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一、beof+名词，人动词・cd形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语
一、核心单词讲解Lsurviva.生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物
②动词-ed形式短语作定语时，通常要放在被修饰的名词的后面，在意思上相当于一个定语从句及物动词的过去分词作定语用来表示被动，可改为带被动语态的定语从句;不及物动词的过去分词仅限于单个过去分词,且不能后置则表示完成,可改为带有完成时态的定语从句I wasborn in a smallvillage suurrouridedby mountains=which issurrounded bymountains,我出生在一座四面环山的小村庄I dranksome boiledwater=water whichhad boiledand carriedon conductingmy experiment.我喝了一些白开水后继续做实验
二、动词-ed形式作状语多数动词-ed形式作状语时表示被动和完成，其作用相当于状语从句或and连接的并列结构，在句中作时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随状语Asked二When hewas askedwhether hecould dome afavor,he agreedreadily.当问他是否能帮我一个忙时，他欣然答应了Written=Because it was writtenin ahurry,this articlewas notso good.因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好Given=If Iam givenanother hour,I canwork outthis toughproblem.再给我一个小时，我就能解出这道难题归纳拓展动词-ed形式作状语⑴有些动词-ed形式因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表被动而表状态常见的词或短语有seated,surprised,excited,frightened,shocked,confused,annoyed,embarrassed,be lostin,be dressedin,be devotedto,be addictedto,be facedwith,beused/accustomed to等Dressed ina fancyevening dress,she wasthe starof theparty thatevening.她穿着华丽的晚礼服，成为那天晚会的明星Lost inthought,he almostran intoa tree.他陷入沉思，差点撞到一棵树上⑵把状语从句改为过去分词作状语时，有时还可保留连词，构成“连词+过去分词”结构作状语，即“whilewhen/once/until/if/though等连词+过去分词”结构如Though wounded,the bravesoldier continued to fight.虽然受伤了，但那个勇敢的士兵依然继续作战When askedwhat hadhappened,he loweredhis head.当问他发生了什么事的时候，他低下了头归纳拓展独立主格结构动词-ed形式作状语时，其逻辑主语和句子主语一致如果-ed形式动词的逻辑主语和句子主语不一致时，则用“名词/代词+动词-ed”的独立主格结构Her shirtcaught ona nail,she couldnot move.她的衬衫被钉子钩住了，她动不了The boylay on his back,his handscrossed underhis head.男孩仰卧着,双手交叉放在头下
三、动词-ed形式作宾语补足语
1.能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词，表示被动意义或已完成意义，有时候两者兼而有之作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象Because of the deadlydisease,they hadthe surveyconducted online.由于致命疾病，他们是在网上做的调查
2.可以用动词-ed形式作宾语补足语的常见动词1动词-ed形式可作表示感觉和心理状态的动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括see,hear,watch,notice,feel,find,think,suppose,consider等Wed liketo seethe problemsettled assoon aspossible.我们希望看到这个问题尽快得到解决2动词-ed形式可作使役动词的宾语补足语，这类动词包括make,get,have,keep,leave,hold等I havemy haircut oncea month.我每个月理一次发归纳拓展“have+宾语+done三重意义
①请人把某事做完She hadher houserepaired.她请人把屋子修好了
②遭遇某种意外情况He hadhis hatblown awayonhisway home.在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了
③完成某事自己也可能参与He hadthe calculationerrors correctedwhile checkingthe accounts.核对账目时,他把计算错误更正过来了3动词-ed形式可作表示希望、要求、命令等动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括like,want,wish,expect,order等He wontlike suchquestions discussedat the meeting.他不喜欢在会议上讨论这样的问题*We wantthe actof kindnesspassed on.我们希望这种善举能传递下去4动词-ed形式用在“with+宾语+宾语补足语”的结构中All theafternoon heworked in the housewith the door locked.整个下午他都锁着门在房子里工作归纳拓展动词的-ed形式可以在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型中充当宾语补足语在这一结构中，动词-ed形式和它前面的宾语构成逻辑上的被动关系如果这种句子改为被动语态，原来的宾语补足语则变成主语补足语I mustget mybike repaired.我必须请人修理我的自行车宾语补足语The girlwas foundbeaten blackand blue.人们发现那女孩被打得青一块紫一块主语补足语六2考点
一、核心单词语法填空I单词拼写
1.Rainforests havetheir ownperfect systemfor ensuringtheir own（生存）.
