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第讲语法填空提升讲解04精讲语法填空提升语法填空是一种综合性较强的题型,主要考查考生对语法知识和词汇知识的运用能力以下是一些提升语法填空的要点讲解
一、题型特点与要求语法填空通常会给出一篇短文,文中有个空这些空可能需要填入一个单词(包括实词和虚词),有的可io能是根据所给单词的适当形式填空它既考查语法规则,如时态、语态、从句引导词、词性转换等,也考查对上下文语境的理解,需要考生在理解文意的基础上正确运用语法知识
二、知识要点讲解(一时态和语态
9、时态1()首先要明确不同时态的构成和基本用法1例如,一般现在时(主语+动词原形/第三人称单数形式)常用于表示经常发生的动作、客观事实和真理等(太阳从东方升起)”就是一般现在时的典型例子,这里描述的是一个客观事实“The sunrises in the east.()做题时要根据时间状语和上下文语境来判断时态如果文中出现等时间状语,一般2“yesterday”“la§t night”要用一般过去时;而如果出现等词引导的时间状语,很可能要用现在完成时比如since^for“I havelived(自从年我就住在这个城市)in thiscity since
2010.
2010、语态2()主要有主动语态和被动语态当主语是动作的执行者时,用主动语态;当主语是动作的承受者时,用被动1语态被动语态的基本结构是过去分词,“be+例如(这本书是一位著名作家写的),这里是“The bookwas writtenby afamous author.“book”“write”这个动作的承受者,所以用被动语态()从句引导词
2、名词性从句3包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句引导词有(无意义,在从句中不充当成分,只起连that接作用)、(“是否”的意思)和各种疑问代词/副词(如等)if/whether what,who,when,where,why,how例如,在宾语从句、(我不知道他去哪儿了)”中,引导一个宾语从句,“I donknow wherehe went.“where”并且在从句中作地点状语()定语从句1关键是要确定先行词(被修饰的名词或代词)和关系词(引导定语从句的词)之间的关系关系词分为关系代词(which,that,who,whom,whose)和关系副词(when,where,why)如果先行词是表示人,且在从句中作主语或宾语,可用who或that;如果先行词是表示物,且在从句中作主语或宾语,可用which或thato例如“The boywho/that helpedme yesterdayis myclassmate.(昨天帮助我的那个男孩是我的同学)”,这里先行词“boy”是人,在从句中作主语,所以可以用或“who that”()状语从句2根据从句表达的不同意义,可分为时间状语从句(引导词有等)、条件状语从when,while,as,after,before句(等)、原因状语从句(等)等例如,在条件状语从句if,unless because,as,since“If itrains tomorrow,we will(如果明天下雨,我们就待在家里)”中,引导条件状语从句,表示主句动作发生的条件stay at home.“iP、词性转换4这要求考生熟悉各种词性的基本构成和用法例如,形容词变副词一般是在形容词词尾加・ly,但也有一些特殊情况,如“true・truly”“happy-happily”当句子中需要修饰动词、形容词或其他副词时,要用副词如(他跑得很快)”,修“He runsquickly.“quickly”饰动词“runs”名词和动词之间也可以相互转换例如,(动词,发展)”可以转换为(名词,发展)develop^development在句子.(科技的发展改变了我们的生活)”“The developmentof scienceand technologyhas changedour lives中,就需要用名词形式、冠词、介词和代词5()冠词1冠词分为不定冠词(a/an)和定冠词(the)不定冠词表示泛指,“a”用于以辅音音素开头的单词前,“an”用于以元音音素开头的单词前例如(一本书)%(一个苹果)定冠词表示特指,或者用于上“a book“an apple“the”文已经提到过的事物、独一无二的事物等如(太阳正明亮地照耀着)儿“The sunis shiningbrightly.()介词2有很多固定搭配例如,“in+年/月/季节”(in2024,in December,inwinter),“on+具体日期/星期几(onDecember19th,onThursday),“at+具体时刻“(at80doek)还有一些动词和介词的搭配,如look at(看)”,(听)”等“listen to()代词3包括人称代词(I,you,he,she,it,we,they等)、物主代词(my,your,his,her,its,our,their等)、反身代词(myself,等)等在句子中要根据具体的语境和指代关系来正确使用代词例如yourself,himself“He hurthimself when(他跑步的时候伤到自己了)”,这里是反身代词,表示动作的承受者是主语本身he wasrunning.“himselP
(二)解题步骤和技巧、通读全文1在开始填空之前,先快速通读短文,了解文章的大致内容、主题和文体(记叙文、说明文还是议论文等)这有助于把握文章的语境和逻辑关系、分析句子结构2对于每个空,要仔细分析句子结构,判断所缺部分在句子中充当的成分(主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语等)例如,如果句子缺少谓语动词,就需要考虑时态和语态;如果缺少定语,可能要填一个形容词或定语从句引导词、结合语境和语法知识填空3根据上下文语境和语法规则来确定要填的单词如果是根据所给单词的适当形式填空,要注意单词的词性变化和语法要求例如,所给单词是“success,如果需要一个形容词来修饰名词,就应该填“successful”
4、检查核对填完所有的空后,要再次通读全文,检查语法是否正确,单词拼写是否有误,以及所填单词是否符合语境和逻辑
