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第讲冠词和介词2[全国卷考情分析]题型典题试做命题解读
1.(2024•全国卷I)Modern methodsof/fortracking polarbear populationshave beenemployedonly sincethe mid-1980s,and areexpensiveto performconsistently overa largearea.
2..(2024•全国卷I)Of thenineteenrecognized polarbear subpopulations,three are
1.冠词表泛指、特指;declining,six arestable,one isincreasing,
2.固定搭配中的冠词和介词;语法填空and ninelack enoughdata.
3.介词的基本用法
3.(2024•全国卷II)When wegot acall sayingshewas short-listed,we thoughtit was a joke.
4.(2024•全国卷I)While runningregularlycan,t makeyou liveforever,the reviewsays itismore effectiveat lengtheninglife thanwalking,cycling orswimming.
1.(2024•全国卷I)Suddenly footballfelljust infront ofme andalmost hitme.football前面加上a
1.不定冠词a和an的错用以及它
2.(2024•全国卷H)When Istudied chemistry们与the的错用;high school,I reconsideredmy goaland decided
2.冠词的多余或缺失;to bea doctor,chemistry后面力口上in/at短文改错
3.固定搭配中冠词、介词的错
3.(2024•全国卷H)As thekid,I lovedto用;watch cartoons...thef n
4.介词与其他词搭配不当以及介
4.(2024•全国卷H)They livefar fromthe词的缺失或多余school,and ittakes themabout ahour anda halftogo towork everyday.a^an/oneover表示“从……的上面跨过(反义词under)指禺开物体表面而在其上方,但并不肯定是垂直向上还可指数目、数量、水平、above年龄等“超过,多于,大于(反义词below)The dogjumped oversome bushes and sawthe littlescream.狗跳过几丛灌木看到小溪The sunlightcame inthrough thewindows in the roofand litup thewhole room.阳光透过天窗,照亮了整个房间
3.表示方式的介词表示运用的工具、手段、材料时,with,by,in,on都意为“用with多指用详细的工具、身体的某部位或器官;by侧重指运用某种方法、手段或乘坐某种交通工具;in指运用某种语言、笔墨等;on多用于固定词组中by train乘火车;on theradio通过收音机;on TV通过电视;with apencil用铅笔
4.表示“除……之外”的介词(短语)用法介词besides意为“除…之外(还有),相当于in additiontoexcept意为“除……之外(别无)”,可接名词、代词、介词短语和从句but意为“除…之外(一except)apart from既可相当于besides或in additionto,也可相当于except forotherthan意为“除……之外(别无)”Apart fromgood service,the restaurantoffers differentkinds oftraditionalFujian dishes.除了优质的服务外,这个饭店还供应各种各样的传统福建菜[易错提示](l)but常用于nobody,none,no one,nothing,anything,everyone,all之后接不定式时,假如前有实义动词do,则不定式中的to省略
(2)besides还可作副词,意为“另外,而且”,在句中常作插入语
5.表示缘由的介词(短语)for,because of,due to,thanks to,owing to,on accountof,as aresult ofThe open-aircelebration hasbeen putoff becauseof thebad weather.因为天气不好,这次户外庆祝会被推迟了Owing tobad weather,the flightwas delayedfor acouple ofhours.由于天气恶劣,航班延误了好几个小时[易错提示]上述短语都可作状语,due to还可作表语thanks to表示“多亏,幸亏”,多位于句首
6.其他常考的介词用法介词against违反,反对;倚靠;以……为背景,衬托beyond(范围、限度)超出,为……所不能及by程度或增减的幅度;按……计despite尽管for(表示目的)为了;(表示对象或用途)给;因为;从……来看;赞成,支持with和……在一起;和,跟;具有,带有;(表示伴随)随着within(范围、程度)在……内without没有off(表示位置)在……的外面;(表示方向)偏离;从……离开She droveso fastat theturn that the caralmost wentoff theroad.她在转弯处开得如此快,以至于车差点偏离马路The exercisewas beyondthe abilitiesof mostof theclass.这个练习超出了班里大多数学生的实力考点五常考介词短语及搭配[题组试做]I.单句语法填空
1.(2024•广东五校协作体第一次联考)The brandwas bornin Wuzhenin1848and hasbeenpopular thedistinctive tasteof itsduck products.for[句意该品牌于1848年诞生于乌镇,由于其鸭产品独特的味道而受欢迎设空处表示“缘由”,故用介词for]
2.This meetingroom isa non-smoking area.I wouldlike towarn youadvance thatifyou smokedhere youwould befined.in[句意这个会议室是禁烟区我想提前警告你,假如你吸烟,你会被罚款的固定表达in advance预先,提前]
3.(2024•河北五个一名校联盟其次次联考)Do youwant tokeep upthe latestresearchand discoveries in sciencewith[句意你想跟上最新的科学探讨和发觉吗?keep upwith sth.为固定短语,意为“跟上,不落在……后边”,故填with]n.单句改错
