浙江专升本英语 非谓语动词

非谓语动词一不定式不定式的用法

1.作主语1不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用作形式主语it有To bewithout someof the things youwant is an indispensablepart ofhappiness.些东西你想要而没有，这是幸福不可缺少的一部分学而时习之，Isnt ita pleasureto reviewwhat onehas learnedfrom time to time不亦说乎？作宾语2英语动词大部分即可用动名词作宾语，也可以动词不定式作宾语每——个都想长寿，但没Every mandesires tolive long;but noman wouldbe old.有人想做老人吃不到葡萄说葡萄Some peoplepretended todespise thethings theycannot have.I酸注动词+疑问词相当于一个省略的宾语从句a.+todo,The studentswere discussinghow to make theirmothers happy.Can youtell mewhere toget tothe nearesttoilet.不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在b.宾语补足语之后，而用作形式宾语itI alwaysmake itrule neverto criticizeor attackthe governmentof myown country.I promisedit neverto beatyour again.作补足语3Television enablesyou to be entertainedin your home bypeople youwouldnt havein有了电视，你就不必让你不喜欢的人到你家里来，但可以享受他提供的yourhome.娱乐He wasseen toenter thebuilding bythe backdoor.注不能接不定式，只能接从句a.demand,hope,suggest that

②While shopping,people sometimescan，t helpbeing persuadedinto buyingsomethingthey don，t reallyneed（上海96）

③I can，t standworking withJane in the sameoffice,she justrefuses tostop talkingwhile sheworks.（4匕京2006）接动名词作宾语的动词「速记口诀」Mrs.P Blackmissed abeef bag.（P.布莱克夫人丢了一个牛肉袋）「妙语诠释」该句话中每个字母代表了一个动词或短语，这些动词要求后面跟动名词作宾语这些动词分别是M=mind,r=risk,s=succeed in,P=practice,B=be busy,l=look forwardto,a=admit,c=can thelp,k=keep on,m=miss,i=insist on,s=suggest,s=stop,e=enjoy,d=delay,a=avoid,b=be worth,a=advise,g=give up.She suggeststhat Iopen thebox myself.He demandsthat heshould betreated equally..感官和使役动词后接省略的不定式，但是用在被动语态中还原b toto Feel,等have,hear,let,listen to,look at,make,notice,observe,see,watchShe5s sougly;she makesonions cry.她太丑了，甚至把洋葱都弄哭了,走自己的路，让别人说去吧Take yourway.Let theworld talk.要让The bestway aman canmake his wife listenis bytalking toanother woman妻子听你说话，屡试不爽的方法是对另一个女人说话作定语4不定式作定语，一般为后置定语学校是买近视眼镜最好School:A goodplace tosell glassesfor short-sightedness.的地方The onlyway toamuse somepeople is to slipand fallin icypavement.要使某些人发笑，唯有摔倒在结冰的人行道上注某些形容词和动词后通常接结构，这些词转换成名词也一样.a.to do.婚姻是贿赂Marriage isa bribetomakea housekeeperthink sheisahouseholder家庭主妇让她觉得她是一家之主.汇报良辰美景的最好方法The bestway topay for a lovelymoment isto enjoyit是享受它序数词，形容词最高级b.the+last,only,+todoThe bestway tostop kidsfrom seeingdirty moviesistolabel them不让小孩看脏电影的最好办法是给它们贴上“教育片”的标签“Educational.”The firstman toland on the moonis Armstrong.作状语，表示目的、原因、结果或条件5Teas:A kindof liquidused bychildren toissue commands,by women to gain.泪孩子用来发号施令，女人用来博取sympathy,and bymentotide overdifficulties同情，男人用来度过难关的一种液体要想不断赚钱就要不断学习To keepearning,keep learning.He returnshome onlyto findhiswiferunning away.注:不定式常与和连用enough too...toA teenageris alwaystoo tiredto holda dishcloth,but nevertoo tiredto holda phone.少男少女们总是累得拿不动洗碗布，但从不会累得拿不动电话Your dressshould btight enoughto showyoure awoman andloose enoughto showyou5re alady.你的衣服应该紧到足以表明你是女人，松到足以显示你是女士作表语6通常表示预定要发生的动作，也可表示未来的可能性和假设The dutiesof soldierare toprotect hiscountry andpeel potatoes.女Woman have a moresubtle instinct;what theylike isto bea manslast romance.人具有更微妙的本能，那就是成为男人追求的最后一个对象作谓语复合结构7也a.be+VPP+to doassumed,believed,considered,expected,known,reported...可转换为引导的主语从句itHigh heelsare saidto havebeen inventedby awoman whohad beenkissed onthe高跟鞋，是一个曾经被人吻其前额的女性发明的forehead.b.V+to doappear,get,happen,prove,seem,tendIt isa funnything,but everytime Idance withyou thedances seemto bevery short.They are.My fianceis leaderof theorchestra.c.be+adj+to doanxious,bound,certain,eager,likely,ready....慢慢长的树结出最美的果实.The treesthat areslow togrow bearthe bestfruit2需注意的问题不带的不定式1to某些固定结构要用省略的不定式，常见的有to cannotbut,cannot helpbut,had better,等would rather...than...,would...rather than...,may/might just as well.老夫妇不免溺爱怂恿The couplecouldnt helpbut doteon andspoil themRatherthan tossand turnon hiswarm pillow,he wouldjustassoon sitforawhile longer与其热枕头上翻来覆去，还是去甲板上坐坐吧onthedeck.⑵在前有的某种形式，则省略后面的总之有无but/except do to,doto.除了等待，我几乎无所作为There waslittle1could doexcept wait爱无药可救，只有爱得更多There isno remedyfor lovebut tolove more.不定式的形式