(三)语法填空的做题步骤是什么?以下是语法填空的详细做题步骤、通读全文,理解大意1目的这是做题的第一步,也是非常关键的一步通过快速浏览文章,了解文章的主题、体裁(如记叙文、说明文、议论文等)和大致内容,为后续填空建立一个整体的语境基础操作方式阅读时,不要过于纠结文中的空格,重点关注文章的开头、结尾以及每段的首句,这些部分通常能帮助你把握文章的主旨和脉络例如,如果是一篇记叙文,你可以快速确定故事的主人公、事件发生的背景和大致经过等、分析句子结构,确定词性和语法功能2目的仔细观察每个空格所在的句子,确定空格处所需单词的词性(名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、介词、冠词等)和语法功能(作主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语等)、操作方式3找句子的主干部分,即主语和谓语例如,在句子”()中,先找到谓walk in the park,I sawa beautifulflower.“语“saw”,再分析句子结构可以知道,空格处的词应该是一个非谓语动词,且与主语“I”构成逻辑上的主谓关系,所以可能是“Walking”根据句子中的其他成分来进一步确定空格处的词性如果空格后是一个名词,且空格处的词用来修饰这个名词,那么这个词很可能是形容词;如果空格前是一个动词,且这个动词需要一个副词来修饰其动作的方式、程度等,那么空格处可能是副词、结合语法规则和上下文语境填空4目的根据已确定的词性和语法功能,结合语法知识(如时态、语态、从句、词性转换等规则)和上下文的语义线索来确定要填入的单词、操作方式5()语法规则方面1如果确定空格处需要一个动词,且根据时间状语或上下文判断是一般过去时,就要使用动词的过去式例如,文章中有这个时间状语,空格处又是一个谓语动词,就应该考虑使用过去式形式“yesterday”对于从句,要根据先行词和从句在句中的作用来选择合适的引导词如在定语从句中,如果先行词是“人”且在从句中作主语,可选择或作为引导词“who”“that”考虑词性转换若空格处需要一个形容词来修饰名词,而所给的是一个名词形式的单词,就需要将其转换为形容词例如,给出单词“beauty”,要修饰名词“scenery”,则应填入“beautiful”()上下文语境方面2注意文章中的指代关系如果前文提到了一个人或事物,后面再次提及并需要一个代词来指代时,要根据具体的单复数、性别等情况选择合适的代词(如、、、等)he sheit they关注逻辑关系词像表示转折,表示并列,表示原因等根据这些逻辑关系来选择合适的“but”“and”“because”单词填空,使句子在语义上通顺连贯例如,“He isrich,but heis nothappy.(他很富有,但他不开心)”,通过这个转折词可以确定前后句的语义关系“but”()检查答案,确保语法和语义正确3目的对填入的单词进行检查,确保整个句子的语法正确、单词拼写无误,并且填入后的内容在文章的语境中逻辑通顺、语义完整操作方式检查语法方面,包括时态是否一致、语态是否正确、从句结构是否完整合理、词性是否符合句子要求等例如,检查一个被动语态的句子,要确保过去分词”的结构完整,并且动词的时态正确“be+“be”检查语义方面,将填入单词后的句子放入原文中通读,看是否符合文章的主题和上下文的逻辑关系如果发现填入某个单词后句子意思变得奇怪或者不符合逻辑,就需要重新考虑答案
三、语法填空提升精练试题评卷人得分
一、语法填空24-25高二上・重庆,期中阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容1个单词或括号内单词的正确形式To fostera deeperunderstanding ofscience amongchildren,an innovativeeducational programis makingitsrounds acrossrural areasin China.On theplayground ofa townschool inTanghe countyin CentralChinas HenanProvince,a busfull ofscience kidsstops by.It quicklydraws acrowd ofpupils eagerto explore]is inside,sparking theircuriosity.A momentlater,several robotsare carefullyunloaded fromthe busand begindancing withconsistent human-likemoves.The childrenwatch cheerfully,bursting2laughter,and therobots3gentle extendtheir handsto invitethem tojoin the dance.The buswas nota performancegroup ofany kind,but amobile scienceclass jointlyorganized bythe MinistryofEducation,the ChinaScience andTechnology Museumand asocial mediaplatform,4aim tosow theseeds ofpassionfor scienceand amongchildren in the countrysvast rural areas.Lv Guofan,chairman of the HenanAssociation forScience andTechnology,says thatruralareas5face with asevere shortageof equipmentand qualifiedteachers for scientific education.6recognize ofthis challengehas driventheseorganizations tocreate hands-on science7opportunity forthese students.Since February,scientists,science educatorsand sciencemuseum staff,most ofwhom arevolunteers,8walk into18town schoolsintheGuangxi Zhuangautonomous region and Henanand Gansuprovinces.In Maylast year,theMinistry ofEducation andother departmentsreleased adocument9strengthen scientificeducation inprimary andsecondaryschools,promising toensure thata moresound systemwill bein placein threeto fiveyears.This initiativereflects10growing commitmentto creatingequal chancesforscientificlearning acrossurban andruralareas.评卷人得分