5.(2024•江西南昌调研)Under his help,we havelearned immediatelyhow toanalyzeand settleproblems.Under^With[with one,shelp为固定搭配,意为“在某人的帮助下”,故将Under改为With][要点解读]高考中的语法填空和短文改错将更加留意对介词短语及搭配的考查,介词与名词、形容词与介词、动词与介词形式的搭配是高考考查的难点常考介词短语及固定搭配有:
1.“是否宾语”作依据介词必须要接宾语,宾语通常由名词、代词、动名词或what从句充当若空格后是名词、代词或动名词且它们在句中不作主语和动词的宾语,则要考虑填介词
2.“四种方法”来确定所填介词1依据介词短语与谓语的逻辑关系;2依据语境含义结合介词用法;3依据特殊的结构关系,如接复合宾语就只能用with或without;4依据介词与动词等的搭配[易错提示]在短文改错中:
1.娴熟驾驭介词的基本用法,即介词后用名词、代词或相当于名词的词、短语或句子作宾语解题时,视察句中是否有这一类词,以此确定所改词是否是介词;或句子中介词是否缺失或多余,以便添加或删除
2.视察句中名词、动词、形容词等的前后的搭配,然后依据介词与它们的搭配来推断是否误用,还是多词或漏词,解题的关键是驾驭一些固定搭配和固定短语
3.检查副词前是否多加了介词高效练跟踪检测I•单句练词法语篇提能力【核心考点针对练】I.单句语法填空
1.(2024•江西五校第一次联考)Marie PauleKieny is the U.N.Agency,s AssistantDirectorGeneral.She said,uAntibiotic resistanceis growingand weare fastrunning outtreatmentoptions.She urgedgovernments togive drugcompanies reasonsto developnewtreatments.of[考查介词固定搭配run out of意为“用完”,故填介词f]
2.(2024•成都其次次诊断)Bear mindthat somebroths likethe tomato,mushroom ornorthernstyle willnot beon offerat everyrestaurant.in[考查介词bear(sth.)in mind意为“记住某事”,为固定搭配,故用介词in]
3.(2024•北京东城区期末)It issaid thatMary earnseight dollarshour asbabysitter.an;a[第一空指每小时,且hour的发音以元音音素开头,故用an;其次空表示泛指,且babysitter的发音以辅音音素开头,故用a]
4.(2024•福建厦门质检)Although theexperiment turnedout tobe failure,we decidedtotry secondtime.a;a[第一空为抽象名词详细化,故应填不定冠词,表示“一件失败的事”;其次空在序数词前加不定冠词,表示“再一,又一]
5.(2024•西安——中模拟)The universitystarted somenew languageprograms tocaterthe countrysSilk RoadEconomic Belt.for[句意高校起先开设一些新的语言项目,以迎合中国的丝绸之路经济带固定表达caterfor迎合,满足所需]
6.(2024•广东五校二联)Parents shouldactively urgetheir childrento take advantagethe opportunityto joinsports teams.of[考查动词短语句意父母应主动督促孩子抓住机会加入运动队takeadvantageof利用]
7.(2024•山东济南一中模拟)small butgrowing numberof citiesand corporationsthatdo handlee-waste responsiblyrepresents progresstoward makingthe worldcleaner,betterplace for us all.The;a[第一个空格后面有定语of citiesand corporations,所以特指这些城市和公司的数量,故填the;其次个空指由于这些负责任的公司和城市努力解决电子垃圾问题,所以使得世界成为一个更加清洁,更加美妙的地方,强调“一个”的意义,故填a]II.单句改错
1.(2024•哈六中模拟)r11be freefrom December18and willhave aplenty oftimeto betogether withyou.去掉a[plenty of为固定搭配,没有a,故去掉a,既可修饰可数名词复数也可修饰不行数名词]
2.(2024•河北保定模拟)In theSpring Festival,my familyand Iwent toBeijing andhaddifferent holiday.different前加a[holiday为可数名词单数,其前有形容词修饰,但缺少限定词依据语境可知,此处holiday为泛指,故应在different前加a]
3.(2024•山东威海模拟)Last Sunday,it wasmy fathers funnyday.After supper,my fatherwent to see thefilm.the-a[依据语境可知,此处的电影是首次出现,故应用不定冠词表泛指概念]
5.(2024•日照联考)It willstart fromJune15th innext monthand lastthreeweeks.去掉in[考查介词“next month”在句中作状语,其前不用介词,故去掉in]【高考题型综合练】I.语法填空(2024•平顶山一,模)As youknow,science plays
1.very important role in our education.Do youwant tokeep up
2.the latestresearch anddiscoveriesinscience Thereare manygoodwebsites
3.you cancheck outthe latestin thescience world.One greatsite isScienceNewsforKids.This sitereports sciencenews
4.(cover)a widerange ofsubjects.The articlesare intendedfor youngerreaders,but adultswillfind thissite
5.(suit)for themas well.Another wonderfulsite,one thatI checkout everyday,
6.call ScienceDaily.The siteis
7.constant updatedwithnews,often aboutexciting
8.finding thatchange howwe viewthe world.These sitespost thelatest storiesand alsokeep all the pastarticles they
9.postearlier.That wayyou can find articlesjust aboutanything that
10.be relatedto thesciencefields youare interestedin.
