新译林版高中英语选修四U2课文翻译

新译林版高中英语选修四课文翻译U2选择性必修四U2ReadingUnit2Understanding eachotherEffective communication有效沟通If youheard someoneshout,“Hey you!”from acrossthe room,how wouldyoureact Justthese twowords cancarry muchinformation.They couldbe interpretedas awelcoming greetingfrom aclose friend,especially ifaccompanied bya gentlesmile.When spokenby astranger,they canfunction asa meansof attractingyour attention.Much ofwhat wecommunicate isdependent notonly onthe wordsweuse,but alsoon howwe usethem.So,let slook alittle deeperintothe topicof communication.如果你听到有人喊“嘿，你！，你会有什么反应？仅仅这两个词就能传达很多信息这句话可以被理解为来自亲密朋友的欢迎问候，尤其是伴随着温柔的微笑当陌生人和你说话时，它们可以作为一种吸引你注意力的方式我们交流的内容不仅取决于我们使用的词语，还取决于我们如何使用它们所以，让我们更深入地了解一下沟通这个话题Communication is the exchangeof informationbetween asenderand areceiver.The senderencodes amessage andsends itface toface,or throughvideo,telephone,mail orsocial arespread anddifferentbeliefs areexchanged moreconveniently andquickly.虽然一些社区对语言之间的交流持悲观态度，但也有其他语言欢迎外来词汇尤其是英语，它是由拉丁语、希腊语和日耳曼语混合而成的说英语的群体会毫不犹豫地把外国词汇吸收到日常词汇中事实上，从来没有任何正式的学术限制新的借用词借用词汇可以使语言继续发展，使社区拥有一种更有效的语言，使他们能够以一种新的优雅来分享他们的经验也正是通过这些词语，新奇的思想得以传播，不同的信仰得以更方便快捷地交换According tothe linguistEdward Sapir,“It wouldbe difficulttopoint toa completelyisolated language,”and forbetter orforworse,the tendencyto borrowwords has never goneout ofstyle.Themore internationaland globalizedthe worldbecomes,the morelanguagecharacteristics willbe sharedbetween nationsandcultures.根据语言学家爱德华萨皮尔Edward Sapir的说法，“很难指出一・种完全孤立的语言”，无论好坏，借用词汇的趋势从未过时世界越国际化、全球化，不同民族、不同文化之间的语言特征就越多media.Thismessage isthen receivedand decodedby the receiver.In response,thereceiversends anencoded messageback,which isreferred toasfeedback.This feedbackis decodedby theoriginal senderand theentirecycle repeatsitself untilthey havefinished communicating.沟通是发送者和接收者之间的信息交换发送者对信息进行编码,然后面对面发送，或者通过视频、电话、邮件或社交媒体然后这个信息被接收方接收并解码作为响应，接收方发送一个编码后的消息，这被称为反馈这个反馈被最初的发送者解码，整个循环不断重复，直到他们完成交流This complexprocess can be challengingbut,with practiceandpatience,youcan becomea highlycompetent communicator.Toaccomplish this,you need to knowwith whomyou are communicating.What is their ageor jobposition Whatistheirrelationship toyouWhat expectationsand culturalbackground dothey haveOnce youhaveobtained thisinformation,you canthen useit todetermine howbestto communicatewith them.Depending onif you arecommunicatingwitha stranger,friend,family member,or co-worker,you willneed todecidewhich communicationchannel bestsuits the situation.Furthermore,you willneedtodetermine theappropriate styleto useandhow complexyour choice of wordsshould be.For example,if youarea businessperson negotiatingwith alarge enterpriseabout adeal,you shoulddo itface toface,using formallanguage,in astraightforwardmanner.这个复杂的过程可能是有挑战性的，但是，通过练习和耐心，你可以成为一个非常有能力的沟通者要做到这一点，你需要知道你在和谁交流他的年龄或职位是什么？他们和你是什么关系？他们有什么样的期望和文化背景？