2.I had（打算）to watchthe footballmatch lastnight,but Ihad animportant thingto do.
3.In myview,high schoolstudents shouldhave abalanced dietand eatmore fruitand vegetables,which canbe（有益的）to theirhealth.
4.The guide（弓I导）us aroundthe ruinsof theancient city.
5.If amom faces（致命的）threats onher child,she willfight angrily.
6.The astronautsare conductinga seriesof（实验）to learnmore abouthow thebody adaptsto weightlessness.
7.It was an unpopulardecision to（推迟）building thenew hospital.
1.1t is not easyto draw a conclusionwithout（足够的）evidence.
9.Let megive anotherexample to（阐明）this difficultpoint.
10.Its muchmore convenientto payby（信用）card thanin cash.II单句语法填空
1.（2023上•四川成都•高一成都外国语学校校考阶段练习）After theterrible accident,his onlychance of（survive）was ahearttransplant.（）
2.This bookintend for the generalreaders ratherthan the students.（）
3.He movedto thecountryside with the intendof leadinga peacefullife.
4.（2023上•重庆•高一重庆市南华中学校校考阶段练习）I thinkthe systemwhich theman（refer）to at themeetingwasvery modern.
5.（2023上•福建泉州•高一福建省泉州市泉港区第一中学校联考阶段练习）Everyone cando something（benefit）to theenvironment.（）
6.To return to the problem ofwater pollution,Kd likeyou to look at a studyconduct inAustralia in
2021.（）
7.The childrengrew upin beautifulsurround butnot ina happyhome environment.
8.I realizedI shouldtry tosurround myselfcreative people.
9.（2023上•黑龙江牡丹江•高一牡丹江市第二高级中学校考阶段练习）Forms willbe availablein schooland onlinefor（）them indicatetheir choicesand returnto school.（）
10.He spokeinatemperate manner,not favoreither sideespecially.
11.My sisterwas againstmy suggestionwhile mybrother was in favorit.
12.I didntunderstand whythis wouldhappen andmy credit card hadalready beencharged thereservation.
13.Im incharge allthe admissionsof students in theuniversity.（）
14.Why notcone andenjoy theatmosphere ofour festivalat thevery beginningof DecemberYour involvewill bewarmlywelcomed.
15.She hadmanaged topull herselftogether and,her credit,continuedtolook uponlife asa positiveexperience.
16.All thecan inperson orby letterand at the sametime shouldhand in their beforeMay6th.（apply）
17.She saidsuch argumentsignore thequestion ofwhere ultimateresponsibility lay.
18.When Iwent through the procedureagain,I foundsome detailsignore.
19.The institutionwould onlyconsider sellingworks byliving artistswith theirpermit.
20.He thathe wouldput humanson Marsin lessthan adecade,but hisproved unrealistic.declare2点
二、重点词块选词填空选词填空可适当改变形式let sb.down refer to pay off by accident drawonspeed upin favor of put forward as to through trial and errorl.The presidentspoke at the businessmeeting fornearly anhour withouthis notes.
2.If everythingabout himis,is hegoingto agefaster
3.His effortswhen thegirl finallyaccepted hisproposal.
1.1found thekey to thedoorwhen Iwas cleaningthe room.
5.Those whoare the project,please raiseyour hands.
6.He isvery uncertainwhether itsthe rightjob fbrhim.
7.Jack somegreat ideasat themeeting,but none of themwere accepted.
8.Parents havealso learnedwhat worksand whatdoesnt.
9..Perhaps thenext generationof scientists,the wisdomof traditional Chinese medicine,willme whenyou didntwin theprize.indeed discovermore medicinesbeneficial toglobal healthcare.
