八年级下册英语语法笔记

八年级下册英语语法笔记Unit1语法本单元主要学习将来时态的表达

1.将来时态表示将要在将来的时间里发生的动作主要的时间状语有in thefuture,tomorrow,the dayafter tomorrow,next daymonth,year,in+段时间表示的将来时间，如in tenyears,in twoweeks等.将来时的肯定构成主语+will+V原+其他I will go to Beijing tomorrow.将来时的否定构成:主语+will+not won,t+V原+其他I wont go to Beijing tomorrow.将来时的疑问构成Will+主语+V原+其他？Will yougo toBeijing tomorrowYes,1will.No,I won,t.在英语中也可以用另外一种句子表示将来时肯定构成主语+be going to+V原+其他.I amgoing toBeijing tomorrow.否定构成主语+be going to+V原+其他.I amnot going toBeijingtomorrow.疑问构成Be+主语+going to+V原+其他Aryou going to BeijingYes,1am No,I amnot.两者的区别主要是1be going to表示有某种暗示Eg:It isgoing torain.通过看天气或云而判断出来的2be goingto有计划性，有某种打算I amgoingto be ateacher.除了以上之外，will和be goingto可以通用

2.There be句型表示“有，have也表示“有”，则“将要有”的表达如下:

①There isgoingtobe

②there willbe

③主语必须是人做主语+will have

④主语必须是人做主语+be goingto haveThere isgoingtobe asports meetingnextweek.=There willbe asports meetingnext week.I willhave a new toy car.=I amgoingtohave atoy car.没有there isgoingtohave,there willhave的表达

3.不定代词表示没有具体指代的人或物示物的不定代词everything,something,anything,nothing示人的不定代词everybody everyone,somebody someone,anybodyany one,nobodyno one注意所有的不定代词没有复数形式，只有单数形式Everyone staysstay at home.

4.a little,little,a few,few的区别及用法a littl^K A一点询必须加不可数名词little/尤乎没有eg:He isnew,so hehas fewfriends.eg:1am sothirsty,butlittle——less——least few—fewer——fewestthere islittle waterin theglass.I willbe freetomorrow.

5.free自由的adj费的Everything isfree,you needn,t takemoney.adjn.freedom自由

6.polution污染n.不可数名词There ismuch pollutionin thecity.

7.agree:v同意agree with sb.同意某人I agreewith you.agree—disagree=don,t agree19hear of听说20take aninterest in=be interestedin对感兴趣21make friendswith和交朋友Unit9语法本单元学习现在完成时态其肯定构成主语+have（has）+过去分词+其他否定构成主语+have（has）+not+过去分词+其他疑问构成Have\Has+主语+过去分词+其他？回答Yes,主语+have\has.No,主语+have\has+not.过去分词是动词的一种变化形式，其变化规则同动词过去式，某些动词的过去分词和动词过去式一致，但有一些是特殊的形式如:eateaten bebeenseeseen gogone等等，需要特殊记忆（-）表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果如Have youread thatstory你读过那个故事吗？（“读”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是是否知道故事的内容）1have boughttwo apples.我买了两个苹果（“买”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的结果是拥有两个苹果）在学习这一概念的同时，还应注意常及现在完成时连用的几个副词already,just,ever,yet,never等already,just多用于肯定句中，ever,yet,never多用于疑问句和否定句中其位置是放于havehas和过去分词之间如I have already finishedmy homework.我已经做完家庭作业了He hasjust hadhis meal.他刚吃过饭Have youever sungthis Englishsong你曾唱过这首英文歌吗？They haven，t startedyet.他们还没有动身We havenever heardof it.我们从来没有听说过这件事（-）表示过去已经开始,一直持续到现在的动作或状态

1、因为表示的是持续的动作或状态，所以使用的动词通常是延续性动词be,stay,study,wait,keep,have…等；

2、使用的时间状语通常由for或since引导，但二者后接的词有所不同for后常跟一个时间段，指某个动作到现在为止已持续了多长时间如for three years,for halfan hour等since作介词，后面可以接一个时间点，如since1980,也可以接“一段时间+ago，如since threeyears ago,since twomonthsago等since还可用作连词，引导一个过去时态的时间状语从句如We haveknown eachother sincewe wentto college.

