2022届高考英语阅读理解专项训练：世界与环境（含答案解析）

届高考英语阅读理解专项训练世界与环境2022

一、阅读理解-阅读选择（共小题；共分）20160阅读短文，选择最佳选项Nickname:Hawaiis Islandof Adventure.Size:4,028square miles.Population:148,

677.The mostheavily populatedareas areHilo on the eastside andKailua-Kona on the west.Temperature:Averages between71°F and77°F yeararound.Beaches:47Golf Courts:20Highest Peak:Mauna Kea,13,796feet.（主体）Agriculture:The bulkof Hawaiisfarming productsare grownand processedon the Big Island,includingcoffee,macadamia nutsand papaya.Lodging:9,655rooms intotal;nightly ratesrange from$35to$5,

000.Airports:Hilo InternationalAirport on the eastside andKona InternationalAirport on the westside.Rental Cars:All of the nationallyknown rentalcar companieshave locationsat HiloInternational andKonaInternational Airportsas wellas manyresorts.In addition,Hilo,Kona and the major resort areas are serviced bytaxis.（）Resources:Call800648-2441to ordera video,a poster,brochures andmaps from the BigIsland VisitorsBureau.Turn towww.Bigisland,org forupdated information.Shopping:The largestshopping centersare inHilo,Kona,Waimea and the KonaCoast.

1.The passageis mainlywritten for.A.students B.travelers（移民）C.businessmen D.immigrants

2.Which of the followingis NOTmentioned asa trafficmeans to get around theBigIslandA.By busB.By airC.By rentalcar D.By taxi

3.Which of the followingstatements is TRUE according to the passage（）A.You cancall800648-2441to ordersome food.B.You canfind somecourts toplay tennison theisland.C.You cantsee forupdated information.D.You maypay ahigh pricefor spendingone nighton theisland.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的、、、四个选项中，选出最佳选项A BC D一The orangetowers of the Golden Gate Bridgeprobably the most beautiful,certainly the most photographedbridge in the world-are visiblefrom almostevery pointof elevationsin San Francisco.The onlycleft inNorthern Californias600-mile continentalwall,for yearsthis mile-wide strait was consideredunbridgeable.As muchan architecturalas anengineering feat,the Golden Gate tookonly52months todesign andbuild.Designed byJoseph Strauss,itwas the first really massivesuspension bridge,with aspan of4,200ft,The Museumof InnocenceLoveand Madnessin Istanbul（详尽的）Its allan elaborateand preciselyconstructed lie:a museumbuilt totell thestory of a self-referentialbook createdaround thecontents of the soon-to-finish museum.A taleof love and loss,but mainlymadness,whichis entirelyfictional but in whichthe veryreal authorplays acentral narrativerole.It is the Museumof Innocence.（凯末尔）The storyfocuses on the characterof Kemaland hislove for a beautifulshop girland distantcousin（芙颂）.Fusun Kemafsstory isone oflust,obsession and eventual ruin.Were thecharacter real.I expectthat mostofus woulddistance ourselvesfrom himin the same waythat Istanbulshigh societydo in the novel.

30.And thisis especiallythe casewhen onereads throughKemals storyof madnessand presentshimselfor herselfin thecollection ofobjects thatrepresent KemaFsloveandloss.The museumfollows thenarrative of the bookprecisely presenting83displays thateach reflectsone of thebooks83chapters to accompany thestoryline

31.In thiscase,as in many,the itemsthat weaccumulatein ourlives are the remindersto helpus recallthose memories.

32.Mounted on the groundfloor is a displayof4,213cigarette stubs,each notedwith atime ordate orcommentsspeaking to the verymoment ittouched herhands,her lips,and sobecame apart ofher story.Though its hard to match thevisual appealof thatfirst display,representing chapter68of the book,the（换起）combination ofsights andsounds throughout the three-story museumevokes thestory in a waythat readingalonecouldnt hopeto do.

33.You couldsurely visitthe museumwithout havingread the book orgive ita readwithno intentionto visitthe museumbut,frankly,you shouldntpick up a copya monthor twobefore atrip toIstanbul,and giveyourself thepleasure ofexperiencing thestory twicein differentforms.If,like Kemal,you findyourself longingfor sometangible physicalreminder of the experienceNot toworry,theres awell-stocked gift shop fullof smallsouvenirs andorhan Pamuksother works.

30.A.The museumof Innocenceis anovel writtenby OrhanPamuk,Nobel-laureate Turkishnovelist publishedonAugust29,

2008.B.However,its hardnot tofeel sorryfor thepoor souland empathizesomewhat withwhat has been lost.C.these exhibitsconvey an idea that when one realizes that he or she is about to lose his or her lover,one tendstoseize onto the closestthing related to thatperson.D.Similarly,the writtennarrative of the bookoffers moredetailed insightsinto thecharacters and their thoughtsthancan beconveyed justby viewingthe museum.E.The Museumof Innocenceitself,though notparticularly noteworthyfrom theoutside,is visuallyarresting fromthe first glanceinside.F.Compared withthose hohavent readthe novel,people whohave readit willbetter graspthe manyhiddenmeanings of the museum.

31.A.The museumof Innocenceis anovel writtenby OrhanPamuk,Nobel-laureate Turkishnovelist publishedonAugust29,

2008.B.However,its hardnot tofeel sorryfor thepoor souland empathizesomewhat withwhat hasbeen lost.C.these exhibitsconvey an idea that when one realizes that he or she is about to lose his or her lover,one tendstoseize onto the closestthing related to thatperson.D.Similarly,the writtennarrative of the bookoffers moredetailed insightsinto thecharacters and their thoughtsthancan beconveyed justby viewingthe museum.E.The Museumof Innocenceitself,though notparticularly noteworthyfrom theoutside,is visuallyarresting fromthe first glanceinside.F.Compared withthose hohavent readthe novel,people whohave readit willbetter graspthe manyhiddenmeanings of the museum.

32.A.The museumof Innocenceis anovel writtenby OrhanPamuk,Nobel-laureate Turkishnovelist publishedonAugust29,

2008.B.However,its hardnot tofeel sorryfor thepoor souland empathizesomewhat withwhat hasbeen lost.C.theseexhibits conveyanideathatwhenonerealizesthat heorsheis abouttolosehisorherlover,one tendsto seizeontothe closestthing relatedto thatperson.D.Similarly,the writtennarrative of thebookoffers moredetailed insightsinto thecharacters and their thoughtsthancan beconveyed justby viewingthe museum.E.The Museumof Innocenceitself,though notparticularly noteworthyfrom theoutside,is visuallyanesting fromthe first glanceinside.F.Compared withthose hohaven*t readthe novel,people whohave readit willbetter graspthe manyhiddenmeanings of the museum.

33.A.The museumof Innocenceisanovel writtenby OrhanPamuk,Nobel-laureate Turkishnovelist publishedonAugust29,

2008.B.However,its hardnot tofeel sorryfor thepoor souland empathizesomewhat withwhat hasbeen lost.C.theseexhibits conveyanideathatwhenonerealizesthatheorsheisabouttolosehisorherlover,one tendsto seizeontothe closestthing relatedto thatperson.D.Similarly,the writtennarrative of thebookoffers moredetailed insightsinto thecharacters and their thoughtsthancan beconveyed justby viewingthe museum.E.The Museumof Innocenceitself,though notparticularly noteworthyfrom theoutside,is visuallyarresting fromthefirst glanceinside.F.Compared withthose hohaven*t readthe novel,people whohave readit willbetter graspthe manyhiddenmeanings of the museum.Sydney Cinemasin HistoricBuildingsThe OrpheumRunningsince1935,the Orpheumis ofbeautiful artdesign.When itwas built,the Orpheumwas usedas atheatrewith astage anddressing rooms.It couldseat1735people.Later,the theatrewas turnedinto a shoppingmall.However,in1986the theatrewas boughtby MikeWalsh OBEand turnedinto a theatre again.Now this（现场的）six-screen cinemashows oldand newfilms to people.And you can stillenjoy live music on weekends.Where:Hayden OrpheumPicture Palace,380a Military Road,CremorneThe RitzThisfamily-owned cinemawas builtin

1937.At first,the cinemahad anumber ofowners until,in1993,whenthe ownersplanned topull down the building,the localgovernment orderedpeople to protect itforever.Since then,another fivescreens have been added,making theRitz one of Sydneys oldest multi-screen cinemas.Its knownfor（建筑风格）its beautifularchitecture andlow ticketprices.Where:45St.Pauls Street,Randwick（酒吧）Golden Age Cinema andBarGolden AgeCinema hasbeen carefullyrebuilt.It nowincludes awonderful barthat serveswines,beers andcocktails,and servessnacks andfood specialstomatchthe cinemaprogram.Also in the buildingGolden Stagefeatureslivemusicacts.A tripto Golden AgeCinemaisarelaxing experiencefor visitors.Where:80Commonwealth Street,Surry Hills

34.When itwas built,the Orpheumwas designed to beA.a barB.a railwaystationC.atheatreD.ashoppingmall

35.Which of the followingis stillowned by a familyA.The Orpheum.B.The Ritz.C.Golden AgeCinema.D.GoldenAgeBar.

