2024高考英语一轮复习板块2需要“变形”的名词数词形容词和副词第3讲构词法教学案新人教版

第讲构词法3［全国卷考情分析］题型典题试做命题解读

1.（2024•全国卷HI）When they were freefromwork,they invitedus tolocal eventsandlet usknow ofan interestingcompetition（compete）to watch,togetherwith thestory behindit.

2.（2024•全国卷I）To avoidknee pain,L给出形容词提示词，填写副词或名词；you canrun onsoft surfaces,do exercises

2.给出动词提示词，填写名词或形容语法填空to strengthen（strength）your legmuscles词；（肌肉），avoid hillsand getgood running

3.给出名词提示词，填写形容词或动shoes.Running ischeap,easy andits词always energetic（energy）.

3.（2024•全国卷H）A tastefor meatisactually（actual）behind thechange:Animportant partof itscorn isused tofeedchickens,pigs,and cattle.

1.（2024•全国卷I）I felthappily thattheirlife hadimproved,happilyf happy

2.

1.形容词和副词的相互错用；（2024•全国卷HI）Immediate,I raisedmy

2.形容词和名词的相互错用；短文改错hand.Imvediatef Immediately

3.-ed与・ing形容词的相互错用

3.（2024•全国卷I）It was a reliefandI cameto asuddenly stopjust in the middleofthe road,suddenlyf sudden精剖析语法突破I•题组微练分点精讲合成法和转化法［题组试做］I.单句语法填空

1.（2024•3胡1匕七市联考）Flowering inMay,peonies largepetals andstrong colorsarelinked toprosperity and（rich）in traditionalChinese culture.richness［考查名词空前and一词确定其前后单词词性相同，and前prosperity（旺end—endless没完没了的考点七变动词的前缀和后缀［题组试做］单句语法填空

1.Travelling abroadcan broadenbroadourhorizons.

2.The cleverboy hasthe abilityto simplifysimplethat dullstory.

3.He eventuallyrealized realhis ambition to become ascientist.［要点解读］前/后缀例词ablef enable使能够large^enlarge扩大rich—enrich使.、乙刖en-充溢缀broadf broaden使变宽ripe-ripen使成熟sharpssharpen使尖锐widef widen加宽-en后classf classify把分类just-justify证明正确simp缀-ifyIe-1-simplify简化apologyf apologize致歉-izeemphasis-*^emphasize强调考点八-ed形容词和-ing形容词［题组试做］单句语法填空

1.The frighteningshout frightenedthe boys.=The shoutwas frighteningand theboysfelt frightened,frighten

2.His surprisedsurprise looksuggested thathe knewnothing about it.

3.The storysounds interestingand weare interestedin thestory,interest［要点解读］一些动词，如excite,disappoint,encourage,puzzle,surprise,confuse,interest,satisfy,please,shock,astonish,disturb,bore等,其现在分词ing和过去分词ed都能转化为形容词The storywas verymoving andwe weredeeply moved.这个故事特别感人，我们都被深深地感动了［易错提示］此类形容词作定语修饰表情和声音时，动词的-ing形式和动词的-ed的区分动词的-ing形式用来说明主语的特性，表示该表情或声音令人怎么样，因此译作“令人……的”；动词的-ed形式用来说明发出该表情或声音的人所处的一种状态高效练跟踪检测I•单句练词法语篇提能力【核心考点针对练】I.单句语法填空

1.（2024•武汉武昌区调研）Driven bythe（curious）in myheart,I decidedto goto the cinemato seethe cartoonfilm NeZha.curiosity［考查名词curious为形容词，由前面的冠词the可知，此处应用名词；drivenby thecuriosity意为“受新奇心驱使”］

2.（2024•重庆西北狼教化联盟第一次联考）Nothing Idid seemedto make any（different）.“It can，t bethe fuel,I thought.difference［考查名词makeanydifference为固定搭配，意为“有任何影响”］

3.（2024•昆明质量检测）Erica Kenney,a（science）at HarvardT.H.Chan SchoolofPublic Health,originally plannedto lookinto theamount ofsugary drinksthat kidswereconsuming inschools.scientist［考查名词依据该句中的不定冠词a可知，该处用名词，表示“一位科学家”］

