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阅读理解（精准复盘冲刺练十篇）D
（一）新能源汽车Norway justhit arecord inits moveto graduallystop usingcars thatrely onfossil fuels.More than9in10new cars sold therein Septemberwere eitherelectric orrechargeable hybrids,according to theNorwegian InformationCouncil forRoad Traffic,or OFV.Of all new passengercarssoldso farin2021,less than5%are（柴油）.gas-powered.A slightlysmaller percentageuse dieselThe salesnumbers pushNorway closerto meetingits（零排放的）national goalof transitioningto anentirely zero-emission fleetof newcars by2025——an initiativethe（激励）.government backswith taxincentivesSeveral factorsare drivingrecord numbersof Norwegiandrivers to choose electricityover gasor dieselpower,including newtechnology thathas easedcustomers anxietyabout electric vehicles range.But moneyis amain concern.Norway haslong encouragedpeople to adopt electricvehicles-and itdoes soby usinga carrotso largethat itsessentiallyalso astick.（免除）（）Electric carsare exemptfrom the25%value-added taxVAT,for instance.Theyre alsoexempt fromenvironmentalpollution taxesthat buyersof gas and dieselvehicles mustpay.“The purchasetax fbrallnewcars is「calculated bya combinationof weight,CO2and NOxemissions theNorwegian ElectricVehicle Associationsays.“Thetax isprogressive,making bigcars withhigh emissionsvery expensive.Other sweetenersinclude alot of auto-related feesthat are reducedor totallycanceled,from ferryrides toparking.And companiescan get a taxbreak foreach electricvehicle.Overall,Norway isseeing arapid increasein passengercars this year-more than35%higher than in
2020.Withelectric carsales booming,the futureof theVAT exemptionhas beenthe topsubject forpolitical debatethisyear,aslawmakers lookat howto bolstertax incomewhile alsosupporting themove awayfrom fossilfuels.
1.What is the mainreason forelectricvehiclesleading salesgrowthA.The VATexemption.B.No moreauto-related fees.C.Fossil fuelshortage.D.The developmentof technology.
2.How doesthe authorillustrate thecarrot andstick approach in the5th paragraphA.By analyzingcause andeffect.B.Bygiving statistics.推理判断题根据第三段中
3.Evidence suggeststhat thedegraded qualityof riverworsens theimpact ofour changingclimate.Atlantic salmonevolved usingriver systemsin Scotland that wereonce waymore forestedand thereforeshaded.Yet Scotlandis todayone of the leastwooded countriesin Europe,with just3percent ofits nativewoodland有undamaged.Scientists havefound that just35percent of rivers in Scotland haveenough treecover for salmon survival.证据表明，河流水质的恶化加剧了气候变化的影响“大西洋鲜鱼在苏格兰的河流系统中进化，那里曾经有更多的森林，因此有阴影“然而，如今苏格兰是欧洲森林覆盖率最低的国家之一，只有的原生林地未被破坏3%科学家们发现，苏格兰只有的河流有足够的树木覆盖，供鞋鱼生存户可推知，当鞋鱼返回苏格兰河流时，35%生态环境的变化对它们来说是一个挑战故选项C推理判断题根据最后一段
4.“Money isnot thepressing business.River healthis complex,but treeplanting isone of钱不是紧迫的问题河流的健康状况很复杂，the mostbasic thingswe canget startedwith rightawayjsays Cairns.“但植树是我们可以马上开始做的最基本的事情之一，”凯恩斯说广可推知，凯恩斯真正想告诉我们当务之急是种植河岸树木故选项A
（六）人与自然（排放）（涡Wind poweris apowerful toolfor reducingcarbon emissionsthat causeclimate change.The turbines轮机），however,can be a threatto birds,which iswhy expertsare looking for waysto limitthe danger.A companyin Boulder,Colorado hasproduced a camera-and-AI-based technologythat canrecognize eagles andother birds as theyapproach inenough timeto maketurbines pause in their flight path.Their tool,called IdentiFlight,candetect
5.62times morebird flightsthan humanobservers alone,and withan accuracyrate of94percent.Using high-（碰撞）precision visualsensors,the systemcalculates abirds speedand flighttrack,and ifit ison acollision pathwith aturbine,a signalis sentto shutthat turbinedown.Winning anaward forits performancein Australia,the trackingsystem wasbuilt in2018and wasfound tocut eagledeathsat theCattle HillWind Farmby morethan four-fifths.Each day,signals haveshut downtheir movementan averageof400times——across thefield of48turbines——for twoto threeminutes eachtime.Bird loverand director of theNational AudubonSocietys CleanEnergy Initiative,Garry George,admits,Our ownscienceshows thatclimate change is byfar thebiggest threatto birdsand theplaces wildlifeneeds tosurvive.IdentiFlightwill makeit possibleto fightthe worsteffects ofclimate changeand at the same time protect the birds we love in theprocess.”
1.What contributeto IdentiFlightdetecting birds*approachingA.Cameras andAL B.Human observers.C.Changes toturbines.D.Birds1flying habits.
