初中英语重点语法：三大从句总结

宾语从句

一、定义在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句

二、连接词that:I thinkthat you can passthe exam.Whether/if:I don t know what the word means.“Wh I don t knowwhat thewordmeans.I don t knowwhere hefound thebook.whether只用的情况与连用

1.or notIdontknow whetherit sraining or not.与动词不定式连用

2.He doesntknowwhether toaccept theinvitation.连接词前有介词时

3.It dependson whetherhe iscoming.

三、时态主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定各种时态均可

1.She wantsto knowwhat hehas donefor theexam..主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态21She said that she was astudent.2She saidthat she would flyto Japanin aweek.3She saidthat shehad finished herhomework already.for fear that-----生怕；为了防止（某事发生）He tookthe namedown forfearthat he shouldforget it.in case--------万一You shouldbring adictionary in case youneed it.Lest-----以防万一The mandecided totell hisboss thefact lesthe wouldbe angrywithhim.

7.让步状语从句引导让步状语从句的连词有Although,though,as,even if,even though,no matter,however,whatever,while,whether.Although,though-----虽然和可以互换，但although though常放在句首可以用于倒装although ThoughAlthough itwas raining,theplane managedto takeoff.Though hedid hisbest,he didntsucceed.As-----尽管引导让步状语从句时，句子通常倒装可与as though互换Busy as he is,he nevermisses afootbal1match.Even if/even though-----即使Even ifyou dont likeyour boss,you shoulddo yourwork.However-----不论，引导让步状语从句时，句子通常倒装howeverHe couldnt get there on time howeverfast hedrove.No matterwhat,when,where,how-----无论什么，何时，何地，怎样He wouldnt forgiveme nomatter howhard Ibegged him.Whatever-----不管Whatever otherpeople maysay,she wont changeher mind.While-----尽管While Ihave sympathyfor you,I can t helpyou.Whether-----不管，常与or not连用Whether heis goodornot,the companydecided tosend himabroad.

3.时态The teachersaidthat the earthgoes roundthe sun.定语从句

一、定义在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句

二、先行词先行词指人who/that先行词指物which/that定语从句一般紧跟被修饰的名词或代词（即先行词）后

三、关系代词关系代词代替先行词在句子中担当成分，所以从句中不可再出现其他代替先行词的代词

四、翻译方法”….的”Whom:先行词指人，则代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语（包括介词的宾语），与的区别是如果前面带介词则必须用who whom

1.This isthe teacherwhomwho welike best.

2.Idont likethe boyto whomyou aretalking.Whose:指人或物，作定语，表示“…的”eg:Harry isthe boywhose motheris ourmath teacher.that关系代词只能的特殊情况先行词前有序数词修饰时

1.This isthe firstgift thatmy parentsbought me.先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时

2.This isthe mostexciting filmthat Ihave everseen.先行词是不定代词等时.

3.something,anythinge.g.Is thereanything thatyou wantin thisshop先行词是人和物时，用

4.that.e.g.He talkedabout somewriters andbooks that were unknowntous al

1.先行词被（就是，正是）,

5.all,little,the only,the verythe last等词修饰时,，只能用thate.g.This isthe lastplace thatI wantto visit.特殊疑问句以或开头，只能用引导.

6.who whichthatWho isthe girlthat ismaking aspeech onthe platform当关系代词前使用介词时物+介词人+介词++which;whom当关系代词前使用介词时:e.g.

1.This isthe trainby whichwe wentto Beijing.

2.This isthe teacherto whommy motheris talking.状语从句在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子时间状语从句地点状语从句原因状语从句目的状语从句结果状语从句条件状语从句方式状语从句让步状语从句

二、状语从句一般分为八大类

1.时间状语从句When-—当……时候，通常指某一特定的时间点，主句与从句的动作同时发生When Iopened thewindow,I sawhim comeup.When--正在……的时候，突然…通常主句是进行时或时，在翻译的时候，可以译成没想到或be aboutto when突然I waswalking alongthe street,when Imet him.当从句是进行时，主句是一般时，往往表示不满WhenSomeone knockedat thedoor whenI washaving breakfast.When=afterWhen thechildren hadgone tobed,she beganto prepareher lessons.While-—在……期间，往往指一段时间While wewere inAmerica,we sawhim twice.表示一种不满情绪，意思是这边在干某种重要的事，而另一边在享受等While-—We arecleaning theclassroom whilethey areplaying thefootbal

4.原因状语从句和这because,as,since,now that,considering that,seeing that六个连词都用于表示表示原因，但在语气上一个比一个弱.Because-----因为，通常从句放在主句后.Mr Smithwas veryupset becausehe couldnt findhis luggage.As—-因为，通常放在句首As heis honestand modest,all hisfriends likehim.Since--既然因语气较弱，常译为既然（众所周知的原因）Since everybodyhas come,we canset off.Now that-----既然Now thatyouarehere,youcanjoin us.considering that-----顾及至（IConsidering that they arejust beginners,they aredoing quite agood job.seeing that-----由于（）Seeing thatquiteafew peoplewere absent,we decidedto putthemeeting off.

6.目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的主要连词有that,so that,in orderthat,for fearthat,lestSo that-一以便，从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如can,could,may,might,等shouldLet,stakethe frontseats sothatwemay seemore clearly.in orderthat-----为了，与相同从句中常常使用一些情sothat态动词，如等can,could,may,might,shouldSchool wasclosed earlyin orderthatthechildren mightgo homeaheadof thestorm.。