshis armslike ahelicopter andhappilysays,Lets go surfing!”The7-year-old,wearing a black wetsuit,is followedby adozen otherkids whoskip theirwayinto theblue wavesof thePacific Oceanoff thecoast ofPerus capital,Lima.Boran getshelp with his wetsuitfrom DiegoVillaran,who foundedthe localsurf school.This Peruviansurf schoolispart ofa waveof community-based projectsaround theworld thatuse aperhaps surprisingmethod to help kids:surf therapy（疗法）.The ideais not only aboutcatching wavesto makeuse of the provenmental healthbenefits ofphysical exercise.Thewider goalis tocreate aspace foryoung childrento expressthemselves freely,tohelpteach themhow toprocess theiremotionsand tocreate positive social connections.Limas surftherapy projectis runby AltoPeru,a localnonprofit namedafter theneighborhood in the southof thecitywhere Villardn-its41-year-old founder-and allof thetrainee surferscome from.Many of the childrenin theAlto Peruprogramface challengingsituations.Some parentsare addicted to alcohol.One of the boyshas eventurned upfor lessonswith ablackeye acouple oftimes.Half ofall mental health disordersbegin beforethe ageof14and upto afifth ofteenagers globallyexperience mentalhealthconditions,according tothe WorldMental HealthSurvey Initiative,which conductedface-to-face interviewsin17countries acrossAfrica,Asia,the Americas and Europe.Surf therapy,which coversprojects fromSierra Leoneto Californiaand Trinidad,is seenby advocatesasaconvincingsolution tohelping addressmentalhealthissues amongyoung people.uIt haschanged mylife/9says OmarionButler,19,whobegan surfingwith AltoPeru twoyears ago.When myparents putme downin thepast,it washard forme toexpress myfeelings.But surfingmakes memore confident.It helpsme totake timefor myself.^^
1.What dowe knowabout Boranfrom the first paragraphA.He isgood atflying aplane.B.He feelsexcited togosurfing.C.He ishaving aphysical educationclass.D.He enjoysthe holidaywithhisfamily.
2.What isparagraph3mainly aboutA.The originof surftherapy.B.The tipsfor catchingwaves.C.The purposesof surftherapy.D.The adviceon relationships.
3.What doesthe authorintend todo in paragraph5A.Add somebackground information.B.Summarize theprevious paragraphs.C.Introduce anew topicfor discussion.D.Offer somesuggestions tothe readers.
4.What isOmarion Butlersattitude toAlto PeruA.Unconcerned.B.Unclear.C.Doubtful.D.Favorable.词汇积累bare feet__________________process v.________________positivesocialconnectionsname...after..._be addictedto mentalhealth disorderturnup_______________conduct interviews_____________convincing_______________advocate n.address healthissues favorable（红树林）
2.The shinyleaves andbranching rootsof mangrovesin Australiaare eye-catching,and nowa study朝汐周期）,provides uswith newfindings about the trees.Long-term tidalcycles inlarge part,set in motion theexpansionand contractionof mangroveforests bythe moondrive,researchers reportin ScienceAdvances.This discoveryis keytopredicting whenmangroves aremost likelyto growfast.Mangroves arecoastal trees,which aregood at absorbing carbonand couldhelp fightclimate change,that provide（侵蚀）.habitat forfish andfight againsterosion Butin someplaces,the forestsface plenty of menaces,including coastaldevelopment,pollution andland clearingfor agriculture.Neil Saintilan,an environmentalscientist inSydney,worked outhowthe sizeand thicknessof mangroveforests acrossAustralia changedover time.Saintilan noticeda curiouspattern.Mangrove foreststended toexpand andcontract ina certainmanner.I sawthis33-year regularchange JSaintilan said.（平面）That regularitygot theresearchers thinkingabout the moon.Over thecourse of33years,the planeof the（倾斜）.moons orbitaround Earthslowly tiltsWhen the moons orbitis theleast tiltedrelative tothe equator,semi-diurnal（半日潮）一tides whichconsist oftwo highand lowtides eachday-tend tohave alarger range.Saintilan foundthatmangrove forestsexperiencing semi-diurnal tidestended to be largerand denserprecisely whenhigher tideswere expectedbasedonthemoons orbit,which coulddeliver muchmore water and necessarynutrients tomangroves.It isimportant torecognize thiseffect onmangrove populations.Such knowledgecould informefforts toprotect andrestorethe forests,thus promotingthe growthof thesetrees.That mightlook likeadded limitationson humanactivitynearby thatcould harmthe forests.But peopleshould bemore reactive.
