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英语二复习精要UNIT
1、1word studyobjective,acpany,argue,define（Dobjective⑴客观的，真实的⑵如实的，无偏见的a.We have to acceptthe objectivereality asit is.我们必须接受客观事实文学批评家在分析和The literarycritics should be as objective cspossible in analysis andjudgement.评价时应尽量不偏不倚目标，目的n.People workhard tocarry out the economic objectives of the NinthFive-Year Plan.人们为了实现第九个五年规划的经济目标而努力工作My objectivefor thepresent is to passthe oralexam.我目前的目标是通过口试
②acpany＞伴随，陪同；、为…伴奏vt./vi.l2The singerwas acpaniedon thepiano by his pupil.演唱者由他的学生担任钢琴伴奏The lonelyold manis acpaniedby hisdog.这位孤独的老人让他的狗作伴All ordersmust be acpanied withcash.所有的订货单必须随附现金
③argue争辩，争论，辩论vt./vi.作不及物动词用时，后边可以接或（赞成）或（反对）with,about over,for againstShe is alwaysready to argue over the smallest issues.她总喜欢为极小的问题进行争论He often argues philosophywith James.他常和詹姆斯讨论哲学He arguedfor immediateaction.他主张立即行动They arguedagainst such a policy.他们反对这种政策、说服；、用辩论说服vt.l2（）说服某人做（不做）某事argue into out ofdoing sth..I arguedhim out of goingon sucha dangerousjourney.我说服他不做这样危险的旅行He arguedHat man was descendedfrom apes.他论证人类的祖先是猿©define解释，给下定义；、限定，规定vt.K2我们坚决反对这场肮脏的政治交易
④burden、担子，负担；、责任，义务n.l2She borethe wholeburden ofraising twochildren.她一个人负起抚养两个孩子的全部责任The buidenof runningthe factoryis tooheavy forhis failinghealth.管理这家工厂的重担对他日益恶化的健康来说是太重了.使负重担；麻烦，劳累vtThe mother was burdenwith worries.妈妈忧心忡忡Students areheavily burdenedwith homeassignments.学生家庭作业负担过重
⑤open up、打开；、开办，开辟，开发；、坦诚地或无拘无束地谈话123They openedup hisstomach to get at the sourceof thetrouble.他们给他的胃开了刀，以找出病根They openedup amine in the remoteareas.他们在那个偏远地区开了矿They decided to open up abusiness in the town.他们决定在城里开一家店The girldecidedtoopenupand tellus everything.这个女孩决定坦诚地告诉我们一切、常考句型
2、范万德尔重病在身，再也不能说清楚话，他知道他没有康复的希望，身体状况正在急剧恶化1P2Affected with a seriousdisease,van Wendalwas nolonger able to speakclearly and he knewthere wasnohope ofrecovery and that hiscondition wasrapidly deteriorating.、在让自己的医生注射最后结束生命的那一针之前，范万德尔生命中的最后三个月被拍摄了下2来，去年在荷兰电视上首次播出P3Van WendePslast threemonths of life beforebeing givena final,lethal injectionby hisdoctor werefilmedand firstshown ontelevision lastyear in the Netherlands.、从那时开始，已有多个国家买下了这个节目，每次播放都引起了对这一话题的全国性大320辩论P3The programmehas sincebeen boughtby20countries andeach timeit isshown,it starts a nationwidedebateOK the subject.、那些反对安乐死的人实际在告诉我，临终者没有这个权利4P9What thosepeople whooppose euthanasiaare tellingme is that dying people haventthe right.、习题3词汇英译汉L.weaken.deteriorate.debate.legal,request.criterion.ensure.oppose traditionconsiderationdisabled.burden vulnerableprohibition sensitive词组.to debate on.to makerequest fbrbe opposedto.to take...into account.句子英译汉（重点句）2Affected with a seriousdisease,van Wendalwas nolonger able to speakclearly andhe knewtherewas nohope ofrecovery and that hiscondition wasrapidly deteriorating.Van WendePslast threemonths of life beforebeing givena final,lethal injectionbyhisdoctor werefilmedand firstshown ontelevision lastyear in the Netherlands.The programmehas sincebeen boughtby20countries andeach timeit isshown,it startsanationwide debate on the subject.What thosepeople whooppose euthanasiaare tellingme is that dyingpeople haventthe right.The guidelinesdemand that the patientis experiencingextreme suffering,that there is nochanceof acure,and that the patienthas maderepeated requestsfor euthanasia.I think that anythingthat legallyallows theshortening of life doesmake thosepeople morevulnerable..句子汉译英3P.59安乐死的确能解除临终病人的痛苦Euthanasia canreally helprid thedying patientsof extremesuffering.Euthanasia doesrelease thedyingpeoplefrom theirsuffering.你知道不知道荷兰是欧洲唯一允许安乐死的国家？Do youknow that the Netherlandsis theonly countryin Europethat permitseuthanasia支持这一观点的医生并不意味着他们不关心病人Those doctorswho supportthe ideanever meanthey dontcare about/fbr patients.在第一个医生诊断疾病之后，必须由另外一名医生确认病情After thefirst doctor has diagnosedthe illness,a seconddoctor mustconfirm the case.反对者认为病人并不一定真正希望结束生命，可能请求之后另有他求Opponents thinkpatients may not reallywant toend theirlives,and probablythere is anotherrequest behindthe request.、历年试题
41.The filmshow CeesVan Wendelsdeath wasboth movingand sensitive.
99.10答案考点是现在分词作定语修饰showing.showing theElm.
2.Each time the programmerof VanWendals lastdays beforeeuthanasia wasshowed on TV,itstarts anationwide debatethesubject.
99.10A.forB.againstC.onD.of答案考点词组对…的争论c.debateon汉译英每次播放这个节目，都引起对此话题的全国性大辩论
3.
99.10答案Each timeit isshown,this programstartsanationwide debateon thesubject.汉译英据说那个病人曾要求医生助他一死
4.
00.10答案The patientis saidto have asked the doctor to help him die.或者It issaid that the patienthas askedthedoctorto helphimdie.UNIT
4、1word studyexploit,campaign,execute,deserve,status,bring overexploit1＞开发，开采；、利用；、剥削vt.l23A mineis exploitedfor itsminertals.开发矿山是为了采矿The studentexploits everypossibility tolearn English.这个学生利用一切可能性学英语The panyexploited itsworkers withlong hours and lowpay.该公司用长工时、低工资的方法来剥削工人campaign2＞战役；、运动，参选运动n.l2The Huai-Hai Campaignwas essentialto thevictory of the Warof Liberation.淮海战役对解放战争的胜利至关重要Our countryis launchinga campaignagainst waste.我们国家正在开展反浪费运动His presidentialcampaign succeededandhewon the election.总统竞选运动取得成功，他当选了.参加运动，参加竞选活动viThey werecampaigning to keep thelocal schoolopen.他们为使当地学校不致关闭而奔走活动The candidatesfor presidentcampaigned bysending outletters tovoters andspeaking atpublic meeting.总统候选人通过向选民发信和群众集会上讲演来竞选.使参加运动；对进行活动vtJoan iscampaigning thegovernment forequal rightsfor women.琼对政府进行活动，要求给予妇女同等权利3execute实行，执行，完成，贯彻；、将处死vt.K2All orderswere immediatelyexecuted.所有的命令都立即执行了Your orderwill beexecuted asearly as possible.你的命令将尽早执行The pianistexecuted thepiece ofmusic perfectly.这位钢琴家把这首曲子演奏得完美极了The criminalwas executedafter thetrial.审判后罪犯即被处死deserve4应受，值得宾语可用名词，动词或动词不定式vt.He certainlydeserves praise.他的确应受表扬Our banddeserves rankingwith thebest in this country.我们的乐队在国内当之无愧属于一流He deserves to be sent toprison.他应该被送去坐牢由变成的形容词后边用介词deserve deservingofThe robberis deservingof capitalpunishment.这个强盗应处极刑The oldman wasreally deservingof pity.那个老人家实在值得可怜status
5、情形，状况；、地位，身份n.l2We should be alwaysaware of the status of worldaffairs.我们应该时刻关注世界形势None willquestion hisstatus as a scholar.没有人会怀疑他的学者身份We shouldraise thestatusofwomen insociety.我们应该提高妇女的社会地位bring over
6、把带来；、使转变12Next summerhe hopes to bringhis familyover from the unitedstates.他希望明年夏天把家属从美国带来My fatheris alwaystrying tobring me over to his wayof thinking.我的父亲总想使我接受他的思想方法、重点句型
2、据估计，有多海外来的家庭佣人在英国工作120000P1表”There areestimated to be more than20,000overseas domesticservants working in Britain.There be存在”的句型、在这人中，将近人正受着她们的雇主的剥削和虐待2200002000P1Of these20,000,just under2000are beingexploited and abused by their employers.、在今年早些时候的几个广为报道的事例中，全世界女佣的悲惨处境得到新闻媒体的很大关注3P3The sadcondition ofwomen working as domesticsaround the world received much media attentionearlier thisyear in several highlypublicized cases.、一名菲律宾女佣因被指控犯有谋杀罪而在新加坡遭处决，尽管各地都抗议说她的犯罪事实不4能充分确定P3A Filipinomaid wasexecuted inSingapore afterbeing convictedof murder,despite protestsformvarious quartersthat herguilt hadnot been adequately established.、她曾在斯里兰卡一家茶厂挣一份十分微薄的工资5P5She used to workfor a very lowwage at a teafactory inSri Lanka.、因为她发现很难养活自己的个孩子，所以接受了一件在伦敦当佣人的工作64P5Because shefound itdifficult tofeed herfour children,she accepteda jobworking asa domesticinLondon.、因此如果她们提出申诉，她们就有被驱逐出境的危险7So ifthey doplain,they riskbeing deported.、习题
3.单词英译汉1domestic,statistic,diplomat,exploit,campaign,execute,convict,despite,deserving,shelf,minimum,status,deport,,句子英译汉21There areestimated to be morethan20,000overseas domesticservants workingin Britain.2Of these20,000Just under2,000are beingexploited and abused by their employers.3The sadcondition ofwomen working as domesticsaround theworld receivedmuch mediaattentionearlier thisyear inseveral highlypublicized cases.4A Filipinomaid wasexecuted inSingapore afterbeing convictedof murder,despite protestsformvarious quartersthat herguilt hadnot beenadequately established.5She usedto workfor a very lowwage at a teafactory inSri Lanka.6Because shefound itdifficult tofeed herfour children,she accepteda jobworkingasadomestic inLondon.7So ifthey doplain,they riskbeing deported.8This includedincreasing theminimum age of employeesto18,getting employeesto readandunderstand anadvice leaflet,getting employersto agreeto provideadequate maintenanceand conditions,and to put inwriting themain termsand conditionsof the job of which theemployees shouldsee acopy.9For themain problemfacing overseasmaids anddomestics whotry toplain aboutcruelliving and working conditionsisthat they donot haveindependent immigrantstatus andso cannotchangeemployer.10It is,they say,the rightto changeemployers whichdistinguishes employmentfrom slavery..句子汉译英3处理有关事务的政府部门没有做统计1The governmentdepartment thatdeals withrelevant affairsdoes notkeep statistics.正因为她无法养家才同意做家仆2It wasbecause shefound itdifficult tofeed herfamily thatshe accepteda jobworkingasadomestic.她是一名沙特外交官直接从菲律宾雇到伦敦来工作的3She washired bya Saudidiplomat directlyfrom thePhilippines to work inLondon.家仆的工作状况得到了新闻媒介的关注4The conditionsof workingas domesticshave receivedmedia attention.雇主们总是威胁要把我们遣送回国5The employersalways threatenedto sendus back to ourcountries.、历年试题
41.When theyget out of prison,they increasethe levelof theircriminal behavior.答案考点时间状语从句中主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来从句will increase.谓语动词是一般现在时，所以从句用get willincrease
2.At theend of1994the BritishGovernment introducednew measuretohelpdomestic workersfrom abuseby their employers.A.protect B.suspect C.expect D.inspect答案是考点是保护…免受…A.protect•••from
