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阅读理解（精准复盘冲刺练十篇）C-话题:科学Have youever foundpicking outthe faceof a friend in a groupphoto is sometimes hard,especially wheneveryonecrowds togetherIn thesame way,it canalso behard to read apassage oftext when the lettersare tooclose together.In fact,a newstudy showsthat spacingthe lettersfarther apartcan helpanyone read faster,and possiblyunderstand more.Dyslexia is a commonreading disorder.Crowded textis especiallydifficult forpeople with dyslexia toread.Soresearchers wanted to seeif increasingthe spacing between letterswould help.Steven Stagg,a scientist,studies howpeople thinkand learn.His teamrecruited59students between11and15yearsold,thirty-two ofwhom haddyslexia.While theresearchers recordedthem,each studentread twopassages outloud.Onepassage wasin its original format.In the other,there was an increaseof
2.5points in the spacingbetween theletters.Therecording allowedthe scientists to measuretheir readingspeed andcount anymistakes,such asskipped words.覆盖物.People withdyslexia oftenemploy aidsto helpthem read,such ascolored overlaysThis timethey areofferedby theresearchers.Those colored overlays didn*t helpeither groupof kids.However,kids withdyslexia readthewider-spaced text13percent fasterthan thetext withoriginal spacing.These kidsalso madefewer mistakes.Studentswithout dyslexiaread faster,too,although onlyby5percent.This isvery goodnews.It meansteachers andpublishers canprint materialwith extraspacingbetweenletters.Readerswith dyslexiawont feel singled outby havingto usespecial aidsfor reading.An organizationcalled ReadabilityMatters isworkingon theseissues.The groupis tryingto gettech companiesto makechanges thatshould makereading easier.Stagg says,Some methodshave shownmixed results,but letter spacing seemsto be the onething thateveryone isfindingworks.”
1.What is the purposeof thefirst paragraphA.To makethe article interesting.B.To presenta commonproblem.C.To leadto the topic of the article.D.To providea newsolution.
2.What doyou knowabout people with dyslexiaA.She feltashamed of herself.B.She realizedthat sportwas dangerous.C.She thoughtofherown pastexperiences.D.She regrettedtaking part in somerisky activities.
2.What does the underlinedpartinParagraph4most probablyrefer toA.Making safechoices isimportant.B.Taking arisk isntas scaryas itseems.C.Taking arisk can make youfeel bad.D.Overcoming fearsrequires a long time.
3.The authormost probablythinks thatshe should.A.let her kids playwith thegirl in the videoB.certainly allowherkidsto tryski jumpingC.use some tools topromote herkids courageD.participate inmore riskyactivities toset anexample
4.What is the best title for the passageA.Pushing ourselvesto ourlimits B.Paying attention to kids1activitiesC.Learning akind ofrisky activityD.Encouraging kidsto choosewhat theylike答案［语篇解读］作者通过一个岁孩子克服恐惧的视频，想到了自己的经历，想到了自己作为母亲应该勇于突破极10限，以此给孩子们树立好的榜样细节理解题根据第一段的中的
1.C Of course,the videomakes mereflect on the times when I experienced the similar丁可知，作者看到视频后想起了自己以前的经历故选项feeling C猜测词义题根据第三段可推知,指代前面.”这种看法，所以作者想让
2.B that view“Well,I did...at the beginning孩子们意识到，冒险尝试并不像看起来那么令人害怕故选项B推理判断题根据倒数第二段中的、最后一段中的和
3.D“I knowI wantthem to take risks.“So if...with risk”“Or do可推知，作者很有可能认为她应该参加更多的冒险活动来给孩子们树立榜样故选I need to...brave decisions”D项主旨要义题根据文章的主要内容可知,作者通过一个岁孩子克服恐惧的视频,想到了自己的经历,想到
4.A10了自己作为母亲应该勇于突破极限，以此给孩子们树立好的榜样故“突破我们的极限”可以作为文章的最佳标题故选项A
（七）:社会交往Like anyoneelse,I havesocial mediapersonalities that I liketo follow.I watchtheir Instastories,YouTube videosand（名人）”generally keeptrack ofwhat theyare upto bymeans ofsocial media.These celebritiesencourage meto pursuemydreams,and unlikemy physicalfriends,are oftenmore accessible-just aYouTube clickaway.So when I foundmyself tellinga storythe otherday to one of my friendsat acafe and then casuallyreferring toone oftheseonline personalitiesas“my friend,\I suddenlybecame awareof theblurred（模糊的）line betweenmy physicalandvirtual sociallives.I wasretelling aYouTubefs storyabout howto practice appreciation asif itwere mystory totell.Thescary partis that it cameso naturallythatI had topause andthink twiceabout whathad justcome outofmymouth.How didIget to the pointof referringto someoneIhadnever actuallyspoken with as a“fhendBetween tryingto make a livingand maintainingsocial relationships,it hasbecome especiallyeasy formillennials（）those bornin the1980sor1990stoturn toartificial socialcloseness tomeet theirbasic humanneeds forsocialinteractions.So howdo wereally knowwho ourfriends arein aworld wherethe term“fHend“seems soblurred Isit righttocall someoneafriendwho you*ve neverspoken within reallifeSometimes I worry thatmy onlinefriendships aretaking awaythe timeI could be spendingforming meaningfulrelationships in reallife.In anarticleinPsychology Today,Alex Pattakosclaims thatour questto createmore andmorefriends throughpopular socialmedia platformshas ledto usfeeling moredisconnected inreality.His researchstates thatwecan onlymaintain limitedreal friendshipsand thedesire tohave moreconnections leadsto emotionalattachments to online（类社会性的）（分离）celebrities,referred toas parasocialinteractions,and consequentlydetachment fromour reallifeconnections.？Do youmake adistinction betweenyour onlineand offline“friends Ifso,how
1.What doesthe authorthink of hisreal-life friendsA.They are more difficult to reach.B.They oftencause himmuch trouble.C.They arefond offollowing“celebrities”.D.They mostlylack interestin socialmedia.