36.If you are interestedin drinking,youaresupposed to go to.A.380MilitaryRoadB.45St.Pauls streetC.80Commonwealth StreetD.Hayden OrpheumPicture Palace

37.What dothefirsttwo cinemashave in commonA.They havebeautiful artdesign.B.They areowned by the localgovernment.C.They bothserve filmsas wellas drinks.D.They wereonce turnedinto shoppingmalls.

38.Which oneisTRUEaccording to the passageA.The Ritzcan holdup to1735people.B.The Orpheumserved asa cinemafrom1935to

1986.C.The oldestmulti-screen cinemain Sydneyis theRitz.D.You canenjoy livemusic in the Orpheumon weekends.阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的选项中，选择最佳选项Before1840architects and builders madebuildings fromstone,brick,or wood.The outsidewalls heldup theweight of the building.A buildingthat hadmore than a fewstories becamevery heavy.A tallbuilding,such asacastle,had verythick walls.As timewent by,architecture beganto change.By1850builders hadbegun to use a metal callediron for the frontsofsome largebuildings.Iron islighter thanstone and stronger thanwood.People digraw iron from theground,but（合金）.raw iron is not enough to use in buildings.Builders mustuse anothertype ofiron called an alloyAnalloy isa metalthat containsdifferent metalsand othercompounds,or mixturesof chemicals.The metalsand（鼓compounds aremelted andmixed togetherto form the alloy.To make an ironalloy,workers use a blast furnace风炉）.This machinecreates greatheat.It has a tallchamber thatis linedwith brickand openat the top.Workers（）put limestone,raw iron,and cokea substancemade fromcoal into the topof thefurnace.They forcehot airintothe bottomof thefurnace.The hot air and a chemicalreaction turnthe materialsinto aliquid mass.Workers pour（同“渣）,off wasteliquid,called slagand savethe iron.Then theyform thehot iron into largeblocks calledpigs（金属块），which can be formedinto objects.This formediron iscalled cast iron.Cast iron is strong,but itstill containsunwanted materials.People wanted to remove these impurities.To dothis,they neededto heat the ironto veryhigh temperature.Blast furnacescould notmake thatmuch heat.In Englandin1855,Sir HenryBessemer foundthe solution.He forcedair throughliquid pigiron.The oxygenin theairmixed with the impurities in the iron ina processcalled oxidation.Oxidation createsheat.The heatturnsimpurities intoslag,which ispoured offso thatonly puresteel remains.Pure steelis muchstronger than iron.TheBessemer processtook place in anegg-shaped machinecalled aconverter.With thisprocess,workers begantomake large amounts of steel quickly and cheaply.By thelate1800s,many peoplelived inbig cities.The priceof landincreased,one waybuilders couldlower costswasto buildtaller buildings,which usedless land.In Chicagoin1889,George A.Fuller completedthe TacomaBuildings,which hadsteel beamsto holdup itsweight.Soon peoplebuilt moretall buildingswith10to20stories.These werethefirstskyscrapers.

39.Alloys areimportant because they.A.have noimpuritiesB.are theraw materialsthat peopleuse to make ironC.may bemore usefulthan theseparate metalsin the alloy D.contain different metals

40.The Bessemerprocess wasa successbecause itproduced.A.iron fromsteelB.steel quicklyand cheaplyC.less slagthan a blast furnaceD.impurities in the iron

41.Sir HenryBessemer probably.A.avoided difficultproblems B.created slaginto puresteelC.was unfamiliar with metalsD.knew how to make castiron

42.From thearticle,you canconclude thatarchitects throughout history.A.thought carefullyabout materialswhen theydesigned buildingsB.could notdesign creativebuildings untilsteel wasinvented C.disliked stone,brick,and woodD.liked todesign tall buildings

43.Which of the statementsbelow expressesthe mainidea of the articleA.Discoveries aboutiron andsteel haveallowed people to buildtaller buildings.B.Sir HenryBessemer developeda processto makesteel.C.Architects usemany kindsof materialsin buildings.D.Changes aboutdesigning building.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的、、、四个选项中，选出最佳选项A BC DThedesire to build bigbuildings is nothing new.Big buildings have beenused to show offpower andhealth;tohonor leadersor religiousbeliefs;to stretchthe limitsof whatspossible;and even as simplecompetition amongowners,architects,andbuilders.Some of the mostdramatic buildingsof thepast includethe pyramidsin Egypt,and（法国哥特式教堂）.the gothiccathedrals ofFrance These buildingshave one thing in common.They werebuiltwith stone walls supporting most of the weight,including thatof thefloors,the peopleand everythingthe roomcontained.Since thebirth ofskyscrapers,builders and engineers havecontinuously lookedfor waysto improvebuildingmethods andmaterials,in orderto makestructures stronger,taller and lighter.Skyscrapers arebuilt tolast,so theymustbe made of materialsthat arestrong,durable,and resistantto sun,wind,rain,frost andsnow.Concrete isone（无所不能的）.of the most common materials,because its so versatileIts compositioncan bechanged dependingon the needsof the building.It canbe strengthenedto makeit stifferby settingsteel barsinto theconcrete.Another veryimportant materialis glass.Because thesteel structurenow supportsthe main loads of the building,the outerskin onlyserves to keep theweather outandlightin,the morelight thebetter.So glasswalls becameverypopular afterWorld WarII,because they are waterproofwhile providingplenty ofnatural light,and alsobecausethey areso muchlighter andcheaper than stones andconcrete.

44.One thingthe mostdramatic buildingsof thepast haveincommonis that.A.people supportthe weightof thefloorsB.every thingcanbefound in the roomsC.they werebuilt withstone wallsD.stone walls,floors andpeople werecontained in the building

45.Concrete is widely usedin buildingbecause.A.it isso versatileandstronger

8.1t takesquite along timefor buildersandengineersto getitC.it keepsoutthesun,wind,rain,frost andsnow D.it costsmuch lessthanstones

46.Which statementis NOTtrue aboutglassA.It canstand the mainloads of the building.B.It actsas outerskin of the building.C.It keepsout water.D.It letsin more natural light.

47.What is the authorsintention inwriting thispassageA.To warnus againstusing stonesinbuilding.B.To encourageus to build bigand highbuildings.C.To introducetwo newbuilding materialstous.D.To persuadeus toput inuse thetwo buildingmaterials.（水龙头）For mostAmericans,a cleanglass of water isjust amatter oftaming ona faucet

48.（）On Wednesday,the United Nations UNmarked World Water Dayby tryingto cutthe number of peoplewithoutgood drinking water_one billionhuman beingsworldwide—in half.In thenext tenyears,the UNwill workwithgovernments aroundthe world to reducethe shortage.49In India,many peoplebatheand washtheir clothesin riversthat arepolluted byhuman waste.50The linksbetween water and humanhealth arepowerful/1said Dr.Lee Jong-wook director-general of theWorld HealthOrganization（WHO）.nWe cannotlive withoutclean water/*51Theagency providedclean waterto nearly500,000people inIndonesia andSri Lankaafter thetsunami.52Since then,it iscelebrated eachyear onMarch

22.

48.A.World WaterDay was first celebratedin

1993.（卫生）B.According to the UN,not havingenough clean water and sanitation causesmore thanthree milliondeathsa year.C.We arebadly inneed ofclean water.D.Without clean water,many peopleuse waterwhich isharmful to their health.E.But formany of the worlds poorest,its hardto get.F.In fact,the InternationalFederation of the RedCross saidthat quickreaction afterlast yearsAsian tsunamihadstopped disease.G.We provideclean waterto thepeople intsunami.

49.A.World WaterDay wasfirst celebratedin

1993.（卫生）B.According tothe UN,not havingenough clean water and sanitation causesmore thanthree milliondeathsa year.C.We arebadly inneed ofclean water.D.Without clean water,many peopleuse waterwhich isharmful totheir health.E.But formany of the worldspoorest,its hardto get.F.In fact,the InternationalFederation of the RedCross saidthat quickreaction afterlast yearsAsian tsunamihadstopped disease.G.We provideclean watertothepeople intsunami.

50.A.World WaterDay wasfirst celebratedin

1993.（卫生）B.According tothe UN,not havingenough clean water and sanitation causesmore thanthree milliondeathsa year.C.We arebadly inneed ofclean water.D.Without cleanwater,many peopleuse waterwhich isharmful totheir health.E.But formany of the worldspoorest,its hardto get.F.In fact,the InternationalFederation of the RedCross saidthat quickreaction afterlast yearsAsian tsunamihadstopped disease.G.We providecleanwatertothepeople intsunami.