2.with[考查介词你想跟上科技的最新探讨和发觉吗?keep upwith为固定结构,意为“跟上,不落在……后面”]
3.where[考查定语从句先行词为websites,空处在从句中作地点状语,所以用where,相当于on whicho]
4.covering[考查非谓语动词提示词为动词,该句中已经有谓语动词reports,提示词cover和其所修饰的名词news之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,所以用cover的r.-ing形式作后置定语,在此相当于which coverso]
5.suitable[考查形容词这里构成“find+宾语+形容词宾补”结构,所以用suit的形容词形式]
6.is called[考查动词的语态和时态“我”每天查看的另一个精彩的网站被称作ScienceDailyone thatI checkout everyday是主语Another wonderfulsite的同位语,且主语和call构成动宾关系,再结合全文的时态,确定此处用一般现在时的被动语态]
7.constantly[考查副词修饰动词updated,作状语,故用副词]
8.findings[考查名词的数finding为可数名词,其前无限定词修饰,且定语从句中谓语动词为change,为复数概念,所以应用复数形式]
9.posted[考查动词的时态这里指的是the pastarticles以前的文章,也就是说是以前发布的,所以用一般过去时]
10.is[考查主谓一样关系代词that指代的是先行词anything,并在从句中作主语,再结合全文的时态可知,应填is]
11.短文改错2024•兰州实战模拟Yesterday wewent toHappiness NursingHouse tohelp the old people.We setout earlierin themorning andbrought themlots gifts.When wearrived,we werewarmlywelcome by them.First weintroduced myself.Then we were makingdumplings togetherwiththe old,talking andlaugh.After lunch,we performedand sangsongs withthemhappy.Finally allthe old people saygoodbye tous at the gate.We werevery happybecauseof we did a good deed.I thinkthis necessary forusteenagersto learnwhat to respect and take care of others,especially,the old.【答案】earlierin themorning andbrought themlots ofgifts.When wearrivedw,ewerewarmlyearlywelcome myselfby them.First weintroduced Thenwe weremaking dumplingswelcomedourselveslaughtogether withthe old,talking andAfter lunch,we performedand sangsongslaughing*happy saywiththem Finallyalltheold peoplegoodbye tous at the gate.We werehappilysaidYesterday wewent toHappiness NursingHouse tohelp theoldpeople.We setoutXthis.wedida gooddeed.I think——necessaryforus teenagersJLvwhattolearn-----torespectandtake care ofothers,especially,theold.how精剖析语法突破I•题组微练分点精讲不定冠词考占―,
八、、-J[题组试做]
1.单句语法填空
1.(2024•日照联考)Many peoplemay thinkthe ForbiddenCity,orthePalace Museum,is outstandingand old-fashioned museum.an[考查冠词依据句意可知,此处表示泛指,故用不定冠词;又因为空后单词outstanding的发音以元音音素开头,故用冠词an]
2.(2024•湖南长郡中学检测)The weddingceremony isusually hostedwarmly andthewedding ceremonyvery oftenends withunique banquet.a[考查冠词空后的banquet为可数名词,表示泛指,且unique的发音以辅音音素开头,故用不定冠词a]
3.(2024•合肥第一次教学质量检测)The WulingyuanScenic andHistoric InterestAreamade upof theZhangjiajie NationalForest Park,the Tianzishanmountain ranges,Baofenghuand theSuoxi Valleyis verypopular filmingand touristdestination.a[考查冠词destination为可数名词,且在此表示泛指,故填a]
5.(2024•曲阜师大附中二模)That accidenttook placeon wintermorning of the year
2024.winter前加a[在描述“一个……样的……”的时候,通常会在形容词前面加上不定冠词,此处意为“2024年的一个冬天的早晨”][要点解读]不定冠词用于表示泛指,一般修饰单数可数名词,有a和an两种形式当紧跟冠词的名词的第一个音素是辅音音素时,用不定冠词a;当紧跟冠词的名词的第一个音素是元音音素时,用不定冠词ano
