刘鹤在世界经济论坛2023年年会上的特别致辞

刘鹤在世界经济论坛年年会上的特别致辞2023尊敬的施瓦布主席，女士们、先生们、朋友们Dr.Klaus Schwab,Ladies andGentlemen,大家上午好！非常感谢施瓦布先生的邀请，让我有机会再次来到美丽的达沃Friends,斯我上次参加达沃斯论坛是年五年过去了，我们经历了各种出乎意料的事件，2018世界政治经济图景已经发生深刻变化在这样的背景下，今年年会以“在分裂的世界中加强合作”为主题，意义重大Good morning!Let mebegin bythanking Dr.Schwab for inviting meto Davosagain.The lasttime Icame herewas

2018.Over the past five years,we haveexperiencedall kindsof unexpectedevents,and witnessedprofound changesin the world,spolitical andeconomic landscape.Therefore,the themeof this year sAnnualMeeting,^Cooperation in a FragmentedWorld,cannot bemore relevant.相互了解是加强合作的重要前提线上交流再多，技术手段再先进，也代替不了直接见面我这两天见了不少老朋友，感到非常温暖借此机会，我想当面向大家简要介绍中国经济的情况年，中国顺利完成了重要国内政治议程，成功召开中共二十2022大，选举产生了以习近平主席为核心的新的中央领导集体，擘画了未来五年乃至更长时期中国式现代化发展的宏伟蓝图Mutual understandingis an important prerequisitefor cooperation.Onlinecommunication,no matterhow frequentor howtechnologically advanced,is nosubstituteforin-person meetings.I hadquite anumber ofvery warmmeetings withsomeold friendsthese twodays.Hopefully,at thisface-to-face meeting,I canhelpyou understand the Chinese economy better.In2022,China completedits majorpoliticalagenda.We heldthe20th National Congress of the CommunistParty ofChinaCPC,and electedthe newcentral leadershipwith PresidentXi Jinpingatits core.We drewup anambitious blueprintfor advancingChinese modernizationin the comingfive yearsand beyond.我们在不久前召开了中国的年度中央经济工作会议，按照中共二十大精神，对年2023经济工作作出部署从年情况看，中国经济增长肌保持了就业稳定、物价稳20223定，城镇调查失业率肌居民消费价格指数肌经常项目顺差占比重略高于

5.62GDP虬年，我们将坚持稳中求进工作总基调，继续实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货22023币政策，努力保持合理的经济增长，保持物价和就业总体稳定我们要着力扩大国内需求，推动产业链供应链循环畅通，支持民营经济健康发展，深化国有企业改革，欢迎更多外资来华，防范化解经济金融风险我们相信，经过努力，年中国经济将2023实现整体性好转，增速达到正常水平是大概率事件，预计今年进口会明显增加，企业会加大投资力度，居民消费会回归常oLast month,we heldthe annualCentral EconomicWork Conferenceto makeplans for2023in linewith thedeployment ofthe20th CPCNationalCongress.In2022,Chinas growthwas3%.And wemanaged tokeep jobsand pricesstable.Urban surveyedunemploymentrate was

5.6percent,CPI wastwo percent,and currentaccountsurplus wasslightly abovetwo percent of GDP.In2023,we willcontinue totry tomake progresswhile maintainingstability,and followa proactivefiscal policyand aprudent monetarypolicy.We willstriveto maintainreasonable economicgrowth,and keepprices andjobs stable.More focuswillbe placedon expandingdomestic demand,keeping supplychains stable,supporting theprivate sector,reforming thestate-owned enterprisesSOEs,attracting foreigninvestment,and preventingeconomic andfinancial risks.If wework hardenough,we areconfident thatgrowth willmost likelyreturn toitsnormal trend,and theChinese economywill seea significantimprovement in

2023.A noticeableincrease ofimport,more investmentby companies,andconsumption returningback tonormal canbe expected.回顾过去十年，中国从万亿元增加到万亿元，人均预期寿命从岁提高GDP