2.What happensatawind farmwith IdentiFlightwhen abird is to knockinto aturbineA.The turbineis stoppedtemporarily.B.The turbinechanges thebird*s track.C.The turbinekills theapproaching bird.D.The turbineis out of workpermanently.
3.What isGarry Georgesattitude towardsIdentiFlightA.Ambiguous.B.Reserved.C.Approving.D.Unconcerned.
4.What is the suitable title for the textA.AI KeepsTrack ofBirdsB.Powerful ToolsSave NatureC.Climate ChangeLeads toBird DeathsD.AI HelpsWind TurbinesProtect Birds答案AACD［语篇解读］语篇类型:说明文主题语境:人与自然主旨应用于安装有风力发电涡轮设备的场所，IdentiFlight避免鸟类撞上转动的涡轮机细节理解题根据第二段中的
1.A“acamera-and-Al-based technologythat canrecognize eaglesand otherbirdsasthey可知，摄像机和人工智能的技术帮助监测approachinenough timeto pauseturbines in theirflightpath”IdentiFlight到鸟的接近细节理解题根据第二段中的和以及第三段的
2.A maketurbines pause”a signalis sentto shutthat turbinedown”可矢口，在——个安装了的Each day,signals haveshut downtheir movementan averageof400times”IdentiFlight风力发电场，如果鸟即将撞上涡轮机，涡轮机会暂时停止工作推理判断题根据最后一段中的
3.C IdentiFlightwill makeit possibleto fightthe worsteffects ofclimate changeand可知,对持有赞成的态度at the sametimeprotect thebirdswelovein the process.”Garry GeorgeIdentiFlight主旨要义题通读全文可知帮助风力发电涡轮机识别鸟的到来，从而暂时停止转动，减少了鸟
4.D,IdentiFlight的死亡
（七）社会与科技We areoften soattracted by the promisesof moderndigital lifethat wefail tonotice its danger.Its thatfeeling oflosing control that we geta dozen times a day,from whenwe getdistracted with our phones in a discussion to when wecantappreciate aprivate momentwithout sharingit withvirtual audience.In myfirst attemptto getcontrol overmy technologyuse,I setmy phoneto vibraterather thanring.Soon after,another problemappeared.The actof continuallychecking thephone becamea habit.I knewthen thatusing onlytips topermanentlyreform digital life isdifficult.We shouldgo pastthe notificationsettings onour devicesor appsand considerthemore essentialtopic ofwhy weuse somany appsin the first place.What allof uswho are struggling with thesechallenges needis atechnology usagephilosophy,something thatexplains from the groundup whichdigital toolswe allowinto our lives,why,and underwhat conditions.Cal Newport,a professor of computerscience definesDigital Minimalismas aphilosophyof technologyuse inwhichyou focusyour online time on a small number of carefully selected activities that strongly support the things you value,andthen happily miss out on everything else.To doso,however,we cannotpassively allowthe toolsand appsprovided bythe Internetage to control how we spendourtime orhow we feel.Instead,we musttake stepsto drawthe positiveaspects of these technologieswhile sidesteppingthe negative aspects.
1.What does“its danger“in the first paragraphrefer toA.Feeling depressed.B.Getting distractedin adiscussion.C.Losing controlof yourdigital life.D.Giving upprivate moments.
2.Why doesthe authormention hisown experiencesA.To bringin abetter solution.B.To explain a phenomenon.C.To make a comparison.D.To clarifymisunderstandings.
3.Which of the followingwill digitalminimalists agreetoA.Ignoring the side effectof digital tools.B.Getting awayfrom entertainmentapps.C.Spending more time selectinginformation.D.Devoting yourscreen timeto valuablethings.
4.Whafs the text mainlyaboutA.Reforms inlife.B.Technology usagephilosophy.C.Apps andsocial mediasites.D.Technology challenges.