1.不定冠词的基本用法
(1)用在可数名词单数前,泛指某一类人或物中的任何一个It isgenerally acceptedthat aboy mustlearn tostand upand fightlike aman.人们普遍认为男孩子必需学会像男人那样站起来战斗2用在专出名词前表示“某一个,相当于a certaino一Excuse me,would youplease givethe iPadto John——打搅一下,请你把这个iPad给约翰好吗?一Sorry,but Idon,t thinkthere,saJohn inour class.——对不起,但是我认为在我们班里没有叫约翰的3用在“be+of+a/an+名词”结构中,表示“同一,相同”时,相当于of thesame+名词The twoplants lookdifferent,but theyareofa kind=of thesame kind.这两种植物看上去不同,但属于同一类
1.单句语法填空
1.(2024•惠州其次次调研)Being worldsmost popularonline battlegame,it alreadyhasover200million playersin China.the[考查冠词此处表示“它成为世界上最受欢迎的网络对战嬉戏,在中国已经拥有超过两亿的玩家”形容词最高级前应用定冠词the]
2.(2024•河南豫北名校质量评估)Lanzhou isalso qualifiedas hometownof Chinesebeefnoodle.the[考查冠词句意兰州也被认为是中国牛肉面的家乡此处表示特指,应用定冠词the]
3.(2024•济宁二模)Bras explainedthat heissick ofpressure oftrying tokeephis stars.the[考查冠词依据空后内容可知,此处的名词pressure表示特指,故用定冠词the修饰]
4.(2024•重庆第一次调研)Thousands ofvisitors eachyear enjoyHaleakala NationalPark,one ofmost unusualnational parksin theUnited States,on theisland ofMaui.the[考查冠词此处表示“美国最不同寻常的国家公园之一”,这里是用形容词的最高级修饰national parks,故该空填the]H.单句改错
5.(2024•福州十三中期中)I havebeen stayinghere forthree weeks,and threeweekshas beenreally tough.在其次个three前加the[特指刚刚提到的这三周时间]
6.(2024•洛阳统一考试)I couldonly tellhim atruth.Instead ofscolding,he praisedmyhonesty andthen encouragedme toapologize to our neighbor.a-*the[toll thetruth为固定词组搭配,符合语境,故用定冠词the][要点解读]
1.定冠词的基本用法
2.用于固定搭配中atthemoment此刻,目前bytheway顺便说一下in theway阻碍;挡路in thedistance在远处not in the least一点也不the otherday几天之前on thecontrary与此相反;恰恰相反ontheother hand另一方面to thepoint中肯;切题take theplaceof代替go to the cinema/theater去看电影/戏剧in thehabit of有.......的习惯make themost/best of充分利用to tellyou thetruth跟你说实话for thetime being短暂零冠词考占
二、、、*J/[题组试做]单句改错
1.(2024•河北甘B郸联考)At first,I decidedto eatless inorder tolose theweight.去掉the[lose weight意为“减肥”,为固定短语,故将the去掉]
2.2024•新疆其次次检测Who isin thecharge ofUnited Nations去掉the[in thecharge of为固定搭配,表示“某事物由某人管理,in charge of意为“某人管理某事物”类似的考点还有in thepossession of表示“某事物归某人全部,inpossession of意为“某人拥有某事物”]
3.2024•石家庄检测一In thefact,this happensin manyplaces ofinterest.I havesomesuggestions tosolve thisproblem.去掉the[in fact为固定搭配,意为“事实上”,the多余][要点解读]
1.零冠词的基本用法1用于不含一般名词的纯专出名词或表示泛指的抽象名词、物质名词、不行数名词或复数名词前Human lifeis regardedas partof natureand,as such,the onlyway forus tosurviveis tolive inharmony withnature.人类生活被认为是自然的一部分,因此我们生存的唯一方式就是要与自然和谐相处The Smithsdon,t usuallylike stayingat hotels,but lastsummer theyspent afewdays ata verynice hotelbythesea.史密斯夫妇通常不喜爱住旅馆,但去年夏天他们在海边的一个很舒适的旅馆住了几天2名词前已有this,that,my,your,some,each,no,any等指示代词、物主代词、不定代词作定语时不用冠词Each studentmust handin hisher exercisebook bythe endof thisweek.