2.Which of the followingpuzzledthe authorA.The definitionof physicalfriends.B.Some phrasesused inonline language.C.The properway topracticeappreciationonline.D.The distinctionbetween physicaland onlinefriends.
3.What can we inferabout millennials“according toparagraph3A.They areskillful atAI technology.B.They havegreat difficultymaking a living.C.They areeager toseek onlinefriendships.D.They rarelybuild firmsocial relationships.
4.Whats the authors attitudetoonlinefriendshipsA.CasuaL B.Opposed.C.Supportive.D.Ambiguous.答案［语篇解读］如今我们网络世界与现实世界的朋友之间的界限越来越模糊，作者表达了自己对线上朋友的看法细节理解题根据第一段中的
1.A“and unlikemy physicalfriends,are oftenmore accessible—just aYouTube click可知,作者认为在社交媒体上结识的朋友“触手可及”，很容易联系到相比之下，现实世界的朋友较难away”联系到推理判断题根据第二段和第三段中的问句可知，作者对如何区分网络世界和真实世界的朋友感到困惑
2.D
3.C推理判断题根据第三段可知，由于网络社交媒体的发展，千禧一代更倾向于在网络上寻求亲密互动推理判断题根据倒数第二段中的
3.B“Sometimes Iworry thatmy onlinefriendships aretaking awaythe timeI could以及弓用的的观点可知，作者对网络友be spendingforming meaningfulrelationshipsinreal liffe.”I AlexPattakos谊持有反对的态度A自然环境保护A colleaguerecently sentme anarticle,Cutting back on waste is possible-if youcan affordit.toread.It arguedthatreducing waste-food-related,in particular-is anexpensive effortand anear impossibilityfor anyoneworking low-wagejobs withlittle extratime.The conclusionZero-wasteissomething onlysuitable forpeople who can affordit,not forthosewho arestruggling to make aliving.However,I disagreewith the idea thatzero wastemust beall ornothing.I thinkthis is an unfortunateattitude thatpreventsvaluable progresstoward reducingones food-related waste.When weget toohung upon theidea ofso-calledzero wasteand ofbeing likethe zero-waste superstarBea Johnsonwhocanfit yearsof trash in a single jar,we startmissing可the broaderpoint.The goal,after all,is to make smartershopping decisionsand establishpractices that are sustainable持续的for us,with ourown uniqueresources andliving situations.I live in asmall ruraltown withno fancyzero-waste stores.My husband and Iboth workfull-time.I amuninterestedin spendingmy freetime doingDIY projectsand drivingfrom storeto storein searchof perfectpackaging.Instead,I justdothe bestI can.When1first readabout Bea Johnsons multi-stop groceryshopping routine,I triedto copyit.That lasteda fewweeksbefore Igave up.Unlike her,I stillhad babiesto lookafter,and I did notliveinSan Franciscowhere storesare closertogetherthan inrural Ontario.Instead,Fve resignedmyself to the supermarketbeing the main supplyof foodand tryingtowork withit.Now,whenIenter thesupermarket ona once-weekly basis,I viewall packagingwith acritical eye.I makeconstantcomparisons betweenhow onebrand packagesits foodand another.That isthe mainreason indeciding whatto buy,thoughI alsoconsider theunit price,the placeof origin and theingredients.
1.What istheideaof thearticle recommendedby the authors colleagueA.Cutting downon wastecosts much.B.Food-related wasteis unavoidable.C.Most peoplecan affordzero waste.D.The poorcare littleabout foodwaste.
