讲与练15 推理判断题攻略原卷版---2022年高考英语大二轮复习讲与练

年高考英语大二轮复习讲与练（通用版）202215推理判断题攻略【高频考点回顾】【题型解读】

1.命题要求把已知和未知的信息有机结合经过合理分析和整合形成一定的观点或评价，从而做出合理的推断

2.设题角度通过上下文的字面意思来推测其隐含的文意以及对作者写作目的、文章出处或文中人物的观点、态度或意图等进行正确判断

3.解题思路看透文章的表面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索；透过现象看本质，通过分析、综合、判断，进行符合逻辑的推理

4.解题方法首先定位信息，通过寻读，找到相关信息点；然后弄懂相关信息点的字面意思；再进行信息整合，由因推果，由果推因；由一般推特殊，由特殊推一般；由具体推抽象，由抽象推具体【正确选项特征】

1.是“弦外之音”，是立足原文推断出来的内容，而不是直接叙述的具体信息

2.没有绝对概念的字眼，only,never,all,absolutely因为是根据原文推断出来的内容，略有模糊成分,留有余地，常含有usually、may、some、might can、possibly等词【干扰选项特征】

1.张冠李戴把文中作者的观点与其他人的观点混淆在一起题干问的是作者的观点，选项中出现的却是其他人的观点

2.曲解文意推测意义与文章表层意义有区别根据文中某一句话，或者利用里面的字词设计出干扰项，看似表达文章的意思，实际上是借题发挥，是对原文的曲解

3.偷梁换柱干扰项用了与文章某一句话相似的句型结构和单词，却在考生易忽视的地方换了几个单词,造成句意的改变

4.无中生有这种类型的干扰项往往是基本的生活常识或普遍认可的观点，但文章中并无相关的信息，其次，这种干扰项也有可能与设置的问题毫不相干

5.鱼目混珠此类干扰项常出现在词句理解类试题的选项中，即利用某个词或句子的字面含义代替其在文章特定语境中的具体含义

6.扩缩范围为了准确、严密地表达文章内容，命题者特别注意对文章范围的限定，有时通过加上almost、A.She dislikedher fatherbecause of his job.B.She isa wealthywoman readyto helpothers.C.She helpedDon Joelwhen shewas40years old.D.She isa kindwoman aimingto do more charity.

11.What doesthe authorwant to tell usA.Rose given,fragrant inhand.B.The besthearts arealways thebravest.C.No pain,no gain.D.Sharp toolsmake goodwork.4The firstwave ofa newclass ofanti-aging drugshave begunhuman testing.These drugswont letyou livelonger butaimto treatspecific illnessesby slowinga fundamentalprocess of aging.The drugsare calledsenolytics一they workby removingcertain cellsthat accumulateas weage.Known as“senescent cells,they cancreate low-level inflammation（炎症）that preventsnormal systemsof livingcells repairandcreates apoisonous environmentfor neighboringcells.In June,San Francisco-based UnityBiotechnology reportedinitial resultsin patientswith mild to severeosteoarthritis（关节炎）of theknee.Results from a largerclinical trialare expectedin the second halfof thisyear.Thecompany is also developingsimilar drugsto treat age-related diseasesof theeyes andlungs,among otherconditions.Senolytics arenow in human tests,along with a numberof otherpromising approachestargeting thebiologicalprocesses thatlie at the rootofagingand variousdiseases.A companycalled Alkahestinjects patientswith componentsfound inyoung peoplesblood andsays ithopes tostopconscious andfunctional declinein patientssuffering frommildtomoderate Alzheimersdisease.The companyalso hasdrugsfor Parkinsons and dementiainhumantesting.And inDecember,researchers atDrexel UniversityCollege ofMedicine eventried to see ifa creamincluding theimmune-suppressing drugcould slowaging inhuman skin.The testsreflect researchers*expanding efforts to learnif themany diseasesassociated withgetting older-such asheartdiseases,arthritis,cancer,and dementia-can bedealt withto delaytheir outbreak.