51.A.World WaterDay wasfirst celebratedin

1993.（卫生）B.According tothe UN,not havingenough cleanwater andsanitation causesmore thanthree milliondeathsa year.C.We arebadly inneed ofcleanwater.D.Without cleanwater,many peopleuse waterwhich isharmful totheir health.E.But formany of the worldspoorest,its hardto get.F.ln fact,the InternationalFederation of the RedCross saidthat quickreaction afterlast yearsAsian tsunamihadstopped disease.G.We providecleanwatertothepeople intsunami.

52.A.WorldWaterDay wasfirst celebratedin

1993.（卫生）B.According tothe UN,not havingenough cleanwater andsanitation causesmore thanthree milliondeathsa year.C.We arebadly inneed ofcleanwater.D.Without cleanwater,many peopleuse waterwhich isharmful totheir health.E.But formany of the world*spoorest,itshardto get.F.In fact,the InternationalFederation of the RedCross saidthat quickreaction afterlast yearsAsian tsunamihadstopped disease.G.We providecleanwatertothepeople intsunami.Sustainable CitiesNeed MoreThan Parks,Cafes anda RiverwalkThere are manystandards thataim torank howgreen citiesare.But whatdoes itactually meanfor acity tobegreen or sustainableWeve writtenabout whatwe callthe parks,cafes anda riverwalkmodel ofsustainability,which focusesonproviding newgreen spaces,mainly forhigh-income people.This visionof shinyresidential towersand waterfrontparkshas become a widely-shared conceptionof whatgreen citiesshould looklike.53（住宅高档化）Gentrification has becomeacatch-all termused todescribe neighborhoodchange,and is oftenmisunderstood as the onlypath toneighborhood improvement.In fact,its definingfeature isdisplacement.Typically,people whomove intothese changingneighborhoods arewealthier andmore educatedthan residentswho are displaced.A recentflood ofnew researchhas focusedonthedisplacement effectsof environmental cleanup andgreenspace initiatives.54Land fornew developmentand resourcesto fundextensive cleanupof poisonoussites arescarce inmanycities.55And inneighborhoods wheregentrification hasalready begun,a newpark orfarmersmarket canworsen theproblem bymaking thearea even more attractiveto potentialhigh-income peopleandpricing outlong-term residents.In somecases,developers evencreate temporarycommunity gardensor farmersmarketsor promisemore greenspace than they eventuallydeliver,in orderto marketa neighborhoodto buyerslookingfor greenpleasantness.56It makesdeindustrialization seemboth inevitableand desirable,often byquite literallyreplacingdustry withmorenatural-looking landscapes.When theseneighborhoods arefinally cleanedup,afteryears of activism bylongtime residents,those advocatesoften areunable tostay andenjoy thebenefits oftheirefforts.

53.A.This phenomenonis often missing from development projects promoted as green or sustainable.B.Thisphenomenon hasvariously beencalled environmental,eco-or greengentrification.C.Greening andenvironmental cleanupdo notautomatically ornecessarily lead to gentrification.D.This createspressure torezone industrialland forresidential towersor profitablecommercial space,in exchangefordeveloper-funded cleanup.E.But itcan driveup realestate pricesand displacelow-and middle-income residents.F.Environmental gentrificationnaturalizes thedisappearance ofmanufacturing andthe workingclass.

54.A.Thisphenomenon isoften missingfrom developmentprojects promotedas greenor sustainable.B.This phenomenonhasvariously beencalled environmental,eco-or greengentrification.C.Greening andenvironmental cleanupdo notautomatically ornecessarily leadto gentrification.D.This createspressure torezone industrialland forresidential towersor profitablecommercial space,in exchangefordeveloper-funded cleanup.E.But itcan driveup realestate pricesand displacelow-and middle-income residents.F.Environmental gentrificationnaturalizes thedisappearance ofmanufacturing andthe workingclass.

55.A.Thisphenomenon isoften missingfrom developmentprojects promotedas greenorsustainable.B.This phenomenonhasvariously beencalled environmental,eco-or greengentrification.C.Greening andenvironmental cleanupdo notautomatically ornecessarily leadto gentrification.D.This createspressure torezone industrialland forresidential towersor profitablecommercial space,in exchangefordeveloper-funded cleanup.E.But itcan driveup realestate pricesand displacelow-and middle-income residents.F.Environmental gentrificationnaturalizes thedisappearance ofmanufacturing andthe workingclass.

56.A.Thisphenomenon isoftenmissingfromdevelopmentprojectspromotedasgreenorsustainable.B.This phenomenonhasvariously beencalled environmental,eco-or greengentrification.C.Greening andenvironmentalcleanupdo notautomatically ornecessarily leadto gentrification.D.This createspressure torezone industrialland forresidential towersor profitablecommercial space,in exchangefordeveloper-funded cleanup.E.But itcan driveup realestate pricesand displacelow-and middle-income residents.F.Environmental gentrificationnaturalizes thedisappearance ofmanufacturing andthe workingclass.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的、、、四个选项中，选出最佳选项A BC DBefore1840architects andbuilders madebuildings fromstone,brick,or wood.The outsidewalls heldup theweightofthebuilding.A buildingthat hadmore thana fewstories becamevery heavy.A tallbuilding,such asacastle,had verythick walls.As timewent by,architecture beganto change.By1850builders hadbegun to usea metal callediron for the frontsofsome largebuildings.Iron islighter thanstone andstronger thanwood.People digraw ironfrom theground,but（合金）.raw iron is not enough to use in buildings.Builders mustuse anothertype ofiron calledan alloyAnalloy isametalthat containsdifferentmetalsand othercompounds,or mixturesof chemicals.The metalsand（鼓compounds aremelted andmixed togetherto formthealloy.To makeanironalloy,workers useablastfurnace风炉）.This machinecreates greatheat.It hasa tallchamber thatis linedwith brickand openat thetop.Workers（）put limestone,raw iron,and cokea substancemade fromcoal intothetopofthefurnace.They forcehotairintothe bottomofthefurnace.The hotair anda chemicalreaction turnthe materialsinto aliquid mass.Workers pour（彳厂渣）,off wasteliquid,called slagand savethe iron.Then theyformthehot ironinto largeblocks calledpigs（金属块），which canbe formedinto objects.This formediron iscalled castiron.Cast ironis strong,but itstill containsunwanted materials.People wanted to remove these impurities.To dothis,they neededto heat the ironto veryhigh temperature.Blast furnacescould notmake thatmuch heat.In Englandin1855,Sir HenryBessemer foundthe solution.He forcedair throughliquid pigiron.The oxygenin theairmixed with the impuritiesin theironina processcalled oxidation.Oxidation createsheat.The heatturnsimpurities intoslag,which ispoured offso thatonly puresteel remains.Pure steelis muchstronger thaniron.TheBessemer processtook placein anegg-shaped machinecalledaconverter.With thisprocess,workers begantomake large amounts of steel quicklyand cheaply.By thelate1800s,many peoplelived inbig cities.The priceof landincreased,one waybuilders couldlower costswasto buildtaller buildings,which usedless land.In Chicagoin1889,George A.Fuller completedthe TacomaBuildings,which hadsteel beamsto holdup itsweight.Soon peoplebuilt moretallbuildingswith10to20stories.These werethefirstskyscrapers.

57.Alloys areimportant because they.A.have noimpuritiesB.are theraw materialsthat peopleuse to make ironC.may bemore usefulthan theseparate metalsin thealloy D.contain differentmetals

58.The Bessemerprocess wasa successbecause itproduced.A.ironfromsteelB.steel quicklyand cheaplyC.less slagthanablastfurnaceD.impuritiesin theiron

59.Sir HenryBessemer probably.A.avoided difficultproblems B.created slaginto puresteel C.was notfamiliarwithmetals such as steelD.knewhow to makecastiron

60.From thearticle,you canconclude thatarchitects throughouthistory.A.thought carefullyabout materialswhen theydesigned buildingsB.could notdesign creativebuildings untilsteel wasinvented C.disliked stone,brick,and woodD.liked todesign tallbuildings

