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（二十九）阅读理解+阅读七选五I.阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项A（2024•太原高三模拟）Where there are humans,there arehouse sparrows.But despitetheirsuggestive speciesname,Passer Domesticus,they aren，t officiallydomesticated.The bold,tinyand gray-and-brown birdsare foundon everycontinent exceptAntarctica,hopping aroundcities,pecking（啄）at leftoverfood on sidewalks,and sometimeschasing awaynative birdspecies.Thehouse sparrowshave adapted to livingalongside humans,but thisfriendly behaviorto humansis legendary.No oneknew whatset themapart from the otherwild membersof thesparrow family.Looking fora geneticexplanation,Mark Ravinet,an revolutionarybiologist andhiscolleagues caughtdozens ofsparrows atsites acrossEurope.They setup mistnets thatharmlesslytrapped the birds as they flewinside一measured andtagged thebirds,drew bloodsamples,andthen releasedthem.Back in the lab,they sequencedthebirdsDNA.They foundthat thehousesparrow，s genesof manyregions appeared to have experienced positive selection,helping thebirdslive alongside humans.The evolutionaryprocess ofnatural selectionmay havefavoredgenetic changesthat alteredtheir skullshape and allowed themto eatfood withstarch（淀粉）一similar to domesticated animalslike dogs.The mostsignificant signof positive selectioni「nthebirdsDNA wasfound ina regionwith twoknown genesone islinked toskull developmentandanother helpscreate the amylase（淀粉酶），which helpsbreak downstarch inhumans,dogsand otherdomesticated animals.Changes toboth genesmight havehelped thehouse sparrowseathuman-cultivated foods.Another evolutionarybiologist SamuelAndrew saysthe workis anexciting newstep forbirdresearchers thatcould answermany questionsabout howsparrow speciesadapted todifferentconditions.But heand Ravinetagree theremay bechanges toother genesthat weremissed inthisinitial analysis,yet stillhelped thebirds take advantage of humans.“If youlive ina majorcity,therearemore animalsaround youthan yourealize,v Ravinetsays.They have a historyandastory totell.”
1.What dowe knowabout thehouse sparrowsfrom Paragraph1A.They aredomesticated.B.They arevery friendly.C.They arewell-adapted.D.They area rarespecies.
2.What isthe purposeof Ravinet，s researchA.To experiencepositiveselection.B.To confirmthe speciesname ofhouse sparrows.C.To comparehouse sparrowswith otherdomestic animals.D.To geneticallyexplain house sparrows friendly behavior.
3.Why istheamylaseimportant togenetic changeA.Because ithelps digeststarch.B.Because allanimals cancreate it.C.Because itpromotes skulldevelopment.D.Because itcan sequenceanimals，DNA.
4.What canwe concludefrom the text
1.House sparrows，history islegendary.
8.House sparrowstakeadvantageofhumans.
9.The skullshape determinesanimals，evolution.10Positive selectionin DNAlea.ds tobiological evolution.体裁说明文题材自然主题家雀的基因与进化【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文通过主动的基因选择，家雀适应了现在的生存环境11解析:推理推断题依据第一段中的“The bold,tiny...onsidewalks”和“The housesparrowshave adaptedto livingalongsidehuman可推知，家雀的适应实力很强答案C12解析:推「理推断题依据第一段中的“but thisfriendlybehaviorto humansislegendary.No oneknew whatset themapart fromthe otherwild membersof thesparrow family,,及其次段第一句中的uLooking fora geneticexplanation^可推知,Ravinet的探讨的目的是想从基因上说明家雀具有友好行为的缘由答案；D
13.解析细微环节理解题依据其次段中的“which helpsbreak down...eathuman-cultivated foods,可知，这种淀粉酶对基因变更重要的缘由是它有助于消化淀粉答案A14解析推理推断题依据其次段中的“They foundthat thehousesparrow，s genesof manyregionsappearedto have experiencedpositiveselection...similar to domesticated animalslikedogs”和倒数其次段中的“the workis anexciting newstep forbird researchersthat couldanswermany questionsabout howsparrow speciesadaptedtodifferent conditions可推知，主动的基因选择会引起生物的进化答案DB（2024•武昌高三调研）Parents complainabout theirteenagers，noses constantlyin theirphones,but theymight wantto pay attention to their own screen timehabits.A studyout WednesdayfromthePew Research Center foundthat two-thirds ofparents areconcerned about theamount of time theirteenage childrenspend infront ofscreens,while morethan a third express concernabout theirow nscreen time.rMeanwhile,more thanhalf of teens saidthey oftenor sometimesfind theirparents to beabsent-minded whenthe teensare tryingtohave a conversationwith them.The studycalls teens，relationship with their phonesat times“hyperconnected”and notesthat nearlythree-fourthscheck messagesor notifications（通知）as soonastheywake up.Parents dothe same,but atalower ifstill considerablerate-57percent.Big techcompanies facea growingbacklash（剧烈反应）against theaddictive natureoftheir phones and apps,the endlessnotifications andother featurescreated tokeep peoplefastenedto their screens.Many teensare tryingto dosomething aboutit52percent saidthey havecut backon thetimethey spendon theirphonesand57percent didthe samewith socialmedia.Experts sayparents havea bigrole in their kidsscreen habitsand settinga goodexampleis a big part of it,Kids don，t alwaysdo what we say but they do as we do,“said DonaldShifrin,a professorat theUniversity ofWashington Schoolof Medicine,who wasnot involvedinthestudy.Parents arethe doorthat kidswill walkthrough ontheir waytotheworld.”The studysurveyed743US teensand1,058US parentsofteensfrom March7to April
10.Therange oferror is
4.5percentage points.