3、非延续性动词不能直接和for或since连用，但我们可以找一个相应的延续性动词或动词短语来替换这些非延续性动词，如come—be,come to—be in/at,go out—be out,leave—be away,begin—be on,stop-be over,buy-have,borrow-keep,open-be open,close-*be closed,join-be amember of,die一be dead,catch acold-*have acold,get toknow一know,become ateacher一be ateacher,fall asleep—be asleep,fall ill一be ill等

4、句型It isthe first（second,third...）time that...的that从句中，谓语动词须用现在完成时，表示到说话时为止动作发生过几次如It isthe firsttime thatI have been here.

（三）现在完成时及一般过去时的用法比较

1、一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作说话的侧重点只在于陈述一件过去的事情•，不强调对〃现在〃产生的影响如He visitedGuilin in

1998.他1998年参观过桂林（只说明去桂林的时间）

2、现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，对现在造成了影响或产生了结果不及确定的过去时间状语连用如Jill hasbought a new computer.吉尔买了一台新电脑（着重点是现在有了一台新电脑）

3、两种时态的区分

（1）一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式，而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是〃助动词have/has+过去分词〃

（2）一般过去时通常及表示过去的时间状语连用如yesterday,last week,two yearsago,just now,in2002等；而现在完成时则常及just,already,ever,never等副词和these days,this week,since...,for...等表示一段时间的状语连用

（3）看看以下的几组句子，有什么区别？1Have youseen thefilm（A）Did yousee thefilm（B）［说明］你看过这部电影吗？（A）句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解；（B）句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过，并不强调是否知道其内容2How hashe doneit（A）How did he do it（B）［说明］他是怎么做的这件事？（A）句强调的是他做这件事的方式对现在产生了某种影响；（B）句单纯的询问做这件事的方式3He haslived in Beijing for8years.（A）He lived inBeijing for8years.（B）［说明］他在北京住了8年（A）句讲的是到目前为止他在北京住了8年，可能还会继续在北京住下去（B）句讲的是他在北京住过8年，现在不在北京了

二、现在完成进行时及现在完成时的区别

1.现在完成时可以表示一个已经完成的动作，而现在完成进行时则表示一个正在进行的动作如I haveread the book.我读过这本书I have been reading the book.我一直在读这本书【注】有少数动词如work,study,live,teach,stay等在表示持续一时间时用这两种时态含义差不多只是用现在完成进行进更强调动作的持续性如How longhave youworked[been working]here你在这儿工作多久了？Vve lived[been living]here since

1988.自1988年以来我就一直住在这儿

2.现在完成时通常只陈述事实，而现在完成进行时还可表示一种感情色彩如I havewaited for two hours.我等了两小时陈述事实I havebeen waitingfortwohours.我等了两个小时等得好辛苦

3.现在完成进行时通常用来谈论较短暂的动作或情况，若要谈论时间延续较长的动作或情况或永久性情况，则通常用现在完成时如He haslivedin Paris.他一直住在巴黎He has been livinginParis.他目前住在巴黎表暂时性

4.不用于进行时态的动词通常也不用于现在完成进行时，但它们可以用于现在完成时如T veonly knownher fortwo day.我认识她刚刚两天They vebeen marriedfor twentyyears.他们结婚已二十年了The warhas lastedfor along time.这场战争持续了很长时间