61.Which ofthe statementsbelow expressesthe mainidea ofthe articleA.Discoveries aboutiron andsteel haveallowed people tobuildtaller buildings.B.Sir HenryBessemer developeda processto makesteel.C.Architects usemany kindsof materialsin buildings.D.Changes aboutdesigning building.In thelatter part ofthe20th century,child laborremains aserious probleminmanyparts ofthe world.Studiescarried outin1979,the International Year ofthe Children,showed thatmore than50million childrenbelow theageof15were workingin variousjobs oftenunder dangerousconditions.Many ofthese childrenlive inunderdeveloped countries in Latin America,Africa,and Asia.Their livingconditions arecrude and their chancesforeducation small.The poorincome theybring in,however,is necessaryfor thesurvival oftheir families.（得体的，合适的）Frequently,these familieslack thebasic necessitiesof life—adequate food,decent clothingandshelter,andevenwater forbathing.In somecountries industrializationhas createdworking conditions for childrenthat arecomparable tothe worstfeaturesofthe19th-century factoriesand mines.In India,for example,some20,000children work16-hour daysinmatch factories.Child-labor problemsare not,of course,limited todeveloping nations.They occurwherever povertyexists in（根除）Europe andthe United States.The mostimportant effortsto eliminatechild-labor abusesthroughout the（）world comefrom theInternational LaborOrganization ILO,founded in1919and nowa specialagency ofthe（规定）UnitedNations.The organizationhas introducedseveral child-labor conventionsamong itsmembers,（最低）including aminimum ageof16years for admission to all work,a higherminimum ageof specifictypes of（强制的）（服从）employment,compulsory medicalexaminations,and Itdepends onvoluntary obedienceofmember nations.and until1959ranked asthe worldslongest.It connectsthe cityat itsnorthwesterly pointonthe（经受住）peninsula toMarin Countyand Northern California,and wasdesignedtowithstand windsof up toa（恐怖hundred milesan hourand toswing as much as27ft.Handsome ona clearday,the bridgetakes onan eerie的）quality when the thickwhite fogspour inand hideit almostcompletely.You caneither driveor walkacross.The driveis themore thrillingofthetwo optionsas yourace underthe bridgestowers,but thehalf-hour walkacross itreally givesyou timeto take in its enormous size and absorb the views of thecitybehind youandtheheadlands ofNorthern Californiastraight ahead.Pause at the midwaypoint andconsider（自杀者）the sevenor sosuicides a month whochoose thisspot,260ft up,as theirjumping-off spot.Monitors ofsuchevents speculatethat victimsalways facethe citybefore theyleap.In1995,whenthesuicide tollfrom thebridgehad reachedalmost1,000,police keptthe figuresquiet to avoid arush ofwould-be suicidesgoing for the（可疑的）dubious distinctionof beingthe thousandthperson toleap.（吉利的）Perhaps thebest lovedsymbol ofSan Francisco,in1987the GoldenGate provedan auspiciousplace fora sunrise party when crowds gathered to celebrate its fiftieth anniversary.Some quarterofamillion peopleturned（）upa third ofthe citys entire population;the windswere strongandthehuge numberscaused thebridge tobuckle,but fortunatelynot tobreak.

4.The underlinedword bucklehere meansA.collapse B.crash CbendD.shake

5.The GoldenGate Bridgewas completedin.A.1922B.1995C.1937D.

19596.Which ofthe followingis TRUEA.The GoldenGate is the longestbridge in the world.B.So farabout1,000people havekilled themselvesfrom the GoldenGate.C.It tookthe workers52months tobuild theGoldenGate.D.San Franciscohad apopulation ofabout750,000in

1987.

7.If youwant toenjoy theviews ofSanFranciscofrom thebridge,youd bettercross thebridge.A.by trainB.on footC.by carD.by shipAnew reportby theWorld Bankshows that the effectsof climate change couldforce140million people to movewithin their countriesby

2050.The reportlooked atthree developing regions ofthe world-sub-Saharan Africa,South Asiaand Latin America.8Climate migrantsare peoplewho areforced tomove within their countrybecause of water scarcity,crop failure,rising sealevels andstorm surgesdue to climatechange.9It isimportant tohelp peoplemake gooddecisions aboutwhether tostay where they areor movetonew locationswhere they are lessvulnerable.The reportnoted that the effectsof climatechange willoften forcepeopletomove from rural areassufferingfrom droughtsor cropfailures tocities where there aredifferent opportunities.10Without the

62.The useof children workers is the mostserious.A.in thelatter partofthe20th centuryB.in theInternationalYearoftheChild in1979C.in thepoorest andbackward partsofthe world D.in someareas ofLatin America

63.Often childrenhave towork because.A.they cannot affordtogoto schoolB.theyareforced towork by their parentsC.there isno organizationtoprotectthem D.they have to providefor their families

64.According tothe UNconventions,.A.employers shouldprovide medicalcare forchildren workersB.children cannot beemployedC.children shouldnever be arranged towork atnightD.all countriesshould givechildren workersregular physicalexaminations

65.As faras childlabor isconcerned,inIndia,.A.children workerswork the longest hoursB.the workingconditionsforchildren arereally verybadC.most childrenworkers areemployed in match factoriesD.there hasbeen greatimprovement in the workingcondition sincethe last centuryWindsor Castleis anofficial residenceofthe Queen andthe largestoccupied castlein the world.A Royalhome andfortressfor over900years,the Castleremains aworking palacetoday.The Queenuses theCastle bothasaprivate home,where sheusually spendsthe weekend,and asa Royalresidenceat whichshe performscertain formalduties.Every yearthe Queentakes upofficial residencein Windsor Castle foramonth over Easter March-April,known asEaster Court.During thattime the Queen hostsoccasional ndineandsleep eventsfor guests,including politiciansand publicfigures.The Queen is alsoin residenceforaweek in June,when sheattends theservice ofthe OrderoftheGarter andthe RoyalAscot horseracing meeting.最高统治者Windsor Castleisoftenused bythe Queento hostState Visitsfrom overseasmonarchs andpresidents.Foreign Headsof Stateenter theCastle inhorse-drawn carriagesthrough the George IVGateway intothe quadrangle in the Upper Ward,where amilitary guard of honour is drawn up.The traditionalState Banquetisheld inSt GeorgesHali

55.5m longand9m wide,with atable seatingupto160guests.St GeorgesChapel remainsan activecentre forworship,with dailyservices open toall.The Chapel,together withtheremainder ofthe Collegeof StGeorge,is governedbytheDean andCanons ofWindsor,who,with theirofficersand staff,are independentofthe Royal Household.Various departmentsofthe Royal Householdare basedat WindsorCastle.The ancientRound Towerhouses theRoyalArchives andthe Royal Photograph Collection.The PrintRoom Libraryhouses valuabledrawings,printsand booksin the Royal Collection.These areshown ina programmeofchanging exhibitionsin theCastle*sDrawings Gallery.WindsorCastleis alsoa busyvisitor attraction.Many partsoftheCastle areopentothe public,including the StateDepartments,Queen Marysfamous dolfshouse,St GeorgefsChapel,andtheAlbert MemorialChapel.When the（景象）Queen isin official residence,the changing ofthe Guard providesa colourfulspectacle in the quadrangle.

66.According tothe passage,the RoyalAscot horseracing meetingtakes place.A.in MarchB.inJuneC.at ChristmasD.onweekends

67.When apresident visitsBritain,theQueenis to give amilitary guardof honourin.A.the UpperWard B.theGeorge IV GatewayC.St.Georges HallD.theStateApartments

68.According tothe passage,where aretheRoyalArchives storedA.In thePrinting Room.B.intheRoyal Library.C.In theRound Tower.D.In theCastles DrawingsGallery.

69.When youvisit WindsorCastle overEaster,you will probably.A.appreciate theRoyalPhotograph CollectionB.watch amilitary guardof honourC.watch the changingoftheGuardD.meet foreignpresidentsUsing toomuch wateror throwingrubbish intoour riversare clearways thathumans canput our water supply in（铺）danger,but wealso affectour watersupply inless obviousways.You maywonder howpaving aroad canleadto lessusable fresh water.A majorpartofthe waterwe useevery dayis groundwater.Groundwater doesnot comefromlakes orrivers.It comes from underground.The moreroads andparking lotswe pave,the lesswater canflowinto theground to become groundwater.Human activityisnotresponsible forall water shortages.Areas withdrier climatesare ofcourse morelikely tohave（干旱）droughts thanareas withmore rainfall,butinany case,good managementcan helpto makesure there isenough waterto meetour basicneeds.Thinking about the waywe usewater everyday canmakeabig difference,too.In theUnitedStates,a familyof fourcanuse

1.5tons of water a day!This showshow muchwe dependon waterto live,but theresa lotwe cando tolowerthe number.You cantake stepsto savewater in your home.To startwith,usethesame glassfor your drinking waterall day.（和上漏）Wash itonly onceaday.Run yourdishwasher onlywhen it is full.Help yourparents fixany leaksin yourhome.You caneven helptokeepour watersupply cleanby recyclingbatteries insteadof throwingthem away.

70.Which ofthe followingis mostlikely toleadtoless groundwaterA.Paving parking lots.B.Thro wingbatteries away.C.Using riverwater.D.Throwing rubbishinto lakes.

71.Which ofthe followingwould theauthor agreeabout savingwaterA.Use differentglasses for yourdrinking water.B.Run yourdishwasher wheneveryou like.C.Have any leaks fixedforyourparents.D.Throw awayused batteriesif possible.

