2023年06月六级真题阅读部分全文翻译中英对译

2023年6月大学英语六级真题阅读局部全文翻译这个是我局部参照东方答案翻译，一字一句打上来的，大家一起学习吧Part IIReading ComprehensionSkimming andScanning15minutesMinority ReportAmericanuniversities areaccepting moreminorities thanever.Graduating themis anothermatter.美国大学比从前更多地承受少数民族但他们能否毕业却是另外一个问题Barry Mills,the presidentof BowdoinCollege,was justifiablyproud ofBowdoin^s effortstorecruit minoritystudents.Since2023the small,eliteJiberal artsschool inBrunswick,Maine,hasboosted theproportion ofso-called under-represented minoritystudents inentering freshmanclassesfrom8%to13%,It isour responsibilityto reachout and attract students to cometo ourkinds ofplaces/he tolda NEWSWEEKreporter.But Bowdoin has notdone quiteas wellwhen it comes toactuallygraduating minorities.While9out of10white studentsroutinely gettheir diplomaswithin sixyears,only7out of10black studentsmade itto.graduation dayin severalrecent classes.鲍登学院的校长巴里米尔斯，有理由为他们聘请到少数民族所作出的努力而感到骄傲自从2023年起，这所位于缅因的布伦瑞克市的小型精英文科学校，已经把所谓的比例缺乏的少数民族学生占生班的比例从8%提升至13%宣传和吸引学生来到我们这类学校是我们的责任他对《闻周刊》的记者说但在授予少数民族学位这方面，鲍登学院做得并不算好在最近几个毕业班当中，10个里面有9个白人学生在六年内顺当毕业时，10个里面只有7个黑人学生能在六年内毕业“If you look at who enterscollege,it nowlooks likeAmerica/says HilaryPennington,director ofpostsecondaryprograms for the BillMelinda GatesFoundation,which hasclosely studiedenrollmentpatterns inhigher education.But ifyoulookatwhowalks acrossthe stagefor adiploma,it“s stilllargely thewhite,upper-income population/6“假设你看谁进入学校，这会看起来像美国不过假设你看谁拿到文凭，那大局部始终是较高收入的白人群体”比尔夫妇基金会高等教育工程的主任希拉里说该工程已经深入争论了高等教育的招生模式The UnitedStates oncehad thehighest graduationrate ofany nation.Now itstands10th.For thefirsttime inAmerkan history^there is the riskthat therising generationwill be-less welleducated thantheprevious one.The graduationrate among25-to34-year-olds isno betterthan the rate forthe55-to64-year-olds whowere goingto collegemore than30years ago.Studies showthat moreand morepoorand non-white studentswant tograduate fromcollege-but theirgraduation ratesfall farshort of theirdreams.The graduation rates forblacks,Latinos,and NativeAmericans lagfar behind the graduationratesfor whitesand Asians.As theminority populationgrows in the UnitedStates,low collegegraduationrates becomea threattonational prosperity.have backgroundsin areassuch aspolitical science,the creativearts,history orphilosophy,which willallowthem toput businessdecisionsinto a wider context.G教授认为学校不应当只是从来自银行，询问公司和产业界等传统领域选择申请人他们也应当查找那些拥有政治科学，创意艺术，历史或者哲学背景的人选，这会让它们将商业决策应用到更广泛的环境中Indeed,there doesseem to be ademand forthe morerounded leaderssuch diversitymight create.A studyby Mannaz,a leadershipdevelopment company,suggests that,while thebullyboy chiefexecutiveof oldmay nothave beeneradicated completely,there isa definiteshift inemphasis towardslesstough stylesof management-at leastin Americaand Europe.Perhaps mostsignificant,accordingto Mannaz,istheincreasing interestlarge companieshave inmore coHaborativemanagement models,such asthose prevalentin Scandinavia,which seekto integratethe hardand softaspects ofleadershipand encouragedelegated responsibilityand accountability.