1.C
2.A
3.D
4.B【导语】本文为一篇说明文文章主要介绍了在现代数字生活中，我们经常被其承诺所吸引，以至于忽视了它的危险作者强调需要有技术使用哲学，重点关注应用程序和工具的基本目的，并提倡对其使用进行主动控制词句猜测题根据划线词前半句（我们常常被现
1.We areoften soattracted bythe promisesof modemdigitallife代数字生活的许诺所吸引）”和后句Its thatfeeling oflosingcontrolthat we getadozentimesaday,from whenwe getdistractedwithourphonesinadiscussiontowhenwe cantappreciate aprivate momentwithout sharingit withvirtual（这种失控的感觉每天都会出现十几次，从我们在讨论时因为手机而分心，到我们因为无法与虚拟观audience.众分享而不能享受私人时刻”可知，是指对失去对数字生活的控制故选itsdangerC推理判断题根据第二段
2.We shouldgo pastthe notificationsettings onour devicesor appsand consider the moreessentialtopic ofwhy weuse somany appsin the first place.What allof uswho arestruggling with these challengesneedis atechnology usagephilosophy,something thatexplains from the groundup whichdigitaltoolswe allowintoourlives,.（我们应该跳过设备或应用程序的通知设置，考虑一下更重要的主题为什么我why,and underwhat conditions们首先要使用这么多应用程序我们所有与这些挑战抗争的人都需要一种技术使用哲学，一种从根本上解释我们允许哪些数字工具进入我们的生活，为什么，以及在什么条件下广可知,作者提出了一个更好的解决方案故选A推理判断题根据第三段
3.“Cal Newport,a professorof computerscience definesDigital Minimalismas aphilosophyof technologyuseinwhich youfbcus youronlinetimeonasmallnumberofcarefullyselectedactivitiesthatstrongly.（计算机科学教授将数字极supportthethingsyouvalue,and thenhappilymissoutoneverythingelse”Cal Newport简主义定义为“一种技术使用的哲学，你把你的上网时间集中在一小部分精心挑选的你所重视的活动上，然后愉快地放弃其他一切事户可推断，数字极简主义者认为把屏幕时间花在有价值的事情上故选D主旨大意题根据最后——段
4.“To doso,however,we cannotpassively allowthe toolsand appsprovided bytheInternet agetocontrolhow wespend ourtime orhowwe feel.Instead,we musttake stepsto drawthe positiveaspects of（然而，要做到这一点，我们不能被动地让互联网时代提these technologieswhile sidesteppingthenegativeaspects.供的工具和应用程序来控制我们如何花费时间或如何感受相反，我们必须措施，汲取这些技术的积极方面，同时避开消极方面户及全文可知，文章主要介绍了在现代数字生活中，我们经常被其承诺所吸引，以至于忽视了它的危险作者强调需要有技术使用哲学，重点关注应用程序和工具的基本目的，并提倡对其使用进行主动控制故选B
（八）人与自然The companySpaceX hasalready launchedhundreds ofits Starlink satellites,with plansto putas manyas42,000ofthem inEarth orbit.Its goalis to provide high-speed Internetto billionsof people.Moving towardthat kind of accessisimportant,but itcomes ata cost.Glittering withreflected sunlight,these firstorbiters,sent up in thepast year,are brighterthan99percent of the5,000or soother satellitesnow circlingEarth,and obviouslythere aregoing to be alot more.Thissudden increase is bad for astronomy:The probabilityof aStarlink satellitecrossing atelescopes fieldof viewand ruining（请愿书）an observation will be quite high near sunset.For thatreason,my fellow astronomers have signed a petitioncalling forgovernments toprotect the night skyfrom thisinvasion.In responseto protests,SpaceX haspromised toaddress thevisibility problemby,for example,applyingexperimental coatings-essentially paintingthe satellitesblack-but thecompanys aggressivelaunch scheduleremains（被照亮）unchanged.And thesatellites illuminatedsurfaces aremostly theirsolar panels-exactly thepart thatcannot bepaintedover.Unfortunately,at presentno regulationsgovern howbright asingle satellitecan be,let alonethousands of them（阻碍）together.Even ifthere aresuch regulations,one nationslaws cannothinder anothercountrys launches.Spaceliterally hasno borders,and the sky willneed tobe protectedat aninternational level.As aconsequence,we hopethat theUnited Nations will find a way to think outside of the box to save thesky foreveiyone.When Iwas growingup inMontana,it wasa gametobe the firstto finda movingsatellite amongthe hostof starsin（星座）thenight sky.Soon it could be a gameto recognizethe constellationsbehind aswarm ofmoving pointsof light.
1.What isthe writersattitude towardSpaceXs launchplansA.Indifferent.B.Doubtful.C.Optimistic.D.Disapproving.
2.Why havethe authorsfellow astronomerssigned thepetition A.SpaceX plansto sendtoo manyStarlink satellitesintospace.B.The Starlinksatellites willpossibly ruinan observationnear sunset.C.The firstorbiters arebrighter thanmost ofothersatellites circlingEarth.D.SpaceX failstoprovidehigh-speed Internetto peoplearound theworld.A.The UnitedStates.B.The UnitedNations.
3.According to the author,who shouldshoulder theresponsibility tosave theskyC.The companySpaceX.D.Just onenation.