4.（2024•赣州联考）She tookme froma poor,unhappy collegestudent andbrought meintoher worlda worldof smiles,love and（warm）.warmth［考查词性转换依据空前的内容可知，空处与smiles和love构成并列关系，故此处用名词形式，故填warmth］

5.（2024•成都其次次诊断）When youdo gofor hotpot,you willoften be asked tomakea（choose）of brothin whichyou cookyour rawingredients（食材）.choice［考查词性转换依据空前的a和空后的of可知空处应填名词的单数形式］

6.（2024•福建六校联考）Staying（health）while travelingcan helpto ensureyourtrip isa happyand enjoyableone.healthy［考查词性转换句意:在旅行的过程中保持健康有助于确保你的旅途快乐、开心stay为系动词，意为“保持”，其后常接形容词作表语故填healthy］

7.（2024•河南信阳中学其次次大考）At first,many peopledisliked thisstyle ofpaintingand becamevery（anger）aboutit.angry［考查词性转换句意起初，很多人不喜爱这种绘画风格，并对此感到很生气系动词became后面应用形容词作表语，故填angry□be angryabout sth.意为“对某事感到生气”，为固定短语］

8.（2024•郑州其次次质量检测）On NewYear*s Day,we visitedevery neighbor in thevillageand were greeted（warm）at eachhouse.warmly［考查副词依据空前的weregreeted可知，空处修饰动词，故用副词形式］H.单句改错

2.（2024•海口调研测试）I amso luckto havesome friendswho sharethe sameinterestwith me.luck-lucky［系动词be后应用形容词，故将luck改为lucky］

3.（2024•淮北模拟）We reliving ina worldwhere we can neverstress theimportantof sharingtoo much.important-^importance［stress theimportance ofsharing意为“强调共享的重要性”］

4.（2024•成都模拟）I amconfidence totake careof myself,wash theclothes,andclean therooms,which Inever didwhen at home.confidencef confident［系动词be后用形容词作表语］

5.（2024•西安模拟）It wasthe firsttime Ihad livedaway frommy home,so Ifoundit difficultyto fitin.difficultyf difficult［此题考查find it+adj.+to do结构］【高考题型综合练】【.语法填空（2024•安徽省示范中学试题）Proper exerciseis beneficialto ourhealth.As theexpertssay,swimming isan excellentway towork yourentire body.An hourof swimming

1.（burn）almost asmany caloriesas running.There area hostof benefitsyou maygain fromswimming

2.（regular）.One of

3.biggest benefitsof swimming is thatit trulyworks wellfrom headto toe.It cannot onlyincrease your heart ratewithout

4.（stress）your body,but alsobuildup your muscles and

5.（strong）.Besides,swimming makesyourheartand lungstrong.Itis sogood foryou thatresearchers sayit mayeven reduceyour riskof death.

6.comparewith inactivepeople,

7.swim have about halfthe riskof death.Some otherstudies haveshownthat swimmingmay helplower bloodpressure andcontrol bloodsugar.The numberof persons

8.experience somelevel ofinsomnia失眠症is increasing,sothis isexcellent news一the researchersconclude thatswimmingisa potentiallypowerfulway torelieve stressquickly andpromote deepersleep.Swimming issafe for most people.As withany workout thereare certainrisks associatedwithswimming.If you

9.injure orhave certainmedical conditions,be sureto checkwithyour doctorbefore swimming.

10.general,its agood ideato checkwith yourdoctor wheneveryou starta newexercise program.

1.burns［考查时态和主谓一样句意游泳一小时几乎和跑步一小时燃烧的卡路里一样多依据句意可知，该句陈述的是一般事实，故用一般现在时；且该句主语为An hourof swimming”，属于第三人称单数，故谓语动词用burnso］

2.regularly［考查副词句意常常游泳你将获益良多空处修饰动名词“swimming”，故用其副词形式］

3.the［考查冠词依据空后的“biggest”可知，空处应用定冠词the］

4.stressing［考查非谓语动词依据空前的介词“without”可知，空处应用动名词形式该处是说，游泳可以让身体在不惊慌的状况下提高心率］

5.strength［考查名词该处是说，游泳还可以增加肌肉和力气依据空前的yourmuscles可知,空处用名词形式］

6.Compared［考查非谓语动词该句的主语和动词compare之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，表示“与不活跃的人相比”，故用其过去分词形式］