5..Which ofthe followingcan beindicated fromthe newstudy aboutAustralian mangrovesA.They canpredict themotion ofthemoon.B.Their favorablegrowth timeis predictable.C.Their functionsare beyondnormal imagination.D.They dowell intransforming carboninto oxygen.
6.What doesthe underlinedword menaces“probably meanin Paragraph2A.Doubts.B.Threats C.Opportunities.D.Solutions.
7.How doesthemoonaffect mangroves9growth inAustraliaA.By decreasingthe appearanceof lowtides.B.By tiltingfrequently tooffer moretides forthe Earth.C.By drivingtides toprovide beneficialelements forgrowth.D.By generatingsemi-diurnal tidesto reducemangroves soilloss.
8.Which ofthe followingcan bethe besttitle ofthis passageA.Knowledge ofProtecting andStoring Mangroves.B.Research aboutExpansion andContraction ofForests.C.Discovery onthe Causesof Highand LowTides.D.New Findingsabout MoonDrive andMangroves.词汇积累eye-catching_________________set...inmotion_______________expansion________________contraction_______________absorb________________tend todo________________precisely_________________orbit__________________nutrient________________restore_______________reactive_________________function_________________transform______________threat_______________generate________________
3.Are youaddictedtosocial mediaYou maythink youcan quitit anytime youwant,but yourbody andbrainmay notagree.Staying deeplyconnected toyour socialnetworks canbe costly.Researchers tooka lookat hownon-stop socialnetworking canactually changeyour brain.Social mediasites areusedby onethird ofthe globalpopulation,and5—10%are unableto controltheir onlineusage dueto apsychological addiction.Researchers callthis addictiona substanceaddiction,namely,a similareffect ofdrug oralcohol onaddicts.（脑白质）There isa declinein thewhite matterthat controlsemotional processingand decisionmaking,largelybecause social media providesan immediatereward.When youpost somethingonline andsomeone“likes”it,you gettheimmediate reward—peoples praise,and thenyour brainbegins tolong forthese rewards.Its justlike howa drugworks.Researchers alsolooked athow multitaskingaffects thebrain.When youare dealingwith avariety oftasks,devices,and websites,you have to constantlyswitch yourthinking modes,which usuallyleads tothe unbalanceddistribution ofattention.Also,multitasking coulddamage yourability tocommit tomemory.Consider whathappens whenyour phone（振动）.vibrates Youfeel thevibration andnine timesout often,you pullyour phonesout tocheck,which willdistractyou fromwhat youare doing.Of coursethere isnothing wrongwith usingsocial mediato stayin touchwith family,friends,and colleagues,but as（适度）with everythingelse inlife,moderation isthe key.Moderation cannotonlyhelp uson task,but alsohelp controltheside effectsfrom overstimulating ourbrains withsocialmedia,mobile devices,and screentime.
9.Whafs thepurposeof Paragraph1A.To raisea question.B.To givean example.C.To bringup thetopic.D.To makean analysis.
10.Whafs thereason behindpeoples non-stop socialnetworkingA.Their fragilebrain structure.B.The convenientInternet access.C.The pressurefrom fastcity life.D.Their mentaldependence onit.
11.According tothe passage,which ofthe followingoutcomes canmultitasking bringaboutA.An improvementin timemanagement.B.A declinein creativity.C.A decreasein working efficiency.D.An increasein sensibility.
12.What isthe authorsattitude towardssocial mediaA.Objective.B.Doubtful.C.Supportive.D.Critical.词汇积累be addictedto________________quit_________________costly_________________addiction________________addict______________namely________________decline_________________reward______________long for________________distribution_________________constantly_________________device________________side effects__________________commit_________________stimulate_________________fragile________________workingefficiency_____________sensibility_______________objective________________critical_________________supportive_______________
4.In1983,Ski RixenUSA becamethefirstwater skicable park in theUnited States.Located inDeerfield Beach,Florida,the parkoffers ridersa chanceto experienceall kindsof watersports.In thepast40years,Six RixenUSA haswelcomed more than
1.5million visitors.The parkwas thebrainchild ofengineerBruno Rixen.Born in1931in Germany,Rixen grewfrustrated with the sportof water skiing,which requiredpullingby amotor boat.“He usedto waitfor fourhours inline todo threelaps aroundthe lake,“explained AllanWlodarczyk,the managerofSki RixenUSA.He addedthat ridingfive minutesand waitinganother fourhours sparkedRixens idea of cableparks.Rather thanrelying ona boat,Rixen consideredhis owncable way.He alsodesigned skisand set up a power source.“The firstcable wasactually anold farmtractor,“Wlodarczyk said.Rixen tookthe wheelsoff,attached someropes tothewheel disks,and startedpulling peopleback andforth aroundthe lake.Over theyears,Rixen improvedhis designandearned severalpatents.He openedthe worldsfirst commercialcable waterparkin1966in Benidorm,Spain.The sportgrew fromentertainment tointernational contests.Rixen diedin2020,but hisidea hastaken holdaround theworld.Today,there aremorethan500cable waterparks ondifferent continents.Typically,the cabletows ridersataspeedof about20miles perhour.But forbeginners,who cantake lessons,the speedis about15miles perhour.Ski RixenUSA alsooffers ridingopportunities andevents topeople withspecial needsto skieffortlessly.6€We haveaspecially designedski,called asit skiJ Wlodarczyksaid.“Its alarger boardwithalot ofsurface area.The ridersarecompletely seatedin thewateranddont actuallyhavetohold ontothe rope.”