4.What can beasuitable titlefor thetextA.Preserve theNight SkyB.Ban StarlinkSatellitesC.Observe theStars AttentivelyD.Protest AgainstSpaceX答案［语篇解读］语篇类型:说明文主题语境:人与自然主旨:作者希望联合国可以找到一种方式来减少卫星的影响，保护天空推理判断题由文章第一段中以及
1.D“This suddenincreaseisbadfor astronomy myfellowastronomershavesigned可以看出作者是反对公司的发射apetitioncalling forgovernments toprotectthenightskyfrom thisinvasion”SpaceX计划的细节理解题根据第一段中
2.B“The probabilityofaStarlinksatellitecrossing atelescopes fieldof viewand ruiningan可知，这些人造卫星可能会毁了日落时的天文观察observationwill bequitehighnearsunset”推理判断题根据第三段中
3.B“As aconsequence,we hopethat theUnitedNationswillfindawayto thinkoutside of可知，作者觉得联合国应该肩负起拯救天空的责任theboxtosavetheskyfor everyone.”主旨要义题根据全文的叙述,作者侧重于保护夜空免受卫星的光污染
4.A
（九）人与自我Like manyparents workingfrom homewhile theirkids arelearning remotely,weve beenlookingforcreative waystoconnect withour children—and nowherehas thisbeen truerthanin the kitchen.Kitchen science,as Liz Heinecke,author ofKitchen ScienceLab forKids callsit,doesnt requireany fancyequipment（原料）一or ingredientsand,best ofall,in theera ofremote education,we cancombine sciencelessons witheverydaymeal preparations.By helpingwith cooking,kids canengage inlively,project-based lessons.Actually,even theeasiestrecipes includeboth simple and complexscientific concepts.Kitchen scienceisn*tjustabout whatwe*re cooking.Its alsoabout understandingwhy itsworth takingthe timetofigure outhow ingredientsand temperatureinteract andwhy substancesbehave theway theydo.Everyone involvedwilllearn something.（芥末酱）For example,we allknow oil and waterdont mixeasily,but we can changethis byadding mustardto the（孚oilandwater tomakeasalad dressing.This is an opportunityto teachkids about the scienceof emulsionsL剂）.Adding lemonjuice toa vegetablestops thatvegetable fromturning brown;cabbage changescolor whenyou addvinegarto it.Both ofthose phenomenaare theresult ofchemical reactions.In theclassroom,it can be hardto seehowscientific conceptswill beapplied outsidethe lab.But whenkids seethese conceptswork in the realworld,that sparkscuriosity and learning.“Every timeyou stepinto yourkitchen to cook,you putscience towork.In fact,physics andchemistry comeintoplay wheneveryou steam,bake,freeze orboil.Thus,every timeyou stepinto the kitchen,its anopportunity foreveryoneto learnmore aboutscience,“LizHeineckesaid.
1.What areparents expectedto doin the kitchenA.Ask kidstocooka mealon theirown.B.Do scientificexperiments in thekitchen.C.Pay attentionto cooking ingredients.D.Combine scientific concepts withrecipes.
2.What doesthe fourthparagraph indicateA.Raw materialsare importantin thekitchen.B.Procedures tocook dinnermust befollowed.C.Cooking caninspire kids1interest instudying science.D.Family educationis moreimportant thanschool education.
3.What canwe learnfrom LizHeineckes wordsA.Cooking canbenefit bothkids andparents.B.Parents needto masterdifferent cookingskills.C.Lab experimentscanberepeated athome.D.Schools shouldoffer cookingcourses.
4.What doesthe authorintend totell usin thetextA.To practicehealthy eatinghabits.B.To learnfood scienceout ofthe lab.C.To turnmeal preparationsinto familylearning.D.To teachkids somerecipes forcookingin thekitchen.答案［语篇解读］语篇类型:说明文主题语境:人与自我主旨:让厨房成为孩子和父母学习更多科学知识的地方推理判断题根据第二段中
1.D“we cancombine sciencelessons witheveryday mealpreparations...even theeasiest可推知，家长在厨房里可以将科学课程中的科学概念与recipes includeboth simpleand complexscientificconcepts”日常做饭的食谱结合起来推理判断题根据第四段中
2.C“But whenkids seethese conceptswork in the realworld,that sparkscuriosityand可推知，第四段通过举例表明科学概念与烹饪结合可以激发孩子们学习科学的兴趣learning.”
3.A细节理解题根据最后一段中“Thus,every timeyou stepinto thekitchen,it!sanopportunity foreveryone tolearn可推知，烹饪对孩子和父母来说都是学习更多科学知识的机会，孩子和父母都能获益more aboutscience”推理判断题通读全文并结合最后一段可推知,作者想要告诉我们厨房可以成为学习更多科学知识的地方,
4.C应该把做饭变成家庭学习的机会
（十）:人与自然Weve allbeen there,when areally essentialitem thatyou hadto orderonline arrivesin suchan unbelievableamountof packagingthat itmakes youfeel likeits anunprepared gameof passingthe parcel.Its madeeven worsebythefact thatsome ofthe packagingcant be recycled.In fact,10million tonnesof packagingwasteare producedin the UK everyyear.A lotof thisends upin landfill,two-thirds ofwhich couldhave insteadbeenrecycled.The goodnews,however,is thathow packaging waste ismanaged isin fora BIGshake-upin line with the polluterpaysprinciple”.By placingthe mainpoint ofduty to pay onbrand owners,they will be encouraged tochoose moresustainable packagingoptions whichare recyclable and reusableas muchas possible.Otherwise,they willhave topayhigher fees.（）一This is a systemknown asExtended ProducerResponsibility EPRmeaning thatthose whohave controloverpackaging designdecisions will be encouragedto dothe rightthing for the planetat thebeginning andconsider whathappensat theend ofthe packagingslife from the start.What thismeans isthat insteadof localauthorities pickingup thebill forhousehold wastemanagement,companieswill have topay for managing your household packaging waste,and theywill bemet withthe associatedlittle coststoo.And,as anadded bonus,the newEPR lawson packagingwill alsomean thatproducers arerequired toput clear（强制性的）mandatory labelling on packaging.For example,this could be RECYCLEor DO NOT RECYCLE”.Ofcourse,we hopethat the“DO NOTRECYCLE^^category labellingistheminority.It is aimed that by2030,78%ofpackaging willberecycled in theUK.
