2012年考研英语二真题

年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语二试题2012National EntranceTest ofEnglish IIfor MA/MSCandidates NETEMSectionI Useof EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best wordsfor eachnumbered blankand mark[A][B],[C]or[D]on ANSWER SHEET

1.10pointsMillions of Americans andforeigners seeGl.Joe as a mindlesswar toy,the symbolofAmerican militaryadventurism,but thats not how itused to be.To themen andwomen who1in WorldWar IIand thepeople theyliberated,the GLwas the2man growninto hero,the poorfarmkid tornaway fromhis home,the guywho3all theburdens ofbattle,who sleptin coldfoxholes,who wentwithout the4of foodand shelter,who stuckit outand droveback theNazireign ofmurder.This was not avolunteersoldier,not someonewell paid,5an averageguy up6thebesttrained,best equipped,fiercest,most brutalenemiesseen incenturies.His nameisntmuch.GI.isjust amilitary abbreviation7,Government Issue,and itwason allof thearticles8to soldiers.And JoeA commonname for a guywho never9it to thetop.Joe Blow,Joe Palooka.Joe Magrac...a workingclass name.The UnitedStates has10had apresident or vice-presidentorsecretary ofstate Joe.G.L Joehad a11career fightingGerman,Japanese,and Koreantroops.He appearsas acharacter,ora12ofAmericanpersonalities,in the1945movie TheStoryofG.LJoe,based onthelast daysof warcorrespondent ErniePyle.Some of the soldiersPyle13portrayed themselvesin the film.Pyle wasfamous fbrcovering the14side of the war,writing aboutthedirt-snow-and-mud soldiersnothowmany mileswere15or whattowns werecaptured orliberated.His reports16the“Willie“cartoons offamed StarsandStripesartist BillMaulden.Both men17the dirtand exhaustionof war,the18of civilizationthat thesoldiers sharedwitheach otherand thecivilians:coffee,tobacco,whiskey,shelter,sleep.19Egypt,France,and adozenmore countries,G.L Joewas anyAmerican soldier,20the mostimportant personin theirl.[A]performed served[C]rebelled[D]betrayed■

2.[A]actual[C]special[D]normalcommon

3.[A]bore[C]removed[D]loadedcased■

4.[A]necessities[C]commodities[D]propertiesfacilities

5.[A]and[C]but[D]hencenor into

6.[A]for[C]form[D]againstturnover

7.[A]meaning[C]symbolizing[D]claiminggot never

8.[A]handed out[C]brought back[D]passed downlives.BBBBBBBBBB_________--I-I___.Suppose youhave foundsomething wrongwith theelectronic dictionarythat youbought fromanonline storethe otherday,Write anemail tothe customerservice centerto1Make acomplaint and2Demand aprompt solutionYoushould writeabout lOOwordson ANSERESHEET2Do notsign yourown nameat theend of the letter,Use zhangwei instead.、48write anessay basedon thefollowing table.Inyourwritingyou should1Describe thetable,and2Give yourcommentsYou shouldwrite at least150words15points某公司员工工作满意度调查年龄——满意度满意不清楚不满意小于等于岁

4016.7%

50.0%

33.3%岁41-

500.0%

36.0%

64.0%大于岁

540.

050.0%

10.0%年考研英语二答案2012需要完整答案及试卷解析的同学请添加微信公众号考研天微信号关注后聊天窗口回复“答365ky365t案”（听说关注我们的同学都能顺利上研哦）年政治考研真题+答案解析年1994-20161986-2016英语一/二考研真题+答案解析年数学一/二/三考研真题+答案解析1987-