一旦你获得了这些信息，你就可以用它来决定如何与他们沟通这取决于你在与陌生人、朋友、家人或同事交流时，需要决定哪种交流渠道最适合这种情况此外，您还需要确定要使用的适当的风格以及您选择词汇的复杂程度例如，如果你是一个商务人士，正在与一家大企业谈判一笔交易，你应该面对面，使用正式语言，以一种直截了当的方式进行谈判Your body language isequally important,since itreveals alotabout yourthoughtsand attitudes.Make sureit clearlysupports themessageyou wantto deliver.A smileshows you are attentiveto theissuesyouarediscussing,while lookingaway withyour armsfoldedcan indicatedisinterest andcreate distrustor causefriction.Additionally,you shouldnot ignorethe otherperson sbody language,which willgive youclues asto whetherthe conversationis goingwellor not.When younotice achange in the otherperson sbodylanguage,you shouldadjust howyouarecommunicating accordingly.If someonelooks atyou witha confusedexpression,this couldindicatethat theyhave notcompletely understoodyour point.Youwill needto clarifyyour messagebefore movingon.你的肢体语言同样重要，因为它透露了很多你的想法和态度确保它清楚地支持您想要传递的消息、微笑表明你对正在讨论的问题很关注，而双臂交叉望向别处则表示不感兴趣、产生不信任或引起摩擦止匕外，你不应该忽视对方的肢体语言，它会给你一些线索，让你知道谈话是否进行得顺利当你注意到对方的肢体语言有变化时,你应该相应地调整你的沟通方式如果有人带着困惑的表情看着你,这可能表明他们没有完全理解你的观点在继续之前，你需要阐明你的信息While beingknowledgeable aboutbodylanguageis vital,thevalue ofempathy shouldnot beunderstated.Seek tounderstand theotherperson semotions,by puttingyourself intheir shoesandlooking atthesituationfrom theirperspective.Some issuesmay becomplicatedand youmay beconfused aboutwhy othersfeel oract theway they do.If yougive seriousconsideration totheir pointsofview,however,you willbe ableto seewhat accountsfor theiremotionsand empathizewith them.You maynot approveof theirideasbut atleast youwill seewhere theyare comingfrom,which meansyoucan makeadjustments toyour owntone andchoiceofwords.Supposeyou arediscussing aproject withyour partner,who hasjust lostanimportant basketballgame andis inactive.To engagehim orherin thediscussion andmake yourcommunication moreeffective,youmay expressyour sympathyby,for instance,saying,“I understandhowyou feel.虽然了解肢体语言至关重要，但同理心的价值也不应被低估试着理解对方的情绪，设身处地地从他们的角度来看问题有些问题可能很复杂，你可能会困惑为什么其他人会有这样的感觉或行为然而,如果你认真考虑他们的观点，你就能看到是什么导致了他们的情绪,并与他们产生共鸣你可能不赞成他们的想法，但至少你会看到他们的想法，这意味着你可以调整自己的语气和用词假设你正在和你的伙伴讨论一个项目，他刚刚输了一场重要的篮球比赛，很不活跃为了让他或她参与讨论，使你的沟通更有效，你可以表达你的同情，例如,说“我理解你的感受.Effective communicationwill allowyou totackle differencesanddisagreements appropriatelyand improveyour interactionswithothers.Good communicationskills willalso helpyou buildtrust andgainother peoplesrespect,allowing relationshipsto becomemorepositive andproductive.So,get practisingand goodluck!有效的沟通将使你能够适当地处理分歧和分歧，并改善你与他人的互动良好的沟通技巧也能帮助你建立信任，赢得他人的尊重，让人际关系变得更加积极和富有成效所以，努力尝试吧，祝你好运！选择性必修四U2Extended readingExtendedreadingBorrowed words夕卜来词“The sushirestaurants menuwas confusing.Is thereanythingspecial aboutthis sentenceWell,all thewords except“the”and〃was“are borrowedfrom other languages!This comesasno surprise,given thatEnglish hasborrowed words from morethan300differentlanguages,including Latin,Greek,French andChinese.However,English is not alonein borrowingwordsfrom otherlanguages一borrowed wordscanbefound inalmost alllanguages.For example,Chinese wordsthat areoriginally from the Englishlanguage include培根”bacon,“坦克”tank and高尔夫golf,and Japanesehasborrowed wordslike“豆腐”tofu fromChinese.“The sushirestaurants menuwas confusing.”