2.How doesthe authorunderstand theconcept ofzero wasteA.It isrelated torecycling ourresources.B.It preventspeople fromreducing waste.C.It encouragesreasonable greenpractices.D.It meansfitting yourtrashinasinglejar.
3.Why didthe authorfail tofollow Bea JohnsonA.Her lovefor shoppingwas deeplyrooted.B.She hardlyknew about food packaging.C.She didntreceive herhusbands support.D.Her living situations differedfrom BeaJohnsons.
4.Whats the besttitle for the textA.Live ina SmallTown for a Zero-waste LifeB.Stop Wastingand Builda GreenerSocietyC.Take Advantageof LocalZero-waste ShopsD.Forget ZeroWaste andBe BetterShoppers答案［语篇解读］作者的同事向她推荐了一篇文章，文章阐述的大致观点是减少垃圾是需要付出高昂代价的而作者认为我们应该量力而行，践行绿色消费理念就可以减少垃圾细节理解题根据第一段中的一.”及
1.A“It arguedthat reducingwaste food-related,...little extratime“Zero waste「可知，作者的同事推荐的那篇文章里提到的观点是减少垃圾的代价很大is...make aliving推理判断题根据第二段中的
2.C Thegoal,after allis tomake smartershopping decisionsand establishpractices that（可持续的）可推明，，在作者看来，“零are sustainablefor us,with ourown uniqueresources andlivingsituations.”垃圾概念鼓励合理的环保行为细节理解题根据第四段中的可知，作者没能成功效仿的“零
3.D“That lasted…than inrural Ontario.”BeaJohnson垃圾，，生活方式是因为作者的生活状况和的生活状况不同BeaJohnson主旨耍义题通读全文可知，本文主要阐述作者对“零垃圾”这个概念的理解,作者认为我们不应该追求完全
4.D的“零垃圾”，而应该根据自己的实际情况践行绿色消费理念，从而减少垃圾因此Forget ZeroWaste andBe Better适合当文章标题Shoppers”
（九）:健康的生活方式With obesitynow affecting29%of thepopulation in England,and expectedto riseto35%by2030,should wenowrecognize itas a disease Obesity,in whichexcess bodyfat has accumulated tosuch anextent thathealth maybe adverselyaffected,meets thedictionary definitionof disease,argues Professor John Wilding.He pointsout thatmore than200genesinfluence weight.Thus bodyweight isstrongly influencedby biology——it is not anindividuafs faultif theydevelopobesity.^^Yet the widespread view is that obesity is self-induced and that it is entirelythe individualsresponsibility to do（并发症）something aboutit.Recognizing obesity as achronic diseasewith severecomplications ratherthan alifestyle（辱）choice shouldhelp reducethe stigmalit anddiscrimination experiencedby manypeople withobesity,“he adds.Professor Wildingdisagrees thatlabelling ahigh proportionof thepopulation ashaving a disease removespersonalresponsibility ormay overwhelmhealth services,pointing outthat othercommon diseases,such ashigh bloodpressure anddiabetes,require peopletotakeaction tomanage their condition.He suggeststhat most peoplewithobesity willeventuallydevelop complications.“But unless we acceptthat obesityis adisease,we arenot goingto be able totackle itJ heconcludes.But Dr.Richard Pile,a physicianwith aspecial interestin diabetes,argues thatadopting thisapproach couldactuallyresult inworse outcomesfor individualsand society.He believesthat thedictionary definitionof disease“issovague thatwe can classifyalmost anythingas adisease andsays thequestion isnot whetherwecan,but whetherwe should,and towhat end.If labelling obesity as adiseasewere harmlessthen it wouldnt reallymatter,he writes.But labellingobesityas a（内在的）disease“risks reducing autonomy androbbing people of theintrinsic motivationthat issuch animportant enablerof change.^^Whats more,making obesityadisease“may notbenefit patients,but itwill benefithealthcare providersand（制药的）the pharmaceuticalindustry whenhealth insuranceand clinicalguidelines promotetreatment withdrugs andsurgery/he warns.
1.What doesProfessor John Wilding argueabout obesityA.Its impacton societyis expectedto rise.B.It should be regardedas adisease.C.It isnow toowidespread to be neglected.D.Its dictionarydefinition shouldbe updated.
2.What isthe popularview onobesityA.It isdifficulttodefine.B.It isa moderndisease.C.It has much to do withones genes.D.It resultsfrom alack ofself-control.
3.Why aresome peopleopposed tolabellingobesityas adiseaseA.Obese peoplewould bediscriminated against.B.Obese peoplewould notbeableto affordthe medicalcosts.C.Obese peoplewould be overwhelmed withanxiety.D.Obese peoplewould notfeel responsiblefor takingany action.