实际上，对于通过这样的多样化所培训出的更为全面的领导者，看起来确实有需求领导力开发公司M的争论说明尽管以往那种霸道的主管可能还没有完全被铲除，但已有明显的转变且强调不那么强硬的治理风格一一至少在美国和欧洲如此据称，可能最重要的是大公司对写作治理模式的兴趣不断增加，例如，那些在斯堪的纳维亚半岛流行的做法，就是寻求领导方式的软硬结合，鼓舞下放责任和义务美国曾经拥有全球最高的毕业率不过现在排第十美国史上第一次消灭年青一代不及老一代受的教育高的风险，25至34年龄段的人的毕业率不比那些55至64年龄段的人在30年前上大学时候高争论说明，越来越多贫困的非白人学生想从大学毕业不过他们的毕业率与他们的梦想相距甚远黑人，拉丁美洲人，印第安人的毕业率远不如白人和亚洲人由于美国少数民族人口的增长，大学毕业率低成为民族富强的威逼IThe problemis pronouncedat publicuniversities.In2023the University of Wisconsin-Madison一one of the topfive orsoprestigious publicuniversities-graduated81%0-f itS-white studentswithin sixyears,but only56%of itsblacks.At less-selective stateschools,the numbersget worse.During thesametimeframe,the Universityof NorthernIowa graduated67%of itswhite students,but only39%of itsblacks.Community collegeshave lowgraduationratesgenerally-but rock-bottom ratesfor minorities.A recentreview ofCalifornia communitycolleges foundthat while a thirdof theAsian studentspickedup theirdegrees,only15%of African-Americans didso aswell.问题在公立大学很明显07年威斯康辛州麦迪逊市的一个排名前五左右的知名公立大学，六年内，白人学生中81%能够毕业，而黑人学生中只有56%能够毕业在筛选条件不那么苛刻的州立学校，数字会更糟糕在同一时间内，北爱荷华大学的白人学生毕业率为67%,黑人为39%.通常社区大学有低的毕业率，但是少数民族的毕业率是最低的一项对加州社区大学的评估觉察有三分之一亚洲学生拿到他们文凭是，只有15%的美国黑人拿到Private collegesand universitiesgenerally dobetter,partly becausethey offersmallerclasses andmorepersonal attention.But whenitcomesto asignificant graduation gap,Bowdoinhascompany.Nearby ColbyCollege loggedan18-point differencebetween whiteand blackgraduates in2023and25points in

2023.Middlebury Collegein Vermont,another topschool,had a19-point gapin2023anda22-point gapin

2023.The mostselective privateschools-Harvard,Yale,and Princeton-show almostnogap betweenblack andwhite graduationrates.But thatmay havemore todo withtheir ability toselect thebest students.According todata gatheredby HarvardLaw Schoolprofessor LaniGuinier,themost selectiveschools aremore likelyto chooseblacks whohave atleast oneimmigrant parentfromAfrica orthe Caribbeanthan blackstudents whoare descendantsofAmerican slaves.私立学院和大学通常做得好点，肯定程度上由于他们供给更小的课室和更多个人关注但是当提到显著的毕业差距的时候，鲍登学院的状况并不罕见依据记录，邻近的科比学院白人和黑人的毕业差距在07年相差18个百分点，在06年相差25个百分点另一所顶级院校，佛蒙特州的明德里学院，07年的毕业差距相差19个百分点，06年相差22个百分点筛选最严格学校--哈佛，耶鲁，普林斯顿--在黑白人毕业率上几乎没有不同但是，可能他们与他们有力量选择最好的学生有关系依据哈佛法学院教授LG收集的数据显示，比起美国奴隶的后代，越是筛选严格的学校越是倾向于选择父母至少有一方是非洲或者是加勒比的移民的黑人学生“Higher educationhas beenable toduck thisissue foryears,particularly themore selectiveschools,by sayingthe responsibilityis on the individualstudent,“says Penningtonof theGatesFoundation.If theyfail,it“s theirfault/6Somecriticsblame affirmativeaction-students admittedwithlower testscores andgrades fromshaky highschools oftenstruggle atelite schools.But abigger problemmay be thatpoor highschools oftensend theirstudentstocollegesx^iicli they.are“undermatched:theycould