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第一篇m()China readyto meetchallenges ofTrump era1/2中国将迎接特朗普时代的挑战(上)The meetingbetween ChinesePresident XiJinping andUS PresidentJoe Bidenon Nov16has seta)crucial stagefor thefuture ofChina-US relations.As the worlds twolargest economiesnavigated throughfraught(adj.造成忧虑(或紧张)的)dynamics duringBiden!s tenure,this meetingoffered glimpseinto theirintentionsfor shapingglobal stability.leadersexpressed optimismabout tradecooperation andthe fightagainst climate change,though significantdisagreementson theTaiwan question and technologytransfers wereapparent.The(outcome)of thismeeting underscore(v.强调)the complexinterdependence(n.互相依赖)between theUnited Statesand China.Biden aims to leaveoffice witha stablebilateral(adj.双方的,双边的)relationship一though hisactions contradicted(v.反驳,相矛盾)this purpose-but thereturn ofDonaldTrump tothe WhiteHouse as the47th presidentof the US createsnew uncertaintiesfbr globalgeopolitics,()particularly concernChina.A hawkish(adj.鹰派的;强硬派的)stance towardChina markedTrumps firstterm asUS president.Trump hasemphasized theimportance ofreducing tradeimbalances(n.不平彳野),addressing intellectualpropertyrights concernsand countering(China)growing globalinfluence,and hisHAmerica first”strategy,()define byeconomic nationalismand strategiccompetition,could intensifytensions betweenthe twocountries.Trumpfs likelyfbcus ondomestic priorities—such asre-industrialization andreshoring()manufacturing-may restricthis capableto engagein multilateraldiplomacy.This could lead to a moreunilateraland selectiveapproach toforeign engagements,creating apower vacuumin globalgovernance.,his transactionalapproach tointernational relationscould leadto unpredictableengagements withChina,ranging fromescalated economicdecoupling toselective cooperationon issuessuch asKoreanPeninsula denuclearization(n.无核化)issue orsupply chainstability.This shiftin USforeign policyunder()Trump maypresent opportunitiesfbr otherglobal players,particularly theBRICS-Plus bloc,play abiggerrole inglobal affairs.The potentialimpact ofTrumpfs policieson US-China relationscouldleadtoa moreconfrontational(adj.对抗的;对抗性的)approach,creating more(opportunity)fbr BRICS-Plus toexpandits influence.As US-China relationsface renewedvolatility(n.易变),BRICS-Plus hasan opportunity to position()it asa stabilizingforce ina fragmentedworld.The bloc*s capacityto providealternative frameworksfbr()development and cooperation makesit uniquesuited toaddress theGlobal South*s ever-growing needs,including economicdevelopment,infrastructure improvementand sustainablegrowth.The group*s economicagenda,including theChina-proposed Beltand RoadInitiative andBrazifsexpertise inagricultural innovation,could helpaddress criticalchallenges such as foodsecurity andsustainableinfrastructure developmentacross Africaand Asia,one of the mainissues raisedin thelast G20Summit inRio deJaneiro.第二篇China readyto meetchallenges ofTrump era2/2中国将迎接特朗普时代的挑战下By MarcusVinicius DeFreitas|China DailyFurthermore,the potentialde-dollarization of the globaleconomy—driven byChinas economicpolicyand ongoinginitiatives withinBRICS-Plus——signal ashift awayfrom thelong-standingdominance ofthe USdollar.This transformationcould empoweremerging economiespursuedevelopmentmodels independentof Westernfinancial systems.BRICS-Plus canseize theopportunity toadvocate fbrsignificant reformsin keyinternationalorganizations such astheUnited Nations,the WorldBank andthe InternationalMonetary Fund.Bychampioning multipolarismand localizedsolutions,the bloccould inspiregreatautonomyand resiliencen.