5.现在完成进行时不用于被动语态，若要用可用现在完成时的被动语态代替如The househas beenpainted fora month.这房子已漆了一个月The problemhas beenstudied forfive days.这个问题已研究了五天在Section A、B和阅读中必须掌握的短语1havebeen to到过某处2an amusementpark游乐园3a waterpark水上公园4a rollercoaster过山车5see sb.doing sth.看见某人正在做某事see sb.do sth.看见某人做了某事6walk around四处走动7take aride兜风8on board在船上9take differentroutes走不同的路线10end up结束11argue with sb.及某人争吵12an English-speaking country说英语的国家13an exchangestudent交换生14a flight attendant一名机组乘务员15a tourguide导游16such as例如17listening skills听力技能18in SoutheastAsia在东南亚19take aholiday度假20three quarters四分之三21have problemsin doing sth.做某事很费劲22during thedaytime=in theday在白天23all yearround全年，一年到头24wake up醒来，唤醒，叫醒UnitlO语法本单元主要学习反义疑问句反义疑问句的构成前肯后否，前否后肯，前陈后疑EgHe isa good boy,isn,t heYes,he is.No,he isn,t.He isnta goodboy,is heYes,he is.No,he isnt.注意在这里yes和no的翻译特殊的反义疑问句1陈述部分的主语是I,疑问部分要用arent I.r mas tallas yoursister,arent I2陈述部分的谓语是wish,疑问部分要用may+主语1wish tohave aword withyou,may I3陈述部分用no,nothing,nobody,never,few,seldom,hardly,rarely,little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义The Swedemade noanswer,didhe/sheSome plantsnever blown开花，do they4陈述部分有have to+v.had to+v.,疑问部分常用dont+主语didn，t+主语We haveto getthere ateight tomorrow,dont we5陈述部分有had better+v.疑问句部分用hadnt youYoudbetter readit byyourself,hadn，t you6陈述部分有Youd liketo+v.疑问部分用wouldnt+主语Youd liketo gowith me,wouldn，t you7感叹句中，疑问部分用be+主语What colours,aren，t theyWhata smell,isn，t it8陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything,that,nothing,this,疑问部分主语用itEverything isready,isn，t it9陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句，疑问部分有三种情况a.并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定Mr.Smith hadbeentoBeijingforseveral times,he shouldhavebeenin Chinanow,shouldn，t heb.带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定He is not theman whogave usa talk,is heHe said hewanted tovisit Japan,didn，t hec.上述部分主句谓语是think,believe,expect,suppose,imagine等引导的定语从句，疑问部分及宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句I dontthink heis bright,is heWebelieve shecan doit better,can，t she10陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody,anyone,somebody,nobody,no one等，疑问部分常用复数they,有时也用单数heEveryone knowsthe answer,don，t theydoes heNobodyknows aboutit,do theydoes he11带情态动词need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用need+主语We neednot doit again,need weHedare notsay so,dare you当need为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do+主语She doesn，t dareto gohome alone,does she12省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you0Don，t do that again,will youGowith me,will you/won，t you13Let，s开头的祈使句，后用shall weLetus开头的祈使句，后用will youLetsgo andlisten to the music,shall weLetus waitfor you in thereading-room,will you14陈述部分是〃there be〃结构的，疑问部分用there省略主语代词There issomething wrongwith yourwatch,isn，t thereTherewill not be anytrouble,will there15否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式It isimpossible,isn，t itHe isnotunkind tohis classmates,is he本单元需要掌握的短语1small talk闲聊2look through浏览，快速查看3a thank-you note一封感谢信4be friendlyto sb.对某人友好5feel likedoing sth.想要做6have ahard/difficult timedoing sth费了很大的劲做某事7come along到达，出现，跟着来，赶快8get along/on相处9at least至少在Section A中必须掌握的短语

①there willbe将要有

②in people s homes在人们的家里

③study athome oncomputers在家通过电脑学习©be free免费

⑤live tob…活到…

⑥in100years一百年以后

⑦less pollution更少的污染

⑧big andcrowded大而拥挤

⑨more tallbuildings更多的高大建筑物

8.alone,lonelyalone,独自一人强调一个人lonely,孤独的；寂寞的强调内心的孤独，寂寞

9.keep:饲养I likekeeping pets.使某人keep sb.doing sth I keephim waiting.Keep quiet.保持keep sth+adj Pleasekeep the room clean.I livealone,but Tdon,t feellonely.

10.can/be able to区别共同点含义相同能够不同点can是情态动词，只有一般现在时态和过去时态be able to可用于各种时态，be动词随主语的不同要做相应的变化He canplay soccer.=He isabletoplay soccer.

11.need:双重身份的动词1情态动词+V原I needanewbike.2行为动词need to do sthI needto buyanewbike.

12.Predicting thefuture canbe difficult.Predicting在这里是动名词做主语动名词虽然是名词，但是也具有动词性质,表示动作，但是名词就没有动作性质predict v预测n.prediction n.预测，预言

13.One of+名词复数+动词单数+其他….的之一He isone of the beststudents.他是最好的学生之一

14.be usedby被用于,••・The bikeis usedby riding.