201611.[A]disguised[B]collection[C]interviewed[D]questioned

12.[A]company[B]appointed[C]political[D]human

13.[A]employed[B]military[C]patrolled[D]gained

14.[A]ethical[B]commuted[C]duplicated[D]contradicted

15.[A]ruined[B]counteracted[C]emphasized[D]admired

16.[A]paralleled[B]avoided[C]fragments[D]advances[B]illusions[C]Among[D]Beyond

19.[A]With[C]from theoutset[D]at that[B]by thismeans

20.[A]on the

17.[A]neglected[B]To[D]distinguished point[C]disputed

18.[A]stages[D]colony[B]disturbed[C]communitySection IIReading ComprehensionText1Homework hasnever beenterribly popularwith studentsand evenmany parents,but inrecentyears it has beenparticularly scorned.School districtsacross thecountry,most recentlyLosAngeles Unified,are revisingtheir thinkingon hiseducational ritual.Unfortunately,L.A.Unified hasproduced aninflexible policywhich mandatesthat with the exceptionof someadvancedcourses,homework mayno longercount formore than10%of astudent sacademicgrade.This ruleis meantto addressthe difficultythat studentsfrom impoverishedor chaotichomesmight havein completingtheir homework.But the policy isunclear andcontradictory.Certainly,no homeworkshould beassigned thatstudents cannot do withoutexpensive equipment.But ifthedistrict isessentially givinga passto studentswho do notdotheir homeworkbecause ofcomplicatedfamily lives,it isgoing riskilyclose tothe implicationthat standardsneed to belowered forpoor children.District administratorssay thathomework willstill bea patof schooling:teachers areallowedto assignas muchofit as they want.But withhomework countingfor nomore than10%of theirgrades,students caneasily skiphalf their homework andsee veylittle differenceon theirreportcards.Some studentsmight dowell onstate testswithout completingtheir homework,butwhat aboutthe studentswho performedwell on the testsand didtheir homeworkIt isquitepossible that the homeworkhelped.Yet rather than empoweringteachers to find whatworks bestfor their students,the policyimposes aflat,across-the-board rule.At thesame time,thepolicyaddresses noneof thetruly thornyquestions about homework.Ifthe districtfinds homeworkto beunimportant toits studentsacademic achievement,it shouldmoveto reduceor eliminatethe assignments,not makethem countfor almostnothing.Conversely,if homeworkdoes nothingto ensurethatthehomework studentsare notassigningmore than they arewilling toreview andcorrect.The homeworkrules should be puton holdwhile theschool board,which isresponsible forsettingeducational policy,looks intothe matterand conductspublic hearings.It is not toolate forL.A.Unified todo homeworkright.

21.It isimplied inparagraph1that nowadayshomework.[A]is receivingmore criticism[B]is nolonger aneducational ritual[C]is notrequired for advancedcourses[D]is gainingmore preferences

22.L.A.Unified has made therule abouthomework mainlybecause poorstudents.[A]tend to have moderateexpectations for their education[B]have askedforadifferenteducational standard[C]may haveproblems finishingtheirhomework[D]have voicedtheircomplaints abouthomework

23.According toParagraph3,one problemwith thepolicy isthat itmay.[A]discourage studentsfrom doinghomework[B]result instudents indifferenceto theirreportcards[C]undermine the authority ofstate tests1[D]restrict teacherspower ineducation

24.As mentionedin Paragraph4,a keyquestion unansweredabouthomeworkis whether.[A]itshould beeliminated[B]it countsmuch inschooling[C]it placesextra burdenson teachers[D]it isimportant forgrades

25.A suitabletitle forthis textcould be.[A]Wrong Interpretationof anEducational Policy[B]A WelcomedPolicy forPoor Students[C]Thorny Questionsabout Homework[D]A FaultyApproach toHomeworkText2Pretty inpink:adult womendo notremember beingso obsessedwiththecolour,yet itispervasivein ouryounggirls lives.It is not thatpink intrinsicallybad,but it is atiny sliceof therainbowand,though itmay celebrategirlhood inone way,it alsorepeatedly andfirmly fusedgirlsidentity to appearance.Then itpresents thatconnection,even amongtwo-year-olds,between girlsasnotonly innocentbut asevidence ofinnocence.Looking around,despaired atthesingular lack of imaginationabout girlslives andinterests.Girls attraction to pinkmay seemunavoidable,somehow encodedin theirDNA,butaccording toJo Paoletti,an associateprofessor ofAmerican Studies,its not.Children werenotcolour-coded atall untilthe early20th century:in theera beforedomestic washingmachines allbabieswore whiteas apractical matter,since theonly wayof gettingclothes cleanwas toboilthem.Whats more,both boysand girlswore whatwere thoughtof asgender-neutral dresses.When nurserycolours wereintroduced,pink was actually consideredthe moremasculine colour,apastel versionof red,which was associated withstrength.Blue,with itsintimations of the VirginMary,constancy andfaithfulness,symbolised femininity.It wasnot untilthe mid-1980s,whenamplifying ageand sexdifferences becamea dominantchildrens marketingstrategy,that pinkfullycame intoits own,when itbegan to seem innatelyattractive togirls,part of what definedthemas female,at leastforthefirst fewcritical years.I hadnot realisedhow profoundlymarketing trendsdictated our perception ofwhat isnaturalto kids,including ourcore beliefsabout theirpsychological development.Take thetoddler.I assumedthat phasewas somethingexperts developedafter yearsof researchinto childrensbehaviour:wrong.Turns out,according toDaniel Cook,a historianof childhoodconsumerism,itwas popularisedasa marketing gimmickby clothing manufacturers in the1930s.Trade publicationscounseled departmentstores that,in orderto increasesales,they shouldcreate1a thirdstepping stonebetween infantwear andolder kidsclothes.Itwas onlyafter toddlerbecamecommon shoppersterm thatit evolvedinto abroadly accepteddevelopmental stage.Splitting kids,or adults,into ever-tinier categorieshas proveda sure-fire wayto boostprofits.And oneof theeasiest waysto segmentamarketis tomagnify genderdifferences-orinvent themwherethey didnot previouslyexist.