1.He of the idea.序数词+不定式lO.You他是第一个想到这个主意的人点
三、重点句型完成句子
2.this passageinto English.（It is+adj,+to do）把这篇文章翻译成英语很困难
3.Leo hurriedthere,only toJ；flnd+宾语+宾语补足语）利奥匆匆赶到那里,结果却发现他们都出去了
4.As awhole,theprojectwill tothe region.（be of+名词）总体来看，这个项目将对该地区大有好处
5.1can effectivelywith others,independently.not only...but also我不但能与他人有效合作，而且能独立工作点
四、重点语法单句语法填空
1.The girlselect fromthestudentswas veryhard-working.
2.The project,design tohelp thestudentsinneed,didnt workout asplanned.
3.The exhibitionsponsor byseveral famouscompanies turnedout to be a great success.
4.An estimate1,600ships passthroughthestrait everyyear.
5.Dont worry.Ill havethe articletype andget someoneto sendit toyou tomorrow.
6.He oftenhas informationdownload fromthe Internetand makesfull useof it.
7.With hiseyes focuson theblack board,he didntnotice theflying birdsoutside.
8.The girllikes readingbooks ofall kindsand hasa top10reading listand tryto keepit update.
9.surround bymany people,this spokesmanmade aninspiring speech.
10.2023上•山东济宁•高一嘉祥县第一中学校考阶段练习base onpersonal experience,the bookI readyesterday ishighlythought of.
11.2023上•广东东莞,高二校联考阶段练习absorb inher book,Jane didntnotice aboy slipout of the classroom.combine withgood marketing,technological innovationswill promotethe salesof
12.these products.[fl能力提升
一、阅读理解2023上•江苏•高一校联考阶段练习Stephanie Louise Kwolek wasborn inthe smalltown ofNewKensington,Pennsylvania,in
1923.Her parentswere immigrantsfrom Poland.Stephanies schoolwas sosmall thattwogrades weretaught inone classroom.She wasan excellentreader withagreatmemory.She wasalso verygood atmath.The olderkids inher classgot annoyedwhen sheknew answersthat they didnt.Stephanies loveof learningcame fromher father.Every nightwhen hecame homefrom work,he sat and reada bookornewspaper.He encouragedStephanie toexplore the great outdoors.Together,they oftenwalked inthe woods,collectingleaves,flowers,and seeds.Stephanies mother,a seamstress女裁缝,inspired Stephaniescreativity.She copiedhermothers patternsto makecostumes forpaper dolls.Sometimes,she usedthe sewingmachine whenher motherwasntlooking.Stephanie likedworking withfabric织物,and shewas goodat it.She thoughtabout acareer infashion design.As Stephaniegrew older,she decidedshe wantedto usescience tohelp people and decidedto becomea doctor.Shestudied chemistryin college,but whenshe graduated,she couldntafford togo tothe medicalschool.Instead,she gota jobasa chemistattheDuPont Companyto earnher tuitionfees.The jobwas supposedto betemporary,but Stephaniefell inlovewith itand neverlooked back.Her workat DuPontcombined herchildhood loveof scienceand fabricwith herinterestin helpingpeopleandsolving problems,and hercreations wouldchange theworld.At DuPont,Stephanie inventedKevlar fiber.Its fivetimes strongerthan steel.Kevlar fiberis nowused inmore than200products,including spacecraftand bulletproofvest防弓单衣.Stephanies inventionhas savedcountlesslives.She spenther liferesearching andteaching peopleabout herwork,and wasa strongadvocate forwomen insciencearound theworld.
1.Which wordcan bestdescribe StephanieLouiseKwolekasachildA.Popular.B.Friendly.C.Smart.D.Hard-working.
2.What dowe knowabout StephaniesparentsA.Stephanies fatherused totake herto fieldtrips.B.Stephanies mothertaught herto usesewing machines.C.They encouragedStephanie towork infashion design.D.They movedto Poland to sendStephanie toa betterschool.
3.Why didStephanie workattheDuPont Companyinthe first placeA.To savemore people/s lives.B.To studythe scienceof fabric.C.To solvetheproblemof fiber.D.To makemoney forher education.