7.swimmers［考查名词的单复数句意:与不活跃的人相比，游泳者只有大约一半的死亡风险分析句子结构可知，空处为该句的主语，表示“游泳者”，故用其名词形式；且swimmer为可数名词，而该处表示群体，故用其复数形式］

8.who/that［考查定语从句分析句子结构可知，该句为定语从句，空处应为引导词,在从句中作主语，先行词为persons,故用who/that引导该定语从句］

9.are injured［考查被动语态句意；假如你受伤或患某种疾病，在游泳前肯定要询问医生分析句子结构可知，该句主语和动词injure之间为被动关系，故用被动语态］

10.In［考查固定搭配in general为固定搭配，意为“总的来说，通常”句意通常，无论何时在起先新的熬炼项目之前，向医生核实一下是一个好方法］H.短文改错Born inAmerica,Thomas Edisonwas agreat scientistand aninventor.He wasonce thoughttobe aboy whomwas notworth educating.In fact,he wasa manfull ofimaginations.I admireEdison alot becausehis great contributions tothe world.He issald tohavingmore than1,000inventions.In hislifetime,he werealways eagerto knowhow things worked.He wasalso verydiligent andwork day and night.And thisexplained whyhe hadso muchgreat inventions.Success cannever beeasy achieved.Probably Ican，t be another Edisonhimself,butI will work hard tobe a worthy person.【答案】Born inAmerica,Thomas Edisonwasagreat scientistand inventor.He waswhomoncethought tobeaboy whowas notworth educating.In fact,he wasa manfullimaginationsof imagination•AI admireEdison alot becauseof hisgreatcontributionstotheworld.He issaidhaving were1n nto-;------more than1,000inventions.In hislifetime,he-----always eagerto knowworkhowthingsworked.He wasalso verydiligent anddayandnight.And thisworkedhavewasr.,muchexplained whyhe hadso-------greatinventions.manyeasy,Success cannever be--------7~~achieved.Probably Ican tbeanotherEdisoneasilyhimselfbut Iwillworkhardtobeaworthyperson.myself

1.去掉inventor前的an［考查冠词前后两个名词同指一个人，所以去掉inventor前面的an］

2.whom^who［考查关系代词定语从句部分缺主语，所以应用who］

3.imaginationsf imagination［考查名词的数imagination是不行数名词］

4.because后加of［考查固定搭配because后面为名词短语，所以加介词of］

5.havingf have［考查非谓语动词be saidto dosth.“据说做某事”，固定搭配］

6.were—was［考查主谓一样主语是he,谓语应用单数was］

7.work-worked［考查动词的时态由本句前面的was可知，work应运用一般过去时］

8.much-many［考查形容词inventions是可数名词，其前应用many修饰►

9.easyf easily［考查副词此处easily用来修饰谓语动词be achievedo］

10.himself-myself［考查反身代词由句子的主语I可知，句意为“我本人无法成为另一个爱迪生”］盛）是名词，所以空处应当也是名词，形容词rich的名词是richness］

2.（2024•武汉武昌区调研）In fact,it musthave ahard struggleto getits（free）from thecocoon.freedom［考查名词空处前面是形容词性物主代词its,形容词性物主代词后面要接名词，所以填名词freedonio］

3.（2024•合肥第一次教学质量检测）Senior expertsfrom UNESCOwere amazedat itsuniquenatural scenery,near perfectbiological system,and creative（combine）of natureandhumanism.combination［考查名词由前面的形容词creative和后面的of可知，此处应用combine的名词形式］

4.（2024•江西五校第一次联考）The UnitedNations agencyreported thisweek the12superbugs area threatto human（healthy）.health［考查名词介词后跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语human health意为“人类健康”，作介词to的宾语］

5.（2024•河南豫北名校质量评估）Lanzhou beefnoodle hasa historyof102years andisknown forits（taste）beef,soup andnoodles.tasty［考查形容词分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作定语，修饰名词beef,故应填形容词tasty美味的，可口的”］H.单句改错

6.（2024•昆明检》则）We shareda momentof cosplayand happy.I evendanced withthecrowd.happyfhappiness［考查名词由happy”前的“and”可知，此处与cosplay（动漫角色扮演，名词）为并列结构，词性应相同，所以把happy改为happiness］