12.Why dothe researchersdevelop thedrugsA.To ridinflammation.B.To lengthenpeoples life.C.To treatage-related diseases.D.To removecancer cells.A.Repairing.B.Cycling.C.Aging.D.Dividing.

13.What doesthe underlinedword senescent“in paragraph2probably mean

14.How doesthe textmainly developA.By listingdata.C.By makingcomparisons.D.By analyzingcauses.B.By providingdetails.A.A diary.B.A guidebook.C.A novel.D.A magazine.

15.Where isthis textmost likelyfromDuring theCO VID-19pandemic,Julia beganher secondyear as a firstgrade teacherin anonline classroom.OneSeptember afternoon,she receiveda callfrom andCynthia,who washaving technicaldifficulties with her granddaughterstoolsfor onlinelearning.Julia immediatelyknew somethingwas wrongwith Cynthia.The twowomen hadspoken manytimes before,butJulia hadnever heardshe soundedlike this.Her wordswere sojumbled thatJulia couldbarely understand her.Julia calledherheadmaster,Charlie,who convincedher thathe wouldcall andcheck onCynthia himself.Just likeJulia,Charlie couldbarely understandCynthia.He suspectedshe mightbe havinga stroke（中风）一herecognized thesigns fromwhen his own fatherhad sufferedone.Charlie immediatelybecame concernedthat Cynthiastwograndchildren,ages sixand eight,were probablyhome alonewithherand scared.Charlie askedhis officemanager tosendan ambulanceto thegrandmothers home.The quickresponse fromJulia andCharlie savedCynthias life.She arrivedatthe hospital intime to get treatmentbeforelong-term damageoccurred.Thanks to an extendedstay in thehospital,she hasregained mostof themovementthroughout herbody exceptfor onehand and a regionof hermouth.“Im proudof thepeople Iwork with,that theyresponded soquickly andthat itdid make a differenceto Cynthia/saysJulia.I amso pleasedto bepart ofsuch acaring community.,,But theschoofs crisisresponse isonly onepiece of thecommunitys extraordinaryeffortstohelp Cynthiaandher granddaughters.Another familywith youngchildren tookin thetwogirls.Virtual learninghas beena challengeacross thecountry,but itsfair tosay that it has helped thecommunity growcloser.Many teachersthere gavetheir personalphone numbersto studentsand familiesin casethey neededextra help.Inthis case,the exchangewas literallylife-altering.

16.Cynthia calledJulia inorder to.A.complain aboutthe poorcontents ofonline learningB.consult abouthergranddaughtersacademic performanceC.seek somehelp forlack ofcertain technicalknowledgeD.volunteer herservices asa teacherin anonline classroom

17.The underlinedword jumbled“in Paragraph2is closestin meaningto.A.briefB.unclearC.gentleD.impolite

18.How didCharlie decidethat Cynthiamight havesuffered astrokeA.By recallinghisownprevious sufferingsfrom thedisease.B.By usinghis professionalknowledge toform thejudgment.C.By combiningJulias callwith thegranddaughters1description.D.By identifyingthe symptomsthat astroke patientmay have.

19.What doesthe authorthink ofvirtual leaningA.It hascaused muchinconvenience toparents.B.It willbring aboutunavoidable leakof privacy.C.It hasprovided morebenefits thanchallenges.D.It needstechnical guidanceto behighly effective.6The useof AIartificial intelligenceis becomingmore commonin manybranches ofindustry andonline shopping.Traditional linesof work,such asgoods transportand driving,are developingin asimilar directionalthough mainlyout ofpublicview.Scientists atthe Universityof Gottingenhave nowinvestigated howefficient高效的the useof AIcan beinthe commercialmanagement of trucks.Digital applications一as wellas machineleaning,a kindof AI-are increasinglyapplied tooperations andcourses inthetransport areaJ explainsProfessor Matthias Klumpp from the Facultyof Economics.The question in thecommercialarea,however,is whetheror notthis contributesto achievinggoals.”To answerthis question,the researcherscompared thework efficiencyoftruckdrivers with their mainuse ofAIapplications.Looking attrade deliveryby truck,they studiedthree groups:the firstdrove completelyfollowing humandecision-making models;the secondused acombination ofhuman andmachine;and thethird dependedcompletely onfully automated decisions.The researchersfound thatan intelligentcombination ofhuman workand decision-making abilitieswith AIapplicationspromises the highest transportand drivingefficiency.On average,thesecondgroup achievedthe mostefficienttransport trips,with thefewest interventions（干预）and off-course from the bestpath.one researchersaid,Clearly,neither acompletely humandecision-making structurenor afullyautomateddriving systemcan promiseto meetcurrentgoods transportrequirements.The scientiststherefore summarizedthat despitethe progressof AI in thefield oftransportationby truck,human experienceand decision-making abilitieswill stillbe necessaryin thelonger term.However,the challengeis thata widerange oftraining andqualification（资格）needs willcome alongby working with Alapplications,especially forsimple goodstransport activities.