3.their differences,they fellpassionately inlove with each other.A.As forB.Owing toC.Despite D.Through答案.考点表示让步的关系本句的意思是尽管他们之间有分歧，但他们彼此深despiteC爱对方Translation许多家庭佣人受到雇主的剥削和虐待
1.答Many domesticservants areexploited andabused bytheiremployers.自去年以来，女佣们的悲惨境况已受到媒体密切关注
2.答The badcondition of the womanservants hasreceivedmuchmediaattentionsince lastyear.•他经常威胁我，说要将我遣送回国3答He alwaysthreatened that he wouldsend meback tomy country.她曾在一家茶叶厂工作，工资很低
4.答She usedtoworkfor avery lowwage ata teafactory.据估计有两万多名外国家佣在英国工作
5.答It isestimated that there are morethan20,000overseas domesticservants workingin Britain.UNIT
5、1word studytransformation,originate,penetrating,take overtake ontransformation1＞变化，转化；、改造，改革n.l2His brainoperation causeda greattransformation inhis character.脑手术大大改变了他的性格The transformation of abackward countryinto anadvanced countryrequires thepainstaking effortsofseveral generations.将一个落后的国家改变为发达国家需要几代人的艰苦努力一个The socialand politicaltransformationof a countryis essentialto the development of the society.国家的社会和政治改革对社会的发展非常重要originate2发源；发生，发起vi./vt.All theoriesoriginate frompractice and in turnserve practice.所有的理论都来源于实践，并反过来为实践服务The use of steamoriginated manyother reforms.蒸汽的使用引起了许多其它的革新penetrating3穿透的，贯穿的；、深刻的，透彻的a.k2They walkedagainst thepenetrating wind.他们迎着刺骨的寒风行走Her penetratingvoice frightenedthe littleboy.她刺耳的嗓子把小男孩吓坏了Swifts workswere mostpenetrating andpowerful.斯威夫特的作品极为深刻有力take over
4、接管，接任；、把从一处运到另一处12The youngdoctorhastaken overduties of the old.年轻医生已接替了老医生的工作When Mr.Green retired,his son took over the businessfrom him.格林先生退休后，由他儿子接管他的生意Mr.Brown tookmeover to theisland inhis steamboat.布朗先生用他的汽艇把我送到该岛take on
5、具有，担任（工作等）；、雇佣12The diseasetook on some specialcharacteristics.那种疾病具有一些特殊的特征He hastaken on a newjob.他已承担了一项新工作The employertakes ontwenty moreworkers.那位雇主又雇佣了名工人
20、重点句型
2、新音乐是从已有的音乐中产生的1P1The newmusic wasbuilt outof materialsalready inexistence.、民间音乐，既有古老又有现代的，在大学生中颇为流行2XX P1Folk music,old andmodern,was popular among college students.、他们自由地吸收爵士乐、美国乡村音乐的成分3P2They freelytook overelements fromjazz,from Americancountry music.、在家里欣赏唱片的时候，听众尽力模仿照明效果4P4With recordsat home,listeners imitatedthese lightingeffects asbest theycould.、习题3（-）单词、词组英译汉musician rhythmicdistinct consciousnessoriginate readilyinstrument electronicthereby passiveparticipantto take placeto take over totake onin asenseat a stretch toserve asin advancefor thesake of
（二）英译汉
1.The newmusic wasbuilt outof materialsalready inexistence.
2.Folk music,old andmodern,was popularamong collegestudents.
3.They freelytook overelements formjazz,from Americancountry music.
4.With recordsat home,listeners imitatedthese lightingeffects asbest theycould.
1.1nasense,men of this kindbegin notso muchwith amusical themeas with a pletedposition.
6.Most poserssince Beethovensday belongto thissecond type.
7.Men likePalestrina andBach belonginthiscategory.
（三）汉译英这一章是关于热能转化成动力的The chapteris about the transformationof heatinto power.一群人自发地聚集在事故现场A group of peoplegot togetherspontaneously atthe sceneof theaccident.这次争吵是由误会引起的The quarreloriginated from a misunderstanding.年后，军队接管了这个城市1949The armytook overthis cityafter
1949.为了你的健康，你不应该承担太繁重的工作For your health,you shouldavoid takingontoomuch work.、历年试题
41.In theprocess ofposition,it isnt easyto beinspired in a spontaneousway forlong periodsastretch..A.at B.for C.over D.in答案是考点词组一口气，连续不断的a oatastretch.汉译英新音乐是由业已存在的材料构建出来的2答案The newmusic wasbuilt outof materialalready inexistence.汉译英那时在大学生中流行的正是民间音乐
3.XX答案It wasfolk musicthat waspopularamongcollegestudentsat thattime.汉译英不用说我们现在已不是生活在传统社会
4.答案It goes without sayingthat weare notliving in a traditionalsociety.新音乐起源于布鲁斯、摇滚乐和民间音乐
1.答The newmusic originatedfrom blues,rock androll andfolk music.民间音乐表现和平、友谊和希望
2.答Folk musicexpresses peace,friendship andhope.•他们已不再是被动的听众而是积极的参与者3答Instead ofpassive audience,they havebee activeparticipants.•他们自由地从不同的音乐来源中吸取元素4答They freelytook overelements formdiverse musicsources.新音乐采取多种形式，几乎具有无限的表现力
5.答The newmusic maytakeonvarious formsand becapable of expressing analmost limitlessrange.UNIT
6、1word studyspray,cast,expose,switch,criticalspray
1、水花，浪花；、喷雾，喷雾状物n.l2The sprayof thewaterfall isvery beautiful.瀑布的水花飞溅，非常漂亮A sprayof bulletshit thetree behindwhich hewas hiding.一阵喷射的子弹打中了他藏身其后的那棵树.喷，向喷射，喷涂vtFruit treesare sprayedregularly.果树应定期喷上杀虫剂The studentssprayed questionsattheteacher.学生们连珠炮似的向老师提出一个又一个问题cast2vt.K投，扔，抛，掷（at）；
2、投射（光，影，视线等）（on,at）；
3、浇铸，铸造The boycast astone atthe dog.那个男孩向那条狗扔了块石头His wordscast a new lighton the problem.他的话题使人们对这个问题有了新的认识The robotcan caststeel afterbeing reprogrammed.在重新设定程序之后，机器人能浇铸钢材投，掷；、模具；、演员（阵容）n.k23The BeijingTheatre ofPeoples Arthas avery strongcast.北京人民艺术剧院有很强大的演员阵容expose3使暴露，使面临；、揭露，揭发vt.K2The workswere exposed to allkinds ofweather.工人们经受风吹雨打We shouldbe awareof thedangers ofexposing childrento violenceonTV.我们应当意识到儿童接触有关暴力电视节目的危害He has been widelyexposed to the publicon thetelevision.他经常在电视上向公众露面The mistakesof the past mustbe exposedwithout anyreserve.对以前的错误一定要毫无保留地揭发switch
4、开关，转换器；、（思路、话题等的）转换n.l2It istwo-way switch.这是个双向开关He has made aswitch of support fromone politicalparty to another.他已从支持一个政党转而支持另一个政党vi.k转换，改变（思路、话题等）；
2、接通电流（on）,切断电流（off）We switchedthe discussionto anothertopic.我们换了一个讨论题目Entering the room,he switchedthe lighton.一进房间，他就把灯打开了转换,变换（（））vt.switch overto（）He switchedovertomedicine andgraduated in
1980.他改学医科，于年毕业1980
⑤criticala.K批评（性）的，批评（性）的；
2、对表示谴责，对感到不满的（of）；
3、紧要的，关键性的，危急的He is a manwitha critical eye.他是一个具有批判眼光的人It takesyears todevelop onescritical ability.培养评论能力要很长时间The oldmanwascritical of the boysimpolite behaviour.那个老人不满意男孩的不礼貌行为The patientscondition iscritical.病人情况危急、重点句型
2、目前多数机器人用于汽车工业，它们按编制的程序承担轿车和卡车车身的焊接和喷漆这一类1的工作P2Most oftoday*s robotsare employedin the automotive industry,where they are programmed to takeoversuch jobsas weldingand spraypainting automobileand truckbodies.、机器人也开始在别的工业部门应用，虽然应用的程度低一些2P3Robots,already takingover humantasks in the automotivefield are beginning to be seen,although toa现在分词短语作定语lesser degree,in otherindustries as well.、在核电站使用的机器人处理放射性材料，避免人员接触放射性物质3P3The robotsused innuclear powerplants handlethe radioactivematerials,preventing humanpersonnelfrom beingexposedtoradiation.、机器人于自动化机器不同之处在于机器人完成某一特定任务后，可由计算机重新编制程序去4完成另一项任务P4Robots differfrom automatic machines in that after pletion of one specific task,they canbereprogrammed bya puterto doanother one.、在微电子和计算机技术上有专长的工程人员正研制机器人的人工视觉5P5Engineers skilledin microelectronicsand putertechnology aredeveloping artificialvision forrobots.、机器人有了“看”的能力便能在一堆不同类物体中辨别和检查出某一特定类物体6P5With theabilityto nseen,robots canidentify andinspect onespecific classof objectsoutof a stackof differentkindsof materials,tosee不定式作后置定语、任何想要了解未来工业的人必须要了解机器人7P7Anyone wantingto understand the industry of the future will haveto know about robotics.、习题3Work isdefined asthe productof aforce and the distancethrough whichits point of licationmoves in thedirection of the force.功的定义是力和力的着力点沿力的方向移动的距离的乘积He hasdefined hisposition on the issues.他已表明自己在这些问题上的立场、常考句型
2、决策是在现有的可选做法中所做的选择1P1A decisionis achoice madefrom amongalternative coursesof actionthat areavailable.、管理者经常必须对未来的情况下做出最佳的猜测，尽量不存侥幸2P2Often managersmust make a best guess at what the future will be andtry to leave aslittle aspossible tochance.、如果没有选择，就无决策可言3P3If there is nochoice,there is no decisionto be made.、对于管理者而言，每次决策都受到政策、程序、法律、惯例等待因素的制约4P3For managers,every decisionhas constraintsbased onpolicies,procedures,laws,precedents,and thelike.、例如，管理者有时以非此即彼的方式来处理问题5P4For example,managers sometimestreat problemsin aneither/or fashion.、决策者们必须有办法决定数个可选项中的哪一个是最好的一哪一个对组织目标的实现起作用6最大P6Decision makersmust have some wayof determiningwhich ofseveral alternativesis best-that is,whichcontributes the most to the achievementof organizationalgoals.、就更大的系统来说，增加研究经费以便改进产品，对该组织更有益7P6In thelarger schemeof things,however,increased fundingfor research to improvethe productsmight bemorebeneficial to the organization.、有些目标比另一些目标更重要，但其排序和重要性则因人和部门而异8P7Some of these objectivesaremoreimportant thanothers,but theorder anddegree ofimportance oftenvaryform personto personand fromdepartment todepartment.、习题
3.单词英译汉1goal,objective,acplish,predict,acpany,implement,tendency,achievement,argue,budget,define,entity,.词组英译汉2in the way,in part,pointofview,contribute to,to lyfor,in hand,to turndown.句子英译汉3与常考句型相同汉译英
4.Text A决策者应该能够对将来作出最好的推测Decision makersshouldbe ableto makea bestguess atwhat the future will be.有人认为经理们所作的一切均与决策有关Some peoplebelieve almosteverything a manager does involves decision.没有正确的选择就没有正确的决定If there is no proper choice,thereisnoproperdecision.一.单词、词组英译汉efficiency increasinglyinstall personnelexpose reductionpletion specificswitch critical intensityscale defectivein thatin questionplenty of
三、汉译英.近几年，机器人的应用越来越广泛和深入1In recent years,the use of robotsis beingincreasingly wider and deeper.Robots are used more and morewidely anddeeply in recentyears.Robots havebeen increasinglyused widerand deeperinrecentyears..新开发的机器人有触觉，可以看见物体，还能做决定2The newly-developed robotshave asense oftouch,are ableto seeobjects,and canmake decisionaswell..机器人在汽车行业应用广泛3Robots are employed widelyin theautomotive industry.The use of robotsin theautomotive industryis prevalent..感光材料、数字照相机都是照相器材4Light-sensitive materialsand digitalcameras are all photographicequipment..机器人与自动化机器有重大的区别5There is a significantdifference between robots and automaticmachines.There are major differencesbetweenrobotsandautomaticmachines.、历年试题
41.Most todays robotsareemployedin theautomotive industry,________________they are programmedtotakeoversuch jobsas weldingand spraypainting.