4.What isthe besttitle ofthe textA.Stephanies contribution to scienceB.Women scientists influence onthe worldC.The advantagesof Kevlarfiber inthe warD.The popularityof Stephaniesinvention indaily life二.完形填空（2023上,浙江宁波•高一校考阶段练习）Stephen Hawkingwas oneofthemost famousscientistsinthiscentury.The disabledwriter of4Brief History of Timevisited Chinafor threetimes.His first]wasin
1985.On hissecondjourney toChina,thegreattheoretical scientistwas invitedto2a mathematicsresearch instituteat ZhejiangUniversity.Onthat Sundayevening,be madehis appearanceat apress conference3at Shangri-La Hotel,Hangzhou.Hawking4at about5:00pm withhis wife.The elderlyman answereda totalof nine5with thehelp ofhis computer.Z1find thereal universemuchmore6than theone inthe filmStar Wars/Hawking joked.zzl7young peopleto studytheoretical physicsfirst iftheyare interestedin it.〃But thetalented mansuffers from8motor neurondisease（运动神经元病）.The disease9over100,000people everyyear.zzl likelife andI lovelife.My family,and musicgive methe10happiness/smiled Hawking,who could11move twofingers.In thespeech.Hawking saidhe12to writea newedition ofA BriefHistoryof Time foryoung children.A BriefHistoryofTimeis myfirst bookfor13people.But ILater foundthat Icould writeit ina14way.he answered.So Idecidedto rewriteit sothat allpeople canread iteasily/Unfortunately,he15us foreveron March14,
2018.
1.A.visit B.vacation C.country D.city
2.A.study B.develop C.attend D.work
3.A.made B.held C.covered D.proved
4.A.appeared B.associated C.advanced D.approached
5.A.specialists B.questions C.listeners D.journalists
6.A.dangerous B.disturbing C.terrible D.interesting
7.A.inspire B.amuse C.behave D.entertain
8.A.false B.serious C.unbelievable D.poor
9.A.affects B.spreads C.kills D.saves
10.A.greatest B.saddest C.worst D.least
11.A.hardly B.gently C.fully D.only
12.A.forced B.delivered C.planned D.failed
13.A.common B.scientific C.honored D.wealthy
14.A.proper B.simple C.difficult D.technical
3.refer to查阅渗考;提到，谈及，提交;指的是refer to...as...把……称为把……提交给2reference机提及;涉及;参考;参考书for reference以备查阅;以供参考lbe limitedto限定在
12.favour比较喜欢;偏袒;有助于九帮助，好事;赞同;偏袒lask afavorof sb.请某人帮忙/照顾do afavor forsb.二do sb.a favour给某人恩惠，帮某人忙in onesfavor对某人有利in favorof支持，赞同2favorite〃力•.最喜爱的3favorable Q的.有利的;良好的;赞成的
14.by accident偶然;意外地表示“偶然的词语”by chance偶然;意外地碰巧by coincidencehappento dosth.碰巧做某事accidentally adv.意外地耦然地
15.far from远非far from+n./adj.far离・・・・・.很远;远离;远非・・・from doingsth.决不会做某事far fromit完全相反;远非如此远far fromsatisfactory不能令人满意远非完美far fromperfect
16.show off显示,展示;炫耀，卖弄show sb.around带某人参观show up暴露,显露;到场，露面show sb.in/out带某人进来/出去
19.apply应.应用;申请滁;有关lapply tosb.forsth.（向某人）申请某事把……应用于apply sth.toapply tosb./sth.适用于/运用于2application机请求;申请;申请表;应用apply oneselfto doingsth.集中精力于/专注于做某事3applicant机申请人lin ignoranceof对……不知道2ignore以忽视;对……不予理睬3ignorant adj.不了解的;无知的,愚昧的be ignorantof对……不知道，不了解