20.What doesMatthiasKlumppfocus onA.The efficiencyof AI.B.The advantagesof AI.C.The problemscaused byAI.D.The wideapplications ofAI.

21.How didthe researchersget thefindingA.By providingexamples.B.By makingcomparisons.C.By usingdifferent trucks.D.By listingthree experiments.

22.What canwe knowfrom thelast paragraphA.Al isbetter atmaking decisions.B.A balanceis neededbetween humanand ALC.Human willsoon bereplaced byAIindriving.D.Al applicationsmeet thecurrent requirements.

23.What is the besttitle forthe textA.The futureof transport.B.Artificial intelligenceasaco-driver.C.Artificial intelligence-a betterchoice indriving.D.The strengthsof artificialintelligence intransport.7Black Valley,63kilometers fromdowntown Chongqing,is one of the best preservednatural wondersaround themunicipality.The national5A-level scenicspot isa popularsummer resortfor sightseeing,forest adventures,outdoorcamping,hunting andangling.Located inHeishan town,Wansheng EconomicDevelopment Zone,the scenicspot spansover103square kilometers,97percent ofwhich arecovered byprimitive forests.With over110,000negative oxygenions ineach cubiccentimeter ofair,it isdubbed asa naturaloxygen barand themost beautifulhealthcare-themed valley.”Black Valley isalsoknown as“the naturalgene bankof Chongqingand Guizhouregions“fbr thediversity ofits rareplantsand wildlife,including Cathayaargyrophylla,Davidia involucrata,Trachypithecus francoisiand cloudedleopards.Scenic spotlevel:AAAAAAddress:Heishan town,Wansheng EconomicDevelopment Zone,63kilometers fromdowntown ChongqingOpeninghours:8:30am-3:30pm peak season fromNovember toFebruary,9:00am-3:00pm offseason fromMarch toOctoberIdealsightseeing season:from Mayto SeptemberTicketprice:60yuan$

8.72during offseason and100yuan duringpeakseason,sightseeing busand cablenotincluded.Notes:

1.It isrecommended thattourists startfrom the higher southernarea for a downwardjourney.

2.The averagetemperature is

18.1degrees.

3.Ifs agood ideato experiencethe localfolk cultureof theMiao ethnic group,especially when you chooseto visitinMay whenthe traditionalCaishan Festivalof Miaoethnicgroupis celebrated.

24.What canwe knowabout BlackValleyA.It liesin downtownChongqing.B.Plants andwildlife arerarely seenthere.C.A visitthere costsat most100yuan.D.The airis veryhigh innegative oxygenions there.

25.A besttime for a visitorand loverof thefolk cultureto BlackValleyisinA.January B.March.C.May.D.July.