99.4A.as B.which C.when D.where答案考点引导的非限定定语从句，修饰D.where automotiveindustry
2.Robots differfrom automaticmachines in afterpletionof onespecifictask,they canbereprogrammed to be anotherone.
00.4A.which B.that C.how D.whether答案考点复合连词引导原因状语从句，表示“在于”B.in that
3.Robots,already takingover humantasks in theautomotivefield,arebeginning_see inotherindustries aswell.
00.
401.10答案考点所以用动词不定式，而且用被动式to be seen beginto dosth.
4.Anyone__want to understand theindustryof thefuturewillhaveto knowaboutrobotics.
00.
1001.4答案考点动词现在分词作定语修饰wanting anyone
5.The nationsthat activelyinvolvein earthquakeprediction programsinclude Japan,China,Russia,and theUnited States.答案考点词组are involvedbe involved in sth.汉译英机器人将要在哪些领域替代人的工作呢？
6.
00.10答案In whatfield willrobots takeover humantasks
7.It is not yetknown puterswill one day havevision asgood ashuman vision.A.whether B.if C.that I,how答案考点引导的主语从句A.whether
8.Robots,bee increasinglyprevalent in factories andindustrial plantsth roughoutthe developedworld,are programmedand engineeredto performindustrial taskswithout humaninte rvention.答案考点现在分词作状语being
9..Robots,beingincrease prevalentinfactories,areprogrammedand engineered答案increasingly汉译英今年来，计算机在各个领域的应用越来越广泛
10.答案In recentyears,the puteris findingwiderandwider licationin allfields.UNIT
7、1word studyattach,underlie,relevant,positiveattach1固定住，系；、附加，隶属；、把重点放在；、使喜爱，使依恋vt.K234You haveto attacha labeltoabox whileposting it.邮寄箱子时需在箱子上贴上标签They provideaid withno conditionsattached.他们提供无附加条件的援助We shouldattach primaryimportance toa firmand correctpolitical orientation.我们要把坚定正确的政治方向放在第一位He wasstrongly attachedto hishome.他对他的家恋恋不舍underlie2支撑；构成理论，政策，行为等的基础vt.Careful planningunderlies allmy decisions.我的全部决定是以周密计划为根据的What underlieshis lackof interestin work什么造成了他对工作缺乏兴趣？There weredeeper tensionsunderlying last weeks strike.上星期的罢工背后潜伏着更为深刻的紧张局势relevant3a.l、贴切的，中肯的；
2、与有关的（to）This is a relevantquestion.这是一个中肯的问题This pointisnotreally relevantand wehad bettermove on.这一点并没有什么关联，咱们还是接着谈别的吧We shouldmake our lives relevant[otheneeds of the country.我们应该使个人生活与国家的需要挂起钩来All evidencerelevant to the caseshouldbegathered andanalyzed.所有与本案有关的证据均应搜集和分析positive4明确的，确实的；、积极的，肯定的；、正的，阳性的a.k23He gavepositive instructions.他给了明确的指示I wonderif hecan providepositive proof.我不知道他是否能够提供有力的证据Light is a positivething;darkness isonly theabsence of light.光是确实存在的东西，而黑暗只是没有光Who cangive apositive answer谁能给一个肯定的答复？He alwayshas somepositive ideason panypolicy.他对公司的政策总有一些建设性的意见The testis positivewhich showsa particulardisease ispresent.化验的结果呈阳性，说明确实得了某种病、重点句型
2、生活在先进的工业化社会的人们越来越关心休闲的机会1P
1、人People inadvanced industrialsocieties are increasingly concerned with opportunities for leisure.2们赋予带薪休假的重要性和大众娱乐服务的快速发展是日益关注这一问题的标志P1Theimportance peopleattach topaid holidaysand therapid development of servicesfor massentertainmentand recreationare signsofthis increasing concern.、对休闲的具体利用人与人不同3P4The specificuse ofleisure varies from individualte individual.、由于休闲基本上是自己决定的事，个人就可以培养自己的兴趣和爱好，并以能为自己带来享4受和满足的方式参与某项活动P6Since leisure is basicallyself-determined,one is abletotake to ones interestsand preferencesand getinvolvedin an activity in ways that will bring enjoyment and satisfaction.、基本上说，上述态度等同于一个认识休闲是生活的一个重要方面；等同于一个信念休闲5能够并且应该充分利用P7Basically,such attitudesamount toa recognitionthat leisureis animportant areaof lifeand ofa beliefthatleisure canand shouldbe putto gooduse.、比如，学校鼓励参加游戏、运动和文化活动的程度和方式可能对形成学生的休闲态度起一定6的作用P9For example,the degreeto which andtheways inwhichaschool encouragesparticipation ingames,sports andcultural pursuits are likelyto contribute to theshaping ofleisure attitudeson thepart of thestudents.、学校常常把达到个人均衡发展设定为它们的教育目的7P10Schools usuallyset astheir educationalobjective theattainment ofa balanceddevelopmentof the person.、对此追求得越认真，就越可能鼓励人们对待休闲和学术工作持积极态度8P10The moreseriously thisis sought,the morelikely positiveattitudes towardsleisure aswell asacademicwork will be encouraged.、习题3
一、英译汉重点单词词组I.research
2.attach
3.underlie
4.relevant
5.positive
6.possession
7.desirable
8.relaxation
9.occupation
10.urbanII.acquire
12.participationbe concerned with berelevant toto set...asobjective
二、英译汉重点句子.与重点句型相同1〜8
三、汉译英•生活质量这一术语涉及很广泛1The termnqualityof life1covers avery widescope..在生活节奏快，工作压力大的社会中，放松一下有利于健康2In afast-paced stressfulsociety,it isgood forhealth toset asidesome time to relaxoneself.Its goodforones healthto findtimetorelax ina societyof fast-paced andstressful work..人们的兴趣和爱好与社会环境和个人学习经历有关3People*s interestsand hobbiesare related to social contexts andtheir learningexperiences.Peoples interestsand preferencesareallrelatedtosocialcontextsand individuallearningexperiences..积极的休闲态度是鼓励人们创造性地利用空闲时间的基础4The positiveattitude towardsleisureis the foundationto encouragepeoples creativeuse of theirspare time.A positiveleisure attitudeis thefoundation formotivating peopleto usetheir leisureinacreativeway..研究与观察结果表明，人们越来越关心生活的质量5The findingsof researchand observationindicate that people aremore andmore concerned with thequalityof life.Observations andresearches indicatethatpeopleareincreasingly concernedwith the qualityoflife.、历年试题
41.A goodschedule musthavealittle giveso thatspecial projectscantake careof properly.
99.4答案考点情态动词的被动语态be taken
2.Since leisureis basicallyself-determined,one shouldget involvedanactivityinwaysthatwillbringenjoymentandsatisfaction.
99.4A.in B.of C.towards D.with答案考点词组参与…；卷入…A.get/be involvedin
3.The importanceof thesevaryaccording to the nature of one,s joband ones lifestyle.
99.10答案考点一般现在时单数第三人称形式varies
4.This will not onlykeep the study habitalive but also keepyou up to dateonyour class assignments答案and projects.答案考点与后的词的形式应一致keep onot onlybut also
5.The specificuse ofleisure from individual to individual.
00.4A.ranges B.distinguishes C.varies D.covers答案分析此题考查不及物动词的用法搭配为各不相同Co varyvary…from…to
6.The moretime youwaste,the_______easy it is tocontinue wastingtime.
00.4答案考点句型，表示“越…越…”easier the more…the more
7.Such attitudesamount toa beliefleisure canand shouldbe putto gooduse.
01.4A.which B.if C.whether D.that答案考点引导同位语从句修饰that othat belief
8.This willnot onlykeep thestudy habitalive but also keep you uptoonyou rclassassignmentsandprojects.
01.4A.day B.date C.number D.time答案考点词组最新的，表示跟得上….Bo upto datekeepyouuptodate汉译英人们越来越关注休闲的机会
9..