72.What*sthe passage mainly aboutA.Why pavingroads reducesour water.B.How muchwe dependon waterto live.C.Why droughtsoccur morein dryclimates.D.How humanactivity affectsourwatersupplyinless obviousways.（时代）How coolcan librariesbe inan eraof iPodsand KindlesMore thanyou think.Only ifyou knowwhereto go.Central Library:Seattle,Washington,United StatesTheCentral Libraryin Seattleis modemand fashionableand hastourists fromaroundthe world payingvisits andtakingtours.It wasdesigned byDutch architectRem Koolhaasand Americandesigner JoshuaRamus.Tours beganin2006,two yearsafter itsopening.The libraryholds variousart exhibitions,book signingsand otherevents,whilevisitors canstop bythe Chocolatecart fora coffeeand scanthrough thegift shopanytime.Trinity College Library:Dublin,IrelandThe Trinity College Libraryin Dublinisthe oldest library in Ireland,founded in1592by Queen Elizabeth I.It isthe largest single library intheworld,also known astheLong Room,which containsmore than200,000ofthe（竖琴）library*soldestbooks.The LongRoom housesone ofthe oldestharps in Ireland.Dating backtothe15thcentury,theoldharp isthe modelfor thesymbol ofIreland.Geisei Library,University ofCalifornia:San Diego,United StatesAtfirst glance,it lookslike aspaceship.Architect WilliamPereira,who helpeddesign actualspace launchfacilitiesat CapeCanaveral inHouston,Texas,designed thelibraryin

1970.It hasbeen featuredin sci-fi films,short storiesand novels.The libraryhosts DinnerintheLibrary,which invitesreaders forcocktails,and alsoaspecial speech from distinguished authors.TU DelftLibrary:Delft,NetherlandsThe libraryat theDelft Universityof Technologywas constructedin1997and hasmore than862,000books,16,000magazine subscriptionsand itsown museum.The buildingitself existsbeneath theground,so you cantreally see the actuallibrary.What makesit interestingistheroof,which isa grassyhill.The roofcovers5,500square meters.And it hasbecomeone ofthe moststriking andgreenest structuresinthearea.

73.Which ofthe fourlibraries hasthelongesthistoryA.Central Library.B.Trinity collegeLibrary.C.Geisel Library.D.TU DelftLibrary.

74.Which libraryis underthe groundA.Central Library.B.Trinity CollegeLibrary.C.Geisel Library.D.TU DelftLibrary

75.What makesGeisei Librarydifferent from the othersis that.A.famous writersoften deliverspeeches thereB.it hasa roofof grassyhillC.QueenElizabeth I foundedthe libraryD.itisthe largestsinglelibraryintheworld

76.In CentralLibrary,you can.A.buy souvenirsB.drink cocktailsC.enjoy sci-fi filmsD.see theold harpSanFrancisco hasits cablecars.Seattle hasits SpaceNeedle.And,Longview hasits squirrelbridge.The bridge,which hasattracted internationalattention,is nowa locallandmark.The NuttyNarrows Bridgewas builtin1963bya local builder,Amos Peters,togivesquirrels away tocross thebusyroad withoutgetting flattenedby passingcars.The originalbridge was built overOlympia Wayonthewest edgeofthelibrary grounds.Before thebridge wasbuilt,squirrels had toavoidtraffic toand from the Park Plaza officebuilding whereoffice staffput outa nuttyfeastfor the squirrels.Many times,Peters and others whoworked inand nearParkPlazawitnessed squirrelsbeing runover.One dayPeters founda deadsquirrel with a nutstill inits mouth,and thatdays coffee break discussionturnedinto squirrelsafety.The groupof businessmencooked up thesquirrelbridge ideaand formed a committeeto asktheblessing ofthe CityCouncil.The Councilapproved,and CouncilwomanBess LaRivierenamed thebridge nNuttyNarrows**.After architectsdesigned thebridge,Amos Petersand Bill Hutch startedconstruction.They builtthe60-footbridge fromaluminum andlengths offire hose.It cost$

1000.It didnttake longbefore reportsof squirrelsusing thebridge started.Squirrels wereeven seenguiding theiryoungand teachingthem theropes.The storywas pickedup bythe media,and NuttyNarrows becameknown innewspapersall over theworld.（横梁）In1988,after20years ofuse,Peters tookdowntheworn-out bridge.Repairs were made andcrosspieceswere replaced.The fadedsign wasrepainted andin July1983,hundreds ofanimal loversattended thecompletionceremony ofthe newbridge.Peters diedin1984,andaten-foot woodensquirrel sculpturewas placednear thebridgeinmemory of its builderandhis devotiontotheproject.

77.The NuttyNarrows Bridgewasbuiltin orderto.A.offer squirrelsa placeto eatnutsB.set upalocallandmarkC.help improvetrafficD.protect squirrels

78.What happenedover thecoffeebreakdiscussionA.The committeegot theCouncils blessing.B.The squirrelbridge ideawas born.C.A councilwomannamed thebridge.D.A squirrelwas founddead.

79.What doesthe underlinedphrase teachingthem theropes”probably meaninthe textA.Passing thema rope.B.Directing themto storefood forwinter.C.Teaching thema lesson.D.Showing themhowto usethebridge.

80.Which ofthe followingis trueofthesquirrel bridgeA.It wasreplaced bya longerone.B.It wasbuilt fromwood andmetal.C.It wasrebuilt afteryears ofuse.D.It wasdesigned byBillHutch.答案第一部分1•・B【解析】正确答案是此题是推理判断题文章介绍了夏威夷岛的别名、大小、人口、温度、海滩、资Bo源、购物等信息，由此可判断文章主要是写给游客的2・.A【解析】正确答案是此题是细节理解题文中提到了以及A AirportsRental carsIn addition,Hilo,Konaand themajorresortareas areservicedbytaxis.n,所以正确答案是A3・.D【解析】正确答案是根据可知Do“Lodging:9,655rooms intotal;nightly ratesrange from$35to$5,

000.”D项正确

4..C【解析】正确答案是此题是词义猜测题根据常识我们可以推断出，当桥上人太多的时候，桥有可C能弯曲变形5・.C【解析】正确答案是此题是推理判断题根据最后一段的Co“in1987theGoldenGate provedan auspicious吉利的可知,在年人place forasunrisepartywhencrowdsgatheredtocelebrateitsfiftiethanniversary.“1987们庆祝金门大桥建成周年，据此推断金门大桥是在年建成的5019376・.D【解析】正确答案是此题是推理判断题根据最后一段中的D“Some quarterofamillion peopleturned up可知，当时大约由万人上了桥，这个数字占城市人口的三分之一，athirdofthe citysentirepopulation”25故可计算处当时旧金山的人口是万左右757・.B【解析】正确答案是此题是细节理解题根据第三段的B“but thehaFhour walkacross itreally givesyou timetotakeinitsenormoussizeandabsorbtheviewsofthecitybehind youandtheheadlands ofNorthernCalifornia可知straight ahead.“8・.F【解析】这是一篇说明文世界银行的一份新报告显示，到年，气候变化的影响可能会迫使亿人迁居国2050L4内同时，这份报告也指出了通过适当的努力，气候移民的数量可能会大幅减少城市；必须花时间为可能出现的人口洪流做准备；有助于防止大规模气候移民的关键行动报告还指出，任何气候移民的增加，都是在国内数百万其他移民因经济、社会、政治或其他原因而迁移的情况下发生的根据第二段The report,该报告考察了looked atthree developingregions oftheworld-sub-Saharan Africa,South Asiaand LatinAmerica世界上三个发展中地区——撒哈拉以南非洲、南亚和拉丁美洲可知选项中指的是F the regions three这些地区故选项developingregionsoftheworld-sub-Saharan Africa,South Asiaand LatinAmerica F9・.B【解析】根据第三段气候移民是被迫迁移到国Climate migrantsare peoplewho areforced tomove withintheir country内的人；以及第四段It isimportant tohelp peoplemake gooddecisions aboutwhether tostay wheretheyareor重要的是帮助人们做出正确的决定，是留在原地，还是move tonew locationswheretheyare lessvulnerable.搬到他们不那么容易受到伤害的新地方可知此处需要选择与气候移民有关的选项，且选项中B with与意思相近故选项proper effortshelp peoplemake gooddecisions B

10.D【解析】根据The reportnoted thatthe effectsof climatechange willoften forcepeopletomove from rural areassuffering报告提出了有助于防止大规模气from droughtsor cropfailures tocities wherethere aredifferent opportunities.候移民的关键行动减少全球温室气体排放；改进地方一级的气候移徙发展规划；投资数据,更好地了解每个国家的气候移民趋势再根据句式…可知选项中代词指的是故选项noted thatD itThe reportoDlb.A【解析】根据Without theright planningand support,people migratingfromruralareas intocities could be facingnew and如果没有正确的规划和支持，从even moredangerous risks/said KantaJumari Rigaud,the reportsteam lead.“农村地区迁移到城市的人可能会面临新的、甚至更危险的风险，”该报告的团队负责人坎塔•朱马里•里高德表示可知此处需要选择他补充说的话，而且话题会与相关，选new andevenmoredangerous risksA项中也是风险故选项tensions andconflict A

12.C【解析】正确答案是C此题是推理判断题根据句子“Rajat Sodhi,director ofOrproject India,spent ayear anda halfdeveloping theidea可知，可以从北京的设计队获得研究数据withthefirms Beijingteam.”Orproject13・.A【解析】正确答案是A此题是推理判断题根据可知，他对于“though hesays thatisn*this goal and thathe doesnt agree with them”人们的反映，他不同意，因此可以推测他对于人们的反映是不满意的

14.A【解析】正确答案是A此题是主旨大意题现在的环境污染，导致很多人无法呼吸到新鲜的空气，因而有人创造出了有新鲜空气的穹顶结合首段的（穹顶）可知答案“domes filled with clean air.”15*.D

16..A17*.C18・.B19*.A

20.A

21.D22・.E

23..A24・.D

25..B

26..F27・.A

28..D

29..C

30.B31*.C32・.E

33..D34・.C35・.B36・.C39・.C【解析】正确答案是C此题是细节理解题根据第二段中“People digraw ironfrom theground,but raw ironisnot enoughtousein（合金）.可知合金可能比合金中独立的金属buildings.Builders mustuse anothertype ofiron calledan alloy更有用40•.B【解析】正确答案是B此题是细节理解题根据倒数第二段中“With thisprocess,workers beganto makelargeamountsofsteelquickly可知答案and cheaply.”