4.What isDr.Richard Pilesconcern aboutclassifying obesityasadiseaseA.It maydo littlegood topeople.B.It mayaccelerate thespread ofobesity.C.It maycause ashortage ofdoctors.D.It mayaffect obesepeoples qualityof life.答案［语篇解读］文章主要讨论了肥胖是否应该被视为一种疾病的问题细节理解题根据第一段中的和第二段中的
1.B“Obesity,…ProfessorJohnWilding.”Recognizing…he adds.”iBut可知教授认为月巴胖应该被视为——种疾病unlesswe...tackle it/he concludes.JohnWilding细节理解题根据第一段中的
2.D Yetthewidespreadviewisthatobesityisself-induced and thatitis entirelythe可知，人们普遍认为肥胖是自己造成的，是缺乏自我控制的结果individuafs responsibilitytodosomething aboutit.”推理判断题根据第二段中的和最后一段中
3.D“Professor Wildingdisagrees...theircondition.”“But labellingobesity可推断，有些人反对给肥胖贴上疾病的标签，是因为他们认为asadisease risksreducingautonomy...ofchange.这样会导致肥胖的人不会觉得有责任采取任何行动推理判断题根据第三段内容可推断,
4.A“But Dr.Richard Pile,...but whetherwe should,and towhatend.”Richard认为将肥胖归类为疾病可能对人们没什么好处Pile
（十）人与环境（嗓音的）In therainforest,thousands ofspecies singand call,forming acousticlayers sorich that the humanmind can（水听含浮）beoverwhelmed.Drop ahydrophone intoan oceanand youwill hearsimilar richness.Hundreds ofthousands（声音的）of othervocal wondersring out across the world.Every vocalspecies has a distinctivesound andevery placeon（声音的）the globehasasingular acousticcharacter.We liveinaworld ofsonic wonder,yet thisrichness isbeing damagedworldwide.In someplaces,sonic lossis causedby thedestruction ofhabitats,from felledforests tooverfished oceans.In habitatssuchas rainforestsand oceans,sound isthe onlyway formost animalsto communicateeven overshort distances.Thiscommunication-mating songs,cooperative signalsaboutfood,cries thatindicate socialstatus andalarm calls-allowscomplex animallife toboom.Elsewhere,noise isthe problem.Machines pumpso manysounds intowater andair thatotherspecies canthear oneanother.The problemof noise is mostserious in the oceans,where quakeexploration,shipping andsonarcreate adeafening soundthat makeshabitats uninhabitable,or nearlyso,for manyspecies.Mankind isalso affectedby environmental noise,with complaintsabout noisepollution datingback to the veryfirstcities,recorded onclay wallsfrom Babylonia.This noiseisnomere inconvenience:It createsphysiological burdensthatsicken andkill people.The EuropeanEnvironment Agencyestimates thatenvironmentalnoisein Europecauses12,000untimely deathsand48,000new casesof heartdisease peryear.What can be doneto addressthese problemsPerhaps amongthe scientific studies oftrends insonic loss,activism toadvocatefor justiceand policy-making toreduce noisepollution andhabitat destruction,we*d betteralso findspace tolisten.Just aswe goout withfriends tohear aconcert,might wedo thesame for the birdsinacity parkIn thissimple act,we mightfind inspirationandadirect connection to ourmore-than-human neighbors.
1.Whats themain ideaof paragraph2A.Reasons contributingto noise.B.Necessity ofprotecting nature.C.Factors disturbingsonic richness.D.Significance ofsonic diversity.
2.Why doesthe authorcite figuresin paragraph3A.To stressthe threatof noise.B.To advocateremoving noise.C.To arousepeoples healthawareness.D.To criticizethe developmentof cities.
3.What doesthe authorstress in the last paragraphA.People shouldmake practicalpolicies.B.People shouldconduct morescientificstudies.C.People shouldseek inspirationfrom aconcert.D.People shouldbuild bondswith othercreatures.
4.Which of the followingisasuitable titlefor thetextA.Can youhear whatI hearB.Where isthe soundtaking usC.Can yousmell somethingin natureD.How canwe protectthe environment答案［语篇解读］文章主要介绍了人类所在的世界的声音多样性遭到破坏的原因及噪音对人类的危害，并倡导人类与生物建立联系，倾听它们的声音主旨要义题根据第二段中的.”和
1.C“In someplaces,...from felledforests tooverfished oceans“Elsewhere,noiseis可知，第二段主要说明了破坏声音多样性的因素:栖息地被破坏以及人类制造的噪音the problem.”推理判断题第三段的数字表明了环境噪音导致的过早死亡人数和心脏病患者新增人数，由此可知，作者
2.A列举数字是为了强调噪音给人类带来的威胁推理判断题根据最后一段中的可知，
3.D“wed betteralso findspace tolisten...to ourmore than-human neighbors.作者在最后一段想告诉读者要倾听自然，与其他生物建立联系主旨要义题文章首先说明人类生活在一个充满各种声音的世界里，然而丰富的声音却遭到了破坏，接着
4.A介绍了声音遭到破坏的原因和噪音对人类的危害，最后倡导人类与生物建立联系，倾听它们的声音结合最后一段的建议.”可推断项“你能听到我听到的吗”为最佳标题“Just aswe…neighbors AA.They mayunderstand everythingwhile reading wider-spaced text.B.They mayreadfasterthan normalkids whilereadingwider-spaced text.C.They mayget freefrom dyslexiaafter increasingletterspacing.D.They mayfeelsingled out whileusing coloredlayouts for reading.