99.4答案People areincreasingly concernedwith opportunitiesfor leisure.汉译英众所周知，即使同样的休闲活动，不同的人使用的方式也不同
10.
00.4答案It iswell knownthat eventhe sameleisure activitymay beused differentb ydifferent individuals.在工业化国家人们越来越关心休闲的机会
1.答People in the industrializedcountries areincreasinglyconcernedwith opportunitiesforleisure.为什么他们对带薪休假那么重视呢？
2.答Why dothey attachso muchimportance topaid holidays对休闲的具体利用是因人而异的
3.答The specificuse ofleisure variesfromindividualtoindividual.我们所接触的人可能对我们休闲态度产生某种影响
4.答The peoplewith whomwe einto contactmay exertsome influenceon ourattitud estoward leisure.学校教育的目的之一是使学生得到均衡发展
5.答One of the educationalobjectives ofschool is to attaina balanceddevelopmen tof students.UNIT
8、1word studyproceeding,alarm,promoteproceeding
1、程序，进程；、【】项目，活动，会议文集n.l2plThat isby nomeans thebest wayof proceeding.那决不是最好的行动方式He openedtoday9s proceedingsinseveralshort sentences.他简短地说了几句就开始了今天的会议He broughtdivorce proceedingsagainst hiswife.他诉请与妻子离婚The proceedingswere published6months after the conference.论文集已于会议结束后半年出版alarm
2、警报；、惊恐n.l2The alarmsystem wentwrong andcreated afalse alarm.报警系统失灵，引起一场虚惊He didnttake alarmatthe news.他听到消息后并不吃惊、向报警，使警觉；、使惊恐，打扰vt.l2I wasquite alarmedlast nightatthecry of“fire”.昨晚有人大呼救火，使我大吃一惊Heavy trucksalarmed oneall night.载重汽车声整夜使人不得安宁3promote＞促进，发扬；、提升，升级；、发起，创办vt.l23He waspromoted todirector.他被提升为厂长It isbelieved thattaking awalk aftermeals promotedigestion.人们认为饭后散步促进消化The salesmanpromotes thesales ofremote-control TVsets andVCRs.那个推销员推销遥控电视机和录像机The pianistpromoted agrand benefitconcert.那个钢琴家筹办了一次盛大的义演音乐会、常考句型
2、喷气飞行时差综合症是每个乘坐国际航班旅行的人在某个时候都会碰到的问题1P1The problemof Jet Lag iserne everyinternational traveleres acrossat sometime.、乘飞机旅行对身体的影响实际上远比我们意识到的更让人失调2P2The effects of rapid travel on the body are actuallyfar moredisturbing than we realize.、他后来把自己在谈判中的判断失误归咎于时差3P3He laterblamed hispoor judgmenton JetLag.、既然我们懂得了喷气飞机时差综合症是怎么回事，我们就能够在解决它方面有所作为4P5Now that we understandwhat JetLag is,we cango someway toovering it.、另一个定时系统在我们的体内时钟内，这些体内时钟在不受干扰时，会使人体有一个小时，525是的，小时一的生理节奏25P6The otherbelongs in our internalclocks which,left alone,would tie the body toa25hour-yes,25-rhythm.、经过一段时间之后，生理系统将会重新自我调整过来，但这需要时间6P8In time,the physiologicalsystem willreset itself,but itdoes taketime.、出现这种差异的一个原因是人体的不同活动受到不同因素的支配7P9One reasonfor thisdiscrepancy isthat differentbodily eventsare controlledby differentfactors.、不可能等上天直到身体习惯新的时区84P10It isnot feasibleto waitfour days until the body isusedto thenewtime zone.、习题3
（一）词汇英译汉
1.flight
2.negotiation
3.transport
4.overe
1.internal
6.external
7.rhythm
8.feasible
9.assumptionlO.promote
1.effect on
2.to blame...on
3.to advantage
4.now that
5.outofstep
6.toleave...alone
（二）句子英译汉与重点句型相同
1.-
8.（）
9.But thegrowth hormoneis releasedduring sleep,whenever in the daythat sleepoccurs.para.9三句
10.Protein inmeals stimulateswakefulness,while carbohydrates promote sleep.para.13子汉译英•不难理解高速旅行给身体带来的不适11It isnot difficulttounderstandthe disturbing effectsof rapid travel onthe body.It isnot difficultto realizethatthedisturbingeffects onthe body arecaused byrapidtravel.,引起这一不同的原因之一是不同的人体活动由不同的因素控制12One reasonfor thisdiscrepancy isthat differentbodily eventsare controlledby differentfactors.食物中的蛋白质使人兴奋，而食物中的碳水化合物使人易于入睡13Protein infood stimulateswakefulness,while carbohydratespromote sleep.时差反应是每一个国际旅行者可能遇到的问题14The problemof JetLag is one everyinternational traveleres across.等待儿天直到身体的调节机制自然适应新时区，这并不可行15It isnot feasibleto waita fewdaysuntilthe bodysregulatory mechanismsareusedto thenew timezone.、历年试题
41.In practicallication,concentration isnot thedefinition mayimply.
99.4A.as simple to deal successfully with asB.so simpleto deal successfully withthatC.simpler to dealsuccessfullywith asthatD.as samesimpletodealsuccessfullywithas答案考点本题主要考查搭配表示“和….一样而选项中的后面还有一个Ao as…as Das词因为表示的意思也是同样，与…同样的意思与意义重复，因此不选same sameas…as Do
2.Understand whatJetLagis,and howa carefuldiet canminimize itsworst effects,.
99.10A.your flightwill be less stressfulB.and yourflights willbe lessstressfulC.or yourflights willbe lessstressfulD.in orderthat yourflights willbelessstressful答案分析本句是一个连接的并列句因此只有符合题意Bo andB
3.Coffee delaysthe bodyclock in the morning,and advancesat night.
00.4A.it B.them C.the coffeeD.the body答案分析本句是个并列句，连接的两个句子结构应一致因此，后面的宾Ao andadvances语应是而为了避免重复，因此用代词代替thebody,it.汉译英快速旅行对人体的影响比我们意识到的要大得多
400.10答案The effectsof rapidtravel onthe humanbodyare much greater thanwerealiz e.
5.The othertiming systembelongs inour internalclocks,which,left________________,would t（）iethebodytoa25-hour rhythm.
03.4A.behind B.alone C.out D.aside答案考点本题主要考查词组不管，不理，把…放在一边B.leave alone快速旅行对人体的影响比我们意识到的要大得多L答The effectsofrapidtravelonthebodyaremuchgreaterthanwe realize•他后来把自己的错误判断归咎于时差反应2答He laterblamed hispoor judgementon JetLag.食物中的蛋白质使人兴奋，而碳水化合物使人易于入睡
3.答Protein inmeals stimulateswakefulness whilecarbohydratespromotesleep.在外语学习中没有捷径可走
4.答There isno shortcut in thestudyofaforeign language.为了克服时差反应我们能做些什么呢？
5.答What canwe doin orderto overeJet LagUNIT
9、1word studyroximate,proportion,reciation,acknowledge,neglectroximate
1.近似的，大约的aThe roximatenumber ofimmigrants istwo million.移民数目大约为两百万The roximatelength ofa meteris40inches.一米大约为英寸
40、近似，接近；、使接近（在直接宾语后用介词）vt.l2toYour account of what hened roximatesthe realfacts,but thereare somesmall inaccuracies.你对发生的情况的描述接近实际情况，但有些小的出入We try to roximatethe operatingtemperature to the optimalvalue.我们努力使工作温度接近最佳值.接近（其词义与及物动词相同，只是后面接介词）vi tYour accountof what henedroximates to the realfacts.你对发生的情况的描述接近实际情况proportion2比率，比例n.表示与成比例；表示“与不成比例”in proportion tooutof proportionTheproportion ofbirths to the populationisincreasing.人口出生率在上升A largeproportion ofthe earthsurface isocean.地球表面的大部分是海洋The camelpossesses strengthin proportionto itssize.骆驼的力气与它的身体大小成比例His earningsare outof allproportiontohis skilland ability.他的收入与他的技术及能力很不相称,使成比例；使相称vtThe soldierproportioned hispace to the march.战士调制步子以便与行军的步伐一致3reciation＞欣赏，鉴赏；、正确评价；、感激，感谢n.l23A personwith anreciation ofart andliterature isqualified for the job.一个具有文学艺术欣赏力的人能胜任这项工作Rabbits havea well-known reciationfor familylife.众所周知，兔子有重视家庭生活的习性We take this opportunityofexpressingour sincerereciation of your help.对你们的帮助，我们趁这个机会向你们表示衷心的感谢They aremistaken in their reciationofthe countrys economicconditions.他们对国家经济形势的判断是错误的acknowledge4＞承认；、表示谢意vt.l2He acknowledged his ownfaults.他承认了自己的过失The salesdepartment acknowledgedmy orderform.销售部表示收到了我的订货单The ministeracknowledgedhis advisers servicesto thecity.部长就他的顾问对城市的贡献表示感谢neglect
5.忽视，忽略；疏忽vt./nThey neglectedhis warning.他们对他的警告置之不理The secretarywas firedfor neglectingher duty.那个秘书因疏于职守而被解雇Agriculture is somewhat neglectedinthatdistrict.农业在那个地区有些不受重视The oldman livesalone inneglect.这个老人孑然一身无人照管、常考句型
2、如果一个国家人口中或以上的人满岁或超过岁，就被列为“老龄国”17%6565P1Nationclassified asaged when they have7percent ofmore oftheir peopleaged65or above.、一个社会的人口增长率越接近零，它的人口就可能越老龄一至少对任何能关系到我们现在的2未来是这样的P1The nearera societyroximates tozero populationgrowth,the olderits populationis likelyto be——atleast,for anyfuture thatconcerns usnow.不同的人对同样的问题有不同的看法，所以解决的办法也不同Different peoplehave different ideas about the same problem;their solutionstotheproblem are,therefore,also different.决策者往往是公司业务发展的关键Decision makersoften playthe keyrole inthe developmentofthebusiness ofa pany.Decision makersare usuallykey people who determinethe panysbusiness development.、历年试题
41.Almost everythinga managerdoesinvolvedecisions,indeed,some suggestthatthe managementprocessis decisionmaking.
99.4答案是考点为谓语动词，应该用一般现在时involves.involve
2.If thereisnochoice,thereisno decisionmake.
99.4答案是考点是动词不定式作定语修饰to bemade to bemadedecision.
3.If you are nowyour thirties,you canexpect to live nearlyone thirdoftherest of your life after the ageof
60.
99.4A.inB.at C.between D.among答案是A.
4.Almost everythinga managerdoes decisions;indeed,some suggestthatthemanagement processis decisionmaking.
00.4A.imposes B.improvise C.involves D.indicates答案为C.