41.D【解析】正确答案是D此题是推理判断题根据倒数第三段中“Cast ironis strong,but itstill containsunwanted materials.People铸铁很坚固，但它仍然含有不需要的材料人们想要去除这些杂质和wantedtoremovetheseimpurities倒数第二段中可知可能知道In Englandin1855,Sir HenryBessemer foundthe solution.Sir HenryBessemer如何铸铁42・.A【解析】正确答案是A此题是推理判断题历史上人们为了建筑高大的建筑，建筑墙所用的材料不断演变，由最初的木头、石头和砖块到后来的铁，使用的材料越来越结实，最终又通过不断地改进把铁炼制成钢铁，随着城市的扩展，城市的土地越来越紧缺，需要高楼，因此钢梁被用来建筑摩天大楼由此推断在整个历史上,人们设计建筑时会仔细考虑材料43・.A【解析】正确答案是A此题是主旨大意题文章以建筑墙的材料的不断演变引出钢铁，并介绍如何炼制钢铁，在最后一段说明钢梁在高楼建筑中的运用；可见文章围绕钢铁的发现和在高楼建筑中的使用来写，故答案选择A44・.C【解析】正确答案是C此题是细节理解题根据第一段中“Thesebuildingshaveonethingincommon.They werebuilt withstonewalls可知这些建筑的共同点是它们是用石头墙建成的故选supportingmostoftheweight”C45・.A【解析】正确答案是A此题是细节理解题根据第二段中（无“Concrete isone ofthe mostcommon materials,because itsso versatile所不能的”可知，混凝土是一种最常见的材料，因为它是如此无所不能故选A46・.A【解析】正确答案是A此题是细节理解题根据第三段中可Because thesteel structurenow supportsthemainloadsofthebuilding^^知，钢结构现在支撑着建筑物的主要荷载，由此可知项是错误的A47・.C【解析】正确答案是C此题是推理判断题根据第

二、三段中“Concrete isone ofthemostcommonmaterials,because it*ssoversatile（无所不能的）.和可知作者向我们介绍两种新型的建筑材料“Another veryimportant materialis glass.”故选C48・.E

49..D50*.B51*.F

52..A53・.E54・.B

1.

1.D56・.F

1.

2.C【解析】right planningand support,people migratingfromruralareas intocities could be facingnew andeven moredangerousrisks,said KantaJumari Rigaud,the reportsteam lead.n11Rigaud added.The reportrecommends keyactions tohelp preventwide-scale climate migration:cutting globalgreenhouse gasemissions;improving developmentplanning atthe locallevel forclimate migration;and investingin datato betterunderstandclimatemigrationtrends in each country.The reportnotes thatany risein climatemigration willbe inadditionto millions of othermigrants withincountries,moving foreconomic,social,political orother reasons.

8.A.We wouldsee increasedtensions andconflict asa resultof pressureon scarceresources.B.The reportshows thatwith properefforts thenumber ofclimate migrantscould bereduced dramatically,from140million to40million by

2050.C.Some measuresthat couldhelp helplesspeople adaptto climatechange wereontheagenda.D.However,it notedthat citiesmust takethe timeto planfor thepossibility fora floodof people.E.Countries that are becomingmore restrictiveon migrationare those who are largely responsiblefor globalwarming.F.It foundthat unlessurgent actionis taken,the regionswill likelyhave todeal withtens ofmillions ofso-calledclimate migrants.

9.A.We wouldsee increasedtensions andconflict asa resultof pressureon scarceresources.B.The reportshows thatwith properefforts thenumber ofclimate migrantscould bereduced dramatically,from140million to40million by

2050.C.Some measuresthat couldhelp helplesspeople adaptto climatechange wereontheagenda.D.However,it notedthat citiesmust takethe timeto planfor thepossibility fora floodof people.E.Countries thatare becomingmore restrictiveon migrationare thosewho arelargely responsiblefor globalwarming.F.It foundthat unlessurgent actionis taken,the regionswill likelyhave todeal withtens ofmillions ofso-calledclimate migrants.

10.A.We wouldsee increasedtensions andconflict asa resultof pressureon scarceresources.B.The reportshows thatwith properefforts thenumber ofclimate migrantscould bereduced dramatically,from140million to40million by

2050.C.Some measuresthat couldhelp helplesspeople adaptto climatechange wereontheagenda.D.However,it notedthat citiesmust takethe timeto planforthepossibility fora floodof people.E.Countries thatare becomingmore restrictiveon migrationare thosewho arelargely responsiblefor globalwarming.F.It foundthat unlessurgent actionis taken,the regionswill likelyhave todeal withtens ofmillions ofso-calledclimate migrants.

11.A.We wouldsee increasedtensions andconflict asa resultof pressureon scarceresources.B.The reportshows thatwith properefforts thenumberofclimate migrantscouldbereduced dramatically,from140million to40million by

2050.正确答案是c此题是细节理解题根据第二段中“People digraw ironfrom theground,but rawironisnotenoughtousein（合金）可知合金可能比合金中独立的金属更buildings.Builders mustuse anothertype ofiron calledan alloy有用58・.B【解析】正确答案是B此题是细节理解题根据倒数第二段中汕“W thisprocess,workers begantomakelargeamountsofsteel可知答案quicklyandcheaply.”59・.D【解析】正确答案是D此题是推理判断题根据倒数第三段中“Cast ironis strong,but itstill containsunwanted materials.People和倒数第二段中wantedtoremovetheseimpurities.”In Englandin1855,Sir HenryBessemer foundthe可矢口可能矢口道如何铸铁solution.”Sir HenryBessemer60*.A【解析】正确答案是A此题是推理判断题根据第一段中“Befdre1840architects andbuilders madebuildings fromstone,brick,orwood.The outsidewalls helduptheweightofthebuilding.A buildingthat hadmore thana fewstories became和第二段中very heavy.A tallbuilding,suchasa castle,had verythick walls.”“People digrawironfromthe（合ground,but rawironisnotenoughtouseinbuildings.Builders mustuse anothertype ofiron calledan alloy金”可知建筑师在设计建筑时对材料思考得很仔细61*.A【解析】正确答案是A此题是主旨大意题文中介绍了在历史上为了建筑高大的建筑，建筑墙所用的材料不断演变，由最初的木头、石头和砖块到后来的铁，使用的材料越来越结实最终又通过不断地改进把铁炼制成钢铁；随着城市的扩展，城市的土地越来越紧缺，需要高楼，因此钢梁被用来建筑摩天大楼

62..C【解析】正确答案是C此题是推理判断题根据第一段中的“Many ofthese childrenlive inunderdevelopedcountriesinLatin可以推出答案America,Africa,and Asia.”63・.D【解析】正确答案是Do此题是细节理解题根据第一段中的The poorincome theybring in,however,is necessaryforthesurvival of可以推知答案theirfamilies.”64・.A【解析】正确答案是A此题是细节理解题根据文章最后一段中的“The organizationhas introducedseveral child-labor conventions（规定）（最低）among itsmembers,including aminimum ageof16years foradmission toall work,a higher（强制的）minimum ageof specifictypes ofemployment,compulsory medicalexaminations,and Itdepends on（月艮从）可以推矢口答案voluntary obedienceof membernations.65・.B【解析】正确答案是B此题是推理判断题根据第二段中的In India,for example,some20,000childrenwork16-hour daysinmatch（例如,在印度,约有名儿童在比赛工厂工作小时）可以知道童工在印度的工作状况非factories.20,00016常恶劣，故正确答案是B