getinto moreelite,richer schools,but insteadgo tocommunity collegesandlow-rated stateschoolsthat lackthe resourcesto helpthem.Some schoolsout forprofit cynicallyincrease tuitionsandcount onstudentloans andfederal aidto footthe bill-knowing fullwell that the studentswon^t makeit.The schoolkeepsthe money,but thekid leaveslwiilh odebt and no degreeandnoabilitytoget a better job.Collegesare notholding uptheir end/says AmyWilkinsof theEducation Trust.盖茨基金会的p说“高等学校，尤其是更挑剔的学校，会把责任归咎于学生个人，假设他们没能毕业，这就是他们的错通过这种方式，高等学校得以避开这类问题很多年了”一些评论家责备平权行动一那些来自教学质量差的高中，以较低分入学的学生，在精英学校里常感到很吃力不过一个更大的问题可能是那些教学质量差的高中常常把他们的学生送到低于学生自身水平的大学一一他们本可以去教育经费更加充裕的精英学校，但反而去了缺乏足够资源帮助他们的社区大学和层次较低的州立大学某些学校为了盈利，明知道学生无力负担，却冷淡地增加学费，希望学生贷款和政府补贴填补赤字“学校拿钱，但是学生离开的时候背负着大量债务，没有文凭没有找到好工作的力量大学没有做好他们的分内事”每个信托基金会的A说A collegeeducation isgetting evermore expensive.Since1982tuitions have been risingat roughlytwicetherateof inflation.In2023thenet costof attendinga four-yeai publicuniversity一after financialaid-equaled28%of median（中间的）family income,whileafour-year privateuniversity cost76%ofmedian familyincome.More andmore scholarshipsare basedbmot need.Poorer studentsare notalwaysthebest-informed consumers.Often theywind updeeply indebt orsimply unableto payafter ayear ortwoand mustdrop out.大学教育越来越贵自82年后，学费已经大约以两倍的通胀率上涨08年进入四年制公立大学的净本钱一减去财政补助后一相当于中等收入家庭收入的28%,而同样的私立大学的费用是中等收入家庭收入的76%越来越多的奖学金是依据成绩不是需要的贫困的学生不能总是最明智的消费者他们常常会深深地卷入债务中，或者在读了一两年后由于没有力量支付学费而被迫退学There oncewas atime whenuniversities tookpride in their dropoutrates.Professors wouldbegin theyearby saying,Look to the rightand looktotheleft.One ofyou isnot goingtobehere bythe endof theyear.But suchaDarwinian spiritisbeginning togive wayas atleast afew.colleges faceup tothe-graduationgap.At the UniversityofWisconsin-Madison,the gaphas beenroughlyhalved overthe lastthieeyears.The univeisityhas pouredresources intopeer counselingto helpstudents frominner-cityschools adjustto由go广（严格要求）and fasterpace ofa universityclassroom-and alsoto helpminoritystudents overcomethestereotype thatthey areless qualified.Wisconsin hasa laserlikefocus“on buildingupstudent skillsin thefirst threemonths,according:tq9wvost（教务长）Damon Williams.曾经有一段时间高校为他们的退学率骄傲教授会在学年开头时说，左右看一看，not qualifyas.systematic or.fair.两个必要步骤第一，你需要一个提议和评估闻报道的系统假设记得信任他们有公正申诉的时机，他们能够容忍他们的想法被拒绝近视以一个毫无价值的想法，你本能反响和轻视拒绝都不行能算做系统化的，也不够公正Second,the peopleyou workwith needto negotiatea Whatif...”agreement covering“Whatif myidea isturned downHow arepeople expectedto reactIs therean appealprocessCan theyrefinethe ideaand resubmitit Byanticipating“Whet if...”situations beforethey happen,you canreachunderstanding thatwill helpeaseyou outof conlrontations.其次，与你共事的人需要达成“假设……怎么样”的共识，包括“我的想法被拒绝了会怎样”？人们应当做何反响？有申诉的过程吗他们可以改进这个想法，并再次提交？在事情发生之前就想好假设将怎样，你就能获得理解，并由助避开地对心情Section BPassageOneQuestions52to56are basedon thefollowing passage.At theheart ofthe debateover illegalimmigration liesone keyquestion:are immigrantsgood orbadforthe economy TheAmerican publicoverwhelmingly thinkstheyTe bad.Yet.