5.Whenpresent witha moncase,sales managerstend tosee salesproblems andprod uctionmanagerssee productionproblems.答案为考点是过去分词作状语presented.present
6.An organizationis agroupofpeople,anda decisionmake todaymay haveconseque ncesfar intothefuture.答案是考点是过去分词作定语，修饰made.make decision.汉译英通常管理者必须对未来的情况作出最佳的预测
7.答案Often managersmust makeabestguessatwhatthefuturewillbe.决策的目的是为了实现组织的目标
1.答The purposeof makingadecisionistoachieve organizationalgoals.决策过程对经营管理至关重要
2.答The decision-making processis fundamentalto businessmanagement.经理所做的任何事情几乎都与决策有关
3.答Almost everythingamanagerdoes involvesdecision-making.虽然我们不能预见未来，但应当尽量减少偶然性发生
4.、当然你现在年龄越大，这种比例就越高，如果你是女人，这比例还应该更高3P5The olderyouare now,of course,the greaterthis proportionwillbe,and greaterstill if you area woman.、如果你现在多岁，你应当知道你可以指望活到岁后再活上剩余生命的三分之一43060P5If youare nowin yourthirties,you oughttobeaware thatyou canexpect to live nearlyone thirdof therestofyour lifeaftertheageof
60.、习题3
一、词汇英译汉
1.classify
2.roximate
3.proportion
4.reciation
5.acknowledge
6.alter
7.lengthen
8.wealthy
9.neglect
10.expectation
1.to roximateto
2.resistance to
3.to copewith
4.attribute・・・to
二、句子英译汉与常考句型相同
1.〜
4.
5.If,however,children growup withoutlove andwithout feelings of self-worth,they feelunlovableand worthlessand expecttobecheated,taken advantageof,and lookeddown uponby others.:看不起…；轻视…；look downupon
6.without ahealthy self-esteem theymay copeby actingout problemsrather thantalking themoutor bywithdrawing andremaining indifferenttoward themselvesand others.
7.It isnot untilenergies arebacktonormal thatthe realproblem isrecognized.
8.it isnot untilabout thetimethechild entersschool thatoutside forcescontributetofeelings abouttheself.
三、句子汉译英老龄化已成为一个社会问题
1.Aging hasbee asocial problem.人们反对这一看法来自于出生率的下降
2.The resistancetotheidea iscaused bythe fallingof birthrates.The fall of birthrateresulted inpeople，s objectiontotheidea.人们寿命的长短取决于种种因素
3.The lengthoflifedepends onvarious factors.Expectation oflife isdue tovarious factors..估计寿命是预计一个人能活得平均年数4Expectation oflife is the averagenumbers ofyears that a personis expectedtolive.The expectancyoflifeistheprediction ofaverage yearsa personcan live..长寿在改变我们的生活，改变我们的社会5Long lifeis alteringourlifeaswellas oursociety.Long lifeis changing ourlives,changingoursociety.、历年试题
41.Youraccountof what hened yesterdayroximates___________the realfacts.
99.10A.nearB.ofC.toD.upon答案考点此题考查词组表示“与…接近”Co roximateto汉译英正是由于出生率下降了，我们的社会才变得如此老龄
2.
99.10It isbecause thebirthrate fellthat oursociety hadgrown soold.
3.Nations areas〃aged〃when theyhave7percent ormore oftheir peopleaged65or above.A.limitedB.classifiedC.originatedI,processed
00.4答案本题考查词组表示把…列为Bo classifyas汉译英一个社会的人口增长率越接近零，其人口便越老龄化
4.
00.10The nearera societyroximates tozero populationgrowth,the olderits populationis.
5.If youare now,you oughtto paymore attentionto yourhealth.
01.4A.inthefiftiesB.in yourfiftiesC.in fiftiesD.in yourfifty答案本题主要考查词组表示〃在你岁时〃B.in yourfifties
506.We knowthatweare gettingeven older,and thatthe nearera societyroximates tozeropopulationGrowth,the oldits populationis likelytobe.
01.10答案本题主要考查形容词比较级….+形容词比较级”的用法oldero“the+the
7.In hisposition therewere noother errorsa fewmisspelled words.
02.4A.besideB.exceptC.thenD.than答案本题主要考查词组〃〃的用法，表示“除了…外，没有…”Do nother…than
8.We wouldlike totakethisopportunity toexpress oursincerereciate ofyour help.
02.4答案本题中是形容词，因此后面接名词是动词，其名词形式reciation sincerereciate是reciation.UNIT
10、1word studydecline,impact,stir,provisiondecline1」、下倾，下降；、衰退，衰弱；、谢绝，拒绝vi23天然气的生产略有下降The productionof naturalgas declinedslightly.His strengthslowly declined.他的体力慢慢地衰弱了A blindman smilinglydeclined tobe helpedacross thestreet.盲人微笑着谢绝别人帮他过马路谢绝,拒绝vt.He respectfullydecline theinvitation.他有礼貌地谢绝了邀请、下倾，下降；、衰退，衰弱n.l2The customsfigures showa steadydecline inBritish trade.关税数字表明英国的贸易在持续下降We arestudying thedecline andfallofancient Rome.我们正在研究古罗马的衰亡impact
2、冲击，碰撞；、效果，影响n.l2The stormoftheworld revolutionhas powerfulimpact onimperialism.世界革命风暴对帝国主义有强大的冲击力The bookTen ThatShook theWorld made a greatimpact onits readers.《震撼世界的十天》这本书对读者产生了很大的影响装紧,压紧vt.The groundhad beenimpacted bymany peoplewalking acrossit.因为走的人多，地面被踏得坚实了stir
3、搅拌，搅动；、激起，打动vt.l2You shouldstir thesugar in your coffeewithaspoon.你应该用汤匙搅动咖啡里的糖We alldeeply stirredbythebeauties ofnature.我们都被大自然的美深深地打动了微动,活动vi.我一步不移I readHemingways TheSun AlsoRises throughtothevnd withoutstirring from the table.地坐在桌前把海明威的《太阳照样升起》读完惊动，轰动n.The inventionis goingto causea bigstir intheworld.这项发明将在全世界引起轰动provision
4、供应，供应品；、条款，规定；、【常】给养，口粮n.l23plProvision ofshelter was the RedCrosss mainconcern for the disastervictims.为灾民提供避难处是红十字会的主要工作Necessary provisionhas beenmade againstflood.已为防洪做了必要准备You shouldsave upmoney tomake provisionfor thefuture.你们应该存些钱，为将来做些准备You cando soundec theprovisions ofa newforeign aidbill.根据新的援外法案的条文，你可以这样做Provisions arekept inthe storehouse.储备的口粮存放在仓库里、重点句型
2、候选人都想尽力突出表现一种强有力的领导者的形象1P4Candidates tryto projecta strongleadership image.、选民们是否接受这一形象则更取决于外在因素而不是候选人的个人特征2P4Whether votersaccept thisimage,however,depends more on external factors than ona candidates此句注意主语从句作主语personal characteristics.、一年以后，随着国家经济陷入困境，布什的支持率则下降到以下340%P4A yearlater,with the nations economyin trouble,Bushs rovalrating droppedbelow40percent.、候选人特别关注人口最多的几个州的州选举中获胜4P6Candidates areparticularly concernedwith winning the states which havethe largest population.、在年，，克林顿仅获得民众选票的相比之下，布什是佩罗是5199243%,38%,19%P6Clintonreceived only43percent ofthe popularvote in1992,pared with Bushs38percent andPerot，s19percent.、习题
31.election
2.vote
3.certainty
4.loyalty
5.decline
6.democrat
7.strategy
8.pursue
9.impact
10.headquarters
11.economy
12.stir
13.congress
14.representative-、词汇英译汉:to identify-as impact on
二、句子英译汉与重点句型相同
1.~
5.
6.In decidingwhether topursue a course of action,they tryto estimateits likelyimpact onthevoters.
7.Warren G.Harding acceptedthe1920Republican nominationat hisOhio home,stayed therethroughoutmost ofthe campaign,and wona fullvictory simplybecause mostofthe voters of his timewereRepublicans.
8.“The Economy,Stupid.The sloganwas theidea ofJames Carville,Clintons chiefstrategist,and wasmeant asa remindertothe candidate andthe stafftokeepthe campaignfocused onthe nation，sslow-moving economy,which ultimatelywastheissue thatdefeated Bush.
三、句子汉译英在美国每四年举行一次总统大选
1.The presidentialelection takesplace everyfour yearsintheUnited States.多数党被提名者得到的支持率往往高出少数党候选人
2.A majorityparty nomineeusually has the advantageofsupportover a minority partyone.A major-party nomineealways getshigher rovalrating thanaminor-party nominee.策略在总统竞选中起关键性的作用
3.Strategies playacriticalrole intheelection.Strategy iscriticalinthe presidentialelection.为了争取选票，总统候选人特别关注那些重要的州
4.To winthe presidency,a candidateis particularly concernedwithwinningthe stateswhichareimportant.In ordertogetthe votes,presidential candidatesare concernedwith thoseimportant states..美国有十儿个政党，其中只有两个党是主要党5There areabout adozen politicalparties inAmerica,only twoofwhicharemajorparties.、历年试题
41.Victory inthe elevenlarge statesalone wouldprovide anelectoral majority.
99.10答案largest此题主要考查large的最高级
2.Even DemocratGeorge McGovern,had thelowest levelof partysupportamong recentNominees,was backedin1972by nearly60percent ofhis party，s voters.
99.10A.whoB.whoseC.thatD.which答案引导的非限定性定语从句A.who.汉译英这与其说取决于候选人的个人特点不如说取决于外部因素
300.4答案This dependson externalfactors rather thanonacandidate，s personalcharacteristics.
4.In1991,aftertheGulf War,Bushs rovalrating reached91percent,the highestlevel recordedsincepolling begininthe1930s.
00.10答案此题考查过去时，因为有一个明显的过去时间状语begano inthe1930s”
5.Americans havelearned muchabouttheway inwhich thesystem canbe managedso asto thepeacefultransfer ofpower fromone partytotheother.
01.4A.make itpossibleB.make possibleC.make possiblyD.make itpossibly答案本题中的宾语太长，所以放到了宾补的后面B.make possible“make…possible”表示“使…成为可能”
6.In decidinga courseofaction,thecandidatetried toestimate itslikelyimpactonthevoters.
02.4A.what topursueB.which topursueC.whether topursueD.if topursue答案分析所要填的空是的宾语而后面的宾语是C.deciding pursueacourseof actiono选项，是宾语选项中，也是作主语或宾语选项语法结构A“what topursue what B whichD.不对，因此选C.