3.In whichcolumn of a newspapercanweprobably findthis passageA.Science study.B.Campus life.C.Star stories.D.Business.
4.What isthebesttitleforthetextA.Readers Tryto ImproveReading SpeedB.You JustNeed MoreSpaceC.Colored OverlaysAre HelpfulAids D.Dyslexia AffectsReading Speed答案［语篇解读］一项研究表明，增加字母间距有助于帮助有阅读障碍的人阅读，让他们的阅读速度更快推理判断题由第一段可知，与在合影中辨认朋友的脸有时很难一样，字母靠得太近也让人难以阅读，而研
1.C究表明加大字母间隔能帮助提高阅读速度并可能提高理解力，下文围绕这点展开讨论，因此可推知第一段的目的是引出文章的主题细节理解题由第四段中的（覆盖物）.”和倒数第二段中的
2.D“People withdyslexia...coloredoverlaysReaders可矢口，当有阅读障碍的人使用辅助物withdyslexiawont feelsingledoutby havingto usespecial aidsforreading.”阅读时，他们会感到与他人不同推理判断题由第一段中的和下文关于研究的说明可知，本文主要是介绍一项科
3.A“In fact,...understand more.”学研究，可能出现在报纸的“科学研究”专栏主旨要义题由第一段中的和第四段中的可知,本文主题
4.B“In fact,...understand more.”“However,...5percent.”为“增加字母间距能帮助人们阅读项“你只需要更多的空间”符合文意”,B
（二）话题:文化渊源Starting inearly January,15-year-old Abby Gagne spentsome weekendswalking throughsnow in the330acres ofwoodsaround herhouse tapping“trees.Abbys familyare sugar makers.For fivegenerations,her familyhave collected（汁液）（糖浆）sap from maple trees.They boilit downinto thethick sweetsyrup thatNorth Americanslove toapply ontheirpancakes.Abbys dad,Jason drillsholes
1.5inches deepinto thetrunks of maples in the woods.Sugar makerstap onlyoldertrees.These areusually atleast40years oldand10inches thickat chestheight.They sticka tapinto eachhole,usually onepertree.Taps madeof plasticare usedfor sapto flowthrough.Sap willcome outattheend of the season,andtheholes willreturnto health.Plastic tubeshook upto thetaps andconnect them tooneanother.The sapflows intoa collection tank inthe woods.From thecollectiontank,the Gagnespump thesap intoa machineto removea lotof thesaps water.Then itsmoved intoanevaporator ina buildingcalled the“sugar house”.The Gagnesmakeafire outof maplewood chips.The fireheats thesapand boilsit.When itreaches219degrees,the syrupis ready to be made.Syrup ispoured intoglass orplastic bottles.But150years ago,sugarmakers used tincans.These containerscouldprevent syrupfrom seepingout andallowed peopleto shipit farfrom homeand helpedmaple syrupbecome abig industry.Sugar makersshould thankNative Americansfor theirknowledge.White settlersas earlyas1600s learnedthe craftfrom the Ojibweand othertribes.Early nativetechniques weresimilar tothose sugarmakersusenow exceptthat theycollectedsap inbark bowlsbefore boilingit over an open fire.Either way,the resultingmaple syrupwas,and istasty.
1.What didAbby helpdo onweekendsA.Collect maplebranches.B.Drill holesinthewoods.C.Boil thethick sweetsyrup.D.Get sapfrommapletrees.
2.What isparagraph3mainly aboutA.The needof woodchips.B.The makeupofmapletrees.C.The processof making syrup.D.The techniqueof collectingsap.
3.What doesthe underlinedword“seeping in paragraph4probably meanA.Breaking.B.Blowing.C.Looking.D.Leaking.