126.By sayingit is...The rainbowline3,Para1,the authormeans pink.A shouldnot be the solerepresentation ofgirlhoodB shouldnot beassociated withgirls*innocenceC cannotexplain girlslackofimagination1D cannotinfluence girlslives andinterests

277.According toParagraph2,which of thefollowingis trueof colours1A Colorsare encodedin girlsDNAB Blueused to be regardedas thecolor forgirls CPink usedtobea neutralcolor insymbolizinggenders DWhite ispreferred bybabies

28.The authorsuggests thatourperceptionof childrenspsychological devotementwasmuchinfluenced by.[A]the marketingof productsfor children[B]the observationof childrensnature[C]researches intochildrens behavior[D]studies ofchildhood consumption

29.We maylearn fromParagraph4that departmentstores wereadvised.A focuseson infantwear andolder kids*clothesB attachequal importanceto differentgendersC classifyconsumers intosmaller groupsD createsome commonshoppersterms

30.It canbe concludedthat girFsattractiontopink seemstobe.A clearlyexplained bytheir inborntendencyB fullyunderstood byclothingmanufacturersC mainlyimposed byprofit-driven businessmenDwell interpretedby psychologicalexpertsText3In

2010.a federaljudge shookAmericas biotechindustry toits core.Companies hadwonpatents forisolated DNAfor decades-by2005some20%of humangenes werepatented.But inMarch2010ajudge ruledthat geneswere unpatentable.Executives wereviolently agitated.TheBiotechnology IndustryOrganisation BIO,a tradegroup,assured membersthat thiswas justapreliminary step“in alonger battle.On July29th they were relieved,atleasttemporarily.A federalappeals courtoverturned thepriordecision,ruling thatMyriad Geneticscould indeedhold patentsto twogenes thathelpforecast awomans riskofbreast cancer.The chiefexecutive ofMyriad,a companyin Utah,saidthe rulingwas ablessing tofirms andpatients alike.But ascompanies continuetheir attemptsat personalisedmedicine,the courtswill remainratherbusy.The Myriadcase itselfis probablynot over.Critics makethree mainargumentsagainst gene patents:a geneis aproduct ofnature,so itmay notbe patented;gene patentssuppressinnovation ratherthan rewardit;and patentsmonopolies restrict access to genetic testssuchas Myriads.A growingnumber seemto agree.Last yeara federaltask-force urgedreformfor patentsrelated togenetic tests.In Octoberthe Departmentof Justicefiled abrief intheMyriad case,arguing thatan isolatedDNA molecule“isnoless aproduct ofnature...than arecottonfibres thathave beenseparated fromcotton seeds.”Despite theappeals courtsdecision,big questionsremain unanswered.For example,it isunclearwhether thesequencingof awhole genomeviolates thepatents ofindividualgenes withinit.The casemay yetreach the Supreme Court.AS theindustry advances,however,other suitsmay havean evengreater impact.Companiesare unlikely to filemany morepatents forhuman DNAmolecules-most arealready patentedorin thepublic domain.firms arenow studyinghow genesinteract,looking forcorrelations thatmightbe usedto determinethe causesof diseaseor predicta drugs efficacy.Companies areeagerto win patents for„connecting thedots”,explains Hans Sauer,a lawyerfor theBIO.Their successmay bedetermined bya suitrelated tothis issue,brought bythe MayoClinic,which theSupreme Courtwill hearin itsnext term.The BIOrecently helda conventionwhichincluded sessionsto coachlawyers onthe shiftinglandscape forpatents.Each meetingwas packed.