7.A major-party nomineehasthecritical advantageinthe campaign for the presidentialelection（）he hasthe supportfrom theparty faithful.03,10A.in thatB.in whichC.for whichD.for that答案“在于（复合连词表示原因）ATranslation众所周知，美国总统选举每四年一次
1.答It iswell knownthat presidentialelections occurintheUnited Statesevery4years.克林顿那时始终把竞选的注意力集中在国家缓慢发展的经济上
2.答At thattime Clintonalways keptthecampaignfocused onthenations slow-developing economy..候选人都想尽力表现出一种强有力的领袖形象3答Candidate tryto projecta strongleadership image.选民们是否接受这一形象更取决于外在因素答案
4.答Whether votersaccept thisimage dependsmoreonexternalfactors..候选人特别关注如何在人口最多那些州获胜5答Candidates areparticularlyconcernedwith howto winthestateswhich havethelargestpopulation.UNIT H、1word studyreplace,litter,refine,reproducereplace1把放回（原处），使恢复（原职）；、更换，以替代vt.K2The airlineis currentlyreplacing itsDC10swithDC Super80s.这家航空公司正在用超飞机取代飞机DC80DC10Please replacethe newspaperafter reading.报纸阅后请放回原处litter
2、（供动物睡眠或植物防冻的）干草；、杂乱无章；、（猫狗等）一窝（仔畜）；、【总称】n.l234乱丢的东西（尤指废纸等杂物）」、为（动物）铺草；、（多产动物）产（仔）；、乱丢vt23The boxesare filledwith litterfor thesmall animalstolivein.箱子里铺满干草以便小动物能够在里边住The childrenpicked up all thelitter onthe playground.孩子们把乱扔在操场上的废纸等杂物都拾了起来I wassurprised tosee hisroom insuchalitter.我看到他的房间如此乱七八糟感到惊讶Please dontlitter.请不要乱丢东西Please dontlitter theroom.请不要在屋里乱扔东西Please dontlitter wastepapers round theroom..请不要在屋里乱扔废纸refine3＞提纯，精制；、使精美，使完善vt.l2They havebuilt afactory to refine canesugar.他们建了一个提炼蔗糖的工厂He hasrefined hismanners.他已使自己的举止仪态变得高雅完美Reporters tried torefinetheir questionsto drawtheir expectedresponse.记者们力图把问题提得巧妙，以便引起他们所期望的答复reproduce4＞繁殖；、再生产，再生长（器官）；、复制；、再现，重现vt.l234There areanimals whichcan reproducea lostpart oftheir bodies.有些动物能使身体上失去的某部分再生Frogs reproducethemselves bylaying eggs.青蛙通过产卵繁殖A tape-recorder willreproduce yourlecture.录音机将放出你的讲课录音He reproducedthe paintingby photography.他通过照相复制了那副油画The conditionsthat existedten yearsago arereproduced today.十年前的情形今天又重现了、常考句型
2、使用动物对于发展麻醉学具有至关重要的作用1P2The useof animalshasbeencentral tothe developmentof anaesthetics.、用动物进行研究与我们的健康无关，它产生的后果常常起误导作用2P4Animal researchis irrelevanttc ourhealth andit canoften producemisleading results.、人和动物对药物的反应不同，身体作用的方式也不同3P4People andanimals aredifferent intheir reactionsto drugsandinthewaytheir bodieswork.、如果把还没有在动物身上彻底实验过的药物用在人身上，那是完全不负责任和不道德的4P5It wouldbe pletelyirresponsible andunethical touse drugson peoplethat hadnot beenthoroughly testedon animals.、计算机模型的最终目的是减少用作实验对象的动物数量5P6The eventualaim ofputer modelingistoreduce the number of animals used in experiments.、现在已有很多别的新技术，使更多的研究能在试管里进行，以便发现化学药品是否产生有害6的生物效果P7Many othernew techniques are nowavailable thatenable moreresearchtobe done inthetest tubeto seeifchemicals produceharmful biologicaleffects.、用于实验室实验的动物数量在过去年中已经减少720P8The numberof animalsused inlaboratory testshas declinedover the last20years.、这部分地是由于采用替代的方法，部分地是由于实验比以前设计的更好，所以需要的动物就8少了P8This ispartly dueto alternativesand partlytothefact thatexperiments arebetter designedso fewerneedto beused.、该系的大卫莫顿教授正在进行动物研究，他热心于尽可能地减少动物的痛苦9P9ProfessorDavid Mortonofthedepartment isinvolvedinanimal researchand isconcernedwithreducing animalsufferingas muchaspossible.、这包括把它们豢养在更符合要求的笼子里10P9后面接动名词作宾语This includeskeeping themin moresuitable cages,include、在美国，进行一次神经再生实验要在老鼠腿上切掉一大段神经11P10In theUS,one experimentin nerveregeneration involvescutting abig nerveinarafs leg.、例如当研究心脏病和它对身体的影响时，或者当研究大脑疾病时，我们没有充分的代用品12来代替动物P12When itestoresearch intoheart diseaseand itseffectsonthebody,we donot haveadequate substitutes当提到…的时候、习题fortheuseof animals.When itesto3动物研究对人类医学的发展做出了重大的贡献LAnimal research hasmadegreat contributionsto humanmedical development.Animal researchhas contributeda greatdeal tothedevelopmentof humanmedicine..动物研究是否与人体健康有关，人们持不同态度2People havedifferentideasabout whetheranimal researchis relevantto humanhealth.用于实验的动物数量在过去二十年中已大大减少了3研究的新The numberof animalsused in experiments has declined greatlyover thepast20years.成果表明，少数实验可以放弃使用动物4,The newresearch findingsshow that a fewexperiments canbe donewithout usinganimals.The newdevelopment inresearchhasshown thata smallproportion oftests canbe donewithoutusing animals..尽管医学技术越来越先进，但完全停止使用动物做实验仍然很远5Although medicaltechniquesarebeing more advanced,stopping testing on animals altogether is along wayaway.Although medicaltechnique beesmoreandmore advanced,stopping testing onanimalsaltogetheris along wayaway.、历年试题
41.The numberofanimalsused inlaboratory tests___________decline overthelast20years.
99.10答案考点本句中是明显的表示现在完成时的时间状语hasdeclinedoverthelast20years因此本句用现在完成时
2.To assumethe careforthepets canhelp bringthe humanity inourchildren andeven inus adults.
99.10A.about B.in C.out D.up答案答案考点本题主要考查词组表示“使显示，显现；生产，使产生”cobring out
3.It istouching tosee howa cator dog-especially adog-itself tofamily and wantsto sharein allitsgoings andings.
00.4A.attributes B.lies C.assigned D.attaches答案考点:本题主要考查词组表示“把…附加到，使…与…相关”D oattach-to
4.As researchtechniques beemore advanced,the numberof animalsuseinexperiments manydecrease.
00.10答案考点本题主要考查过去分词做定语修饰used oused animals
5.Some peoplethink thatanimal researchis irrelevantourhealthandthatit canoften producemisleading results.
01.4A.withB.at C.on D.to答案本题主要考查词组表示“与…不相关”D obe irrelevant to汉译英他的肤色与他是否是个好教授没有关系
6.答案The colorofhisskin isirrelevanttowhether heisagood professoror not
7.As researchtechniques beemoreadvanced,thenumberofanimalsusedinexperime ntsmay decrease,but stoppingtest onanimalsaltogetherisalong wayaway.答案本题主要考查词组停止做某事testingostop doingsth.Translation有人认为用动物进行实验根本没有必要
1.答There arethose whothink thetest onanimals aresimply unnecessary.人和动物对药物的反应并不相同
2.答People andanimals aredifferent intheir reactionsto drugs.新技术使我们容易找到代替动物实验的方法
3.答New technologymakes iteasy for us to find alternativemethods oftestingonanimals.正是狗教会我们忠诚和奉献，而猫却对此一无所知
4.答It isthe dogwho canteach uslessons ofloyalty anddevotion thatno cateve rknows.照料小猫们有助于培养孩子的人情味
5.答Caring forcats canhelp bringoutthehumanityinchildren.UNIT
12、1word studyspur,confront,reflection,driftspur
1、踢马刺；、刺激（物），鼓励；鼓舞n.l2这本书激发了那个孩子的智力和想象力This bookisaspur tothe childsintellect andimagination.用踢马刺催促（马）；、激励，鞭策vt.k2He spurredhis horseand ranaway.他用踢马刺策马，跑开了The thoughtoftheprize spurredme on.要夺奖的思想激励着我前进confront2＞面对，遭遇；、正视；对抗vt.l2逃跑是不可能的，兔子就转过头来和Escape beingimpossible,the rabbitturned toconfront thedog.狗对抗The diseaseconfronted himwith death.疾病使他面临死亡The difficultiesthat confrontus cannot be overe.我们所面临的困难无法克服如果用被动时态，贝后用或1confronted withbyWe areconfronted bymany difficulties.我们面临许多困难The explorerswere confrontedwith manychallenges.探险者遇到了许多挑战reflection3＞反射，反映，映像；、沉思，考虑n.l2The reflection oflightconfused us.反光使我们头晕眼花The reflectionofthesun wasblinding.反射的太阳光令人目眩这首诗反映了我执笔时的心情This poemisareflectionofmy moodatthetime Iwrote it.He waslooking athis reflectioninthemirror.他看着自己在镜中的映像After somereflection themanager grantedthe request.经理稍一思索，便允许了请求drift
4、漂流；、倾向，趋势n.l2The weatherforecast reportedan easterlydrift ofwind.天气预报报告风向偏东The generaldrift ofaffairs was towards war.总的势态是趋向战争漂流；漂泊vi.We watchedthe leavesdrift downthe stream.我们看着树叶沿小河漂去Our conversationdrifted fromone topicto another.我们的话题换了又换答Although wecannot predictthefuture,we musttrytleave aslittle aspossible toc hance.不同的管理者对同一问题的解释不同
5.答Different managerdefine the sameproblemin differentterms.UNIT
2、1word studyexert,collapse,lauch,operateexert
1.尽（力）；发挥（威力等）；施加（压力等）；产生（影响等）；行使（职权等）vtHe hasexerted allhis strengthto attainhis goal.他已尽了全力以达到自己的目标He hasbeen exertinga lotof pressureon meto changemy mind.他一直在施加种种压力要我改变主意These principlesexerted greatinfluence uponthe courseoftherevolution.这些原则对革命进程产生了很大的影响collapse2倒塌，崩溃，瓦解；、（健康等）垮掉，（因精疲力竭等原因）倒下n.k2The stormcaused thecollapse ofthe woodenshelter.暴风雨使这个避风雨的木棚倒塌了He sufferedfromanervous collapse.他的精神崩溃了The collapseofthegovernment leftthecountryin confusion.政府的倒台使全国陷入混乱之中倒塌,崩溃vi.The roofcollapsed underthe weightofthesnow.屋顶被雪压塌了The negotiationscollapsed afterseveral meetings.会谈了几次之后，谈判破裂了In thelastweeksofthewar shecollapsed fromlong imprisonment.在战争的最后几个星期里她的身体因长期监禁而垮掉了lauch3发射，投射；、使（船）下水vtl,2The satellitewas launchedinarocket.这颗卫星是由火箭发射的The hunterlaunched aspear atthe wolf.猎人把矛向狼掷去A newship hasbeen successfullylaunched.一条新船已成功地下水发动,发起（运动等）vt./vi.In ordertofinda job,he driftfrom Californiato Toronto.为找到一份工作，他从加利福尼亚漂泊到多伦多使漂流vt.The snowwas driftedin greatpiles againstthe house.雪被风吹到房子旁边，积成一堆一堆的、常考句型
2、梦幻最好也不过被认为是对生活中的实际事物的一种补偿性的替代1P1At itsbest,daydreaming wasconsidered apensatory substituteforthereal thingsin life.、总有那么一些人，他们用想入非非的生活来代替从实际活动中得到的好处2P2There arealways thosewho wouldsubstitute fantasylives forthe rewardsof realactivity.、大部分人受梦幻过少而不是过多之苦3P2Most peoplesuffer froma lackof daydreamingratherthanan excessof it.、不仅他们应付每日生活的压力的能力变差，他们的自我控制和自我导向能力也会受到损害4P2Not onlyare theyless abletodealwiththepressure ofday-to-day existence,but alsotheir self-controland self-direction beeendangered.、但它的好处不只这些5P3But itsbeneficial effectsgo beyondthis.Go beyond表示超越・・・，不仅仅是、在历史上，科学家和发明家是似乎能充分利用松弛时刻的一类人6P7Historically,scientists and inventors areone groupthat seemstotakefull advantageof relaxedmoments.禾用Take advantageof U、无论何时他遇到好像一个解决不了的问题时，他会躺在实验室沙发上，四肢舒展，让各种幻7觉涌满他的脑海P7Whenever confrontedwithatask whichseemed toohard tobe dealtwith,he wouldstretch outon hislaboratorysofa andlet fantasiesflood hismind.、你要把自己幻想成一个胜利者，这将有助于你取得成就8P10Picture yourselfas winningandthatwill contributeremarkably tosuccess.、重要的是要记住，你幻想这些期望的目标时就好像你已经实现了它们那样9P11The importantthing toremember isto picturethese desiredobjectives asifyouhad alreadyattainedthem.、习题3
一、词汇英译汉
1.symptom
2.intellectual
3.detail
4.initial
5.inventor
6.confront
7.sensitivity
8.reflection
9.creativity
10.character
11.trace
12.modest词组
13.investment
14.to substitute...fbr
15.be contraryto
16.toputoff
17.be confrontedwith
18.to gazeat
19.be unawareof
20.to impress...on
21.be freefrom
22.be beneficial to
二、句子英译汉与常考句型相同
1.-
9.