3.⑴不定式的一般形式所表示的动作，通常与谓语动词表示的动作状态同时或几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生Fm gladto meetyou.Never adviseanyone togo towar orto marry.如果谓语动词表示的动作情况发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行，这时2不定式就要用进行时She seemedto besleeping.He happenedtobelying onthe bed.如果不定式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前，就要用其完成式3She seemedto haveforgotten allabout it.Im sorryto havekept yourwaiting solong.不定式的语态

4.当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式The revolutionremains tobe accomplished,and ourcomrades muststill workhard.革命尚未成功，同志仍须努力It meansthat wehave morenames ofnew countriesto remember.二动名词动名词由动词+构成，否定形式为具有动词和名词的性质，在

1.ing notdoing,句中起名词作用，可作主语、宾语、表语和定语等作主语1吹牛不用交税Talking paysno toll.Seeing isbelieving.注表没…做某事a.There isno+Ving,夕卜表不可靠There isno trustingto appearance.b.It isno usegood+Ving不能爱哪行才干It isno usedoing whatyou like;you havegot tolike whatyou do.哪行，要干哪行爱哪行.丢马锁门，为时晚矣It isno goodlocking thestable doorwhen thehorse isstolen⑵作表语笑，就是这样在体内慢跑Laughter isinner jogging..她的爱好是收集古董-年逾古稀Her hobbyis collectingantiques-Old Millionaires的百万富翁作宾语3鲜花对蜜蜂说什么？另理我，What didthe flowersay tothe beeQuit buggingme,烦着呢You weredrunk andkept repeatingthe samething.Dont believeanything saidby adrunk.What didI sayto youI loveyou,dear.

①无法忍受,admit,appreciate,give up,imagine,put off,resist,cant standgive up,等动词或词组后可以用动名词作宾语，但不能用不定式feel likeWhenI readabout theevils ofdrinking,I gave up reading.

②等动词或词组后可带动名词或forget,go on,mean,regret,remember,stop,try不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别I forgotto shakethe bottlebefore givingyou themedicine.

③等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有allow,advise,forbid,permit名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语We dontallow smokinghere.We dontallow studentsto smoke.

④等在书面语中后多接动名词，在口start,begin,continue,like,love,hate语中后多接不定式It hasstarted torain.Shes sofat,she jumpedintheocean,and thewhales startedsinging,We areafamily/5作定语

4.瞎子不谢赠镜人A blindman willnot thank you forlooking glass动名词的复合结构

2.动名词可以有自己的逻辑主语，常由形容词性物主代词，人称代词宾格，名词的所有格或普通名词构成作主语时不能用第二和第四种结构如果动名词的逻辑主语和主语相同的话，则省略动名词的逻辑主语What isthe ideaof theGreens havingFrench lessonsThey haveadopted aFrenchbaby,and wantto understandwhat shesays whenshe beginsto talk.Jacks escapingfrom themarriage ceremonymade usastonished.I regretobjecting toyour plan.动名词的时态和语态

3.动名词的时态分一般式和完成式两种We areinterested inplaying chess.如果动名词表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，通常用动名词的完成时态He regrettedhaving saidthem.主语是动名词所表示的动作的对象时，动名词用被动语态He wasafraid ofbeing recognized.

三、分词分词的时态和语态

4.分词分为现在分词和过去分词，其否定形式为分词现在分词有一般1not+式和完成式Being astudent,he wasinterested inbooks.Having studiedin itfor threeyears,he knowsthe universityvery well.现在分词有一般式和完成式，且有主动语态和被动语态2The questionbeing discussedis important.Having beencriticized bythe teacher,Li Minggaveup smoking.分词的用法

5.作定语1

①分词短语作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之后；单个分词作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之前The manstanding bythe windowis ourteacher.注意现在分词作定语时表示动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎a.同时发生如果两个动作有先有后，一般不能用现在分词作定语，要用定语从句The teachercriticized thestudent whohad brokenthe window.现在分词的完成式与被动式一般都不能用作前置定语，而用作后置定语b.

①I reallyappreciate havingtimetorelax withyou onthis niceisland.2001上海高考）。