31.It canbe learnedfrom paragraphI thatthe biotechcompanies wouldlikeA.their executivestobeactiveB.judges torule outgene patentingC.genes tobe patentableD.the BIOto issuea warning

32.Those whoare againstgenepatentsbelieve thatA.genetic testsare notreliableB.only man-made productsare patentableC.patents ongenes dependmuch oninnovationsD.courts shouldrestrictaccesstogenetictests

33.According toHansSauer,companies areeager towinpatentsforA.establishing diseasecorrelationsB.discovering geneinteractionsC.drawing picturesof genesD.identifying humanDNA,,

34.By sayingeach meetingwas packedline4,para6the authormeans thatA.theSupremeCourt wasauthoritativeB.the BIOwasapowerful organizationC.gene patentingwasagreat concernD.lawyers werekeen toattend conventions

35.Generally speaking,the author*s attitudetoward genepatenting isA.criticalB.supportiveC.scornfulD.objectiveText4The greatrecession maybe over,but thisera ofhighjoblessnessis probablybeginning.Before itends,It willlikely changethe lifecourse andcharacter ofa generationof youngadults.Andultimately,it islikely toreshape ourpolitics,our culture,and thecharacter ofour societyforyears.No onetries harderthanthe jobless tofind silver linings inthis nationaleconomic disaster.Many saidthat unemployment,while extremelypainful,had improvedthem insome ways;theyhad becomeless materialisticand morefinancially prudent;theyweremore awareof thestrugglesofothers.Inlimitedrespects,perhaps the recession willleavesocietybetter off.At theveryleast,ithasawoken usfrom ournational feverdream ofeasy richesand biggerhouses,and putanecessary endto anera ofreckless personalspending.But forthe mostpart,these benefitsseem thin,uncertain,and faroff.In TheMoral ConsequencesofEconomic Growth,the economichistorian Benjamin Friedman arguesthat bothinside andoutsidethe U.S.,lengthy periodsof economicstagnation ordecline havealmost alwaysleft societymoremean-spirited andless inclusive,and haveusually stoppedor reversedthe advanceof rightsand freedoms.Anti-immigrant sentimenttypically increases,as doesconflict between races andclasses.Income inequalityusually fallsduring arecession,but ithas notshrunk inthis one.Indeed,thisperiod ofeconomic weaknessmay reinforceclass divides,and decreaseopportunities tocrossthem-especially foryoung people.The researchofTill VonWachter,the economistin ColumbiaUniversity,suggests thatnot allpeople graduatinginto arecession see their life chances dimmed:those withdegrees fromelite universitiescatch upfairly quicklyto wherethey otherwisewouldhave beenif theyhad graduatedin bettertimes;it isthe massesbeneath themthat areleftbehind.In theinternet age,itisparticularly easytoseethe resentmentthat hasalways beenhiddenwithin Americansociety.More difficult,inthemoment,is discerningprecisely how these leantimesare affectingsociety scharacter.In manyrespects,the U.S.was moresocially tolerantenteringthis recessionthan atany timein itshistory,and avariety ofnational pollson socialconflictsince thenhave shownmixed results.We willhave towait andsee exactlyhowthesehardtimes willreshape oursocial fabric.But theycertainly it,and allthe moreso thelonger theyextend.,,

36.By saying“tofindsilverliningsLine1,Para.2theauthorsuggest thatthejoblesstry to_.[A]seek subsidiesfrom thegovernment[B]explore reasonsfortheunemployment[C]make profitsfrom thetroubled economy[D]look onthebright sideof therecession

37.According toParagraph2,therecessionhasmadepeople.[A]realize thenational dream[B]struggle againsteach other[C]challenge theirlifestyle[D]reconsider theirlifestyle

38.BenjaminFriedmanbelieved thateconomic recessionmay.[A]impose aheavier burdenon immigrants[B]bring outmore evilsof humannature[C]Promotethe advanceof rightsandfreedoms[DJease conflictsbetweenracesand classes

39.The researchof TillVon Wachthersuggests thatin recessiongraduates fromelite universitiestendto.[A]lag behindthe othersdue todecreased opportunities[B]catch upquickly withexperienced employees[C]seetheirlifechancesas dimmedas the others”[D]recover morequickly thantheothers

40.The authorthinks thatthe influenceof hardtimes onsociety is.[A]certain[B]positive[C]trivial[D]destructivePart BDirections:Read thefollowing textand answerthe questionsby findinginformation fromthe leftcolumnthat correspondsto eachofthemarked detailsgiven inthe right column.There aretwo extrachoicesintherightcolumn.Markyour answerson ANSWERSHEERT