恢复力among itsmember statesand partners,leading toamoreequitable anddiversified globalorder.This era of uncertaintyoffers BRICS-Plus theopportunitytoredefine theGlobal Southsrole inglobalgovernance.its potential to establishitself asa crediblealternative totheUS-led worldorder,the bloccaninspire hopeand optimismthrough initiativesfocusing ontrade liberalization,region integrationandsustainable development.Such effortswould enhanceeconomic growthand addresspressing globalchallengessuchasclimatechange,digital inclusionand infrastructuredeficits,instilling senseof hopefbr abetterfuture.The meetingbetween Xiand Bidenhas underscoredthe urgentneed fbrpragmatism n.实用主义andcooperationin addressingthe worldspressing challenges.As Trumpprepares totake office,hispolicies willundoubtedreshape US-China relations,creating challengesand opportunitiesfbr theinternationalcommunity.BRICS-Plus,with itscollective economicstrength and ashare visionfbr afairerworld,holds thepotentialtolead theway inthis neweraof global transformation,inspiring andmotivatingthe internationalcommunity toact swiftlyand decisively.Finally,it isimportant tostress thatthe widespreadflawed conceptofthenThucydides trap,a termusedto describethe likelihoodof conflictwhen arising powerchallengean establishedpower,whileprovocative,needs tobe revisedwhen appliedto China.This conceptneeds toconsider therich nuancesofChinese historyandit historicalcommitment topeaceful coexistence.第匚篇Could seaweedreplace plasticpackaging海藻能代替塑料包装吗?Source:The EconomistInVictorian London,among thefactories andwarehouses ofthe citysEast End,Alexander Parkesdevelopedthe worldsfirst plastiche inventivelycalled itParkesine.Notpla,a startupnow basedin thesamepart ofthe city,want tofollow inhis footsteps.Unlike Parkesine,however,its materialis notmadeto last.And insteadof fossilfuels,it ismade fromseaweed n.海藻.At EmiratesStadium,not faraway,football fansalready gorgev.3良吞虎咽on hotdogs serveon traysthat usethe material,whichdecomposes v.使分解naturally injust sixweeks.Notpla isone ofa numberof companiesare exploringusing naturalpolymers n.[高分子]聚合物一suchascom,mushrooms oragricultural waste—as alternativesto plastic.Traceless,aGerman startup,recently setup afactory toproduce cutleryn.餐具and otherproducts that arecompostable.CA,a Europeanfashion retailer,uses biodegradableadj.可生物降解的hooks madebythe startupto hangsocks.IKEA,a Swedishhomewares giant,has experimentedwith mushroom-basedpackaging.As companiesstep upeffortsreducetheir plasticwaste,expect plentymore innovationin theyearsahead.This year,according tothe OECD,theworldwill producearound500m tonnesof plastic.About tenthofthat willbe recycledandafifth willbe incineratedv.焚烧.The restwillend upin landfillor bedumped intowaterways oroceans.The productionand disposalof plasticaccountsabout3%of globalgreenhouse-gas emissions-more thanfrom aviation.That iswhyon November25th theUN beganfinal negotiationsonabinding globaltreaty thataimstocurb theenvironmentalimpact ofplastic by,among otherthings,set rulesaround recycling.The treatyexpecttocomeinto effectnext year.For mostcompanies,the mainuse ofplastic isfor packaging,which includeseverything frombottlesto protectivewrapping.That accountsfor athird ofthematerialproduction,and muchof itcannot berecycled.Many businesseshave alreadybegun takingsteps toreduce thistype ofwaste.Coca-Cola,forexample,has swappedits greenSprite lemonadebottles fortransparent oneclearplastic iseasier torecycle.Coca-Cola andother packaged-goods giantsincluding Nestle,Unilever andDanone areamong themorethan250companies thathave joineda coalitionn.