—theconsens.iis.among mosteconomists is that immigration,both legaland illegal,provides asmall netboost totheeconomy.Immigrants providecheap labor,lower theprices ofeverything fromfarm produceto newhomes,and leaveconsumers witha littlemore moneyintheirpockets.Sowhy isthere suchadiscrepancy betweenthe perceptionof immigrants^impact ontheeconomyand thereality关于非法移民争论，其核心局部有一个关键性问题；移民对经济有好处还是害处？美国公众全都认为他们有害的然而大多数经济学家全都认为，不管是合法移民还是非法移民都对经济起了少许的正面促进作用移民供给更廉价劳动力，降低了从农产品到居在内的全部商品的价格，让消费者兜里剩下了些钱那为什么在对移民对经济的影响的认知和现实之间存在如此大的差异呢？There area numberof familiartheories.Some arguethat peopleare anxiousand feelthreatenedby aninflow ofnew workers.Others highlightthe strainthat undocumentedimmigrants placeonpublic services,like schools,hospitals,and jails.Still othersemphasizethe roleof race,arguing thatforeignersadd tothe nation^s fearsand insecurities.ThereS sometruthto allthese explanations,butthey aren^t quitesufficient.有很多孰知的理论有些人认为由于心劳动力的涌入，人们感到焦虑和受到威逼其他人则强调非法移民对公共资源，像是学校，医院，监狱带来的压力仍有一些人强调种族因素，认为外国人为国家增加了恐惊和担忧全感全部这些解释都有肯定道理，但还不够充分To getabetterunderstanding of what^s goingon,consider theway immigrationsimpaou..isfeli.Though itsoverall effectmaybepositive,its costsand benefitsareclistributed unevenly.David Card,an economistat UCBerkeley,notes thatthe oneswho profitmost directlyfrom immigrants^low-costlabor arebusinesses andemployers-meatpacking plantsin Nebraska,for instance,or.agriculturalbusinesses inCalifornia.Granted,these producers^savings probablytranslate intolower pricesat thegrocerystore,but howmany consumersmakethat mentalconnection atthe checkoutcounter Asforthe drawbacksof illegalimmigration,these,too,are concentrated.Native low-skilled workerssuffermost fromthe competitionof foreignlabor.According toa studyby GeorgeBoijas,a Harvardeconomist,immigration reducedthewages ofAmerican high-school dropoutsby9%between1980-

2023.为了更好的理解这一个问题，我们来想一下人们是以哪种方式感受外来移民的影响尽管它的总体影响是乐观的，但是它的代价和利益分布是不均匀的加州伯利克里大学的一位经济学家，DC指出，那些直接从廉价的移民供给的劳动力中获得利益最多的是企业和雇主一一如位于内布拉斯加州的肉类加工厂，或者位于加州的农产品企业即使这些生产商节约的花费很可能转化为了杂货铺里更低的价格，但是又多少消费者在结账的时候想到了这些？关于非法移民的不利因素，这些倒也同样是关注焦点当地低技能工人饱受外来劳动力带来的竞争压力之苦依据哈佛一位经济学家GB的争论觉察，1980年至2023年之间，外来移民使得美国高中辍学这的工资降低了9%Among high-skilled,better-educated employees,however,opposition wasstrongest instates withbothhigh numbersofimmigrantsand relativelygenerous socialservices.What worriedthem most,inother words,was thefiscal（贝才政的）burden ofimmigration.That conclusionwas reinforcedbyanother finding:that theiropposition appearedto softenwhen thatfiscz burdendecreased,as occurredwithwelfare reforminthe1990s,which curbedimmigrants^access tocertain benefits.