7.（2024•湖北八校第一次联考）First,wecanvisit ourrelatives andfriends orspenda happilytime withour family.happily-happy［考查形容词依据该句中的名词time可知，修饰该名词，应用形容词句意首先，我们能探望我们的亲朋好友，或者和家人一起度过欢乐的时间］

8.（2024•山东潍坊一模）After all,doing exerciseisagood wayto keephealth.health-healthy［句意终归，熬炼是保持健康的好方法错误处应当用形容词而非名词作keep的表语，故将health改为healthy］［要点解读］

（一）合成法合成词是由两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词的构词方式（有的合成词中间需加连字符）合成词的词义可以依据各个组成部分的意思加以推断构成合成词的儿个词可以是词性相同的词也可以是词性不同的词中学阶段常见的合成形式有notebook笔记本；classroom教室；blackboard黑板；teamwork协作；spaceship合成名词宇宙飞船；woodcut木刻合成lifelong毕生的；second-hand二手的；man-made人工的；widespread广形容词泛的合成动词underline画底线标出；whitewash粉饰；broadcast广播；download下载

（二）转化法不增加任何成分，不变更词形，把一个单词由一种词性转化为另外一种词性的构词法叫转化法中学阶段常见的转化形式有:名词f动词button纽扣f button扣上纽扣形容词一动词correct正确的f correct改正动词f名词feed喂养f feed一餐，一顿形容词一名词native本地的f native本地人副词f动词up在上面f up提高

（三）派生法形容词加ly变为副词的规律考点一［题组试做］单句语法填空

1.The boyran quicklyquickto school.

2.“Whats that”Father shoutedangrilyangry.

3.The littlegirl isextremelyextremeeager toknow theresult ofthe exam.

4.Your compositionis badlybad organized.Please doyour writingexercise moreattentivelyattendnext time.［要点解读］

1.——般状况力口ly如real-really；careful^carefully；polite^politely；quick-quickly

2.“辅音字母+y”结尾的,将y改为ily如angry-angrily；busy^busily；oheavy-heavily

3.以ble结尾的，将ble改为bly如probab1eprobab1y；possible-possibly

4.个别单词，去掉e再加lyt111true—truly

5.以ic结尾的,加ally如［留basic-*basically；energetic-*energetically，o如friend-friendly；day—daily意］有的名词+ly-形容词考占一动词/名词变形容词的常见后缀口

八、、［题组试做］I.单句语法填空

1.He israther selfishself sothat nobodyprefers tohaveatalk withhim.

2.The goodworking conditioninthefactory isattractiveattract.

3.He isreliablerely soyou candepend onhim.

4.They arenervous nerveabout theirfirst tripabroad.

5.The floweris harmfulharmto ourhealth.n.单句改错

6.Most peoplenowadays areso busywith theirlives thatthey do not havetime toenjoya healthyand balancediet,bolancefbalanced

7.I don，t thinkit areason practicefor themto behavethat wayin oursociety,reasonf reasonable［要点解读］后缀例词accept^acceptable可接受的comfort^comfortable舒适的fashion-*^fashionable时髦的suit fsuitable合适的reasonf reasonable有-able道理的musicf musical音乐的originf original最初的-al personfpersonal个人的；私人的center^central中心的；中心的naturef natural自然的；天生的doubt^doubtful怀疑的forget^forgetful健忘的hann—harmful有害的hope-hopeful有希望的peace—peaceful和平的-fulaccessf accessible简单取得的horrorf horrible可怕的；恐怖的-ibleterror^terrible可怕的actf active主动的；活跃的effect^effect ive有效的;生效的attract^attract ive有吸引力的impress-1^impressive给人深刻印象的-ivecontinuef continuous不断的；持续的anxietyf anxious忧虑的-ouscautionf cautious特别当心的；谨慎的curiosity-curious iliW的humor—humorous幽默的tiref tiresome令人厌倦的-sometrouble^troublesome麻烦的taste^tasty美味的；可口的healthf healthy健康的-ywealthf wealthy富有的；丰富的-ern east-eastern东部的；向东的child-*childish孩子气的foolf foolish愚蠢的；可笑的-ishselff selfish自私的science-,^scientific科学的economy-*^economic经济的-ichistoryf historic历史上闻名的-ary imagine-*^imaginary想象中的动词变名词的后缀考占二P

八、、［题组试做］I.单句语法填空

1.Annan willbe rememberedfor hisability andhis warmthwarm.