5412174.8到岁，对世界经济增长的贡献率达到左右能够取得这样的成绩，至少有五

78.236%点经验第一，必须坚持发展是第一要务，坚持以经济建设为中心在新的形势下，要完整全面准确贯彻创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的新发展理念，有力推动经济高质量发展第二，必须坚持社会主义市场经济改革方向充分发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用，更好发挥政府作用有的人说中国要搞计划经济，这是绝对不可能的要坚定不移深化国有企业改革，毫不动摇支持民营经济发展壮大，促进公平竞争，反对垄断，弘扬企业家精神第三，必须坚持全方位扩大对外开放对外开放是中国的基本国策，开放是促进改革和发展、推动中国经济进步的重要动力，中国的大门只会越开越大第四，必须坚持依法治国依法保护产权和知识产权，营造市场化、法治化、国际化的营商环境无论政府行为还是市场行为，都必须在法治轨道上运行第五，必须坚持创新驱动发展大力推动创新，发展教育，重视人力资本的提升，重视金融、科技、产业的三角循环，努力提高劳动生产率这些经验是我们从改革开放以来一直奉行的重要做法，必须长期坚持，毫不动摇Over thepast tenyears,China,s GDPgrew from54trillion to121trillion yuan;average lifeexpectancy rosefrom

74.8to

78.2years;and contributionto globalgrowthreached around36percent.There arefive thingsthat wealways bearinmind inmaking suchachievements.First,we mustalways takeeconomic developmentas theprimary andcentral task.Under the new circumstances,guided bythe philosophyof innovative,coordinated,green,open andshared development,high-quality economicdevelopment mustalwaysbe ourgoal.Second,we mustalways makeestablishing asocialist marketeconomy thedirectionof ourreform.We mustlet the market playa decisiverole inresources allocation,let thegovernment playa betterrole.Some peoplesay China will gofor theplannedeconomy.That,s by no meanspossible.We willdeepen SOEreform,supportthe privatesector,and promotefair competition,anti-monopoly andentrepreneurship.Third,we mustalways promoteall-round opening-up.Opening-up,as abasic statepolicy,is acatalyst ofreform anddevelopment,and akey driverof economicprogressin China.China sdoor to the outsidewill onlyopen wider.Fourth,we mustalways upholdthe ruleof law.We mustprotect property rightsand IPRsin accordancewith the1aw.We mustcreate aworld-class andmarket-oriented businessenvironment underpinnedby asound legalframework.Bothgovernment andmarket activitiesmust staywithin theconfines oflaw.Fifth,we mustpursue innovation-driven development.We mustpromote innovationandeducation,grow humancapital,foster asound interactionof finance,technology andindustry,and boostproductivity.The abovefive pointsare theimportant experiencewe havelearned andgained sinceChina started itsreform andopening-up.We muststick to them andnever waverinour commitment.在这里，我想再简要介绍三个问题第一，中国防范化解金融风险特别是房地产业相关风险的情况；第二，中国促进经济双循环的考虑；第三，中国推动共同富裕的考虑Let mealso brieflytouch uponthree issuesabout theChineseeconomyyou mightbeinterested in:first,where weare inresolving financialrisks,those in thereal estatesector inparticular;second,our thinkingon thedual circulation;third,the rationalebehind China,s goalof common prosperity.过去五年中国出现一些金融风险，主要是由于宏观经济下行、金融监管不严、经营主体盲目扩张、内部人控制等因素共同造成的我们打了一场攻坚战，果断处置了一批高风险大型企业集团，处置高风险中小金融机构，处置不良资产，压缩影子银行规模，应对资本市场异常波动经过努力，中国的金融体系总体保持了稳健，守住了不发生系统性风险的底线我们正在制定《金融稳定法》，为下一步化解金融风险、维护金融稳定提供法律保障The financialrisks thatemerged inChina overthepastfiveyearsare aresultof multiplefactors,including macroeconomicdownturn,loose financialsupervision,imprudent businessexpansion,and insidercontrol.We foughta toughbattleto address these risks.We dealtwith conglomeratesas wellas smallandmedium-sized financialinstitutions ofhigh risks,disposed ofdistressed assets,curbed shadowbanking activities,and handledunusual volatilityinthecapitalmarket.Thanks tothese efforts,we havemanaged tomaintain overallfinancial stabilityandprevented systemicrisks.We aredrafting theFinancial StabilityLaw rightnow,which isexpected toprovide legalsafeguards fordefusing risksand maintainingfinancialstability as we goforward.房地产业是中国国民经济的支柱产业与房地产相关的贷款占银行信贷的比重接近40%,房地产业相关收入占地方综合财力的房地产占城镇居民资产的年下半年50%,60%20210以来，中国房地产市场出现价格和销售急剧下降现象，房地产企业普遍出现流动性不畅、资产负债表恶化，个别头部企业面临重大风险我们认为，房地产领域风险如果处置不当，很容易引发系统性风险，必须及时干预，但要注意处理好系统性风险和道德风险的关系第一，通过保护契约和产权，稳定预期针对涉及全国万居民的188多个已付款未交付项目，我们从“保交楼”入手，使市场避免恐慌第二，大量2600输血，改善房地产企业的流动性，主要包括商业银行提供贷款、为房企发债提供担保、促进股权融资等第三，放松在房地产市场过热期间采取的管制措施，扩大有效需求，使房地产公司具备造血功能通过这些努力，市场供求关系开始明显改善从未来看，中国仍处于城市化较快发展阶段，巨大的需求潜力将为房地产业发展提供有力支撑Real estatesector is still apillar forChina seconomy.It accountsfor nearly40percent ofbank lending,50percent ofoverall localgovernment fiscalresources,and60percentofurban householdassets.From thesecond halfof2021,Chinaexperienced arapid declinein propertyprices andhome sales.Many propertydeveloperssuffered fromliquidity shortageand deterioratingbalance sheet.Therisks ofa handfulof leadingproperty developersare particularlynoticeable.If nothandled properly,risks inthe housingsector arelikely totrigger systemicrisks.That iswhy promptsteps mustbe takento addressthem.That said,however,we shouldalso preventpossible moralhazards whiledoing so.Here iswhat we havedone.First,we havestabilized expectationsby honoringcontracts andprotectingproperty rights.For the2,600-plus pre-sold butunfinished housingprojects thatconcern