15.see sbdoing sth看见某人正在做某事I seehim playingsoccer.see sbdo sth看见某人做了某事I sawhim playsoccer.在Section B中必须掌握的短语

①fell inlove with爱上

②as areporter作为一个记者

③living alone独自一人居住

④on theweekend在周末

⑤one day一天

⑥World Cup世界杯

⑦for fun为了娱乐

⑧from now从现在

⑨work for sb为某人工作⑩job interview工作面试QDfly to飞向…⑫come true实现

16.help:help sbdo sth=help sbwith doing sth=help sbwith sthHehelps meclean theroom.=lle helpsme withcleaning theroom.

17.such\so表示“如此”时的区别such a\an+adj.+单数名词He issuch aclever boy.so+adj.+a\an+单数名词=He isso clevera boy.

18.try y二1try to do sth努力做某事I try to listenhim carefully.try doing尝试做某事try one s bestto do sth尽某人最大努力做某事I trymy bestto helpher.我尽我最大努力帮助她

19.the same.as同,一一样He hasthe samepen asme.注意same前面的the永远不可以丢掉

20.make vmake sbdo sth使某人做某事Playing gamesmake mebe happy,make sb+adj使某人,••・=Playing gamesmake mehappy.

21.It is+adj for sb.to do sth.对于某人来说做某事是adj.It isimportant forus tobe healthy.It iseasy fora childto wakeup.

22.seem:v.彳以乎1seem to do sth He seemstobewrong.2Tt seemsseemed that+….It seemsthat heis wrong.

23.over andover again再三地They dosimple jobsover andover again.Unit2语法本单元主要学习表示建议的句子

1.should情态动词肯定形式主语+should+动词原形否定形式主语+should+not+动词原形疑问形式Should+主语+动词原形？Yes,主语+should.No,主语+shouldn t.

2.want:want to do sth.want sb.to do sth want+n.

3.enough:adj.足够的enough+n.或n.+enough I have enough money.=I havemoney enough,adv.足够地adj.+enough切记enough修饰形容词只能放在后面He isold enough.enough+n.to do sth/adj+enough to do sthEg:I have enough booksto read.He isold enough to go to school.

4.argue v.争吵argue with sb.和某人争吵He alwaysargues withhis friends.argue about sth争吵某事They arearguing aboutthe mathtest.n.argument Theyhad abig argument.

9.give him a ticket5out ofstyle过时的=old-fashioned Myclothes areout ofstyle.to aball game给他.一张球赛的票不过时的in style注意这里的介词用to,类似的搭6What swrong怎么了？=What sthe matter=What sthe troublewrite配还有:the answerto the.7hima letter给他写一封信=write aletter tohim call sb up给某.

810.人su打rprPilseea:sen.c惊al讶l mteouopnewhesnsyuoruprairseef使re某e.人惊讶的是To mysurprise,he passedthe mathtest..call sbat+号码Pilneassuerpcrailsleh惊er讶a地t8H8e17l1o8o5k8e.d atme insurprise.v.surprise at sth对,•・感至才惊讶He surprisedat thetoycar.surprise sb使某人惊讶I dont wantto surprisehim.adj.surprising主语是物/surprised主语是人

11.talk aboutsth谈论某事talk to\with sb.和某人谈话

12.lpay for支付；花费金钱question,the keyto the door.主语必须是人spend・.g.in doing sth2）spend:花费（时间或金钱）主语必须是人spend・•・.on sth3）cost:花费（时间或金钱）主语必须是物4）take:花费（时间或金钱）只能用it做主语,公式是:It takestook sb.some timemoney to do sth.用口诀记住四个表示“花费”的单词2人1物1it.ADl paidten yuanfor the book.

②I spntten yuanin buyingthe book.\I spentten yuanon the book我花10元钱买了这本书

③The took costme tenyuan.

④It tookme tenyuan tobuy thebook.

13.borrow sth.from sb.从某人借某物强调主语向里面借He borrowedthebookfrom his friend.lend sthto sb.向某人借某物强调主语向外面借He1ended thebook tohisfriend.