4.What doesthe lastparagraph implyA.Syrup madeby Native Americans isthe tastiest.B.Americans have alonghistory ofmaking syrup.C.Todays sugarmakers oftenboil sapoveranopenfire.D.NativeAmericans*techniques ofmakingsyrupare lost.答案［语篇解读］文章主要讲述了一家人制作枫糖浆的过程以及美洲人制作枫糖浆的历史AbbyGagne细节理解题根据第一段内容可知,在周末帮助父母收集树液
1.D AbbyGagne主旨要义题根据第三段内容可知，该段主要介绍了制
2.C“Plastic tubeshook upto thetaps...readyto bemade.”作枫糖浆的过程猜测词义题根据上下文可知，罐头盒可以防止糖浆渗漏，便于他们将糖浆运到远离家乡的地方，即意
3.D seep为“渗漏，渗推理判断题根据最后一段.”可推知,美洲人制作枫糖浆的历史很悠久
4.B“Sugar makers…and istasty
（三）话题:科技发展With nationspreparing tospend billionsto redesigntheir citieswithanew focuson cycling,its worthrememberinghow the invention of the bicycle changed societies all over theworld.The persongenerally creditedwith inventingthe modernbicycle wasan Englishmannamed JohnKemp Starley.In1885,the30-year-old inventorbegan experimentingin hisworkshop witha chain-driven bicyclefeaturing twomuchsmaller wheels.When itfirst appearedatabicycle showin1886,his inventionwas regardedasacuriosity.But twoyearslater,whenthenext modelwas pairedwith the newly inventedrubber tire—which not only cushionedthe ridebut alsomadethenewbicycle about30percent faster-the resultwas magic.For a few years inthe1890s,almost anyonewanted tolearn toride,and almosteveryone did.The sultanof Zanzibartookup cycling.So didthe czarof Russia.But itwas themiddle andworking classesaround theglobe thattruly madethebicycle theirown.For thefirst timein history,the masseswere ableto comeand goas theypleased.No moreneed forexpensivehorses andcarriages.The rocketingdemand ledhundreds ofnew companiesaround theworld tooffer theirown versions.At theStanleyBicycle Showin Londonin1895,about200bicycle makersexhibited3,000models.One of the biggestmakers wasColumbiaBicycles,whose factoryin Hartford,Connecticut,could turnoutabicycle aminute thanksto itsautomated（流水线）一assembly linea pioneeringtechnology thatone daywould becomethe backboneoftheautomobile industry.By1898,a thirdof allpatent applicationsintheUS werebicycle-related.（基因）The bicycleeven improvedthe humangene pool.Newly liberatedyoung peoplerode aroundthe countrysideatwill,meeting upin distantvillages.Women wereespecially enthusiastic.They abandonedtheir troublesomeskirts andtooktotheroad ingroups.Marriage recordsinEnglandshow amarked risein inter-village marriagesduring the bicyclecraze ofthe1890s.
1.What canwe knowabout JohnKemp Starleysfirst modelA.It wasinvented in
1888.B.It hadtwo biggerwheels.C.It didnot haverubber tires.D.It wasaccepted immediately.A.In the1860s.B.In the1870s.C.In the1880s.D.In the1890s.
2.When werebicycles widelyadopted bythe public
3.What arethe statisticsinparagraph4mainly aboutA.The fast-growing demandfor bicycles.B.The hugesuccess ofthebicycleindustry.C.The greatconvenience offeredby bicycles.D.The popularityofthenewly inventedbicycles.
4.Which ofthe followingisasuitable titleforthetextA.How HaveBicycles ChangedOur WorldB.Which CountryInvented theFirst BicycleC.Who Isthe InventoroftheFirst BicycleD.What LedtotheGenetic Improvement答案［语篇解读］文章主要介绍了自行车的发明历史及其给世界带来的巨大影响推理判断题根据第二段中的可反推，他的第一代自行车是没有
1.C“But twoyears later,...the resultwas magic.“橡胶轮胎的细节理解题根据第三段中的
2.D Forafewyearsinthe1890s,almost anyonewantedtolearn toride,and almost及最后一段中的”可知，自行车是在世纪年代被大众广泛采everyone did.”“Marriage records...ofthe1890s.1990用的推理判断题根据第四段中的.及
3.B“The rocketingdemand...3,000models By1898,a thirdof allpatent applications可推断，本段主要是用数据说明该行业的空前繁荣intheUS werebicycle-related.”主旨要义题通读全文,特别是第一段
4.A“With nationspreparing...theinventionofthebicyclechangedsocietiesall可知，本文主要介绍了自行车的发明给世界带来的巨大影响overtheworld.”