1.10pointsUniversal history,the history ofwhatman hasaccomplished inthis world,is atbottom theHistoryoftheGreat Menwho haveworked hereJ wrotethe Victoriansage ThomasCarlyle.Well,not anymore itisnot.Suddenly,Britain lookstohavefallen outwith itsfavourite historicalform.This couldbe nomorethan apassing literarycraze,but italso pointstoabroader truthabout howwe nowapproachthe past:less concernedwith learningfrom forefathersand moreinterested infeelingtheir pain.Today,we wantempathy,not inspiration.From theearliest daysoftheRenaissance,the writingof historymeant recountingtheexemplary lives of great men.In1337,Petrarch beganwork onhis ramblingwriting DeVirisIllustribus-On FamousMen,highlighting thevirtus orvirtue ofclassical heroes.Petrarchcelebrated theirgreatness inconquering fortuneand risingtothetop.This wasthe biographicaltraditionwhich Niccolo Machiavelli turnedon itshead.In ThePrince,the championedcunning,ruthlessness,and boldness,ratherthanvirtue,mercy andjustice,astheskills ofsuccessful leaders.Over time,the attributesof greatnessshifted.The Romanticscommemorated theleadingpainters andauthors of their day,stressing theuniqueness ofthe artistspersonal experienceratherthan public glory.By contrast,the Victorianauthor SamualSmiles wroteSelf-Help asacatalogue ofthe worthy livesof engineers,industrialists andexplores,The valuableexampleswhich theyfurnish ofthe powerof self-help,if patientpurpose,resolute workingand steadfastintegrity,issuing inthe formulationof trulynoble andmany character,exhibit,wrote0uSmiles.what itis inthe powerof eachto accomplishfor himself.His biographies of JamesWalt,Richard Arkwrightand JosiahWedgwood wereheld up as beaconsto guidethe workingmanthrough hisdifficult life.This wasall abit bourgeoisfor ThomasCarlyle,who focusedhis biographiesonthetruly heroiclivesof MartinLuther,Oliver Cromwelland NapoleonBonaparte.These epochal figuresrepresented liveshard to imitate,but tobe acknowledgedas possessinghigher authoritythanmere mortals.Communist Manifesto.For them,history didnothing,it possessedno immensewealth norwagedbattles:It isman,real,living manwho doesall that.And history shouldbethe storyofthe massesand theirrecord of struggle.As such,it neededto appreciatethe economicrealities,the socialcontexts andpower relationsin whicheach epochstood.For:Men maketheir ownhistory,but they donot make itjust asthey please;theydonotmakeit undercircumstanceschosen bythemselves,but undercircumstances directlyfound,given and transmitted fromthepast.”This wasthe traditionwhich revolutionizedour appreciationofthepast.In placeofThomas Carlyle,Britain nurturedChristopher Hill,EP Thompsonand EricHobsbawm.Historyfrom belowstood alongsidebiographiesofgreatmen.Whole new realms of understanding-fromgender torace tocultural studies-were opened upasscholars unpickedthe multiplicityoflostsocieties.And ittransformed publichistory too:downstairs becamejust asfascinating asupstairs.[A]emphasized thevirtue ofclassical heroes.

41.Petrarch[B]highlighted thepublicgloryoftheleading artists.

42.NiccoloMachiavellii[C]focused onepochalfigureswhose liveswere hardtoimitate.

43.Samuel Smiles[D]openedupnewrealmsofunderstandingthe greatmen inhistory.[E]held thathistoryshouldbethestoryofthe massesandtheir

44.Thomas Carlylerecordofstruggle.

45.Marx andEngels[F]dismissed virtueas unnecessaryfor successfulleaders.[G]depicted theworthylivesofengineerindustrialists ande xplorers.Part CDirections:Read thefollowing textcarefully andthen translateit intoChinese.Your translationshould bewrittenclearly onANSWERSHEET

2.15pointsWhen peoplein developingcountries worryabout migration,they areusually concernedatthe prospectoftheirbest andbrightest departureto SiliconValseyor tohospitals anduniversitiesin thedeveloped world.These arethe kindof workersthat countrieslike BritainCanada andAustraliatry toattract byusing immigrationrules thatprivilege collegegraduates.Lots ofstudies havefound thatwell-education peopleform developingcounting areparticularlylikelytoemigrants,A bigsurvey ofIndian householdsin2004found thatnearly40%of emigrantshad mornthan ahigh-school education.compared witharound

3.3%of allIndianover theage of

25.This braindrain haslong botheredpolicymakers inpoor counties.They fearthatit hurtstheir economies,depriving themof much-needed skilledworker whocould havetaughtat theiruniversities,worked intheir hospitaland comeup withclever newproduct fortheirfactories tomakeSection IVWritingPart A

47.Directions。