14.either:也，放在否定句的末尾，用逗号隔开He doesn,t have any money,either.任一的，当either做主语时动词要用单数形式Ei therof theanswer isright.

15.ask:1要ask sb.for sth.向某人要某物He askedhis parentsfor themoney.2问ask thequestions问问题ask the teacher问老师ask sbabout sth问某人关于某事He askedme somequestions aboutthe vacation.3让ask sbto do sth让某人做某事He asksme to clean theroom.ask sbnot to do sth让某人不做某事He asksme not to clean theroom.

16.buy sbsth=buy sthforsb给某人买东西注意介词是for不是toHe boughtme a gift.=He boughtagiftto me.在Section A中必须掌握的短语1want me to stayathome想要我呆在家里2play…too loud放…太大声3argue withsb同某人争吵4out ofstyle过时5write himaletter给他写一封信6callsbup给某人打7go tohis house去他的家8give hima ticketto aball game给他一张球赛的票9talk aboutit on the phone通过谈论它10pay for支付11part/ful1-time job兼职/全职工作12ask for要….13get atutor tocome tohis home.找一个家教来他的家

17.than是比较级的标志，请参考8上U

6.

18.tell:告诉tell sbabout sth告诉某人关于某物He istaller thanme.tallHe toldme aboutthe Chinesehistory.tell sbto do sth告诉某人做某事He toldme tocleanthe classroom.tell sbnot to do sth告诉某人不要做某事He toldme not tocleantheclassroom.19invite:v.邀请invite sbto don.sth邀请某人做某事He invitedme tojoin theEnglish club.邀请invitation Ireceived hisinvitation.

20.excetp:除了I haveread all the storybook that you Tendedto meexcept thisone.

21.I don,t knowwhat I should do.-------爽语从句主/谓t4宾语从4注意当主句的主语（宾语）和宾语从句的主语相同时可以改写为简单句:I dont knowwhat to do.场宾语从句变为特殊疑问词+动词不定式就变成简单句）Eg:1Please tell me whenIshouldleave.=Please tellme whento leave.2I dont knowhow Igo toShanghai.=I don,t knowhow to gotoShanghai.

22.leave:leave离开I willleave forBeijingtomorrow.曾下、忘记I leftthebookat homework.当leave表示忘记时不同于forget.leave表示忘记的是东西，forget表示忘记的是事情Eg:1leave thekeys in the car.I forgotto lockthe door.

23.be angrywiLh sb和某人生气I amangry withniy bestfriend.be angry at sth和某事生气I amangryatmy mathtest.

24.fight vfight withsb和某人打架n.have afight withsb.和某人打架I alwaysfight withmy sister.=I alwayshave afight withmy sister.

25.get on相处get onwithsb.和某人相处get onwell withsb.和某人相处融洽

26.Could youplease do sth注意please后面的动词要用原形Could youplease giveme somewater

27.advice:建议不可数名词Please giveme some advice.在Section B及阅读中必须掌握的短语1in style时尚2find out发现3the sameage asme和我一样的年纪4get onwell相处融洽5have afight withsb和某人打架6talk about谈论7say tosb对某人说…・.8angry withme和某人9as muchas possible尽可能10complain about抱怨…11take partin参加12know about了解13compare*••with比较14on theone hand***,on theother hand-方面…•.在另一方面Unit3语法本单元主要学习过去进行时的表达

1.过去进行时态表示在过去的时间里正在发生的动作过去进行时的时间状语:at7o clockyesterday,由when或while引导的时间状语过去进行时的肯定构成主语+was\were+Ving+其他.否定构成主语+was\wcre+not+Ving+其他疑问构成Were\Was+主语+Ving+其他？Yes,主语+was\were・No,主语+wasn t\weren,t.