（四）动物医学或商业实验In the19th century,an Arabphysician knownas IbnZuhr conductedsome animalresearch toassess thesurgicalprocedures thatcouldbeapplicable tohumans.Since then,animal testing has beenconsidered tobethemost efficientwayto developnew drugs.New medicaltreatments anddrugs aretested onanimals firstto determinetheir effectivenessorsafety levelsbefore theyare finallytested onhumans.However,it remainscontroversial whetheritismorally rightorwrong touse animals for medicalor commercialexperiments.The useof animalsfor medicalpurposes isseen tobe necessaryby manyscientists.Researchers usuallybegin theirtrialsusing rats.If thetests aresuccessful,further tests are doneon monkeysbefore usinghuman beings.For testing,such（分层的）tiered roundsare importantbecause itreduces thelevel oferror andany negativeside effects.Some argue thatanimal testinghas contributedto manylife-saving curesand treatmentsandthatthere isno adequatealternative totestingon aliving,whole-body system.Moreover,there areregulations foranimal testingthat limitthe misuseof animalsduringresearch,which servesas evidencethat animals are welltaken careof andtreated wellinstead ofbeing intentionallyharmed.（不人道However,some otherexperts andanimal welfaregroups haveopposed suchpractice,terming itinhumane的）and claimingit shouldbe banned.According to Humane Society International,animals used in experimentsarecommonly subjectedto force-feeding,radiation exposure,operations todeliberately causedamage andfrighteningsituations to create depression and anxiety.They alsohold theview that animals arevery differentfrom humanbeings and（关节therefore makepoor testsubjects.Drugs thatpass animal testsarenot necessarilysafe.Animal tests on the arthritis炎）drug Vioxxshowed thatit wouldhave aprotective effecton the hearts of mice,yet thedrug wentontocause morethan27,000heart attacksbefore beingpulled fromthe market.Its safeto saythat usinganimalsfortests willcontinue tobe debatedin manyyears tocome.Despite the benefits ofanimal testing,some ofthe animalwelfare organizations1concerns needtobeaddressed withadequate regulationstoensure thatanimalsare treated humanely.
1.Why isanimal testingconsidered necessaryA.Because ratsaremoresimilar tohumans thanmonkeys.B.Because othertesting alternativesmay notreplace theneed foranimals.C.Because animaltesting canspare humansany sideeffect.D.Because animaltestinghasbeen inpractice sincethe19th century.
2.What sufferingdo animalsgo throughduring experimentsA.Eating poisonousfood.B.Being killeddeliberately.C.Breathing inpolluted air.D.Having unnecessaryoperations.
3.What doesthe exampleVioxx inParagraph3tell usA.Arthritis ishard tocure.B.Some drugsneedtobe withdrawnfromthe market.C.Animal testscannot necessarilyproduce accurateresults.D.A drugshouldbetested manymore timesbefore itsrelease.
4.What actionwill theauthor probablyagree withA.Experts tryhard todetermine whetheranimaltestsare harmful.B.The authoritiesissue anew lawto guaranteeanimal rightsduring research.C.Scientists reducethe numberof animals usedinresearch.D.Relevant organizationsshow moreconcern about the animals1welfare.答案［语篇解读］语篇类型:议论文主题语境:人与社会主旨:把动物用于医学或商业实验在道德上是对是错还存在争议推理判断题根据第二段中
1.B Somearguethatanimaltestinghas contributedto manylife-saving curesand treatments.可知，动物实验被认为是必要的,andthatthere isno adequatealternative totesting onaliving,whole-body system因为其他的实验方法可能无法替代动物推理判断题根据第三段中
2.D AccordingtoHumaneSocietyInternational,animalsusedin experimentsare commonlysubjectedto force-feeding,radiation exposure,operations todeliberately causedamage andfrightening situationstocreate.可知，动物在实验中会遭受做不必要的手术的痛苦depressionandanxiety细节理解题根据第三段中
3.C Animaltestsonthearthritisdrug Vioxxshowed thatitwouldhaveaprotective effecton.可theheartsofmice,yet thedrug wentontocause morethan27,000heart attacksbefore beingpulled fromthemarket知，第三段中的例子告诉了我们动物测试不一定产生精确的结果Vioxx推理判断题根据最后一段中
4.B Despitethebenefitsof animaltesting,some ofthe animalwelfare organizations可知，作者可能会concerns needtobeaddressed withadequate regulationsto ensurethatanimalsaretreatedhumanely.赞成当局颁布新法律以保证研究期间的动物的权利
（五）社会与文化（脑中浮现）Courage isa highlyadmired virtue.When askedto describecourage,mostpeopleconjure upthe imageof an individualrunning intoa burningbuilding,or maybea herosaving theworld.But there*s anotherform ofbraverythat*smuchmore importantbecause it comes upmore often.Its calledmoral courage.Moral courageistheability thatallows us to faceour fearsand toconquer ourdarkest fears.Its theability toface thefuturewithout knowingwhat iscertain.Its theability tostand talland confrontthose whooppose usand thosewho preventusfrom realizingwho weare andwhat weare.But mostimportantly,it*stheability tostand upfor what*s right,eventhough thereare risksthat standin yourway.Sara Andersononce said,“It takesgreat courageto faithfully follow whatweknow tobe true.”The potentialof showingmoral couragehas thepower ofchanging theworld.It wasbecause ofmoral couragethatMahatma Gandhiwas abletomakeIndia freefrom Britishrule.He foughtbravely withoutthe useof anyweapon bypresentinggreat moral courage.In thisway,he alsobecame agreat exampleforthepeopleofthe wholeworld.It isnot thatweremember Gandhibecause ofhis bodyor beauty.We rememberhim becauseofthegreat ideas and principlesofhislife.Moral courageis essentialnotonlyforanoble life,but a happy one.Without moral courage,we haveno controloverour lives.Our fearsdestroy ourspirit andmake ustrapped indepression.Mark Twainsaid,Courage isresistance tofear,mastery offear-not absenceof fbar.If ourfears causeustolose confidenceinthepower ofvirtue,we willlose somethingveryprecious.People withmoral couragerarely getmedals,but itisthebest markerof truecharacter anda virtueothers canbeproud of.We musttry todevelop thepower ofmoral couragethat willsurely helpin endinginjustice andwrong andgrantus a better world.