26.Which sectionisthe text takenfrom in a newspaperA.Culture.B.Travel.C.Nature.D.Wildlife.8At88,1remain acompetitive runner.The finishline ofmy lifeis drawingclose,and Ihope to reach ithaving giventhebest ofmyself alongthe way.Ive beentraining mybody tomeet thedemands of this finalstretch.But,I wonder,should I have askedmore ofmy mindIfI didntexercise,I wouldrelease thehungry beaststhat seektheir elderlyprey oncouches,but not in the gym.Themore Isweated,the morelikely it was mydoctor wouldcontinue tosay,Keep doingwhat youredoing,and rilsee younextyear.My mind,on theother hand,seems lesswilling to give into discipline.Ihavetried Internet“brain games”,solving algebraicproblems flashingpast andchanging theroute ofvirtual trainsto avoidcrashes.But thesenever approachmydetermination toremain physicallyfit as I movedeeper intoold age.Though Ihave manyfriends in their70s,80sand90s,Ive beenfar tooslow torealize thathow werespond toagingis achoice madein themind,notin the gym.Some ofmy healthiestfriends carrythemselves asvictims abusedby time.Other friends,many,whose achingknees andhips are the leastof theirphysical problems,find comfortin theirability toacceptold ageas justanother stageof life to dealwith.I woulduse theworld heroic”to describethe waythey copewithaging.One suchfriend recentlycalled froma hospitaltotellme asudden braindisease hadmade himlegally blind.Heinterrupted meas Ibegan tellinghim howterribly sorryI was:“Bob,it couldhave beenworse.I couldhave becomedeadinstead ofblind/9In spiteof allthe timeI spendlifting weightsand exercising,I realizedI lackthe strengthto havesaid thosewords.Itsuddenly struckme thatIve paida pricefor beinga“gym rat”.If thereis onecharacteristic commonto friendswho areagingwith agraceful acceptanceof lifesattacks,it iscontentment.Aging hadto bemore thanwhat Isaw ina mirror.But ratherthan undertakinga fundamentalchange inthe wayI faceaging.I feltthe placeto beginwould beto startsmall.A recent lunch provideda perfectexample.Ive alwaysfound itextremely difficult to concentratewhen Vmina noisy setting.At thislunch with a friendin anoutdoorrestaurant,a landscaperbegan blowingleaves fromunderneath thebushes surroundingour table.Typically,after suchanoisyinterruption,I would have snapped,lefs waituntil hesfinished!.”,then fallensilent.Whenthe roar（吼叫）eventually faded,my roarwouldhavedrained（消耗）the conversationof anywarmth.It troubledme thatevena passingdistraction（分心）could soeasily takeme fromenjoying lunchwithagood friendtoaplace thatgave menopleasure atall.I wantedthis mealto bedifferent.My yearsin gymshad taughtme toshake offpains andother distractions,never permittingthem tostop myworkoutor run.I decidedto treatthe noisethis way.I continuedtalking withmy friend,challenging myselfto hearthe noise,but toholdit ata distance.The disciplinewas sofamiliar tome inthegym-this timeapplied tomy mind——proved equallyeffectiveinthe restaurant.It wasas thoughI hadtaken mybrain toa mentalfitness center.Learning toignore aleaf blowersroar hardlyequips meto findcontentment duringmy passageinto ever-deeper oldage.But Ileft thelunch feelingI hadat leasttaken a small firststep inchanging behaviorthat stoodintheway ofthatcontentment.Could Iemploy thatsame discipline to acceptwith dignitythe unavoidabledecline awaitingme likethe finishlineHoping thatcontentment willguide measImake myway alongthe pathyet to be travelled.

27.The authorsquestionin Paragraph1implies that.A.he feelsunsatisfied withthe resultof thebrain games.B.he hasnever believedthe necessityof mindtraining.C.He hasrealized heshould mentallyprepare foraging.D.he feelsregret fornot sharpeninghis thinkingskills

28.What canwe learnfrom the authors friendmentioned inParagrph4A.He takesphysical illnessesas theycome.B.He fearsthat hisillness willbecome worse.C.He needsto finda waythrough thosehardships.D.He seeslife asa seriesof disappointments.

29.After thatrecentlunch,the authorrealized that.A.he hadmade smallchanges toadapt toaging.B.therestaurantwas notan idealplace foreatingC.distractions werenot uncommonin everythinglife.D.his roarhad spoiledthe friendlyconversation.