2.when和while都可以引导时间状语用在过去进行时态的句子，两者的区别是1when+过去时，主句+过去进行时Eg:When the UFO landed,1was readingthebook.当不明飞行物着陆时，我正在读书When时译为当…时候”表示在landed的瞬间，另一个动作reading正在进行上面的句子二I was reading whenthe UFO landed.我正在读书，正在这时，UFO着陆了这里when翻译为正在这时,表示耳reading时，另一个动作发生While+过去进行时，主句+过去时While I was reading,the UFOlanded.while翻译为正在这时，表示在reading时、另一个动作发生.2when既可以接延续性动词，也可以接非延续性动词while只能接延续性动词

3.arrive in+大地点arrive at+小地点get to+地点reach+地点I wasreading whwatheUFOlanded.wasreadingwhile theUFOlanded.

4.follow sb.to do sth.跟着某人做某事I followhim toenter theclassroom.follow sbaround到处跟着某人Please dont followme around.在Section A必须掌握的短语1sleep late睡懒觉2get outof从…出来3talk onthe phone通过谈4cut hair剪头发5Museum ofFlight飞行博物馆6go intoa store进入一个商店7walk down沿着…走8take off起飞9unusual experience不寻常的经历10land right正好着陆

5.shout at sb对某人大喊表示不礼貌的喊叫Don I shout aLme.shout tosb对某人大喊表示希望对方听见而大喊Ishoutto thedrive,but thedrive can,t hear.

6.in the tree在树上外来的用in Thecat isinthe tree.onthetree在树上外来的用on Leaveare onthetree.

7.think about考虑think aboutdoing sth考虑做某事He thoughtabout goingto Canada.

8.say tosb对某人说He saidto me that hewas wrong.在Section B及阅读中必须掌握的短语1take aphoto照相2walk to school走向学校3get outof从…出来4run away跑开5think about考虑.

9.in silence沉默7take place发生8all overthe world全世界Unit4语法本单元主要学习直接引语和间接引语

1.我们把引述别人的话语可归纳为两种方式直接引语和间接引语直接引述别人的话语，并置于引号之内的句子称为直接引语用自己的语言转述别人的话语「称为间接引语，间接一般构成宾语从句..Eg:The teacherasked,“Do youlike English“老师问“你喜欢英语吗？直接引语The girlsaid thatshe1iked Englishvery much.女孩说她非常喜欢英语间接引语

2.直接引语变间接引语的变化形式基本形式是人称变，时态变，时间状语变人称变口诀1随主，2看宾，3不变时态变引述动词如果用一般现在时或一般将来时，间接引语的时态不变引述动词如果用一般过去时，间接引语的时态要变成相应的过去时态的一种时态具体变化如下一般现在时f一般过去时一般过去时f过去完成时现在进行时f过去进行时现在完成时一过去完成时一般将来时一过去将来时过去进行时一不变can-*could时间状语的变化now fthen lastmonth-*the monthbeforetoday f that daytonight fthat nightthis weekfthatweek three days ago-threedaysbefore tomorrowfyesterday theday beforethe thenext daynext monthfthenext monthdayafter tomorrowin twodays

3.注意如果出项以下词也要有相应的变化地点状语的变化here there指示代词的变化this-*that thesef those谓语动词的变化come fgo

4.直接引语变为间接引语的情况

1.直接引语为陈述句1将直接引语变为由that引导的宾语从句，接在谓语动词之后that可以省略例如He said,“I forgotto callyou yesterday.n—He saidthat hehad forgottento callme theday before.他说她前一天忘记给我打了2如果引述动词是say tosb.，则通常改为tell sb.sth.结构例如:He saidto me,“Your bikeis broken.v她对我说“你的自行车坏了”—He toldmethatmy bikewas broken.他对我说我的自行车坏了

2.直接引语为一般疑问句直接引语为一般疑问句，将直接引语变为由if/whether+陈述句引导的宾语从句，句中时态、人称、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要做相应的变化若直接引语的引述动词为say,应改为ask.例如Mary askedme,“Is Helenfrom the United States”玛丽问我，“凯伦时美国人吗”-*Mary askedme whether/if Helenwas fromtheUnitedStates.玛丽问我海伦是否时美国人

3.直接引语为特殊疑问句直接引语为特殊疑问句，将直接引语变为由特殊疑问句+陈述语序的宾语从句例如John askedme,“Where doesZhou Xuncome from,,-John askedme whereZhou Xuncame from.约翰问我周迅时哪儿的人

4.直接引语如果是祈使句其结构是:肯定句ask\order\tell sb.to do sth.否定句ask\order\tell sb.notto do sth.He said:Open the door.He askedmeto open thedoor.He said:Don,t openthedoor.He askedme nottoopenthedoor.