1.What isthemainfunction ofparagraph1A.To makea comparison.B.To proposea definition.C.To providethe background.D.To introducethe subject.
2.What doesthe exampleof MahatmaGandhi tellusA.Moral couragerestricts greatideasandprinciples.B.Moral couragemakes peoplefaithfullyfollowthe truth.C.Moral courageis essentialfor leadingahappylife.D.Moral couragecanmakea differencetotheworld.
3.What canbe inferredfrom MarkTwains wordsA.Courage isa spiritthat canovercome thefear.B.Courage isbeing bravewithout anyfear.C.Having afear canlimit ourfuture lives.D.Fear canstop usfrom achievingour goals.
4.What doestheauthoradvise ustodointhelastparagraphA.To endinjustice andwrong.B.To strengthenmoral courage.C.To pursueexcellent virtues.D.To createa betterworld.答案［语篇解读本文主要阐述了什么是道德勇气以及道德勇气的重要性I
1.D推理判断题根据第一段中的“Courage isa highlyadmired virtue.”和But there!s...moral courage.可知,本段从勇气讲到了道德勇气且下文主要讲述了什么是道德勇气以及道德勇气的重要性所以，第一段的主要功能是引出话题推理判断题根据第三段中的可知，是由于甘地
2.D“The potentialof showingmoralcourage...from Britishrule.”有道德勇气，才使得印度独立由此推知道德勇气在改变世界方面起着重要作用推理判断题根据第四段中的话可知他认为勇气是抵抗和控制恐惧，由此推知，勇气是一种克
3.A MarkTwain服恐惧的精神细节理解题根据最后一段中的
4.B“We musttry todevelop thepower ofmoralcouragethat willsurely helpin ending可知，作者建议我们增强道德勇气injustice andwrong andgrant usabetterworld.”
（六）完善自我I cantstop thinkingaboutthe video ofa10-year-old girlfacing her fears atthetopofaski jump.Her fear,her（触动心弦）courage,her joy,her pride—the wholething hasreally strucka chordwith me.Ofcourse,thevideomakesme reflectonthe timeswhenIexperiencedthesimilarfeelings.I rememberhow atthose momentsevery cellin mybody（颤动）vibrated withlife.But italso remindsme ofthetimesI didntchoose themore riskyoptions.Pve alwaysbeen alittle bitofachicken whenitcomesto myphysical safetybut Idefinitely pushedmyself morewhenI wasyounger.Now thatIm amom,I feellike I have tostay safe.Iworryabout whatmy kidswould dowithout meandthat leadsmetomake safechoices.But asI watchthis fourthgrader overcomeherfears,I thinkabout howmuch thisexperience willmean toher inthefuture;shell alwayshave thisasareference pointwhen shecomes upagainst somethingscary ordifficult.Shell beable tolookbackonthis andsay,“Well,Ididthat andthe worstpart wasthe badfeeling atthebeginning.,,I knowI wantthatviewfor my8-year-old daughterand5-year-old son.I knowI wantthemtotake risks.Maybe noteveryday,maybe notski jumping,definitely notextreme sports,but Ideeply hopethat theywill pushthemselves totheirlimits,facing downfear withwhatever toolsthey canuse andenjoying thegreat rushthat comesfrom attemptingscarythings andgetting totheotherside ofthem.So ifI wantthat formy kids,Ihaveto honestlylook atmy ownrelationship withrisk andadmit thatI playit safe.AndI haveto askmyself anotherquestion:Am Idoing enoughOr doI needtomakesome changesin mylife sothat mydaughterand soncanbeinspired tomake theirown bravedecisionsl.How didtheauthorreact whenwatching thatvideo。
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