二、、语法填空24-25高二上•四川眉山・期中阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式Its about250miles fromthe hillsof west-central Iowato Ehlershome inMinnesota.During thelong triphome,11follow aweekend ofhunting,Ehlers thoughtabout thesmall doghe hadseen tremblingalongside theroad.He hadtried to哄coax the dog tohim but,frightened,it hadrun off.Back home,Ehlers wastroubled bythat12lose dog.So,four dayslater,he calledhis friendGreg,and thetwodrove back.After13long andcareful search,Greg saw,across afield,the dogmoving14cautious away.Ehlerseventually15success incoaxing theanimal tohim.16nervous andfear werereplaced withjoy.It juststarted licking舔Ehlers face.A localfarmer toldthem the dog17sound likeone advertisedas lostinthelocal paper.The adhad aphone numberfora townin southernMichigan.Ehlers calledthe numberof Jeffand Lisato tellthem he18find theirdog.Jeff hadhuntedin Iowabefore Thanksgivingwith hisdog,Rosie,but thegun shotshad scaredthedogoff.Jeff searchedin vainforRosie inthe nextfour days.Ehlers returnedto Minnesota,and thendrove100miles toMinneapolis toput Rosieonaflight toMichigan.“Itsgood toknow there9s stillsomeone outthere19cares enoughto goto thatkind oftrouble/9says Lisaof Ehlers,rescue effort.“I figuredwhoever lostthedogwas probablyjust asclose toit asI amto mydogs Jsays Ehlers.If ithad beenmy评卷人得分
三、语法填空dog,Id hopethat somebodywould bewilling20go thatextra mile.”24-25高二上・湖南•期中阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式Li Baislove ofreading andtravelling froman earlyage contributedto hisromantic style.By readingbooks ofallkinds,from legendsto historicalstories,he familiarized21he withclassical Chineseculture,and moreimportantly,heacquired the22wise ofprevious generations.Even themost uninformedreader wouldnot fail23impress bythe poefsrichimagination.The moonand starsinthesky,the naturallandscape andthe24figure inlegends allbecome avehiclefor hisimagination.Equally impressiveis Li Bais free expression of strong feelings,25breathes vitalityinto thelifelessobjects hedescribes,and whichdistinguishes him26other landscapepoets.These featuresare inseparablefrom Li Baiswide useof exaggeration,metaphor andother artistictechniques.With hisextraordinary imagination,freeexpressionofstrongfeelings andmastery oflanguage,LiBaiis27widerecognized asthe greatestromantic poetafter QuYuan.Generations ofpoets,both inChina28abroad,owe adebt tohis inspirationalpoems.One suchpoet isEzra Pound,a20th-century Americanpoet.He29fascinate byLiBaispoems andtranslated someof themin his1915poetry collection30entitle Cathay.Today LiBais