30.Which of the followingcould bethebesttitle forthe passageA.Benefits ofRegular ExerciseB.Old AgeHate andBlessingC.Never TooOld toLearnD.The Secretto AgingWellall nearlymore thannormally usually等词语对文章加以限制，干扰项改变了原文的范围、程度、感情色彩等【解题技巧】技巧1隐含推断题:“一定、二读、三对照”阅读题干，锁定题干中的关键-----------词，定位信息段落一一定,详读信息段落，领悟隐含意义注意文中的情态动词和虚拟语I』读-——对照选项，根据原文信息进行合乎逻辑的推断，勿掺杂自己三方照］的观点I J【真题示例】（2021•新高考I卷・A.节选）Hotel and Hostel Des ArtistesHotel and Hostel DesArtistes islocated justa10-minute walkfromthecentral citystation andits closeto allof thecitysmain attractions.The staffis friendlyand helpful,providing youwithamap of the citywhenyouarrive,and offeringadviceif yourequire some.However,you needto pay2euros aday for Wi-Fi.What isthe disadvantageof Hotel andHostel Des ArtistesA.It getsnoisy atnight.B.Its staffis tootalkative.C.It chargesforWi-Fi.D.Its inconvenientlylocated.【思路分析】一定定位题干中的关键词disadvantage;HotelandHostelDesArtistes;用the disadvantageof HotelandHostelDesArtistes寻读，在文中找到信息段可知，该旅社离中心城市二读车站很近、靠近城市主要的景点、员工友好且乐于助人、提供城市地图、尽可能提供建议However,you needto pay2euros aday forWi-Fi.但母天需要支付无线网络费2欧兀三对照比较选项和信息句可知，支付无线网络费应该是该旅社的缺点故选C技巧2意图推断题“确定、辨别、再推断”通读全文,确定文章体裁确XE—I记叙文表达情感或者某个道理；应用文推销或者介绍;说明文展示用途或者过程;议论文论述道厂占C理或者表达观点辨别--------------------------------------------根据文章或段落主旨推断作者写作目的和意图［真题示例】（2021•全国乙卷.C•节选）Youve heardthat plasticis pollutingthe oceans—between

4.8and

12.7million tonnesenter oceanecosystems everyyear.But doesone plasticstraw orcup reallymakeadifference ArtistBenjamin VonWong wantsyou toknow thatit does.He buildsmassive sculpturesout of plastic garbage,forcing viewerstore-examine theirrelationship tosingle-use plasticproducts.At thebeginning ofthe year,the artistbuilt apiece calledStrawpocalypse,“a pairof1O-foot-tall plasticwaves,frozen mid-crash.Made of168,000plastic strawscollected fromseveral volunteerbeach cleanups,the sculpturemade itsfirstappearance atthe EstellaPlace shoppingcenter inHo ChiMinh City,Vietnam.Just9%of globalplastic wasteis recycled.Plastic strawsare byno meansthe biggestsource（来源）of plasticpollution,but theyverecently comeunder firebecause mostpeople dontneed themto drinkwith and,because of their smallsize andweight,they cannotbe recycled.Every strawthats partof VbnWongs artworklikely camefromadrink thatsomeone usedforonly a few minutes.Once thedrink isgone,the strawwill takecenturies todisappear.Why doestheauthordiscuss plasticstraws inParagraph3A.To showthe difficultyoftheirrecycling.B.To explainwhy theyare useful.C.To voicehis viewson modernart.D.To finda substitutefor them.【思路分析】通读文章，可以确定文章的体裁是说明文文章介绍了艺术家Benjamin VonWong用塑料垃圾制作了一件艺确定术作品，让人们通过这件艺术作品重新审视自己与一次性塑料制品的关系辨别根据第三段“Just9%of globalplastic wasteis recycled.Plastic strawsare byno meansthe biggestsourceofplasticpollution,but theyverecently comeunder fire...the strawwill takecenturies todisappear.（全球只有9%的塑料垃圾被回收塑料吸管绝不是最大的塑料污染源，但它们最近却受到了抨击，因为大多数人不需要吸管喝饮料，而且由于它们体积小、重量轻，无法被回收利用冯・王作品中的每一根吸管都很可能来自只用来喝了几分钟的饮料一旦饮料消失了，吸管将需要几个世纪才能消失）吸管由于体积小，重量轻，很难被回收利用由此可推知，作者在第三段讨论吸管是为了展示它们回收的困难再推断故选A技巧3观点态度题“找关键、定语段、巧比对”杀夭函阅读题干，找准关键词I速读文章，寻找作者对某事物所持观点或态度的语段~尸体会字里行间流露的情感，与选厂7占项进行比对，确定观点态度巧比对【真题示例】（