1.What canwe knowfrom thefirst twoparagraphsA.Two-thirds of packaging wasteis recycled.B.Over-packaging isoften thecase inlife.C.The qualityof goodscannot beguaranteed.D.Online shoppingis gettingless popular.
2.Who willbe responsiblefor payingpackaging wastecosts accordingto thelawA.Designers.B.Producers.C.Customers.D.Local authorities.
3.What canthe EPR laws leadthe brandowners to doA.Pay highertaxes andrecycle packagingwaste.B.Put clearlabelling on packaging andpromote sales.C.Cut packagingwaste andimprove packagingrecycling.D.Follow thepackaging designtrend andthe rightthings.
4.What canbe learnedabouttheitems orderedonline in the futureA.Their labellingon packagingwillbesimpleandgenerous.B.The majorityof theirpackaging needn*t berecycled.C.They willbe ofhigh qualityand inexpensive.D.Theyll arriveintheright amount of recyclablepackaging.答案［语篇解读］语篇类型:说明文主题语境:人与自然主旨:为应对过度包装和包装不能回收利用的问题而制定的环保政策和它可能带来的影响与作用EPR推理判断题根据第一段中和第二段中
1.B“in suchan unbelievableamountofpackaging”10million tonnesof可推知，第
一、二段告诉我们过度包装在生活中是常有的事packagingwasteare producedintheUK everyyear”细节理解题根据第三段中和第五段中
2.B“inlinewiththepolluter paysprinciple“companies willhave topayfor可知,按照新的法律，污染者,即产品生产者，将负责支付包装垃圾处managingyourhouseholdpackagingwaste”理费用细节理解题根据第三段中
3.C theywillbeencouragedtochoosemoresustainable packagingoptions whichare和最后一段中recyclableandreusable”“the newEPRlawsonpackagingwill alsomean thatproducers arerequired toput（强制性的）可知，新的法令会促使品牌所有者减少包装浪费，改clear mandatorylabellingonpackaging”EPR善包装回收利用状况
4.D推理判断题根据第六段中“Of course,we hopethat theDONOTRECYCLE,category labellingistheminority.It可推知，未来网上订购的商品将用合适数量的is aimedthatby2030,78%ofpackagingwillberecycledintheUK.”可回收包装打包递送C.By referring to previousfindings.D.By makinga comparison.
3.What doesthe underlinedword bolster“inthelast paragraphmeanA.Calculate.B.Reduce.C.Receive.D.Increase.
4.Which ofthe followingis asuitabletitlefor thetextA.Tax-free PolicyWorks Wellwith CarIndustry in NorwayB.No MoreGas-powered CarsAllowed toBe Soldin NorwayC.9in10Cars Soldin NorwayAre Electricor RechargeableHybridsD.Almost AllCars WillGo ElectricinNorwayRight Away答案［语篇解读］语篇类型:说明文主题语境:人与自然主旨:挪威政府通过减税等措施鼓励新能源汽车销售细节理解题根据第三段中和第五段第一句中（免除）
1.A“But moneyis amain concern.”“Electric carsare exempt（）（电动汽车免征的增值税）可知,增值税的减免是电动汽车销售额增长fromthe25%value-added taxVAT”25%的主要原因推理判断题第五段指出排放量高的大型汽车交税多，而电动汽车免交增值税和环境污染税，许多与汽车
2.D相关的费用也被减少或完全取消所以这是通过对比来说明政府的“胡萝卜加大棒”政策推测词义题根据最后一段可知，对于立法者们来说，他们想要的是双赢，即在支持远离化石燃料的同时,又
3.D能提高税收由此推断画线单词是“增加”的意思“bolste1主旨要义题通读全文可知，文章重点介绍挪威政府通过税收倾斜刺激电动汽车的销售,从而达到现在销售
4.C的汽车中绝大部分是新能源汽车的状态
（二）自然科学研究Kids everywherelove to play.And theyknow thata ballisaperfect thing to playwith.Now scientistsreport（大黄蜂）bumblebees seem to know thesame thing,making bumblebeesthefirstinsects known to play.（哺孚动物）Lots ofanimals play.But thebehavior isbest knownin mammalsL and birds.For manyanimals,playingis often seen asa kindof trainingfbr things theyll haveto deal with in later life.But beforethis,there wereno reportsofinsects playing.Dr.Lars Chittkadid anearlier experiment,where hetrained bumblebees to rollballs intoa goalfor food.He noticedsomebees wererolling ballseven when they werentrewarded.He wonderedif theywere playing.To testthe idea,he withother scientistsset up a newexperiment.First,they marked45young bumblebees,both maleand female,between oneand23days old.Then theyset upa clearpathway fromthe bumblebeesnest toa feeding area.Oneither side ofthe open pathway,small coloredwooden ballswere placed.On oneside ofthe path,the ballscouldnt move.On theother side,the ballscould rollaround.For threehours aday over14days,the scientistsopened the pathway.The bumblebeesnever hadto leavethe pathwaytofind food,but theyleft anyway.They werentso interestedintheside wherethe ballscouldnt move,but theymade lotsofvisits tothesidewiththerolling balls.Grabbing the balls withtheir legs,the bumblebeeswould beattheir wingsto pullon the balls,causing themto roll.The45marked bumblebeesdid this910times duringthe experiment.Though someonly didit once,others didit alot.Thescientists found the younger bumblebees spent moretime rolling balls,andthat males seemed more likely to play thanfemales.The scientists say itsnot clearwhy the bumblebees rollthe ballsor whether they enjoyit.But theexperiment raisesimportantquestions abouthow theinsects mindswork andwhethertheyhave feelings.