“寿司店的菜单太混乱了”这句话有什么特别之处吗？嗯，除了“the”和“was”之外，所有的单词都是从其他语言拿来的！已知英语从300多种不同的语言包括拉丁语、希腊语、法语和汉语中借用了词汇，这让人很惊讶然而，英语并不是唯一从其他语言中借用词汇的语言一一几乎所有的语言都有借用词汇例如，中国是来自英语的词语，包括“培根”（bacon）,坦克”（tank）和“高尔夫”（golf）和日本借了这样的词“豆腐”（tofu）来自中国Word borrowingcomes aboutwhen twocultures withdifferentlanguagesinteract.This tendsto happenwhen thereisnosuitableword foran objector ideainthe native tongue.This phenomenonhasbeen occurringfor thousandsof years.In thecurrent ageofglobalization,when communicationtechnology bringsdifferentcultures closertogether,words areeven morelikely tobe borrowedstraightfromthesource languageat afaster pacethan everbefore,especially thoserelated totechnological developments,such as“email”and“Internet”.当两种不同语言的文化相互作用时，就产生了外来词当母语中没有合适的词来表达一个物体或想法时，这种情况就会发生这种现象已经发生了几千年在当今的全球化时代，通信技术使不同的文化更加紧密地联系在一起，词汇更有可能以比以往更快的速度直接从源语言中借用，特别是那些与技术发展有关的词汇，如“email”和“Internet”Though borrowingwords hasbecome faster,the processis stillcomplex,and ittakestime beforenew wordsare integratedintoeveryday speech.At first,the borrowedword isonly usedbybilingual speakers.It thenspreads topeople whodo notknow theoriginallanguage,and theywill changethe pronunciationto fitthewaytheyspeak,almost unknowingly.An exampleof thisistheword“kung fu”,which refersto Chinesemartial arts.This wordcomesfrom theChinese words“功夫”gongfu.Over time,the soundsthatwere difficultto pronouncewere replacedwith morefamiliar ones.The longera borrowedword hasbeen inuse,the moreit soundsandeven lookslike thenative language.虽然借用单词的速度变快了，但过程仍然很复杂，而且要将新单词融入日常用语需要时间起初，外来词只有双语使用者才会使用然后传播给不懂母语的人，他们会在几乎不知情的情况下改变发音,以适应自己的说话方式一个例子就是“功夫”这个词，它指的是中国武术这个词来自于汉字“功夫”武术随着时间的推移，那些难以发音的声音被更熟悉的声音所取代外来词用的越久，它听起来甚至看起来就越像本国的词Borrowed wordsare anoutcome oflanguage developmentthat couldhardlybeavoided,but somelanguage communitiesoppose adoptingwordsfromothercultures.There arecountries thatmakeinterventions tokeep theirnative languagepure in order todefendtheir identity.The Frenchspecifically have an officialorganizationthat createsnew words,inorderto avoidborrowed words.Some languageshaveanextremely smallnumber ofspeakers,such astheNative AmericanNavajo Indianlanguage,used onlyby themembersof thetribe.Under thiscircumstance,it becomesa matterofsurvival forthenativelanguage toreject outsideinfluences.外来词是语言发展的必然结果，这是不可避免的，但一些语言团体反对从其他文化中吸收外来词有些国家为了保护自己的身份，会进行干预，以保持本国语言的纯正性为了避免外来词，法国有专门的官方组织来创造新词有些语言只有极少数人使用，例如印第安土著纳瓦霍语，只有部落成员使用在这种情况下，拒绝外来影响就成了母语的生存问题While somecommunities arepessimistic aboutthe exchangebetweenlanguages,there arealso otherlanguages thatreadilywelcome borrowedwords.English,especially,is basedon amix ofLatin,Greek andGermanic languages.The English-speaking communitydoesnot hesitatein absorbingforeign wordsinto itsdailyvocabulary.In fact,there havenever beenany formalacademicrestrictions onnew borrowedwords.Borrowing wordsallows thelanguageto continueto develop,enabling thecommunity tohave amoreefficient languagewhich allowsthem toshare theirexperienceswith anewfound grace.It isalso throughthose wordsthat novelideas。