5.According tothe survey,how manyparents areconcerned about theirscreent imerA.About
354.B.About
317.C.About
603.D.About
705.
6.What doesthe underlinedword“hyperconnected”in Para.3meanA.Interactive.B.Undervalued.C.Nonexistent.D.Overdeveloped.
7.Who makesit hardfor peopleto fightagainst phoneaddictionA.Protective parents.B.The PewResearchCenter.C.Inexperienced teens.D.Greedy techcompanies.
8.What doesthetextsuggest parentsdo about their kids，screen habitsA.Upgrade thesmart phones.B.Criticize kidsfor badhabits.C.Forbid kidsfrom usingphones.D.Cut downtheir ownscreen time.体裁说明文题材社会生活主题对父母和孩子沉溺于手机的探讨【语篇解读】父母总是埋怨他们的孩子太沉溺于手机，其实是他们自身的这种行为影响到了孩子为了避开孩子对手机上瘾，父母自身应当首先树立好榜样
5.解析数字计算题依据其次段最终一句的while more thanathirdexpressconcern abouttheirownscreentime”和最终一段中的“The studysurveyed743US teensand1,058US parentsofteens”可知，这次探讨调查了1058位父母,而他们中超过1/3的人表示对自己运用手机的时间担忧;由此可知10584-3^
352.7；又依据morethan可知，应当大于352,故选A答案A
6.解析词义揣测题依据第一段中的“Parents complainabout theirteenagers，nosesconstantly intheir phonesv和其次段中的two-thirds ofparents areconcernedaboutthe amountoftime theirteenage childrenspend infront ofscreens”者E提到父母担忧孩子看手机的时间太长；而画线词所在句又讲到青少年一醒来就先查看手机的信息和通知；由此可推知，孩子和手机之间的关系是“过度联系”，故画线词与D项意思相近答案D
7.解析推理推断题依据第四段内容可推知，大型科技公司为了自己的利益，会不断研发使人上瘾的手机功能，故选D答案D
8.解析推理推断题依据倒数其次段中的“Experts sayparents havea bigrole intheirkids，screen habitsand settinga goodexample isabigpartofit”以及“Kids don，t alwaysdowhatwesaybuttheydoaswedo”可知，父母对于孩子看手机的习惯有不行推卸的责任，树立榜样意义重大.；由此可推知，文章建议父母削减自己看手机的时间，故选D答案DC（2024•安徽五校联盟质量检测）While anentire monthfree ofhomework or tests maysoundtoo goodtobetrue,that isexactly whatthe studentsat SturenskolanSchool inBoden,Swedenwere treatedto in April.What，s more,if theresults of the experimentprove encouraging,starting2024,the middleschoolers willnever haveto worryabout after-school workortests,asidefrom thenational examinations,which arecompulsive forstudents acrossthe country.The schooTs principal,Petronella Sirkka,who cameup withthe idea,said,“We areconstantlyreceiving newreports thatour childrenfeel bad.And thatsbecause they haveahighlevel ofstress allthe time.This isour wayof tryingto reducethat stress.”The educatorsays thatwhile banninghomework andtests soundsradical（激进的），itmakes sensegiven thechanges inthe curriculumand approachesto education.While inthe paststudents were primarilysubjected tomemorizing facts,learning todayis allabout reflectionand analysis.As aresult,it isoften harderfor kids,especially thosewith littlesupportat home,to comprehendthe materialby themselves.Sirkka isnot theonly onewho believesafter-school workdoes nothelp studentslearn.InMarch2024,another principalin Canadaalso decidedto doaway with homework.They hopeparentswill spend the extra time readingto theirkids.While thelong-term impactof therecent decisionsmade bythe twoeducators remainsto beseen,the experimenthas alreadyproved successful„in Finland which has done away withhomework,grades,and eventeaching bysubjects formany years.Yet,Finnish studentsalways rankhighin thePISA（Programme forInternational StudentAssessment）tests especiallyin math and,science buttheyhavethe leasthomework!Hopefully,it willonly bea matteroftimebeforeUS educatorsfollow theirlead andban after-school workas well!