2.Without hesitationhesitate,I decidedto followthem andwe didhave lotsoffun thatday.H,单句改错

3..It isa veryeffective wayto learnthe languageand improveyour pronounce,pronouncefpooounciatioo［要点解读］例词后缀approve-,^approval赞成；批准arrive-*^arrival到来；到达survive-,-survival幸存-alproposef proposal提议；建议appearf appearance出现；外貌guide-^guidance指引；指导performf performance表演；节目existf existence存-ance在；生存preferf preference偏爱refer-reference参考；-ence查阅at tract^attract ion吸弓|compete-competition竞赛；-ion竞争invite^invitation邀请；请柬graduate-^graduation毕业expect^expectation期盼；期望explain-,^explanation-tion说明-ationdiscuss-*^discuss ion探讨；辩论decidef decision确定-ssionadmitf admission接纳；准许入学hear-hearing听力；听觉-ingbegin-beginning起先achieve,^achievement功绩；成就argue-argument辩论；论据-menttreat-*treatment对待；治疗fail ffailure失败；故障depart—departure离开；动身-urepressf pressure压力-turemixf mixture混合;混合物recoverf recovery复原；痊愈-ydiscoverf discovery发觉choosef choice选择其他varyf variety多样化；种类tend-tendency趋向；趋势考点四形容词变名词的后缀［题组试做］I.单句语法填空

1.rmdoing Toinsjob inhis absenceabsent.

2.He hasthe abilityabletodo thejob.II.单句改错

3.We fearthat wedonothave thestrong andcourage toface thetruth ofour situation.strongf strength［要点解读］后缀例词-age shortfshortage不足；短缺efficient^efficiency效率；功效fluentf fluency流利；流畅accurate-^accuracy精确性private-privacy隐私；私-cy密freef freedom自由；自由-domwisef wisdom明智；A智different^difference差异-cesilentf silence缄默weakf weakness虚弱；弱点-nesskindf kindness慈爱；好意careless-carelessness马虎大意grow—growth成长；发展strong-strength力气；强项-thwarm-warmth暖和；热忱difficult-difficulty困难-ycruelf cruelty残酷；残暴-tysafe-safety平安-itydisable-disability无能；伤残responsiblef responsibility责任考点五表示人的后缀［题组试做］单句语法填空

1.The famousactressactis dancingwith herfans.

2.We shouldrespect everyone,even abeggarbeg.

3.My bossis nothere.Do youlike tospeak toone ofhis assistantsassist［要点解读］后缀例词teach-teacher老师village-villager村民strange-*^stranger生疏人-er注cook-*cooker炉灶，炉具-ar liefliar说谎者employ-*employee受雇者；雇员interview-*^interviewee被面试-ee者train-^trainee受训练的人；学员invent-*inventor独仓力家act-factor男演员-oreducate^educator教化家；老师act^actress女演员godf goddess女神-esshostf hostess女主子；女主持人Chinaf Chinese中国人-eseJapan^Japanese日本人America-American美国人-nAustralia-Australian澳洲人musicf musician音乐家-ianhistoryf historian历史学家politicsf politician政治家;政客novel-*novelist小说家special^special ist专家tourf tourist-ist旅行者；观光者-ant servefservant仆人participate-participant参与者assistf assistant助手；图书管理员考点六表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀［题组试做］I.单句语法填空

1.As theycouldnt playoutdoors,theywereunhappy happy,and someeven gotintofights fromtime totime.

2.People onwelfare arewrongly seenas lazyor dishonesthonest.

3.Informalformal clothesare suitablefor wearingathomeorinordinarysituations.II.单句改错

4.I knowas anexcellent guideI shouldmake yourjourney interestingand meaningless,meaninglessfmeaningful［要点解读］前/后缀例词agree—disagree不同意dis-advantagedisadvantage缺点legalf illegal不合法的il-logical-1^illogical不合逻辑的polite-impolite无礼的im-patient-*^impatient不耐烦的formalf informal非正式的in-刖convenient^inconvenient不便利的regular-irregular不规则的缀ir-responsible-*irresponsible不负责任的lead-mislead误导mis-under stand-^mi sunderstand误会non-smoker不吸烟者non-non-stop直达的usualf unusual不寻常的un-willingf unwilling不情愿的后缀-less hope-hopeless无望的。