2021.新高考I卷.D.节选）Although popularbeliefs regardingemotional intelligencerun far ahead of what research can reasonably support,theoverall effects ofthe publicity havebeen more beneficial than harmful.The mostpositive aspectof thispopularization is anew and much needed emphasis（重视）on emotionby employers,educators andothers interestedin promotingsocialwell-being.The popularization of emotional intelligence hashelped boththepublicand researchersre-evaluate thefunctionalityof emotionsand howthey servepeople adaptivelyin everydaylife.What isthe authors attitude to thepopularization ofemotional intelligenceA.Favorable.B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful.D.Unclear.【思路分析】找关键找出题干中的关键词authorsattitudeto thepopularizationofemotionalintelligence根据题干关键词,定位信息段找准信息段------------------------Although popularbeliefs regardingemotionalintelligence runfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport,the overalleffectsofthe publicityhave beenmorebeneficial thanharmful.The mostpositive aspectofthispopularization isa newandmuchneededemphasis定语段（重视）on emotionby employers,educators andothers interestedin promotingsocial well-being.•.（宣传的总体效果一直是利大于弊这种普及最积极的方面是雇主、教育者和其他对促进社会福利感兴趣的人对情感进行了新的、迫切需要的强调情商的普及帮助了公众和研究人员……）比较信息句，字里行间体现作者的态度观点由morebeneficialthanharmful,The mostpositive巧比对aspect及hashelped可知，作者对“情商普及”的态度是赞成的故选A技巧4文章出处题，，察主题、析措辞、定出处”根据文章的主题进行判断，如介绍某产品性能的文章可能来自广告，介绍像理某人生平事迹的文章可能来自传记I根据文章的关键信息或形式进行判断，如含有experiment,research等词的文章可能来自科学报告或研究论文；小标题中含有admission,fee,bus routes等词的析措辞文章可能来白旅行指南根据文章主题和措辞推断文章选自何处定出处）-【真题示例】（2021•全国甲卷・A）Take aview,the Landscape风景Photographer ofthe YearAward,was theidea ofCharlie Waite,oneoftodays mostrespectedlandscape photographers.Each year,thehighstandard ofentries hasshown that the Awardsare theperfectplatform toshowcase thevery bestphotography ofthe Britishlandscape.Take aview isa desirableannual competition forphotographers fromall cornersoftheUK andbeyond.MikeIt wasan extremelycold wintersevening andfreezing foghung inthe air.I climbedto thetop ofShepherd2011asmallrise andrealised thatthe mistwas littlemore thanafewfeet deep,and thoughit wasonly ashortSkiddaw inclimb,I foundmyself completelyabove itand lookingatawonderfully clearview ofSkiddaw withtheWintersun settinginthewest.I usedclassical techniques,translated frommy collegedays spentin theCumbria,darkroom intoPhotoshop,to achievethe black-and-white image图像.EnglandTimothySmith2014I wasback inmy hometown ofMacclesfield to take somewinter images.Walking upa pathMacclesfieldthrough the forest towardsShutlingsloe,a localhigh point,I cameacross asmall clearingandForest immediatelynoticed thedead yellowgrasses setagainst thefresh snow.The smallpine addedto theCheshire,interest and I placedit centrallytotakethe viewfromtheforeground rightthrough into theforest.EnglandWhere canthetextbe foundA.In ahistory book.B.In anovel.C.In anart magazine.D.In abiography.