1.1ignorance〃•无知take...seriously认真对待
22.permit vt.vi.允许，准许，许可;使有可能〃,许可证permit sb.to dosth.允许某人做某事if timepermits如果时间允许2permission九［U］允许，许可，批准have permissionto dosth.获得许可做某事with onespermission/with thepermissionof sb.在某人的许可/准许下without permission未经许可
（2）declaration n.声明,宣布;公告，宣言
24.put forward提出，提议，建议;推荐;将・・・・・・提前;将（钟表等）向前拨putaside储存；（把……）撇开不理；不考虑；放下正在做的事；留出put...away把……收拾好；储存put（...）down（把……）放下；写下；平息（叛乱等）put off推迟；除去；消除put on穿上（衣服）；戴上（帽子等）；上演（戏剧等）put out伸出（手、脚等）；扑灭put through接通电话put up修建；举起；抬起；张贴；（为……）提供食宿；提高（价钱）
15.let sb.down使某人失望calm...down（使）平静下来;（使）镇定下来set...down记下;放下;登记get downtodoing sth.开始（做）某事look downon/upon看不起turn down关小;拒绝settle down定居;平静下来;专心于come down下来，降落take down记下;卸下die down平静下来;逐渐消失cut down削减;删节pass down流传
二、重点词块速记
1.speed up（使）加速
2.payoff成功;奏效;达到目的
3.throughtrialanderror反复试验
4.make adifference有影响，有关系
5.a knowledgeof某一方面的知识
6.die of死于
1.1ntend to do...想要做……
8.referto蓼有
9.day andnight夜以继日
10.be beneficialto有益于1l.byaccident偶然;意外地
12.far from远非
13.let sb.down使某人失望
14.asto至于，关于
16.putforward提出，提议，建议
20.thanks to由于，幸亏
21.make upones mind某人下定决心
22.turnto致力于;开始行动
三、重点句型剖析
1.Tu Youyouhas becomethefirstfemale scientistofthePeoples Republicof Chinato receivea NobelPrize,awarded forhercontributiontothe fightagainst malaria,oneofthe deadliestdiseases inhuman history.（序数词+不定式）屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国首位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家,因为她在抗击人类历史上最致命的疾病之———疟疾方面做出了贡献
2.Tus educationwas soonto proveveryuseful.（be todo）屠呦呦接受的教育很快被证明非常有用
3.She completedfurther trainingcourses intraditionalChinesemedicine,acquiring abroad knowledgeof bothtraditionalChinese medicineand Westernmedicine.（现在分词作状语）她完成了中医领域的培训课程深造，获得了广泛的中西医知识
4.Inspired byan over1,600-year-old textabout preparingqinghao extractwith coldwater,Tu redesignedthe experimentsandtried extractingthe herbatalow temperaturein ordernot todamage itseffective part.（过去分词作状语）受1600多年前记载用冷水制备青蒿提取物的文献启发,屠呦呦重新设计了实验方法，并尝试用低温提取,以免损伤青蒿的有效成分
5.To speedup theprocess andensure itssafety,Tu andher teamvolunteered totest qinghao extract onthemselves first.（不定式作状语）为了加快进度并保证其安全性,屠呦呦和她的团队自愿先在他们自己身上试验青蒿提取物
6.The storygoes likethis:Frank!in hadfound lightninginteresting foryears,believing itwas actuallyelectricity,（find的宾语补足语）故事是这样的:多年来，富兰克林发现闪电很有趣，他认为它实际上是电
7.The firstway inwhich scienceis ofvalue isfamiliar toeveryone:scientific knowledgeenables usto doand makeallkinds ofthings.（be of+九）科学体现价值的第一种方式对每个人而言都耳熟能详:科学知识让我们能够做各种各样的事,造不同种类的东西
8.Of course,if wemake goodthings,it isnot onb.tothe credit ofscience;it isalso tothecreditofthemoral choicewhichled usto goodwork.（not only...also…）当然,如果我们做了好事，不仅归功于科学，还归功于引导我们行善的道德选择