5.如果直接引语是客观事实不变He said:The sunis biggerthan themoon.He saidthe sunis biggerthan themoon.在Section A必须掌握的短语1happen onsth在某事上发生2have asurprise party有一个惊喜的晚会3on Fridaynight在周五的晚上4come tomy houseto study来我家学习5be mad at sb=be angrywithsb对某人生气6first ofall首先7pass onthe passage传递信息8be supposedtodo sth应该做某事本单元涉及到的语法

1..be good at=do wellin在某方面擅长Eg:I amgoodatEnglish.=1do wellin English,be betterat=do betterin

2.be sorry todo sth抱歉，遗憾做某事I amsorry tohear youare ill.

3.finish:v.finish doing sth完成做某事He finishedreadingtheEnglish book.

4.surprise:v be surprised todo sth很惊讶做某事I amsurprised tohear thegood news.besurprisedatsth在某事上惊讶n.to one,s surprise使某人惊讶的是…To mysurprise,he passedthe mathtest.adj.surprised主语是人surprising主语是物

5.be madatsb=be angrywithsb和某人生气Don,tbemadatme.不要和我生气在Section B和阅读中必须掌握的短语1end-of-year exam期末考试2report card成绩单3get nervous紧张4have abig fight打架5copy myhomework抄袭我的作业6be sure确信7get overit克服它8sound likefun听起来好9one sown sth某人自己的东西10open upone seyes tothe outside打开外面的视野

6.be sorrytodo sth很抱歉，遗憾做某事I amsorrytohear youhave acold.Unit5语法本单元学习条件状语从句1条件状语从句结构If+一般现在时态，将来时态或将来时态+if+一般现在时If it doesn,t rain,I willgo shopping.=1willgoshopping ifitdoesn,t rain.2happen:1当“发生”含义时主语只能是物，不能是人This happened in

1988.2表示某人发生了什么事用happen tosb Acar accidenthappened toLi Ming.3happen是不及物动词London happenedthis story.错This storyhappenedinLondon.对4当表示“碰巧”的含义时，主语可以是人公式是Sb happens\happened todo sth主语碰巧做某事二It happens\happened that***Eg:Ile happenedto meethis oldfriends.=It happenedthat hemet hisfriends.

3.help:v.1help sbdo sth帮助某人做某事He helped me studybetter.4help sbwith sth在某方面帮助某人He helpedme withmath.5help sbwith doing sthHehelpedmewith studyingmath.6can,t helpdoingsth禁不住做某事He cant helpcrying.n.不可数I needyour help.

4.When isa goodtime todosth什么时候是做某事的好时间When isa goodtime tohave aparty

5.the rules for……的规定I wanLyou toremember Lherulesforschool parties.

6.let sbin让某人进入Let sbout让某人出去If youdothat,theteacherwon,t let youin.

7.ask:ask sbtodosth让某人做某事The teacherswill askthem to leave.ask sbnottodosth让某人不做某事The teacherwill askthem nottoleave.

8.have\has todosth不得不做某事Ihaveto finishthe work.

9.Me too.我也是.也可以用So+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语也是表达某人也如此的含义EgTom studieswell,so didLiMing.Tom学习好，李明也如此She willfly toShanghai,so wi11my teacher.Mary isagoodgirl,so isJenny.

10.Why notdosth为什么不做某事？Why nothave lunch为什么不吃午餐呢？一定是动词原形在Section A必须掌握的短语1haveagreat/good/nice/wonderful time玩得高兴=have fun=enjoy oneself2at theparty在晚会上3end ofyear party年终晚会4take---away拿走，取走5allthetime=always一直，始终，总是6ID card身份证7the rulesfor..的规定8the oldpeopleshome老年之家

11.be abletodosth能够做某事I amabletomake akite.

12.make a living bydoingsth通过某种方式谋生Ue makesalivingby sellthe newspaper.他通过卖报纸谋生

13.get\be injured受伤I falldown fromthetree,Iwasinjured.