1.88million peopleacross thecountry,we havemade ensuringtheirdelivery apriority,and thishelped preventpanic inthe market.Second,we haveconducted massive“blood transfusion^tothereal estatesector.The liquiditysituation ofreal estatecompanies hasbeen greatlyenhanced bywayof freshbank lending,bond issuanceguarantee,and equityfinancing.vThird,we havehelped thereal estatesector with“blood formation.We haverelaxedrestrictions thatwere onceintroduced toaddresstheoverheating intheproperty market.Such adjustmenthas expandedeffective demandand enabledpropertydevelopers togenerate revenue.Thanks tothese efforts,the supplyanddemand inthemarkethas seennoticeable improvement.Looking ahead,China surbanizationisstillon afast track,andtheenormous potentialdemand generatedinthis processwill providea strongunderpinning forthe developmentoftherealestate sector.当前，中国正在加快构建以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局国内循环重点是扩大内需，完善产业体系，形成以消费拉动为主的增长模式，推动经济实现再平衡这个逻辑是年以来的国际共识顺畅的国内循环需要加强国2008际分工和合作，扩大对外贸易和利用外资新发展格局是开放的国内国际双循环中国的基本国情决定了必须对外开放，不断提高对外开放质量和水平，我们反对单边主义、保护主义，希望全面加强国际合作，共同维护世界经济稳定和发展，推动经济再全球化Right now,China isstepping upefforts tofoster anew development paradigm withdomesticcirculation asthe mainstayand domesticand internationalcirculationsreinforcing eachother.The focusof domesticcirculation ison expandinginternaldemand,promoting industrialupgrade,developing aconsumption-led growthmodel,and re-balancing theeconomy.This is a logicreflecting internationalconsensussince