9.With moreknowledge comesa deeper,more wonderfulmystery,inspiring onetolookdeeper still.完全彳到装随新知而来的是更深刻、更精妙的奥秘，激励我们更深入地去探究10It isour responsibilityas scientists,knowing thegreat progressthat isthe fruitof freedomof thought,to declarethevalue ofthis freedom;to teachhow doubtisnotto befeared butto bewelcomed anddiscussed;andtodemand thisfreedomas ourduty toall cominggenerations.Ifs+n.+to do作为科学家我们深知伟大的进步是思想自由的成果,我们有责任阐明这种自由的价值;我们有责任教导人们怀疑不可怕,它值得欢迎和探讨;我们更有责任强烈要求拥有这一自由,这就是我们对后世的义务
10.Now,we scientiststake itfor grantedthat itis perfectlypossible tolive andnot know.take itfor grantedthat...如今,我们科学家理所当然地认为，生而有所不知是完全有可能的重点句型
1.be likelyto be...教材原句The trialson patientswere likelytobepostponed becausetheydidnot havesufficient safetydata.因为他们没有充足的安全数据,在病人身上进行试验有可能推迟分析be likelyto dosth.意为“很可能做某事”be likelyto dosth.可以转换成It is/was likelythat...归纳拓展It is likely/possible/probable that...A/It is possiblefor sb.to dosth.Ysb./sth.islikelyto dosth.Ysb./sth.ispossible/probable to dosth.xlikely既可用人又可用物作主语;possible和probable作表语时不能用人或物作主语
2.It is+形容词+不定式教材原句However,itwashard toproduce enoughqinghaoextractfor largetrials becauseresearch resourceswerelimited.然而，由于研究资源有限，很难生产足够的青蒿提取物用于大规模试验分析“Itis+形容词+不定式”结构其中It是形式主语,不定式短语是真正的主语拓展延伸在“It is/was+^4/.for/ofsb.+to dosth.”结构中,for前面的形容词通常是difficult,necessary,important,quick,easy等,这些形容词多与事物的特征有关而of前面的形容词常常是wise,kind,stupid,silly,bright,nice,good等，这些形容词常与人的性格特点有关归纳延伸It作形式主语的常见句型lIt is+M/.+for/ofsb.to dosth.2Tt is+〃次加.+that从句3It isno good/use doingsth.做某事是没有好处/用处的4It is+过去分词+that从句
3.find+宾语+宾语补足语The storygoes likethis:Franklin hadfound lightninginteresting foryears,believing itwas actuallyelectricity.故事是这样的:多年来，富兰克林发现闪电很有趣，他认为它实际上是电分析“find+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，其中充当宾语补足语的可以是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词等拓展延伸在find的复合结构中我们还常常采用“find+it+形容词/名词+todo”的形式
4.be of+名词The firstway inwhich scienceis ofvalue isfamiliar toeveryone:scientific knowledgeenables ustodoand makeall kindsofthings.科学体现价值的第一种方式对每个人而言都耳熟能详:科学知识让我们能够做各种各样的事,造不同种类的东西归纳拓展一览“be o件名词”结构Ifbe of+名词”结构可用来说明主语在度量、大小、颜色、类别等方面的特征这类名词有colour,age,size,height,weight,shape,type,kind,quality等，名词前可用different,the same,an等修饰2be of后可接help,value,use,importance,significance,interest,benefit等抽象名词，用来说明主语所具有的作用、重要性或意义，其意义相当于其同根形容词，这类名词前可用great,much,little,any,some,no等修饰be ofgreat importance=be veryimportant非常重要be ofgreat value=be veryvaluable价值很大be ofno use=be useless/be notuseful没有用处重点语法动词-ed形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语
一、动词-ed形式作定语
1.含义1大多数动词-ed形式作定语时，既表被动又表完成如:iced beer冰啤酒,cooked food熟食2少数及物动词的-ed形式只表被动，不表完成如:spoken English英语口语,written English英语书面语3不及物动词的-ed形式只表完成，不表被动如:fallen leaves落叶,a retiredteacher一位退休教师2,位置1前置定语单个动词-ed形式，一般放在被修饰的名词的前面，作前置定语The injureddriver=the driverwho wasinjured wassent tothe hospitalimmediately.受伤的司机立刻被送往医院Lost time=time whichis lostcan neverbe foundagain.虚度的时光无法挽回⑵后置定语
①少数单个动词_ed形式，如left等，只能作后置定语The booksleft arefor mystudents.剩下的书是给我的学生的。
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