每个学生必需在本周末交作业本3表示头衔和职务的名词作表语、同位语或补语时,其前通常用零冠词Dr.Peter Spence,headmaster ofthe school,told us,“A fifthof pupilshere goonto studyat Oxfordand Cambridge.”这所学校的校长彼得・斯彭斯博士告知我们说,“这里五分之一的学生都会到牛津高校或者剑桥高校接着学习”⑷用于表示无特指意义的季节、月份、日期、星期和三餐的名词,及球类、棋类和学科名词前Of allthe subjects,I likehistory bestbecause itgives usa usefulknowledge ofthingsin thepast.在全部科目中,我最喜爱历史,因为我们可以从中了解很多过去的有益的学问
3.有无冠词意义不同的搭配advance提前out ofattable在吃饭control失控atthetable在桌子旁at school在上学--attheschool在学校in hospital住院in thehospital在医院里in chargeof掌管in thechargeof在.......掌管之中outofquestion毫无疑问outofthequestion不行能【技法点拨】在语法填空中
1.视察空格后部分的中心词是否是名词或相当于名词的词或短语,因为冠词的作用通常就是用来修饰名词
2.精确理解语境,确定空格所填词表示泛指还是特指
3.理解空格所在句子的意义,分析所填词是否是冠词活用或固定用法[易错提示]在短文改错中L做短文改错时首先要看名词是否可数不行数名词前不加不定冠词,故不行数名词前的不定冠词为多余;而可数名词前若无冠词,则为冠词缺失,必需添加相应的冠词假如名词表示特指,则应用定冠词the
2.做题时要看可数名词或可数名词前修饰词的读音元音音素前用an辅音音素前用a特殊oo留意useful,hour,honest等单词的读音
3.牢记冠词的固定搭配,确定冠词的增与删考点四常考介词的用法[题组试做]I.单句语法填空
1.(2024•临川二中、新余四中联考)Third culturekids maynot beabletoadaptthemselves completelytheir newsurroundings.to[句意“第三文化的孩子们”可能不能使自己完全适应他们自己所处的新环境adaptto...为固定短语,意为“使……适应……”故填介词to]
3.(2024•河南郑州一中测试)Most cavesare formednature underthe ground,but somehaveentrances peoplecanfind.by[句意大部分洞窟是在地下自然形成的,但有些洞窟的入口人们可以发觉by nature为固定搭配,意为“自然地”,故填介词by]
4.(2024•陕西榆林二中模拟)With theInternet,parents cannotcheck apublishedguide todetermine whatis suitabletheir childrento see.for[句意关于因特网,父母们不能审核已发布的指南来确定哪些内容适合他们的孩子阅读their childrentosee”为不定式的复合结构作状语;此不定式的复合结构为介词for+名词/代词+to do,故设空处填介词for]II.单句改错
5.(2024•惠州其次次调研)Despite ofserious illness,he overcameall difficultiesandwas admittedto TsinghuaUniversity withhigh marks.去掉f[考查介词despite“尽管”后跟宾语时不需带f]
6.(2024•兰州诊断)The momentI warnedXiao Mingto takecareof,the icebrokeand heslipped intothe water.去掉of[考查介词takecare后有宾语时才需加介词of][要点解读]
1.表示时间的介词介词用法at表示时间的点,时刻等at600oclock在6点钟;at daybreak在黎明表示详细的日子或一个特定的时间或详细的某一天的上午、下午或晚上常有前置on定语或后置定语修饰on Mondayafternoon在周一下午;onarainy daymorning在一个雨天的上午表7K在某段较长的时间内inthe20th century在20世纪;in winter在冬季;inin September在9月;inthemorning在上午since+时间点自从……以来for+长达……时间段during在……期间until/till直到……by到……为止;不迟于……in/after在……之后in+时间段”常与将来时连用;“after+时间段”常与过去时连+时间段用before在……之前over在……期间;直到……结束Jane isinahurry becausethe traintotheairport leavesin halfan hour.Jane很焦急,因为去机场的火车半小时后动身In Britain,its notunusual tohaveabusiness meetingover breakfast.在英国,早餐时间开商务会议并不稀奇[易错提示]1当时间名词前有this,that,last,next,every,each等词修饰时,通常不用任何介词2“on/upon+名词或动名词”结构可以表示“一……就……”
2.表示方位的介词介词用法at后常接相对较小的地方in后常接相对较大的地方或在某一个大的范围之内on表示“在…上”反义词beneathacross表示“从……的表面穿过;在……对面”through表示“从……的内部穿过“。
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