14.decide:decide todosth二make uponesmind todosth=make adecision todosthdecide onsth在Section B必须掌握的短语1make money赚钱2round the world=all overtheworld全世界，世界各地3gotocollege上大学4work hard努力工作学习5a professionalathlete职业运动员6a dreamjob理想的职业7make aliving谋生8play sports进行体育运动二get/do exercise9get injured受伤10in fact事实上，实际上11mobile phone移动12too much太多13laugh at嘲笑，因而发笑Unit6语法本单元主要学习现在完成进行时

1.现在完成进行表示现在以前这一段时间里一直在进行的动作，这动作可能仍在进行，也可能已停止其肯定结构是主语+have\hasbeen doingsth否定结构是主语+have\has+not+beendoingsth疑问结构是Have\Has+主语+beendoing sthYes,主语+have\has.No,主语+have\has+not.如It hasbeen rainingsince lastSunday.自上周星期日以来就一直在下雨Hesbeen watchingtelevision allday.他看了一天电视了在Section A必须掌握的短语1how long多长，多久2a skatingmarathon滑冰马拉松3a pairof一双，一副,一把，一条4raise moneyfor charity为慈善机构募捐，筹钱5the wholefive hours整整五个小时6three and a halfyears三年半=threeyearsandahalf在Section B和阅读中必须掌握的短语1thanks for因而表示感谢2run outof用完，用尽3by the way顺便说一下，顺便问一下4in Russianstyle以俄罗斯的风格5fly kites放风筝6a talentshow才艺表演7finish doingsth.结束做某事8be interestedin对…感兴趣9Chinese dynasty中国的王朝10famous characters著名人物11think of考虑，想起12in Russianstyle俄罗斯的风格

13.tell sb.aboutsth.把的情况告诉某人

14.enjoy doingsth.喜爱做某事

15.the OlympicGames奥运会二the Olympics16far away在远处Unit7语法本单元学习表示委婉句子的表达

1.Would youmind doingsth你介意做…否定Would youmind notdoingsth=Could youplease dosth否定Could youplease notdosth其答语通常是Sorry,I11doitright now.\No,not at all.等.注意不用yes回答在Section A必须掌握的短语1turn down音量放小，光线调暗turn up音量放大，光线调亮turn on打开开关、按钮turn off关开关、按钮2not atall一点也不3right away=in aminute立刻，马上4do/wash thedishes洗碗5put on穿上动作6help sb.with sth.帮助某人做某事7make posters制作海报

2.try:1trytodosth努力做某事try nottodosth2try doingsth尝试做某事3try ones besttodosth尽某人最大努力做某事

3.the wayto+地点通向…的路Can youtellmethewaytothehospital在SectionB和阅读中必须掌握的短语1havealong telephoneconversation煲粥2wait inline排队3cut inline插队4follow sb.around跟在某人周围5get mad=get annoy=get angry生气，感到恼火6try nottodosth.尽力不去做某事7seem like看上去像8even if/though尽管、即使9take care=be careful小心10in publicplaces在公众场合11in public公开地，当众地12break therule不遵守规则13put out熄灭14pick up捡起、拾起Unit8语法本单元学习表示建议的句子

1.Why dontyoudosth=Why notdosth=What\How about+doing sthEg:Why don,tyougive yourmother a scarfWhy notgive yourmother ascarfHow\What aboutgiving yourmother ascarf

2.too:too放在句子中修饰形容词表示“太EgHe istoo thin.too放在句子末尾表示“也Nice tomeet you,too.

3.enough:1修饰名词放前放后均可enoughmoney\money enough2修饰形容词放在后面He isold enough.3adj/adv.+enoughtodosthHeisold enoughtogotoschool.4enough+n.todosthIhaveenoughtime todo homework.

4.get sbsth二get sthforsb.get=buyHe getsmeascarf.=lie getascarffor me.在Section A.B和阅读中必须掌握的短语1photo album相册2leave school毕业离校3take careof=look after照顾，照看4too…to…太而不能5these days目前,现在6a pot-bellied pig大肚猪7not…atall根本不，一点也不8fall asleep入睡9give away分发，赠送10pay for付的款11rather than而不是12in differentways以不同的方式