1.What doesthe underlinedword in paragraph2refer toA.The discoverythat playing is training.B.The experimentabout mammals9living habits.C.The reportthat bumblebeesplay forfun.D.The comparisonbetween insectsand birds.
2.What didDr.Lars Chittkaand other scientists dointhenew experimentA.They trainedbumblebeestoplay balls.B.They putsmall ballson bothsides ofthe pathway.C.They set upa feedingareain bumblebeesnest.D.They rewardedthebumblebeesthat rolledballs.
3.What canwe learnfromtheexperimentA.Male bumblebeeslend toplay ballsmore often.B.Colorful ballsare bumblebeesfavourite toys.C.Younger bumblebeesare betterat rollingballs.D.Bumblebees showinterest inanything round.
4.What canbethebest titleforthetextA.Bumblebees ArcJust LikeKids B.Balls Area PerfectThing to Play withC.Playing IsAnimals9Second NatureD.Bumblebees AreFirst InsectKnown toPlay
1.C
2.B
3.A
4.D【导语】本文是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，该研究表明大黄蜂是已知的第一种会玩耍的昆虫词句猜测题根据第二段划线单词上文（哺孚
1.“Lots ofanimals play.But thebehavior isbest knownin mammalsL动物）andbirds.For manyanimals,playingisoftenseenasakindoftraining forthingstheyllhaveto dealwithinlaterlife.（许多动物在玩耍但是这种行为在哺乳动物和鸟类中最为人所知对于许多动物来说，玩耍通常被视为一种训练，它们将在以后的生活中处理这些事情）“可知，所谓的在此之前，指的是在该研究之前，也就是第一段提到的（大黄蜂）“Now scientistsreport bumblebeesseem toknow thesame thing,making bumblebeesthefirstinsects.（现在科学家们报告说，大黄蜂似乎也知道同样的事情，这使得大黄蜂成为已知的第一种会玩耍knowntoplay的昆虫厂由此推断，作者所谓的在此之前，指的是在发现大黄蜂会玩耍之前故选Co细节理解题根据文章第四段
2.“To testthe idea,he withotherscientistsset upa newexperiment.First,they marked45young bumblebees,both maleandfemale,between oneand23days old.Then theysetupa clearpathway fromthebumblebees,nest toafeedingarea.On eithersideoftheopenpathway,small coloredwooden ballswere placed.On one（为了验证这个想法，他和其他科sideofthepath,theballscouldnt move.On theother side,theballscould rollaround.学家建立了一个新的实验首先，他们标记了只年轻的大黄蜂,雄性和雌性都有，年龄在到天之间然45123后，他们在大黄蜂的巢穴和觅食区之间设置了一条清晰的通道在开放通道的两侧，放置了小的彩色木球在小路的一边，球不能移动另一边，球可以滚来滚去广可知，在新的实验中，科学家们在小路两旁都放置了小球故选B推理判断题根据文章倒数第二段
3.“The scientistsfoundtheyoungerbumblebeesspentmoretimerollingballs,and.（科学家们发现，年轻的大黄蜂花更多的时间滚球，而且雄性thatmalesseemedmore likelytoplaythanfemales似乎比雌性更喜欢玩球户可知，雄性大黄蜂更喜欢玩球故选A主旨大意题根据文章第一段
4.“Kids everywherelove toplay.And theyknow thata ballisaperfect thingtoplaywith.（大黄蜂）Now scientistsreport bumblebeesseemtoknowthesamething,making bumblebeesthefirstinsects knownto（各地的孩子都喜欢玩耍他们知道球是最适合玩的东西现在科学家们报告说，大黄蜂似乎也知道同样play.的事情，这使得大黄蜂成为已知的第一种会玩耍的昆虫广以及整篇文章内容可知，文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，该研究表明大黄蜂成为已知的第一种会玩耍的昆虫所以“Bumblebees AreFirst InsectKnowntoPlay（大黄蜂是已知的第一种会玩耍的昆虫）”作为文章标题最为合适故选D
（三）人与自我Nature hasdeveloped theemotional statewe callanger tohelp usstay alive.Anger energizesus toprepare usforaction.It canbe used either in productive ways or just the opposite.When we feel energizedby anger,we mightaskourselves howwe putthis energytothe most productiveuse.Perhaps themost helpfulthingtoremember about anger isthat it isasecondary emotion.A primaryfeeling iswhat isfeltimmediately beforewefeel angry.We mightfirst feelafraid,attacked,offended,trapped,or disrespected.If any ofthese feelingsare intenseenough,we thinkoftheemotion asanger.Generally speaking,secondary feelingsdo notidentifythe unmetemotional need.When allI cansay is“I feelangry”,neither Inor anyoneelse knowswhat wouldhelp mefeelbetter.A helpfultechnique,then,istoalways identifythe primaryemotion.Assume someonewants usto dosomething weprefer nottodo.At first,wefeela littlepressured,but notenough togetangry.When theykeep pushingus,we beginto getirritated.If theycontinue,wegetangry.Such angerdamagesrelationships.If wefeelangry,itisevident thatwefeelstrongly aboutsomething.Instead ofsaying Icant believehowirresponsible she is.What acold-hearted,evil witchsheis.”,a moreproductive responseis:Am Ireally upsetby thisWhy does itbother meso muchWhat specificallyam Ifeeling,,From theanswers,we candecide topick thebest onetocalm theanger.As soonas we“upshift“and begintothinkabout ouroptions andtheir consequences,we startto feelmorein controland lessthreatened.We getoutofthe automaticstimulus-response modeand realizethatwehave choices.There isa quotefrom ViktorE.Frankl thatgoes likethis:Between stimulusand responsethere isa space.In thatspace...lies ourgrowth andour freedom.”