【思路分析】察主题这是一篇应用文文章主要介绍了摄影比赛Take aview以及获奖的相关情况根据第——段“Each year,thehighstandard ofentries hasshown thatthe Awardsaretheperfect platformtoshowcase thevery bestphotography ofthe Britishlandscape.Take aview isa desirableannualcompetitionfor析措辞photographers fromall cornersoftheUK andbeyond.”（每年参赛作品的高水准表明，该奖项是展示英国风景最佳摄影作品的完美平台对于英国和世界各地的摄影师来说,山氏加坡是一项令人向往的年度竞赛）结合下文对两位获奖者及其作品的介绍，可知这篇文章主要介绍了摄影比赛Take aview以及获奖的相关情况，最定出处可能出现在一本艺术杂志上故选C【高频考点强化】1Famous Americanpoet RobertFrost oncesaid,Poetry iswhat getslost intranslation.Although it is notimpossible totranslatepoetry,Xu Yuanchong,a well-known Chinesetranslator,has strivento conveythe beautyof ancientChinesepoetry throughouthis life.His teacherQian Zhongshucommented onhis poetrytranslation,You aredancing whilechained byrhyme（押韵）and rhythm,but thedance showsamazing freedomand beauty,which isquite extraordinary.”Xu hasjust turned100years old.On April1,China Translationand PublishingHouse publisheda seriesofcommemorative移己念的）books abouthis lifeand careertopaytribute tothis centenarian.Since1978,Xu haspublished more than100translated novels,anthologies（选集）and playsin Chinese,English andFrench,reaching potentiallymillions ofreaders athome andabroad.Most notably,he translatedChinese poemsintorhymed versesin bothEnglish andFrench.He isalso thefirst Asianwinner ofthe Aurora Borealis Prize“fbr OutstandingTranslationof FictionLiterature.Xu isknown to be veryfastidious inhis work.He hasdedicated hislifeto[translating]beautifully,\For him,Englishis ascientific“language thatdemands accuracy,while Chineseisan“artistic“language thatincludes awider rangeofcontent.Following thisprinciple,Xu notonly keepsfaithfulness insense butbeauty insensibility inhis translation.Through Xustranslations,time-honored Chinesewisdom hasmade animpact onWestern societiesand theworld atlarge.For instance,when formerUS presidentBarack Obamatried tobegin acontroversial healthcarereform duringhispresidency,some senators（参议员）were opposedat first.But afterreading thepoem titledFishing inSnow（《江雪》）translated byXu,one senatorwas soimpressed withthe fishermansindependent,non-conformist（彳]墨守成规的）thinkingthat hechose topart withthe partylinetosupport Obama,noted NewsChina.Having madesuch greatachievements,the100-year-old remainsdiligent.He livesalone inan oldhouse nearPekingUniversity.In hissimple room,decorated withChinese traditionalfurniture,he maintainsa routine.Every dayhe translatesroughly1,000words,working till3to4am,sleeping about3hours andgetting upat6am tocontinue.Translation isa meansof communicatingwiththewriters soul.A suddenflicker（闪现）of[a]good wordor[a]goodline thrillsevery pore（毛孑L）and everyinch ofmy skin,“Xu toldNewsChina.