三、汉译英.最近的研究成果表明，白日做梦是日常生活的一部分1Recent researchshows/indicates thatdaydreaming ispart ofdaily life..白日做梦不仅有利于心态平衡，而且能提高人们的自控力2Daydreaming isnot onlybeneficial tothe mentalbalance,butalsoto enhanceone*s abilityofself-control.Daydreaming can not onlyhelp maintainemotional balance,butalsoimprove onesself-control..历史上许多科学家与发明家曾充分利用白日梦3Historically,many scientistsand inventorshave takenfull advantageof daydreaming.Many scientistsandinventorsin historytook fulluseofdaydreaming.•有的作曲家在作曲时几乎像进入了很深的白日梦状态4While posing,some posersseem toroach astate ofdeep daydreaming.Some posersseemed toroach astate ofdeep daydreamingwhile theywere posing..在梦境中不要将自己描绘成失败者而应该是成功者5Picture yourselfasawinner ratherthan loserin yourdaydream.Picture yourselfinyourdaydream aswinning ratherthan defeated.、历年试题
41.According toDr.Kramer,peoplewhoear inyour dreams,youareon awakening.
99.10A asmany ashy Bthe more***the morehy Cthemore***the hierDthemost•♦・the hiest答案考点本题主要考查比较级，比较级，结构是“越…，越…”C othe+the+
2.Hold apicture ofyourself longand steadilyenough yourmind，s eye,and youwillbe drawntoward it.
99.10A.atB.in C.before D.in frontof答案B o考点本题主要考查词组in onesmind，s eye意思是“在脑海中”
3.In thepast two decades,researchexpand ourknowledge aboutsleep anddre ams.
00.4答案本题主要考查现在完成时“”经常是表示现在完成时expanded inthepasttwodecades的时间状语
4.It hasbeen provedthat theirbest ideasseem occurwhentheywere relaxing.
01.4答案考点本题主要考查后面要加动词不定式完成式作宾语to haveoccurred seem汉译英科学家正在研究为什么白日梦会有益于人们的健康
5.
01.4答案Scientists arestudying whydaydreaming isbeneficial topeople，s health.
6.A lifelivewithout fantasyand daydreamingisareally poorlife indeed.
02.4答案考点是过去分词作定语修饰词组表示过着…样的生活lived olived lifelive a•••life”词汇精讲白日做梦daydream vi./n.症状，征兆symptom n.Most infectionsare contagiousbefore anysymptoms arenoticed.大多数传染病在症状被发现之前已具有传染性He recognizesthe symptoms,but refusesto admitthathehas maritalproblems.他承认这些征兆，但不愿承认自己的婚姻发生了问题UNIT
13、1word studypel,undertake,coincide,gamble,go in for
①pelvt.强迫peL・・to或peL,・to sthTheywere oftenpelled towork twelveor fourteenhoursaday.他们常常不得不每天工作或小时1214He alwaystriedtopel metohiswill.他总是想逼我服从他的意愿表演使观众感动得The performancepelled tearsfromtheaudience.=…pel theaudience toshed tears落泪undertake2着手做，进行；、承担，从事，进行；、承担，答应vt.K23toThe policeundertook detailedand prehensiveinvestigations intothe case.警察对这个案件着手进行了细致和全面的调查We undertookto reachhome beforedark.我们争取天黑以前到家Do youknow thelawyer whoundertook thecase你认识负责处理此案的律师吗？Reluctantly heundertook thetask.他勉勉强强地接受了这一使命He undertookto preservea strictlyneutral position.他承诺严守中立coincide3一致,相符vi.withThe centresofthetwo circlescoincide.这两个圆的圆点重合They cannotgo tothe theatretogether becausehis freetime nevercoincide withhers.他们不能一起去看戏，因为他和她从来都不是同时有空The judgesdidnt coincidein opinion.法官们意见不一gamble4vi./vt.l＞赌博，打赌（on）；
2、投机，冒险They gambledOD theresult ofa petition.他们对竞赛的结果打赌The youngman hasgambled everythingaway.那个年轻人把什么都输掉了I wouldntgamble onJims payingthe billif Iwere you.假如我是你，我不会期望杰姆付账的He gambledhis savingsto starta smallshop.他孤注一掷用自己的积蓄开了一家小商店、赌博；、投机，冒险n.l2The operationmaynotsucceed;itsagamble whetherthe patientlives ordies.手术可能不成功，病人的生死是一次冒险
⑤go in for、参加，从事；、以为兴趣，爱好12Im goingto go inforthe finalexamination nextweek.下星期我将参加期末考试As myintellect isnot adaptedfor science,I mustgo infor art.我的头脑不适应科学，我应该学艺术What sportsdo yougoinfor你喜欢哪些体育项目？In ourdepartment,every studentgoes infor after-school activities.我们系的每个学生都喜欢课外活动、常考句型
2、如果社会强迫他去做他不乐意的事，他就不可能真正快乐1P1He cannot be really hy if heis pelled by society to do what he does not enjoydoing,or ifwhat heenjoysdnioe isignored bysociety asof novalue orimportance.、劳作或工作，不取决于工作本身，而取决于从事这项工作的人喜好2P3Whether ajob istobeclassified aslabor orwork depends,not onthe jobitself,but onthe tastesof theindividualwho undertakesit.、比如，这二者区别与体力劳动脑力劳动之间的区别并不是一致3P3The differencedoes not,for example,coincide withthe differencebetween a manual anda mentaljob.、因此他会很自然地想象自己被迫劳动的时间越短自由娱乐的时间越长就越好4P3So thatitisnatural forhim toimagine thatthe fewerhours hehas tospend laboring,andthemore hoursheis freeto play,the better.、习题3
一、单词词组英译汉
1.pel
2.voluntary
3.undertake
4.coincide
5.manual
6.efficiency
7.pulsion
8.division
9.eliminate lO.boring
11.amusement.so faras...knows.to coincide with.attitude toward.to goinfor
二、句子英译汉与常考句型相同
1.-
4.
5.This instincthas to do withthe politicalnatureofwork itself,something everymodem workerunderstands,para.
36.The bosseswant morefromthe worker thantheyarewilling togive inreturn,para.
37.A goodworker ina keyspot could,so longas hekept upproduction,take allthe coffeebreakshe wanted.para.
38.1have searchedmy mindin vainfor apolite wayto tellthat readerto goto hell,para.
49.1fyouare thatreader,I wouldremend thatyou abandonyour outrageand beginthinking abutdoingsomething similarfor yourself,para.5lO.They alsolike itfor anotherreason,even ifthey willnot admitit:it makesit verydifficult fortheworker to do anythingother thanwork.除了…以外other than
三、汉译英.如果他被迫去做他不乐意做的事，他不可能高兴1He cantbe hy if heis pelled to dowhat hedoesn*t enjoydoing.If heis pelledtodowhatheis unwillingtodo,he cannotbe hy..一件工作被算成是劳作还是工作取决于个人的喜好2Whether ajob istobeclassified aslabor orwork dependson one*s interest..广义上说，任何人作的工作都对社会有益3In abroad sense,what anyonedoes isbeneficialtothe society.In general,what onedoes is of socialvalue..劳作与工作之间的区别与体力劳动与脑力劳动的区别并不一样4The differencebetween laborandworkdoes notcoincidewiththat betweenamanualandamentaljob;.技术与劳动分工在许多领域结束了对熟练工的需求5Technology andthe divisionof laborhave eliminatedin manyfields theneed forskilled workers.、历年试题
41.The importantof thesevaryaccording tothe natureofone，slife-style.
99.10答案varies汉译英他被迫接受了一份他自己毫无兴趣的工作
2.答案He ispelledtotake ajob.
3.A mancan notbe reallyhyifwhatheenjoysdo isignored bysociety asof novalue orimportance.