13.What doesthe underlinedword“brainchild“in paragraph2meanA.Idea.B.Area.C.Birthplace D.Destination
14.What didWlodarczyk mainlyintend totell usinparagraph3A.How Rixenprotected thelake.B.How Rixensetupapowersource.C.How muchRixen likedwaterskiing.D.How Rixencreated hiscable waterpark.
15.In whatway isRixen thepioneer ofthe cablewater parkA.He broughtfun tovisitors.B.He inventeda cabletractor.C.He turnedit intoa business.D.He madecables travelfastest.What dowe knowaboutthesit ski
16.A.It iseasy toride.B,It runsextremely quickly.C.It offersa narrowboard.D.It isdangerous forthe riders.词汇积累frustrated sparkthe ideaattachback andforth commercialcabletypically______________effortlessly________________
5.Plant biologistshave founda waythat mayenable poor farmers todo awaywiththeneed topurchaseexpensive hybrid seeds everyyear.Researchers atthe Universityof Californiareport thatthey havesolved along-standing problemof hybrid seeds bymaking exactclones ofthe hybrid plants fromseeds.For long,many cropshave beengrown fromhigh-yielding,anti-disease orclimate-tolerant hybrid seeds.Butthe seedsof hybridcrops donot produceplants withthe samequalities duringreproduction andhence fannerscannotsave theseeds forthe nextgrowing season.They endup payingfor newhybrid seedseach sowingseason.The discovery,long soughtby plantresearchers,could makeit easierto growdesirable high-yielding cropsandmake themavailable tothe worldsfarmers.Farmers couldthus replantseeds from their ownhybrid plantsandenjoy thebenefits ofhigh productionyear afteryear,the scientistsreport.While thediscovery wouldhelp farmers,it wouldalso impactthe commercialinterest ofthe hybridseedindustry.Siddiq,a formerDeputy DirectorGeneral inthe CropScience DivisionoftheICAR,said at first sight,this mightseem likea setbackfor hybridseed companiesbut therewould beplentyofthings theycan stilldo.“Rice isgrown oversuch avast climaticand geographicalrange thatspecialized hybridswould haveto bedeveloped foreachregion Jhe said.The companies,he said,would continueto improvetheir hybrids.It willbe interestingto seehow allthisplays outintheyears tocome.”Cunently,the highcosts ofproducing hybridseeds area majorbarrier tofarmers indeveloping countries,especiallySouth Asiaand Africa.Siddiq saidif efficientlyused,this methodcould potentiallybe agame-changer forpoorfarmers,（后代）who wouldneed topurchase hybridseeds justonce andplant theprogeny seedsfrom theirown harvestin thefollowingseasons.
17.What problemdo theresearchers aimto solveA.Farmers9income.B.Farmers9costs.C.Hybrid seedscloning.D.Hybrid seedsclimate tolerance.
18.What isthe disadvantageofthepresent hybridseedsA.They havea prettylong growthcycle.B.They tendtobeaffected byvarious diseases.C.They havestricter requirementsfor sowingtime.D.They failto reproduceplants withthe samequality.
19.Whafs Siddiqsattitude tothe commercialinterests ofthe hybridseed industryA.Hopeful.B.Concerned.C.Doubtful.D.Anxious.
20.What isthe mainideaofthe textA.The futureofthehybridseedindustry.B・The drawbackof cloninghybridseeds.C.A methodof cloninghybridplantsfromtheirseeds.D.A meansof promotingthe specializedhybridseeds.词汇积累biologist______________do awaywith_______________purchase______________climate-tolerant hencedesirablereproduction______________commercial______________atfirstsight_______________setback______________specialize________________currently________________barrier________________efficiently________________potentially_______________tolerance_______________requirement________________drawback_______________第页，共页88。
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