2008.However,for domesticcirculation tofunction well,it mustrely oninternationaldivision of labor andcooperation,as we11as moreforeign tradeandinvestment.Therefore,thenewdevelopmentparadigmof dual-circulation isto be pursuedin anopen economy.China,s nationalreality dictatesthat openingup totheworldis amust,notan expediency.We mustopen upwider andmake itwork better.We opposeunilateralismand protectionism,and lookforward to strengthening internationalcooperationwith allcountries forworld economicstability anddevelopment,and中国已经全面建成小康社会，实现共the promotionof economicre-globalization.同富裕是我们提出的重要社会发展目标，也是实现中国长治久安的历史性任务这是一项长远任务，需要逐步实现，不可能一蹴而就我们讲的共同富裕，强调的是避免两极分化,最终还是要靠共同发展，靠每个人的艰苦奋斗和勤劳致富，绝不是搞平均主义和福利主义随着中国发展，全体国民富裕程度将不断提高，但任何情况下人们的收入水平、富裕程度都将存在一定差异也就是说，在机会面前人人平等，但结果还是不一样的在推动共同富裕的历史过程中，包括外商在内的企业家都将发挥发动机的重要作用，因为他们是社会财富创造的关键要素，如果没有财富的逐步积累，共同富裕就成了无源之水、无本之木Now thatChina hascompleted themission ofbuilding amoderately prosperoussocietyin allrespects,wehavecome upwith anew socialdevelopment goalofachieving commonprosperity,a historicalmission thatwill help us ensurelastingstability.It is a long-term taskthat requiresan incrementaland gradualapproach.It isnot somethingto beachieved overnight.Common prosperity,aswesee it,is aimedat preventingpolarization.It canonlybe attainedthrough commondevelopment andthe hardwork ofevery Chinese.Commonprosperity isbynomeans asynonym ofegalitarianism orwelfarism.As Chinagrows,all Chinesepeople willbe betteroff,but thatdoesn,t meantheir incomesandlevel ofprosperity have tobethe same.That isto say,there willbe equalopportunities,but noguarantee ofequal outcomesEntrepreneurshipisakey factorfor wealthcreation ofa society.Therefore,entrepreneurs,both Chineseand foreign,will playanimportantrole asthe enginedrivingChinashistorical pursuitof commonprosperity.If wealthdoesn tgrow,.commonprosperitywill becomea riverwithout sourceor atree withoutroots女士们，先生们，朋友们Ladies andGentlemen,Friends,“在分裂的世界中加强合作”，这个主题有很强的现实针对性习近平主席指出，当前，世界之变、时代之变、历史之变正以前所未有的方式展开，世界又一次站在历史的十字路口，何去何从取决于各国人民的选择vThe themeof thismeeting,“Cooperation in a FragmentedWorld,is highlyrelevant.As PresidentXi Jinpingnoted,changes of our world,ofourtimes,and ofhistoryare unfoldingin frontof usin unprecedentedways.The worldhas onceagain come关于at ahistorical crossroad,and itsfuture hingeson thechoices wemake.如何解决世界合作问题，我想提出三点观察As forhow toadvance internationalcooperation,I wou1d liketo sharewith youthefollowing threeobservations.第一，坚持正确的原则，维护有效的国际经济秩序面对新形势，传统的思维方式无法提供出路，我们必须放弃冷战思维，从物质二相性的角度认识事物的本质着眼于建立人类命运共同体，携手应对全球性挑战我们认为，合理的国际经济秩序必须共同维护，关于合理分工、鼓励竞争、反对垄断、保护产权和知识产权、弘扬企业家精神、促进要素自由流动、坚持公平分配、完善社会安全网、维护宏观经济稳定等经济原理没有改变，政府应该在重大问题上发挥作用，面对暂时出现的阻力和倒退，我们应当勇于坚持真理，尊重规律，用务实朴素的办法解决复杂的问题First,we needto upholdthe rightprinciples andmaintain theeffectiveinternational economicorder.Under thenew circumstances,the traditionalwayof thinkingcannot providethe solution.That iswhy wehavetoabandon thecoldwar mentality,try tounderstand thenature ofthings fromthe perspectiveofmaterial duality,endeavor tobuild a community with a sharedfuture