四、语法填空评卷人得分poetry continuesto beenjoyed bycountless readersaround theworld.高二上•内蒙古赤峰•期中阅读下面短文,在空白处填入个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式24-251大暑,The traditionalChinese solarcalendar dividesthe yearinto24solar terms.Major Heatthe12th solartermof theyear,begins thisyear onJuly22and endson August
6.During Major Heat,most partsof Chinaenter the31hot seasonoftheyear.In China,the24solar terms32create thousandsof yearsago to guide agriculturalproduction.But solartermculture33be stilluseful todaytoguidepeoples livesthrough specialfoods,cultural ceremoniesand evenhealthy livingtips.During Major Heat,the sunshine,high temperatures34heavy rainfallsare goodfor agriculturalcrops.But likeMinorHeat,many natural35disaster suchas floods,droughts andtyphoons alsohappen duringMajorHeat.Therefore,its importantto harvestand plantin time36avoid damagecaused bynatural disasters.果冻茎Grass jellyis madewithaspecial grass,37stems andleaves can be madeinto herbjelly afterbeingdried in38sun.With the39amaze abilityto reducethe summerheat,grass jellyis describedin a40popularly sayingin Guangdongprovince thatgoes,Eating herbjelly inMajorHeatwill makeyou stayyoung likethe评卷人得分神仙immortals
五、语法填空高二上•黑龙江哈尔滨•阶段练习阅读下面短文,在空白处填入个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形24-251式Have youever askedyourself whypeople oftenhave trouble41learn EnglishI hadnt,until oneday myfive-year-old sonasked me42there washam in a hamburger.There isnt.This makeme realizethat theresno eggineggplant either.Neither isthere pinenor applein pineapple.This gotme thinkinghow Englishcanbea crazylanguage tolearn.For example,in ourfree timewe cansculpt asculpture andpaint a43paint,but wetake aphoto.And whenwe aretraveling wesay thatwe areinthecar orthe taxi,but onthe trainor bus!While weredoing allthistraveling,we canget seasickat sea,airsick inthe airand carsickin acar,but wedont gethomesick whenwe getback home.And44speak ofhome,why arenthomework andhousework thesame thingIfhard isthe oppositeof“sofit,why are“hardly andsoftly notan45oppose pairIf harmlessactions aretheopposite of46harm actions,why areshameless andshameful behaviorsthe sameEventhe smallestwords canbe47confuse.When yousee thecapitalized WHOinamedical report,do youreadit asthe whoin Whosthat Whatabout ITand USEnglish48invent bypeople,not computers,and itreflects the49create ofthe humanrace.That is why whenthestars are out,they arevisible,but whenthe lightsareout,they are50visible.And thatiswhywhen Iwind upmy watch,it starts,but whenwind upthis passage,it ends.。
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