66..B【解析】正确答案是此题是细节理解题根据第二段的B“The Queenis alsoin residenceforaweek inJune,口」知when sheattends theservice ofthe OrderoftheGarter andtheRoyalAscot horseracing meeting.“67*.A【解析】正确答案是此题是细节理解题根据第三段的A“Foreign Headsof Stateenter theCastle inhorse-drawn carriagesthrough theGeorgeIVGateway intothe quadrangleintheUpperWard,where amilitary可知guardofhonourisdrawnup.“68・.C【解析】正确答案是此题是细节理解题根据倒数第三段的C“The ancientRound Towerhouses theRoyal知Archives andtheRoyalPhotographCollection.nJ69・.C【解析】止确答案是此题是细节理解题根据第二段的C“Every yeartheQueentakes upofficialresidence（）和末段in WindsorCastle foramonthoverEasterMarch-April,knownasEaster Court.”When the（景象）Queenisin officialresidence,thechangingoftheGuard providesa colourfulspectacle inthequadrangle.”可知70*.A【解析】正确答案是A此题是细节理解题根据第一段中的“The moreroads andparkinglotswe pave,the lesswater canflow intothe可知答案是ground tobecome groundwater.A

71..C【解析】正确答案是C此题是细节理解题根据最后一段中的（泄漏）可知答案是“Help yourparents fixanyleaksinyourhome.”Co72・.D【解析】正确答案是D此题是主旨大意题通读文章可知，本文主要讲的是人类行为对水供应的隐性影响，所以答案是D73・.B【解析】这是一篇应用文文章向读者推荐了在拥有和的时代，几家很酷的图书馆iPod Kindle细节理解题由第三段中的The TrinityCollegeLibraryin Dublinistheoldest libraryinIreland,founded in

1592.（都柏林的三一学院图书馆是爱尔兰历史最悠久的图书馆，由伊丽莎白女王一世于by QueenElizabethI年创建）可知，是四个图书馆中历史最悠久的图书馆故选项1592TrinityCollegeLibrary B

74.D【解析】细节理解题由最后一段中的The buildingitself existsbeneath theground,so youcan*treallyseethe actuallibrary（.建筑本身就在地下，所以你看不到真正的图书馆）可知，TU DelftLibrary在地下故选D项75・.A【解析】细节理解题比较四个图书馆的特点和倒数第二段中的The libraryhosts DinnerintheLibrary,which invites（图书馆举办“图书馆晚餐”活动，readers forcocktails,and alsoa specialspeechfromdistinguishedauthors.邀请读者喝鸡尾酒，并由著名作家发表特别演讲）可知，与其它图书馆最大的区别就是著Geisei Library名作家经常在那里发表演讲故选项A76・.A【解析】细节理解题由第二段中的The libraryholds variousart exhibitions,book signingsandotherevents,while（图书馆举办各种艺visitors canstop bythe Chocolatecart fora coffeeand scanthrough thegiftshopanytime.术展览、图书签售和其他活动，游客可以在巧克力车旁停下来喝杯咖啡，随时浏览礼品店）可知，在Central你可以买到纪念品故选项Library,A77・.D

78.B79*.D

80.CC.Some measuresthat couldhelp helplesspeople adapttoclimatechange wereontheagenda.D.However,it notedthat citiesmust takethe timeto planforthepossibility fora floodof people.E.Countries thatare becomingmore restrictiveon migrationare thosewhoarelargely responsiblefor globalwarming.F.It foundthat unlessurgent actionis taken,theregionswill likelyhavetodeal withtens ofmillionsofso-calledclimate migrants.阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的选项中，选择最佳选项（烟雾）On mostdays,a thickblanket ofpoisonous smoghangs overBeijing.But oneday,Chinas capitalcouldbe（穹顶）dotted withdomes filled with clean air.Orproject,a London-based architectureand designfirm,has devisedthe Bubblesproject,a designthat envisionsmassive,balloon-like structuresfilled withclean air.The plantsin themwould produceclean airfor thoselivinginside thebuildings onthe edgeofthe bubbles,while alsoproviding asmog-free spacefor residentsto spendtime intheman-made outdoors.Raj atSodhi,director ofOrproject India,spent ayear anda halfdeveloping theidea withthefirms Beijingteam.（耐久的）The skinoftherootftop bubbleswould becreated fromETFE,an extremelydurable,lightweight material（腐烂）that willnot rotover time.Each bubblewould befilledwithgas,allowing itto float.The entirestructurewould beshaped andfixed withsteel supports.The projecthas receivedmixed reactionssince itwasfirstreleased inJanuary.Some aresupportive.But criticsargueabouttheidea.Some peoplesay theplan issimply unrealisticand,at best,would leadto twoclasses ofcitizensin pollutedareas.Most probablyonly awealthy fewwould gainaccess tothebubble,leaving theunluckymajority trappedin smog.Raj atSodhi believesthe reactioncomesfromthosewhowant tosolve environmentalproblems,though hesays thatisnthisgoalandthathedoesntagreewiththem.Hes anarchitect whocreates livingspaces,he thinks.The Bubblesprojectcould workinavariety ofareas wherepeople areprevented fromenjoying green,open spacesfor muchofthe year.The firmsdesigners saythat projectis suitablefor hotor coldclimates.Mr Sodhisays,There werebasically no（再生）green areasin cities,so the air qualitydrops becausethere isno naturalregeneration oftheair.”

12.Whatcan welearn fromthe secondparagraphA.Orproject isa projecton howto produceclean air.B.Orproject mainlyfills thepark withcleanair.C.Orproject canget datafromthedesign teamin Beijing.D.Orproject willuse plasticstomake domes.

13.What isRaj atSodhi*s opinionon peoplesreactionA.Unsatisfied.B.ThankfuLC.Angry.D.DoubtfuL

14.What isthetextmainlyaboutA.The designof domesfilledwithcleanair.B.How Orprojectcomes upwith anew idea.C.Any newidea maycause strongdisagreement.D.Why Orprojecttries tomakedomes.Each daywater-related diseaseskill3,900ofthe worlds children.Across theworld,

1.1billion people have no access to clean drinkingwater.More than

2.6billion peoplelack卫生条件.basic sanitationThecombination provesdeadly.Each year,diseases relatedto inadequatewater andsanitation killbetween2and5million peopleand causean estimated80percent ofall sicknessesinthedeveloping world.Safe drinkingwater isaprecondition forhealth andthe fight against childdeath rate,inequality betweenmen andwomen,and poverty.Consider thesefacts:•The averagedistance thatwomen in Africa andAsia walkto collectwater is6kilometers.•Only58percent ofchildren insub-Saharan Africaare drinkingsafe water,and only37percent ofchildren inSouthAsia haveaccess toevenabasic toilet.•Each yearin Indiaalone,73million workingdays arelost towater-borne diseases.Here arethree waysyoucanhelp:1Write CongressCurrentUS foreignaid fordrinkingwaterandsanitationbudgets onlyone dollarper yearper Americancitizen.Few membersof Congresshave everreceived aletter fromvoters aboutclean drinkingwater abroad.2Sponsor aprojectwithafaith-based organizationManyUS religiousgroups alreadysponsor waterandsanitationprojects,working withpartner organizationsabroad.Simply put,a singleproject bya USorganization canmake safewaterareality for thousands ofpeople.3Support nonprofitwater organizationsNumerousUS-based nonprofitswork skillfullyabroad incommunity-led projectsrelatedtodrinkingwaterandsanitation.Like thesample ofnon-profits notedas follows,some organizationsarelarge,others small-scale;someoperate worldwide,others aredevoted tocertain areasinAfrica,Asia orLatinAmerica.Support themgenerously.

15.The threefacts presentedinthepassage areused toillustrate that.A.poverty canresult inwater-borne diseasesB.peoplehavenoaccesstocleandrinking waterC.womens rightsare deniedin somedeveloping countriesD.safe drinkingwater shouldbeaprimary concern

16.The intendedreaders ofthepassageare.A.Americans B.overseas sponsorsC.Congressmen D.US-based water organizations

17.The mainpuipose ofthepassageis tocall onpeopleto.A.get ridof water-related diseasesin developingcountriesB.donated moneytopeopleshort ofwater throughreligious groupsC.fightagainstthe worldwidewatershortageandsanitationproblemD.take jointaction insupport ofsome nonprofitwater organizations

18.What informationwillprobablybe providedfollowing thelast paragraphA.A variety of companiesand theirworldwide operation.B.A listof nonprofitwaterorganizationstomakecontact with.C.Some waystogetfinancial aidsfrom USCongress.D.A fewwater resourcesexploited bysome world-famous organizations.Welcome tooneofthelargestcollections of footwear intheworldthat willmake yougreen withenvy.Here attheFootwear Museumyoucansee exhibitsfrom allover theworld.You canfind outabout shoesworn byeveryonefrom theAncient Egyptiansto popstars.Room1The celebrityfootwear sectionis probablythemostpopular inthe entiremuseum.Started inthe1950s there is awidevarietyofshoes and boots belongingto everyonefrom queensand presidentsto popstars andactors!Mostvisitors findthe celebrities1choice offootwear extremelyinteresting.Room2Most ofour visitorsare amazed—and shocked—bythecollection ofspecial purposeshoes onexhibition hereatthe Museumof Footwear.For example,there areChinese shoesmadeofsilk thatwere wornby womento tietheirfeet firmlyto preventthem fromgrowing toomuch!Room3As wellas shoesandboots,the museumalso exhibitsshoe-shaped objects.The varietyis unbelievable.Forexample,thereisametallamp thatresembles apair ofshoes,and Greekwine bottlesthat likelegs!The FootwearLibraryPeople comefrom allovertheworldtostudy inour excellentfootwear library.Designers andresearchers comehereto lookup informationon anythingand everythingrelatedtothe subjectoffootwear.