9.The studentsat SturenskolanSchool hadno homeworkinAprilbecause.rA.the headmasterwas experimentingwith herideaB.they neededtodosome experimentsduring themonthC.they werebusy preparingfor thenational examinationsD.the headmasterhad tocarry outthe government，s policy
10.What makeschildren，s learninghardnowadaysA.Children havetodomore analyzing.B.The approachto educationis complex.C.Children getno support at homeand school.D.There aremany morefacts tomemorize.
11.What doesPetronella Sirkkamost likelyadvise parentsto doA.Help childrenwiththeirhomework.B.Free childrenfrom after-school housework.C.Spend moretime readingto theirchildren.D.Communicate withteachers fromtime totime.
12.What canwe inferaboutthestudents inFinlandA.They studythe hardestat school.B.They havea morerelaxing schoollife.C.They enjoygreat successafter graduation.D.They allhaveatalent formathandscience.体裁说明文题材学校生活主题取消家庭作业和考试【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文瑞典一所学校在四月份取消了学生的家庭作业和考试，这是该校校长Petronella Sirkka看到学生作业负担太重而提出的举措，且芬兰实行的类似做法已获胜利
9.解析细微环节理解题依据其次段第一句中的“The schooTs principal,PetronellaSirkka,who cameup withthe idea”，并结合第一段的内容可知，Sturenskolan学校的学生们在四月份没有家庭作业和考试是该校校长提出的想法，故A项正确答案A
10.解析细微环节理解题依据第三段其次、三句While inthe paststudentswereprimarilysubjected tomemorising facts,learning todayis allabout reflectionandanalysis.As aresult,it isoften harderfor kids,especially thosewith littlesupportathome,to comprehendthematerial bythemselves”可知，在过去，学生主要是被要求记住事实，而如今学生须要的是反思和分析因此，孩子们往往很难自己理解这些材料据此可知，反思和分析让孩子们的学习更加困难故A项正确答案AL
1.解析推理推断题依据第四段尾句“They hopeparents willspendtheextratimereadingto theirkids”可推知，Petronella Sirkka很可能会建议父母花些时间为他们的孩子们阅读，故C项正确答案c
12.解析推理推断题依据尾段第一句中的“・.・the experimenthas alreadyprovedsuccessful inFinlandwhichhasdoneawaywithhomework,grade,and eventeaching bysubjectsfor manyyears”可知，多年来，芬兰已经取消了家庭作业、成果等级，甚至科目教学据此可推知，芬兰学生的学校生活更加轻松，故B项正确答案BII.阅读七选五依据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项选项中有两项为多余选项（2024•河南五校高三联考）For most students,writing moreclearly andpersuasivelypresents agreat challenge._1_Few ofthem,though,focus onfilling theiressays withnecessaryinformation and details,let aloneorganizing theinformation.In orderto makean essayconvincing,students shouldknow how to selectthe necessaryinformationanddetails.—2Information thatcan helpstudents clarifyand betterconvey theirideasis certainlyimportant.To figureout whatthis is,you shouldmake sureyou understandthe theme ofthe essay.—3—Suppose youwere askedto writean essaydescribing a memorable eventin yourlife.You shouldstart off by thinking aboutthe eventsyou，veexperienced,and whya particularevent isespeciallymemorable to you.4While writingthe essay,you shouldconstantly remindyourself thatsincethe eventmust beamemorableone,you shouldpayattentionto describingthe detailsthat makeitso special.5Indeed,before youinclude anyinformation inyour essay,you shouldthink abouthowto link reasons,examples anddetails togetherbefore youstart writing.Only thenwill youbeable toproduce astrong andcoherent（连贯的）essay.A.But howdo youknow what to includeB.Good writingis sureto leavea deepimpression onthe readers.C.Through this process,you canchoose ameaningful experience.D.You canbegin witha question,such aswhy Imwriting thisessay.E.Many canwrite grammaticallycorrect sentencesand choose proper words.F.However,even ifyou thinkof goodreasons andexamples,you musttry toorganize youressay well.G.Only afterclearly understandingthe topiccan youchooseproperreasons andexamplesto supportyour ideas.体裁说明文题材学校生活主题写作的要领【语篇解读】本文为说明文，简要阐述了一些学生如何写作的要领
1.解析依据前一句中的moststudents和后一句中的Few ofthem可知空处与students有关；依据后一句中的though（然而）可知空处与后一句形成转折关系故E项正确答案E
2.解析:前——句中的“Students shouldknow howto selectthe necessaryinformation anddetailsv及下文关于如何选择信息的内容与A项中的“whattoinclude”吻合，故A项正确答案A
3.解析依据前一句中的“you shouldmake sureyou understandthethemeoftheessay”可知G项正确答案G
4.解析前——句“You shouldstartoffbythinkingabouttheevents...toyou”与C项的thisprocess”吻合，故C项正确答案C
5.现单析下文中的“howtolinkreasons,examples anddetails togetherbefore youstartwriting”与F项中的“organize youressaywell”吻合，故F项正确答案F。
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