联盟supporting theUN treaty.Since2018thecompanies inthe coalition,which togetheraccount for20%ofglobalpackaging,reduce theircombineduse ofvirgin plasticby3%.That iscommendable adj.值得赞扬的,far shortofthe18%target theyhadset fornext year.Greater adoptionof alternativepackaging materialsmight helpthem pickup thepace.Nestle isamong thosethatareexploring suchmaterials,having establisheda researchcenter fbrsustainablepackaging in
2019.Entrepreneurs andventure-capital VCinvestors havealso piledin.Since2020VC firmshave invested$
2.7bn insustainable-packaging startups,nearly threetimes theamount inthepreceding fiveyears,according toPitchBook,a dataprovider.参考答案第一篇aBothoutcomesconcerningChinasdefinedcapacityHowever toplayopportunitiesitselfuniquely第二篇signals topursue greaterWith regionala undoubtedlyshared challengesits第三篇wants servedwhichto reducea forsetting isexpected materiaTs oneshave reducedbut译文第一篇:11月16日,习近平主席和美国总统拜登之间的会面为中美关系的未来设定了关键阶段在拜登任期内,世界两大经济体经历了充满挑战的动态,此次会面为它们塑造全球稳定的意图提供了一瞥两位领导人都对贸易合作和对抗气候变化表达了乐观态度,尽管在台湾问题和技术转让上的重大分歧显而易见此次会晤的结果突显了美中之间的复杂相互依赖关系拜登希望离任时双边关系稳定——尽管他的行动与这一目的相矛盾一一但唐纳德•特朗普作为美国第47任总统重返白宫为全球地缘政治带来了新的不确定性,尤其是在中国问题上对中国采取强硬立场是特朗普担任美国总统的第一个任期特朗普强调了减少贸易失衡、解决知识产权问题和反制中国日益增长全球影响力的重要性,而他的“美国优先”战略,即经济民族主义和战略竞争,可能会加剧两国之间的紧张关系特朗普可能将重点放在国内优先事项上,如再工业化和制造业回流,这可能会限制他参与多边外交的能力这可能导致在对外交往中采取更加单边和选择性的方式,在全球治理中造成权力真空然而,他对国际关系的交易性态度可能会导致与中国的不可预测的接触,从升级的经济脱钩到在朝鲜半岛无核化或供应链稳定等问题上的选择性合作特朗普治下美国外交政策的这一转变,可能为其他全球参与者(尤其是金砖+集团)在全球事务中发挥更大作用提供机会特朗普的政策对美中关系的潜在影响可能导致一种更具对抗性的方式,为金砖+扩大影响力创造更多机会在美中关系面临新一轮动荡之际,“金砖+”有机会将自己定位为分裂世界中的稳定力量欧盟为发展与合作提供替代框架的能力,使其独特地适合于解决全球南方日益增长的需求,包括经济建设、基础设施改善和可持续增长该集团的经济议程,包括中国提出的“一带一路”倡议和巴西在农业创新方面的专长,可能有助于解决关键挑战,如非洲和亚洲的粮食安全和可持续基础设施发展,这是上次在里约热内卢举行的20国集团峰会提出的主要问题之一第二篇此外,全球经济潜在的去美元化一一由中国经济政策和金砖国家+内部的持续倡议推动一一标志着美元长期主导地位的转移这一转变可能赋予新兴经济体权力,使其能够追求独立于西方金融系统的发展模式BRICS-Plus可以抓住机会,倡导在联合国、世界银行和国际货币基金组织等关键国际组织中进行重大改革通过支持多极化和本地化解决方案,该集团可以激发其成员国和合作伙伴的更大自主权和韧性,从而建立一个更加公平和多样化的全球秩序这个充满不确定性的时代为金砖国家+提供了重新定义全球南方在全球治理中角色的机会通过专注于贸易自由化、区域一体化和可持续发展的倡议,该集团有可能确立自己作为美国主导的世界秩序的可信替代方案的地位,从而激发希望和乐观情绪这些努力将促进经济增长,并解决气候变化、数字包容性和基础设施赤字等紧迫的全球挑战,为更美好的未来注入希望习近平主席和拜登之间的会面强调了在应对世界紧迫挑战时采取务实态度和进行合作的迫切需求随着特朗普准备就职,他的政策无疑将重塑美中关系,为国际社会带来挑战和机遇金砖国家+凭借其集体经济实力和建立一个更公平世界的共同愿景,有可能在这一全球转型的新时代引领潮流,激励和动员国际社会迅速而果断地采取行动最后,重要的是要强调,广泛存在的“修昔底德陷阱”概念存在缺陷,这个术语用来描述一个崛起的大国挑战一个既成大国时发生冲突的可能性,虽然具有挑衅性,但在应用于中国时需要修改这个概念需要考虑中国历史丰富的细微之处以及其对和平共处的历史承诺第三篇在维多利亚时代的伦敦,东区工厂和仓库林立的地方,亚历山大•帕克斯发明了世界上第一种塑料(他巧妙地将其命名为“帕克辛塑料”)o如今,同样位于这一地区的初创公司Notpla,希望继承帕克斯的创新精神不过,与帕克辛塑料不同的是,Notpla设计的材料并不追求长久耐用,而是以海藻为原料,不依赖化石燃料在附近的酋长球场,足球迷们已经开始使用由这种材料制成的托盘来盛装热狗,这种材料能在六周内自然分解Notpla只是许多探索使用天然聚合物(例如玉米、蘑菇或农业废弃物)作为塑料替代品的公司之一德国的初创公司Traceless最近开设了一家工厂,专门生产可堆肥的餐具和其他产品欧洲时尚零售商CA采用了Traceless生产的可生物降解挂钩来展示袜子瑞典家居用品巨头宜家也曾尝试过使用蘑菇制成的塑料进行包装随着越来越多公司致力于减少塑料垃圾,预计在未来几年,将会涌现更多类似的创新根据经济合作与发展组织(OECD)的统计,今年全球塑料产量将达到约5亿吨其中大约有十分之一会被回收利用,五分之一会被焚烧处理剩下的塑料则被送往垃圾填埋场,或者被倾倒进河流和海洋塑料的生产和处理过程产生的温室气体排放约占全球总量的3%——甚至超过了航空业正因如此,11月25日,联合国开始就一项具有约束力的全球性条约进行最终谈判,该条约的目的是遏制塑料对环境的影响,其中一个措施就是制定有关回收的规则预计该条约将在明年正式生效对大多数公司而言,塑料主要用于包装,涵盖了从瓶子到保护性包装等多个方面这类包装用途占塑料总产量的三分之一,而且大部分塑料无法回收为了减少这种无法回收的废品,许多企业已开始采取行动比如,可口可乐公司已经将雪碧柠檬汽水的绿色瓶子换成了透明瓶子(透明塑料更容易回收)包括可口可乐、雀巢、联合利华以及达能在内的包装食品行业巨头与超过250家其他公司一起,组成了一个支持联合国条约的联盟自2018年以来,该联盟成员企业(其包装总量占全球的20%已经将原生塑料的使用量减少了3%这一成绩值得肯定,但与他们为明年设定的18%的目标相比,还有很大的提升空间更大程度地采用替代包装材料或许能帮助他们加快步伐雀巢就是探索这类材料的企业之一,该公司在2019年成立了一个可持续包装研究中心同时,创业者和风险投资VC投资者也在纷纷加入这一领域据数据提供商PitchBook的数据显示,自2020年以来,风险投资公司已向可持续包装初创企业投资了27亿美元,这一数字几乎是前五年投资总额的三倍。
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