19.Where wouldyou finda famoussingers shoesA.Room

1.B.Room

2.C.Room

3.D.The FootwearLibrary.

20.All exhibits ineachroom.A.share thesame themeB.have thesame shapeC.are madeofthesame materialD.belong tothesamesocial class

21.Which ofthe followingis trueaccordingtothe textA.The oldestexhibitsinRoom1weremadeinthe1950s.B.Room2isthemost visitedplaceinthe museum.C.Room3hasaricher varietyof exhibitsthantheother two.D.Researchers cometotheFootwear libraryfor data.Water-the Issueof thisCenturyThe worldis runningshort offreshwater.Populations aregrowing biggerand thirstier,withtheresult thatfreshwater isbecoming increasinglyscarce.Half the worlds wetlandshave disappearedduring thelast century,whileestimates suggestthat wateruse willrise by50%inthenext30years.The WorldBank reportestimates thatasmuchas halfoftheworlds population,concentrated inAfrica,theMiddle Eastand southAsia,will faceHsevere water shortages*by

2025.22A similarpicture emergesfromtheglobes saltwater regions.Three-quarters oftheworldspeople maylivewithin100km ofthe seain2025,putting evenmore pressureon stretchedcoastal ecosystems.Two thirdsoffisheries areexploited ator beyondtheir sustainablelimits,and halftheworldscoral reefsmay perishin100years.23The reportconcludes thatthereisample evidenceto justifyimmediate andcoordinated actionto safeguardsuppliesand usewater moreefficiently.Fresh waterconsumption isrising quickly,andtheavailability ofwater insome regionsis likelytobecomeoneof themost pressingissues ofthe21stcentury.（制度）24That proportioncould rise to halfor moreinthenext30years unlessinstitutions changetoensure betterconservation andallocation ofwater.（征兆）China isone countrywheretheportents aregloomy.The mostwater-stressed countryin EastAsia,Chinais exploiting44%ofitsusable water,a figureprojected toriseto60%by

2020.25AlthoughChinas totaluse appearsstill tobe reasonable,ithasseveral basinsthatareseverely stressedenvironmentally.

22.A.Almost60%of coralreefs and34%of fishspecies areat riskfrom humanactivities,the Banksays.B.Primary withdrawalofwater of more than60%is widelyconsidered bywater expertsto exceedtheenvironmental carryingcapacity ofa riverbasin system.C.Withdrawals exceedenvironmental limitsin Afghanistanand Pakistan,and willexceed thosein Indiaby

2020.D.A thirdoftheworlds population-around twobillion people-live incountries thatare experiencingmoderate tohighwater shortages.E.Local waterconflicts andthe lossof freshwaterecosystems appearlarge insome regions.（蓄水层）,F.The resthave exceededenvironmental limitsand manyare miningaquifers thereport says.

23.A.Almost60%of coralreefs and34%of fishspecies areat riskfrom humanactivities,the Banksays.B.Primary withdrawalofwaterof morethan60%is widelyconsidered bywater expertsto exceedtheenvironmental carryingcapacity ofa riverbasin system.C.Withdrawals exceedenvironmental limitsin Afghanistanand Pakistan,and willexceed thosein Indiaby

2020.D.A thirdoftheworlds population-around twobillion people-live incountries thatare experiencingmoderate tohighwater shortages.E.Local waterconflicts andthe lossof freshwaterecosystems appearlarge insome regions.（蓄水层）,F.The resthave exceededenvironmental limitsand manyare miningaquifers thereport says.

24.A.Almost60%of coralreefs and34%of fishspecies areat riskfrom humanactivities,the Banksays.B.Primarywithdrawal ofwaterof morethan60%is widelyconsidered bywater expertsto exceedthe environmentalcarryingcapacity ofa riverbasin system.C.Withdrawals exceedenvironmental limitsin Afghanistanand Pakistan,and willexceed thosein Indiaby

2020.D.A thirdoftheworlds population-around twobillion people-live incountries thatare experiencingmoderate tohighwater shortages.E.Local waterconflicts andthe lossof freshwaterecosystems appearlarge insome regions.（蓄水层），F.The resthave exceededenvironmental limitsand manyare miningaquifers thereport says.

25.A.Almost60%of coralreefs and34%of fishspecies areat riskfrom humanactivities,the Banksays.B.Primary withdrawalofwaterofmorethan60%iswidelyconsidered bywater expertsto exceedtheenvironmental carryingcapacity ofa riverbasin system.C.Withdrawals exceedenvironmental limitsin Afghanistanand Pakistan,and willexceed thosein Indiaby

2020.D.A thirdoftheworlds population—around twobillion people—live incountries thatare experiencingmoderateto highwatershortages.E.Local waterconflicts andthe lossof freshwaterecosystems appearlarge insome regions.（蓄水层）,F.The resthave exceededenvironmental limitsand manyare miningaquifers thereport says.The BuildingofthePyramidsThe oldeststone buildingsintheworld arethe pyramids.26Thereareover eightyof themscatteredalong thebanks ofthe Nile,some ofwhich aredifferent inshape fromthe truepyramids.The mostfamousof thesearetheStep pyramidand Bentpyramid.Some ofthe pyramidsstill lookmuch thesame asthey musthave beendone whenthey werebuilt thousandsofyears ago.Most ofthe damagesuffered bythe othershasbeenatthehands ofmen whowere lookingfor treasureor,more often,for stonetousein modernbuildings.27These aregood reasonswhy theycanstill beseen today,but perhapsthemostimportant oneis that they wereplanned tolast forever.It ispracticallycertain thatplans weremade forthebuildingofthe pyramids becausethe plansof otherlarge workshavefortunately beenpreserved.However,there areno writingsor picturestoshowus howthe Egyptiansplanned orbuiltthe pyramidsthemselves.28Nevertheless,by examiningtheactualpyramids andvarious toolswhich havebeenfound,archaeologists haveformedafairly clearpicture ofthem.One thingis certain:there musthavebeenmonths ofcareful planningbefore theycould begintobuild.29You maythink thiswould havebeen easywith milesand milesof emptydesert around,but apyramidcould notbe builtjust anywhere.Certain ruleshad tobe followed,and certainproblems had to beovercome.

26.A.The dryclimate ofEgypt hashelped topreserve the pyramids,and theirvery shapehave madethem lesslikelyto fallinto ruin.B.Constructing apyramid isa majorcivil engineeringproject.C.The firstthing theyhad todo wasto choosea suitableplace.D.Consequently,we areonly ableto guessatthemethods used.E.Many peoplewere killedwhile buildingthe pyramids.F.They havestood fornearly5,000years,and itseems likelythat theywill continueto standfor thousandsof yearsyet.

27.A.The dryclimate ofEgypt hashelped topreserve the pyramids,and theirvery shapehave madethem lesslikelyto fallinto ruin.B.Constructing apyramid isa majorcivil engineeringproject.C.The firstthing theyhad todo wasto choosea suitableplace.D.Consequently,we areonly ableto guessatthemethods used.E.Many peoplewere killedwhile buildingthepyramids.F.They havestood fornearly5,000years,and itseems likelythat theywill continueto standfor thousandsof yearsyet.

28.A.The dryclimate ofEgypt hashelped topreserve thepyramids,andtheirvery shapehave madethem lesslikelyto fallinto ruin.B.Constructing apyramid isa majorcivil engineeringproject.C.The firstthing theyhadtodo wasto choosea suitableplace.D.Consequently,we areonly ableto guessatthemethods used.E.Many peoplewere killedwhile buildingthepyramids.F.They havestood fornearly5,000years,and itseems likelythat theywill continueto standfor thousandsof yearsyet.

29.A.The dryclimate ofEgypt hashelped topreserve thepyramids,andtheirvery shapehave madethem lesslikelyto fallinto ruin.B.Constructing apyramid isa majorcivil engineeringproject.C.The firstthing theyhadtodo wasto choosea suitableplace.D.Consequently,we areonly ableto guessatthemethods used.E.Many peoplewere killedwhile buildingthepyramids.F.They havestood fornearly5,000years,and itseems likelythattheywill continueto standforthousandsof yearsyet.。