1.What doesthe articletell usabout XuYuanchongA.Hes thefirst winnerof TheAuroraBorealisPrize.B.He hastranslated about100Chinese literaryworks intoEnglish.C.He iswidely knownfor histranslated rhymedverse.D.He hasmastered atleast threeforeign languages.

2.What doesthe underlinedword“fastidious“in paragraph5probably meanA.Particular.B.Satisfied.C.Inventive.D.Productive.

3.Why wasBarack Obamamentioned inthe articleA.To showXus popularity.B.To illustrateXus impact.C.To introducehis reform.D.To stressXus wisdom.

4.Which ofthe followingbest describesXuA.Modest andinsightful.B.Considerate andcautious.C.Creative andopen-minded.D.Dedicated andpassionate.In many cultures,itis considered unluckyto spill salt.Fortunately,manyculturesalso havea solutionto theproblem,which usuallyinvolves throwinga pinchof saltover yourshoulder.Tt mayseem confusingto modernhumans,butknowing thatsalt wasonce incrediblyvaluable canchange thisperspective.For thousandsof years,salt wasan extremelyrare commodity.It wasdifficulttoobtain sothattheprice wasveryhigh.Many tradingroutes wereset upto carrysalt,people werepaid insalt,and salt was sometimesworth morethan itsweightin gold.Therefore,spilling salt was consideredwasteful.Because ofits highvalue,salt wasalso associatedwith friendshipand goodfortune.Offerings of salt wereincluded inmanyreligious ceremonies,and peoplemight bringsalt toa newhome forgood luck.These associationswould havesuggestedthatit would bebad luckto spillsalt,since itwould seemto violatesalfs fortunateproperties.Salt isalso anexcellent preservative.It preventsfood fromgoing bad.As such,it cametobelinked withhealth andlongevity.In somecultures,spilling salt was thought to reduceones well-being.In Britain,for example,each spilledgrainwas saidto representa tear,while inGermany spilled salt awakenedthe devil,bringing misfortune.The fearof spillingsaltwasalso adoptedintotheChristian faith.It issaid thatJudas spilledsalt atthe LastSupper,and sincehe laterturned outtobethe betrayerof Christ,spilledsaltisconsideredunlucky bymany Christians.Should yoube unfortunateenough tospillsalt,you mightthrow apinch overyour leftshoulder toblind theDevil.

5.Spilling saltwas probablythoughttobring badluck because.A.itwasa Christianfaith B.saltwaslinked withmisfortuneC.itwoulddecrease oneslifespan D.saltwasalways expensivethan gold

6.What doesthe underlinedword“preservative“probably meaninParagraph4A.Protector.B.Flavor.C.Medium.D.Solution.

7.What isthe authorspurpose inwriting thetextA.To introducethe historyofsalt.B.To showways toavoid misfortune.C.To explainthe beliefsabout spillingsalt.D.To entertainreaders withsome anecdotes.3A youngwoman waswalking inSanta Ana,California,when shecame uponan elderlystreet vendor（小贩）sellingtamales（玉米粉蒸肉）.Seeing howtired helooked inhis wheelchair,she decidedtogivehim afew bucksand asandwich-and shealso gavehim asympathetic earto listento hisstory.When KeniaBarragan firstsaw JoseVilla Ochoa,she thoughtof herown parents.I feltfbr him,she toldKTTVNews,“My parentsare botholder,andIwould hatetoseemy dadout sellingtamales fbrsomebody andbarely makingendsmeet.^^Known as“Don Joel”,he explainedthat althoughhe wanteda job,no companywould hirehim becauseofhisage.Inorder tokeep himselfout ofdebt,he startedto sell tamales cookedby a local woman.At theend ofeach hardday,shewould givehim acut ofthe earnings.This allowedhim tobuy food,but wasnot enoughfor himto affordhis medicaltreatmentoraphone.The28-year-old womanwas happyto listento Don Joels story,but shewanted todomore.She madean appealto herfollowerson Instagramfor someassistance.Within aweek,friends andstrangers floodedher withmorethan$84000indonations.In additiontothemoney raisedfbr Don Joels retirement,Kenia purchasedhim a new wheelchairandashiny newpairof shoes.Even thoughhes94,he sayshe feelslike hes40now,because thekindness hasmade himfeel soalive.Hedescribes thegenerosity as“lifb-changing”.Kenia feelsexactly thesame way.She saysshes alwayslooking fora purposethat helpspeople andthat shesbeenliving inline withthose valuesin hercurrent job,workingwithpeople whohave disabilitiestogetthem transportation.Her goalin lifeis toestablish a homeless shelter.

8.Why didDonJoelselltamales

10.What canwe inferabout Keniain thetextA.To buyanewwheelchair.B.To struggleforaliving.C.To payoff hismedical debt.D.To helpalocalwoman.

9.How didKenia changeDonJoelslifeA.By establishingahomelessshelter.B.By givinghim moneyand sandwiches.C.By collectingdonations onInstagram.D.By listeningto hisstory attentively.。