00.10答案考点后跟名词或动名词作宾语doing oenjoyTranslation一个人如果被社会强迫去做他不乐意的事情，他就不可能真正快乐
1.答A mancannotbereallyhyifheispelledbysocietytodowhathedoes noten joydoing.工作与劳动的区别不在于脑力劳动与体力劳动的区别
2.答The differencebetween workand labordoesnotlie inthe differencebetween mental andmanualjobs.•他说老板给他的工作他毫无兴趣3答He saysthejobhis boosoffers himisofno interestto him.一个人是工作者还是劳动者可以从他对休闲的态度上看出来答案
4.答Whether oneisaworker orlaborer canbeseenform hisattitude towardleisur e.对他来说，休闲意味着没有强制
5.答To him,leisure meansfreedom frompulsion.UNIT
14、1word studycapture,foster,avail,suspect,convincecapture
1、捕获；、夺得，占领vt.l2Captured bythe enemy,the soldierswere indanger ofbeing shot.战士们被敌人俘虏后处于被枪毙的危险Its easierto captuiethe castlefrom within.堡垒更容易从内部攻破、捕获，夺得；、捕获物n.l2He layperfectly stilland playeddead toescape capturebythe enemy.他一动不动地躺在地上装死，以逃避被敌人俘获The firstcapture ofthe daywas afox.那天第一件猎物是一只狐狸foster2鼓励，促进；、养育，抚养；、报（希望等）vt.K23收养的aSome Americanfilms fosterfeelingsofhatred betweennations.有些美国电影散播国家之间的仇恨情绪We fosteredthe boywhile hismotherwasin hospital.这男孩的母亲住院时，由我们抚养他The operationfostered hopeinthepatient.手术使病人又产生了希望avail3有利，有助vt./vi.意思是“利用”to awailoneself ofThe medicine didntavail againstthe disease.开始，着手进行launch out intoOur armylaunched anattack ontheenemy.我们的军队向敌人发起猛攻The policelaunched aninvestigation intothecase.警察对此案开展了调查The researchgroup launchedout into a seriesof newexperiment.研究小组着手进行了一系列新的实验operate4＞运转，起作用；、动手术vi.12on,uponThe elevatoroperates smoothly.电梯运行顺利Themedicinegradually operated.药物逐渐奏效了The doctoroperated onthe neckofthepatient.医生给病人的颈部动手术、操作，操纵，经营；、对动手术vt.l2This airlineoperates fivemain linesand dozensof branchlines.这家航空公司经营五条主干线和十几条支线Do youknow howto operatethe machine你知道怎么开这台机器吗？The doctoroperated thepatient onthe neck.医生给病人的颈部动手术He wasoperated onfor lungcancer.他因肺癌动了手术、常考句型
2、天文学家和科学家认为黑洞是一种空间区，物质可以掉进黑洞但任何物质不能逃脱1P1Astronomers andscientists think thata black hole isaregion ofspace Atowhich matterhas fallenandfrom whichnothing canescape.、理论上是这样的当某些星体的密度增大到某一特定点时便发生爆炸2P2The theoryisthatsome starsexplode whentheir density increases toa particularpoint.、有人认为圣诞星可能是一颗超新星3P2Some peoplethink thatthe Startof Bethlehemcould havebeenasupernova.、假定一个人掉进黑洞，他会认为很快就能到达黑洞中心4P3If aman fellinto a black hole,he wouldthinkthathe reachedthe centerof itvery quickly.、只是在近几年天文学家才开始具体研究黑洞5P3It isonly recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes.、另一方面，科学家们也在设想，由于有非常先进的技术，人们也许能在将来利用黑洞为人6类服务P5On theother hand,scientists havesuggested thatevery advancedtechnology couldone daymake useofthe energyof black holes for mankind.、习题3练习Unit2词汇英译汉Lescape,explode,collapse,shrink,gravity,measurement,basis,launch,convincing,panion,speculation,swallow,operate,tomake useof,a great many,above all.句子英译汉2与常考句型相同1-67There mightbeamassive black hole atthe centerof ourgalaxy swallowingup stars ataveryrapid rate.8They showus aworld whichoperates ina totallydifferent way from our own andthey questionourmost basicexperience ofspace andtime.句子汉译英3黑洞是什么，天文学家还没有完全解决这个问题Astronomers havenot yetfully solvedtheproblemofwhata black holeis.据说黑洞可以将其周围的一切物体，如星星吞食掉It issaid thatblack holesare ableto swallowupallthe objectsaround them,such asstars.对黑洞的研究刚刚开始，各种各样的假说层出不穷The researchof black holes isjust beginningand speculationabout themare endless.科学家仍不能说出黑洞内发生了什么Scientists stillcannottell what hens inside a black hole.It isstill impossiblefor scientiststo tellwhathensinsidea blackhole.如果我们认识了黑洞，黑洞就不那么可怕了If weunderstood black holes,they wouldnotbe so fearful.Black holeswillnotbesofearful ifwe gettoknowthem.单元课后练习I.Word Spelling.密度1n.density____________使倒塌，使崩溃
2.v.collapse________________.边界线，边界3n.boundary____________.永恒的，经久不变的4a.c____________.基础，根据5mb____________.发射，发动6v.l___________.双胞胎之一7a.t___________.同伴，同事8n.c___________.人类9n.m____________.推测,猜疝10n.s____________.吞11v.s___________.不充分的12a.i___________.物质13n.m__________.情况，环境14a.c___________.发生，出现15v.o___________.强烈的16a.i____________.证据17n.e___________.看不见的18a.i____________.宇航员19n.a___________热带的
20.a.t____________II.Word Form
1.Supernovaereport byastronomers inthe seventeenthand eighteenthcenturies.
1.1magine theearth reducedtothesize ofa marble,but stillhavethesamemass,and youhavesomeideaof theforce ofablackhole.
1.1f onemakea journeyovertheContinents onewould findevery kindof surfaceincluding mountainranges,plains,and emptyareas coveredpermanently byice andsnow.
4.And astronomersare planninga newobservatory tostudy theindividual explodingstarsbelieve tobeblack holes.
5.Matter fromthe onewhich wecan seepulltowards thepanion star.
6.There mightbeamassive blackhole atthe centreof ourgalaxyswallow upstarsataveryrapid rate.
7.The mostconvinceevidence of black holes esfrom research into binary star systems.
8.They showus aworld whichoperates inatotal differentwayfromourown.
9.The surfaceof someareasconsist largelyof highmountains anddeep valleys.
10.Our worldisthehome ofaverygreatmanydifferent people-peoples withdifferentcolour skins.III.Vocabulary andStructure
1.Astronomers andscientists thinkthatablackholeisaregion ofspace nota thingwhichmatter hasfallenand whichnothing canescape-not evenlight.[A]into into[B]into from[C]from into[D]from from
2.This processof shrinkingmay beso intenseablackhole results.[A]whether[B]what[C]which[D]that
3.Binary stars,their namesuggests,are twinstars whoseposition inspace affectseach other.[A]as[B]that[C]what[D]if
4.1nsomebinary systems,astronomers haveshown thatthereisan invisiblepanion star,a partnertowhich wecan seeinthesky.[A]the one[B]that[C]the ones[D]those
5.On theother hand,scientists havesuggested thatvery advancedtechnology couldone daytheenergy ofblackholesformankind.[A]make funof[B]make sureof[C]makeuseof[D]make senseof
6.Astronomers haveevidence ofa fewother starstoo,which mighthave blackholes as.[A]panies[B]parisons[C]pounds[D]panions
7.The earthisoneof nineplanets whichmove inroundthesun.[A]track[B]orbit[C]tour[D]route
4.1n August1977,a satellitewastogather dataaboutthe blackholesintheMilky way.[A]posted[B]delivered[C]launched[D]transmitted
9.The termswe wouldnormally useto describea scientificphenomenon arehere.[A]inadequate[B]invisible[C]intense[D]individual
10.We knownothing aboutevents whichhen onceobjects passthis boundary,But,matter mustbehavevery differentlyinside thehole.[A]in addition[B]in person[C]in detail[D]in theoryIV.C-E Translation这个收缩的过程如此强烈，以至于黑洞产生了
1..直到最近天文学家们才开始研究黑洞2,但是从理论上说，物质在黑洞里的行为一定非常不同
3.黑洞最强有力的证据来自对双星系的研究4•有一天也许人类也会遭此命运5单元自测答案Unit2I.Word Spelling
1.density
2.collapse
3.boundary
4.constant
5.basis
6.launch
7.twin
8.panion
9.mankind
10.speculation
11.swallow
12.inadequate
13.matter
14.circumstance
15.occur
16.intense
17.evidence
18.invisible
19.astronaut
20.tropicalII.Word Form
1.were reported
2.having
3.made
4.believed
5.is beingpulled
6.swallowing
7.convincing
8.totally
9.consistslO.colouredIII.Vocabulary andStructureIV.C-E Translation
1.This processof shrinkingissointense thatablackhole results.
1.1tisonly recently/It isnot untilrecentlythatastronomershavebegunspecificresearchintoblackholes.
1.8utintheory,matter mustbehave very differently/inaverydifferentmanner insidetheblackhole.
4.The mostconvincing evidenceofblackholesesfromresearchintobinarystarsystems.
5.Mankind mayonedaymeet thisfate.、历年试题4星体的密度增大到一定程度时就会发生爆炸
1.答The starwill explodewhen itsdensityincreasesto someextent.,你能想象黑洞的引力有多大吗？2答Can youimagine howstrong thegravitational pullofablackholeis假如有人掉进黑洞，他会认为很快能到达黑洞的中心
3.答If aman fellintoablackhole,he wouldthinkthathe reachedthe centerof itvery quickly.早在世纪天文学家便对超新星有过报道
4.17答Supernovae werereported byastronomers asearly asintheseventeenth century.,他已尽了全力以达到自己的目标5答He hasexerted allhis strengthto attainhis goal.UNIT
3、1word studyrequest,ensure,oppose,burden,open uprequest1请求，要求n./vt.request后面接for,表示要求的对象；“根据要求”为by（或on）request；应…之要求”则为atsbs requestoHemadearequest forimmediate help.他要求立即给予帮助Minibuses stopby request.小公共汽车招手即停（）Instructions willbesentimmediately onupon requist.说明将按要求立即寄出The singergave onemore songat ourrequest.歌唱家在我们的要求下又唱了一首歌Your silenceis requested.请勿说话ensure2保证，担保vt.后面接或表示“保证免于”；后面接或则表示“保证ensure against from,to for,具有”We can ensure thattheworkwillbedoneinthe rightway.我们可以保证把工作做好（或）The policecanensurethe witnessagainstfromdanger.警察能保证证人免受危险（或）This measureensure toforusa voiceinthematter.这项措施使我们在这件事上具有发言权oppose3」、反对，反抗；、使相对，使对抗（）vt2toMany peopleopposed buildinganewhighway becauseofthegreat cost.由于代价过于高昂，许多人都反对修一条新公路To thedifficulties sheopposed awill ofiron.她用钢铁般的意志对待困难What hesaid wastotally opposedtothefacts.他说的与事实完全相反We arefirmly opposedto thisdirty politicaldeal.。
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