然而，对于高技能，高学历的雇员来说，在那些移民人数较多，且社会福利相对更好的洲I,他们的反对声音最为剧烈换句话说，最让他们的担忧的是移民带来的财政负担另一项觉察证明白这个结论当财政减负时，他们的反对态度有所缓解，这种状况曾发生于20世纪90年月的福利改革时期，那次改革限制了外来移民猎取某些福利The ironyisthatfor allthe overexciteddebate,the neteffect ofimmigration isminimal.Fven fcrthewemeiciitely affected—Nay,Icw-Nkilled werkerx、cr Califbrniaresidents—the impaclisn“t allthatdramatic.The unpleasantvoices havetended todominateour perceptionsJsays DanielTichenor,apolitical scienceprofessor atthe Universityof Oregon.“Rut when分11thexe factorsar心it teoefher2ndtheeccncmiwts calculatethe rnimberKiit endsup beinga netpositive,but asmall one.Too badmostpeople don“t realizeit.具有挖苦意味的是，对于全部这些过激的辩论而言，外来移民的真正影响是很小的甚至对于那些受影响最为严峻的群体一一比方说低技能工人或者加州居民一一这种影响也没那么显著俄勒冈大学的一位政治学教授DT说“这种不开心的声音往往主宰我们的认知可是综合考虑全部那些因素且经济学计算过数据之后，得出的结果是其影响是正面乐观的,尽管影响不大”糟糕的是，大多数人没有意识到这点Passage TwoQuestions57to61are basedonthefollowing passage.Picture atypical MBAlecture theatretwenty yearsago.In itthe majorityof studentswill haveconformedt£[he standardmodel oftha time:male,middle classand Western.Walk intoa classtoday,however,and you^ll geta completelydifferent impression.For astart,you willnow seeplenty morewomen-theUniversityof Pennsylvania、Wharton School,for example,boasts that40%of itsnewenrolment isfemale.You willalso seeawiderange ofethnic groupsand nationalsof practicallyeverycountry.想象一下20年前典型的MBA讲堂里面大多数学生都符合那个时代的标准模式男性，中产阶级和西方人然而，你今日走进讲堂，则有全的印象首先，你会看到很多的女性——例如滨州大学商学院，就以40%的生是女性而骄傲你也会看到各个种族和几乎全部国家的人It mightbe tempting,therefore,to thinkthattheold barriershavebeenbroken downand equalopportunityachieved.But,increasingly,this apparentdiversity isbecoming amask fora newtype ofconformity.Behind thedifferences insex,skin tonesand mothertongues,there arecommon attitudes,expectations andambitions whichrisk creatinga setof clonesamong thebusiness leadersofthefuture.因而，这可能会让人觉得旧的障碍已经打破，时机公平已经实现不过这种外表上多样化渐渐成了一种型全都性的伪装在不同性别，皮肤，母语的背后，有着同样的态度，期望和野心，其危急是将来商业首领制造一系列克隆体Diversity,it seems,has nothelped toaddress fundamentalweaknessesin businessleadership Sowhatcan bedone tocreate moreeffective managersofthecommercial worldAccordingto ValerieGauthier,associate cleanatHE Paris,the keylies inthe processbywhichMBA programmesrecruit theirstudents.At themoment candidatesare selectedon afairlynarrow setof criteriasuch asprior academicand careerperfor ance、and analyticalandproblem solvingabilities.This Isthen coupledlo_a schoolspictureofwhata diverseclassshould looklike,i.i11-i Ipassport,ethnic origin and sexcan allbecomeinfluencing factors.But schoolsrarely digdown tofind outwhat reallymakes anapplicant succeed,tocieate aclass whichalso containsdiveisity ofattitude andapproach-arguably theonlydiversity that,inabusiness context,really matters.多样化，似乎对于解决企业领导层的根本缺点没有帮助那我们做什么来制造更多商业介左右成效的治理者呢？巴黎高等商学院副院长VG说，关键在于MBA工程招收学生的程序目前是依据一套格外狭隘的标准选择学生，例如之前的学术成绩，职业表现，分析问题和解决问题的力量然后在于学校所认为的多样化班级的特征联系起来，以及护照，种族起源，性别全部都可能成为影响因素的结果但是学校很少深入争论是什么让申请者申请成功的，以便制造一个包含多样化态度与方法的课堂一一这可以说是在商业背景下唯一真正重要的多样化Professor Gauthierbelieves schoolsshould notjust beselecting candidatesfrom traditionalsectorssuch asbanking,consultancy andindustry.They shouldalso beseeking individualswho。