1.Whats theauthors attitudetowards angerA.Favorable.B.Neutral.C.Doubtful.D.Negative.
2.What canwe know about angerA.It reflectsones intensefeeling.B.It referstoaminor emotion.C.It canidentify emotionalneed.D.It surelycauses aviolent reaction.
3.What doesParagraph4mainly dealwithB.How werespond toanger.C.How wedevelop growthand freedom.D.When weconsidertheconsequence.A.What questionswe askaboutanger.A.Ways toknowaboutanger.B.Reasons toarouse anger.
4.What isthetextmainly aboutC.Managing angerinagood way.D.Calming angerattheright time.答案［语篇解读］语篇类型:说明文主题语境:人与自我主旨:什么是愤怒以及如何对待它推理判断题根据第一段中的可知，作者认为愤怒
1.B Itcanbeusedeitherinproductivewaysorjusttheopposite.”既可能产生积极影响，也可能会有不好的作用由此推断出,作者对愤怒的态度是客观中立的细节理解题根据第二段中的可知，
2.A Ifanyof these feelingsare intenseenough,we thinkoftheemotion asanger.愤怒反映了一个人非常强烈的情绪主旨要义题根据第四段中的”可知第四段主要介绍了在我
3.B“Instead ofsaying...a moreproductive responseis…们愤怒时，应该怎样做主旨要义题通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了愤怒是一种非常强烈的情绪，有好的一面也有不好的一面，以
4.C及我们应该明智地处理我们的愤怒
（四）人与自然（繁殖）（灰熊）,Endangered polar bears arebreeding withgrizzly bearscreating pizzly bears,which isbeing drivenbyclimate change,scientistssay.As theworld warms and Arcticsea icethins,starving polar bears arebeing forcedever further south,where theymeetgrizzlies,whose rangesare expandingnorthwards.And withthat growingcontact betweenthe twocome increasinghybrids（杂交种）.With characteristicsthat couldgive the hybrids anadvantage inwarming northernhabitats,some scientistsguess thattheycouldbehere tostay.Usually,hybrids arentbetter suitedto theirenvironments thantheir parents,but thesehybridsare able to search fora broader range of food sources JLarisa DeSantis,an associateprofessorofbiological sciencesatVanderbilt University,told LiveScience.The riseof“pizzly“bears appearswith polarbears*decline:Their numbersare estimatedto decreaseby morethan30%inthenext30years.This suddenfall islinked partlyto“pizzly“bears takingup polarbears1ranges,where theyoutcompetethem,but alsoto polarbears*highly specializeddiets.“Polar bearsmainly consumedsoft foodseven duringthe MedievalWann Period,a previousperiod ofrapid warmingJDeSantis said,referringtofat mealssuch asseals.Although allofthesestarving polarbears aretrying tofind alternativefoodsources,like seabirdeggs,itcouldbea tippingpoint fbrtheir survival.Actually,the caloriesthey gainfrom thesesources do not balance out those theyburn fromsearching forthem.This couldresult ina habitatready forthe hybridstomove in and take over,leading toa lossin biodiversity if polarbears are replaced.“Were havingmassive impactswith climate change onspecies JDeSantis said.“The polarbear istelling ushow badthingsare.In somesense,pizzly5bears couldbeasad butnecessary compromisegiven currentwarming trends/
91.Why dopolarbearsmove furthersouthA.To createhybrids.B.To expandterritory.C.To relievehunger.D.To contactgrizzlies.
2.What makespizzlybearsadapt tonatural surroundingsbetter thantheir parentsA.Broader habitats.B.More foodoptions.C.Climate preference.D.Improved breedingability.
3.What doesthe underlinedphrase“a tippingpoint“inparagraph5refer toA.A rarechance.B.A criticalstage.C.A positivefactor.D.A constantchange.