formankind,and joinhands torespond toglobal challenges.We believethat anequitableinternational economicorder mustbe preservedby all.Equitable divisionoflabor,encouragement ofcompetition,anti-monopoly,protection ofpropertyrightsandIPRs,promoting entrepreneurshipand freef1ow ofproduction factors,fairdistribution,a strongsocial safetynet,and ensuringmacroeconomic stabilityarethe well-proven economicprinciples thatare stillrelevant today.Governmenthas akey roleto playon majorissues,despite temporaryresistance andsomesetbacks,we musthave thecourage touphold truthand lawof economics,and addresscomplexissues pragmaticallywith plainand simplesolutions.第二，加强国际宏观政策协调，平衡好治理通胀和稳定增长的关系目前一些国家采取的应对思路是“通胀一加息一衰退一复苏”需要注意的是，本轮通胀是复合型通胀，成因复杂，除了需求侧因素外，应当供需两端同时发力，同步修复产业链供应链，高度重视能源安全、粮食安全，这就必须推动国际合作，维护和平，合力应对共同性挑战我们呼吁，大国在加息的同时，应高度重视此举对新兴市场国家和发展中国家产生的负面外溢性，防止加重债务和金融风险我们也同意与各方一道，推动解决一些发展中国家的债务问题Second,we needtostrengtheninternational macropolicy coordinationand strikeagood balancebetween inflationand growth.To tameinflation,some countrieshavechosen thepolicy thatwill likelyresult inthe hike-recession-recovery loop.But itis importantto notethat inflationthis timearound isdriven bymultiplefactors.Apart fromthe demandside,supply-side measuresare alsoneeded torepairthe supplychains andpreserve energyand foodsecurity.A jointresponse tothis challengerequires internationalcooperation andmaintenanceof peace.We callfor moreattention tothe negativespillover effectofmajor countriesrate hikeson theemerging marketsand developing countriesso asnot toadd tomore debtor financialrisks.We standready towork withallparties tofind solutionstothedebt issuesof somedevelopingcountries.第三，积极应对全球气候变化世界上多数国家都已认识到气候治理的紧迫性，需要采取共同行动新冠病毒流行发生以后，我们认识到气候变化和公共卫生危机存在着某种关联，在这个问题上需要开展有效的国际合作我们将坚守对国际社会做出的承诺，积极推动气候变化领域国际合作，共同有效应对气候变化带来的诸多严峻挑战，推动构建人类命运共同体Third,we needa globalresponse toclimate change.Most countriesintheworldare keenlyaware ofthe urgencyof climategovernance andthe needfor commonactions.COVID-19has revealedto usa possibleconnection betweenclimate changeandpublic healthcrisis.This isan areawhere effectiveinternationalcooperation isneeded.Chinawillhonor itscommitments tothe internationalcommunity,push forglobalcooperation onclimate change,and workwith othercountries totackle theseriouschallenges posedby climatechange,and buildacommunitywithashared futureformankind.在分裂的世界中加强合作，是我们面临的现实问题，应当坦诚面对分裂现状，深入分析其原因，提倡正和博弈，找到有可能扩大合作的共同点，探求扩大合作的有效机制，坚定维护世界和平非常感谢这次达沃斯论坛为我们提供了这样一个机会，我由衷祝愿本次论坛圆满成功，为推进分裂世界中的国际和平和国际合作作出贡献How tostrengthen cooperationinafragmented worldisareal problemwe allface.We mustdig deepinto thecauses offragmentation,promote positive-sum games,identify thepossible convergingareas ofcooperation,and explorethe mechanismsfordoing so.We mustwork togetherto firmlysafeguard worldpeace.We shouldbegrateful thatthisyear,s DavosForum presentsus withan opportunityto dojustthat.I wishthe Foruma fullsuccess,and hopefully,it canhelpusstrengthencooperation andpreserve peaceinafragmented world.谢谢大家的倾听谢谢大家Thank youfor yourattention.Thank you.。