语法点：定语从句讲义 学生版

定语从句概念在复合句中修饰名词或者代词的从句叫作定语从句被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词用来引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词定语从句一般放在先行词之后一.考点

1.关系代词的用法关系代词及其在从句中所作的成分指代在定语从句中充当的成分关系代词人物句子主语宾语表语定语whowhom qthatq Vq Vqwhich Vqwhose Vasq qq1Is hethe manwants to see you2He is the manI sawyesterday.3Can youshow me the photowas takenin theWest Lake4I willnever forgetthe daywe spenttogether.5After graduatingfrom college,I tooksome timeoff to go travelling,turned outto bea wisedecision.6We alllike the teacher classis interesting.7Children whoare notactive ordiet ishigh infat willgain weightquickly.8Please givemethebook coveris red.As的用法lAs引导限制性定语从句，常用于下列句式Such+名词+as…像…一样的，像….之类；the same+名词+as.…和•…同样的,as在从句中担当主语,宾语或表语2As引导非限制性定语从句，具有正如，像，等某些连词的语义，常作实义动词see,know,hear,watch的宾语As引导的句子可放在句首，句末或句中1is knownto all,the moontravels roundthe earthonce everymonth.2Taiwan isan inseparablepart ofChina,is knowto all.3We havefound suchmaterials areused in their factory.4He isnot the same manhe was.区别such...that/as前者表示如此…•以致.…the same…that/as:前者表示同意人或物，后者表示同种类的东西翻译这就是我弄丢的那本书这就像我弄丢的那本书

二、关系副词的用法关系代词指代先行词在定语从句中充当的成分when时间时间名词时间状语where地点地点名词地点状语why原因reason原因状语lWe willnever forgetthe daythe PeoplesRepublic ofChina wasfounded.5The officehe worksis onthe secondfloor.6The reasonhe didntcome wasunknown.注意where可指代模糊地点，可译为在.•…之中activity,case,atmosphere,area,work,race.Eg.Today,we willdiscuss anumber ofcases beginnersof Englishfail touse thelanguage properly.Life islike along racewe competewith otherstogobeyond ourselves.高考链接

1.Ive becomegood friendswith severalof thestudents inmy schoolI metin theEnglish speechcontest lastyear.

2.The oldtemple roofwas damagedin astorm isnow underrepair.

3.——Can youbelieve Ihad topay30dollars fora haircut——You shouldtry thebarber9s Igo.

三、关系词用that不用which的情况

1.当先行词是不定代词或者被它们修饰时1Now allthat wasneeded werethe parents,but theywere absent.2017全国D2All thatcan be done mustbedone.

2.当先行词被形容词最高级或者序数词所修饰时1This wasone ofthe mostinteresting booksthat weresold inthis bookstore.2This isthe firstletter thathe haswritten tome.

3.当先行词有the very,the only,thesame等修饰时1That isthe onlything wecan donow.2This isthe veryman thatI wanttosee.

4.当先行词既有人又有物时They aretalking aboutthe personsand thingsthat theysaw inthe factory.

5.当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时China isnot thecountry thatit was.

6.当主句是以who,which或what开头的特殊疑问句时Who isthe manthat iswaiting atthe schoolgate

7.当先行词为the way,the time,the period等，关系代词常用that,但常被省略I dontlike theway thatyou speakto her.四.以下情况用which,不用that

1.引导非限制性定语从句Football,which isan interestinggame,is playedall overthe world.

2.直接放在介词后面作宾语时Language isthe mostimportant toolwithout whichpeople cantcommunicate witheach other.区别that和which的顺口溜:That,which可互换，下列情况勿照办，That情况比较多，不妨对你说一说；不定代词这路货，全用that准没错先行词前被限制，千万不要用which,要用which别着急，介词提前逗距离五.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句L关系代词的选定如果先行词指物，关系代词用which,指人用whom,如:This isthe classroomwhich westudies lastyear.There aresixty studentsin ourclass,twenty ofwhom aregirls.

2.介词的选定1根据先行词来选介词The reasonwhich Icame hereis thatI wantto getyour help.The farmwhich Ionce workedhas takenon anew look.2根据从句中的谓语动词或形容词来选介词The personwhom Ispoke justnow ismy Englishteacher.China isa beautifulcountry,which weare greatlyproud.注意介词+which可替换相应的关系副词when,where,why.Eg.I stillremember theday onwhich=I firstcame toschool.The factoryin which=1work isa largeone.This isthe reasonfor which=he wasput inprison.六.非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别名称意义结构要求引导词先行词译法紧跟先行词后，无所有关系代词和关系名词，代词或起限定作用，不可省去,限制性定语逗号副词名词短语否则主句不完整名词，代词，关系代词which,who,补充说明的作用，省去名词短语或整非限制性逗号隔开先行词并列分句whom,as,关系副词后，不影响句子意思个主句when whereThis isthe place,where helived forten years.Thisistheplacewhere helived forten years.As和which引导非限制性定语从句的异同1As和which都可以在定语从句中作主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子He marriedthe girl,as/which wasnatural.⑵as引导的非限制性定从可放在主句之前之后，还可以分割主句，常见于as isknown,as sb.can know等句型中，which引导的非限制性定从只能放在主句后3当定语从句结构为“主语+谓语+宾语”时，常用whichoEg.He camelate thismorning,which madetheteachervery angry.七.定语从句的省略结构在使用定语从句的过程中，为了简化定语从句，可把定语简化为各种短语结构省略条件定语从句结构引导词+be+其他省略成分引导词+be常见省略形式分词短语，形容词短语，介词短语，不定式短语Eg.The boyhelped thepeople whoare hurtintheaccident.T amcalling toenquire aboutthe positionadvertiseinyesterdays ChinaDaily.。