4.Whats themain ideaofthetextA.Pol arbears arechanging dietsfor climatechange.B.Polar bears have alreadyadjusted toclimatechange.CfPizzly“bears areon therise becauseof global warming.DfPizzly“bearshavereplaced polarbears fbrglobalwarming.答案［语篇解读］语篇类型:说明文主题语境:人与自然主旨:由于气候变暖，濒危北极熊正在与灰熊一起繁殖,创造出“灰北极熊”细节理解题根据第二段中
1.C“As theworld warmsand Arcticsea icethins,starving polarbears arebeing forcedever可矢口北极熊向南迁移是为了缓解furthersouth,where theymeet grizzlies,whose rangesare expandingnorthwards.”饥饿细节理解题根据第三段中可知更多的
2.B“but thesehybrids areabletosearchforabroaderrangeof foodsources”食物选择让“灰北极熊”比它们的父母更能适应自然环境推测词义题根据画线词后文
3.B“Actually,the caloriesthey gainfrom thesesourcesdonotbalanceoutthosethey burnfromsearching forthem.This couldresult ina habitatready forthehybridsto moveinandtakeover,leading toa lossin可矢口，无法找至足够的食物来源，北极熊彳艮可能被“灰北极熊”取biodiversityifpolarbearsarereplaced.”U代，它们正处于生存的关键点由此推断相当于（一个关键阶段）“a tippingpoint”a criticalstage主旨要义题通读全文,尤其是第一段和第五段可知由于全球变暖，“灰北极熊”的数量正在上升
4.C
（五）自然与环境（鞋鱼）The Atlantic salmon ofScotland arehardy anddetermined animals.Each springand summer,they returnfromthe North Atlantic Ocean to lay eggs inScotlands shallowrivers,leaping upwaterfalls andover barriers,pushingthemselves upstream in enormous efforts.Some fail,and otherssucceed,but todaythey faceyet anotherchallenge.During themid-1980s,there werebetween eightand tenmillion salmonswimming aroundScotlands Atlanticcoast;（猎物）that numberhas nowdropped sharply.Theres evidenceof reducingthe availabilityofthesalmons preyas climatechangewarmsandacidifies oceans.New researchsuggests climatechangeisalso bearingdown onrivers,which isbadnews forsalmon.Adapted tolife incold water,salmon experienceslow growthand populationchanges athigh temperatures.Heat influencestheir healthand reducestheir resistanceto disease.“Now salmonarestrugglingto dealwiththe rising temperatures.There arerecent recordsof27℃intheupper reachesofthe Deecatchment,says PeterCairns,directorofan environmentalcharity.In2018,Scotland recordedthe lowestpolecatch forsalmon sincerecords began.Evidence suggeststhat thedegraded qualityofriverworsens theimpact ofourchanging climate.Atlantic salmonevolved usingriver systemsinScotlandthat wereonce waymore forestedand thereforeshaded.Yet Scotlandis todayone ofthe leastwooded countriesin Europe,with just3percent ofits nativewoodlandundamaged.Scientists havefound thatjust35percent ofrivers inScotland haveenough treecover forsalmon survival.A movementto gettrees backon riverbanksis gatheringpace.“Broad-leaf treesclose tothe bankcan reducethe light一that entersthe water,“explains fisheriesscientist AnthonyHawkins.A newinitiative calledRiverwoods ledby theScottishWildlife Trustand supportedby ScottishWater andseveral othergovernment andregulatory bodies-aims tocreatea networkof woodlandsalong Scotlandsriverbanks,and hasalready receiveda numberof largefunds/Money isnotthe pressingbusiness.River healthis complex,but treeplanting isone ofthemostbasic thingswecanget startedwith rightawayjsaysCairns.
1.WhydoAtlanticsalmonmake greatjourneys backtothe riversA.They searchfor foods.B.They reproducethemselves.C.The riversare relativelycool.D.The seasare increasinglywarm.
2.How dotherisingtemperatures inrivers affectsalmonA.They growmore quickly.B,They aremore heat-resistant.C.They areless activein water.D.They aremorelikelyto getdiseases.
3.What isa challengeforsalmonwhenthey return toScotlands riversA.There isa shortageoffood.B.There ismuch fishcatching.C.The ecologyenvironment haschanged.D.The riversystems areunsuitable forthe forestgrowth.
4.What doesCairns reallyintend totell usinthelast paragraphA.It isurgent toplant riverbanktrees.B.It istoo hardto restoretheriverhealth.C.There isenough moneyfortheproject.D.There aretoo manyvital thingstodealwith.
1.B2,D
3.C
4.A【导语】本文是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了因为环境恶化，大西洋鞋鱼的数量急剧减少细节理解题根据第一段中
1.Each springand summer,theyreturnfromtheNorthAtlanticOceantolayeggsin（每年Scotlands shallowriversjeaping upwaterfalls andover barriers,pushing themselvesupstreaminenormousefforts.春天和夏天，它们都会从北大西洋返回，在苏格兰的浅水河流中产卵，跳过瀑布，越过障碍，以巨大的努力将自己推向上游）”可知，大西洋蛙鱼要长途跋涉回到河里是为了繁殖后代故选项B细节理解题根据第二段中（热影响它们的健
2.“Heat influencestheir healthand reducestheir resistanceto disease.康，降低它们对疾病的抵抗力）”可知，河流温度上升使鲜鱼更容易得病故选项D。
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