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陕西省部分地区学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题解析版汇编2021-2022阅读理解陕西省宝鸡市金台区2021-2022学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题第一节（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项Women have been makingscientific discoveries since ancient times.Twelve womenhave won theNobel Prize for Science,one of the highest honors in the world.Some women scientists nevermarried,some workedwith theirhusbands,and othersraised largefamilies.It has been difficultfor women to besuccessful scientists.In theearly1800s in England,Mary Anningbecame one of the first womenrecognized for her（化石）discoveries about the ancient history of the earth.Mary and her fathercollected fossils in theirvillageon thesouth coastof GreatBritain.Fossils areparts of plants oranimals that have beensaved inrocksfor millionsof years.When she was onlytwelve yearsold,Mary became the firstperson to find the almost complete（骨架）skeletons of several animals that no longer existed on the earth.She didn*t becomefamous forher discoveriesat thattime because she oftensold herfossils to get moneyto supporther family.In1891,a youngPolish womannamed Marie Sklodowska traveledto Paris to studyphysics.She didsobecauseshe could notget a college education in Poland.She beganworking in the laboratoryof amannamed Pierre Curie.Marie andPierre Curiegot marriedand mademany discoveriestogether.Theyreceived the Nobel Prize for Physics in1903along with another scientist.Marie Curiebecamethe firstperson to be awardeda secondNoble Prize in1911,this timefor Chemistry.Marie Curiewas one of thefewwomen at the timewho becamefamous as a scientist.
1.The authorbelieves thatwomen scientists.A.have moreopportunities to become successfulB.can notget thehighesthonorsin the worldC.She foughtfor equalrights for women in the U.S.（先锋）D She was apioneer inwinning higher education fbr women in the U.S.BFor anyperson whomust speakin public,to businessor pleasuregroups,humor isa helpfulandnecessary toolfor gettingyour messageacross.Why doeshumor worka lotThere areseveral reasons.People willenjoy whatyou haveto sayif it is presentedwith humor.But,more importantly,if you（有争议的），are in a situationwhere important,and perhapscontroversial ideasmust bepresented to（无威月办的）less thanopen minds,humor allowsthose ideasto bepresented in a nonthreateningmanner.Abraham Lincolnwas famousfbr his ability torelate humorousstories to make apoint.Humorused carefullythroughout apresentation willalso keepthe listeners5interest high.In aword,individualslearning how to use humor in their speechescan strengthenarguments,support interestingpresentationsand,most of alb entertain their audiencein apositive andcomfortable way.While popularculture maywell hold many kindsof humor,some ofit hasno placein presentationsthat are designed to educateand encouragethe audience.If you want to become aprofessional excellent（喜剧演员）comedian whosegoal is100%entertainment,then you may be able to use some of thereference materials like The Art of UsingHumor inPublic Speaking.They can help youdevelop yourskills and sources of humor.To thatend,your participationin thisstudy ofhumor willbecome necessary.Hopefully,you willcome to appreciate thespecial difficultyof entertainingthe audiencewith goodandclean humor.
5.How manyreasons doesthe authorgive fbrusing humorA.One.B.Three.C.Five.D.Seven.
6.Whats thepurpose ofexcellent comediansA.To educatethe audience.B・To encouragethe audience.C.To entertain the audience.D.To exchangewith theaudience.paragraphA.finishing B.conversation C.stop D.result
7.Which of the followinghas asimilar meaningto the underlined word“end”in the lastCWhen wedo notunderstand each others languagewe cantalk with the helpof bodylanguage.A Frenchman was once traveling inEngland.He couldntspeak Englishat all.One dayhe wentintoa restaurant and sat down at a table.When the waiter came,he openedhis mouth,put hisfingers init andtookthem out again.He wanted to say,“Bring mesomething to eat.The waitersoon brought him a cupof tea.The manmoved hishead fromside toside.The waiterunderstood him and tookthe teaaway.In amomenthe cameagain with acup of coffeeand putit on the table.The managain refusedhis offer.Heshook hishead wheneverthe waiterbroughthimsomething todrink,because drinksare notfood.Whenthe manwas goingaway,another mancame in.This mansaw thewaiter,andheput hishands on hisstomach.That wasenough.In afew minutesthere was a largeplate ofmeat andvegetables on the tableinfront ofhim.So yousee,we canunderstand the language ofsigns as well aswe canunderstand the language ofwords.
8.According to the passage,when people do notunderstand eachother9s language,they cantalk with thehelp of.A.hands,head and other partsB.a translatorC.a waiterD.an Englishspeaker
9.A Frenchmansignedto thewaiter.A.to translatethe wordsB.to tellhim what he saidC.to bringhimacupofteaD.to askhim forfood
10.From thestory,we know.A.people canonly understand the language of wordsB.people canunderstand eachother with the helpof thelanguage ofsigns aswell asthelanguage ofwordsC.people can make clearthelanguageof thewaiter and the translatorD.people canunderstand thenative language陕西省西安市临潼区2021-2022学年高一下学期期末质量检测英语试题第一节（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列四篇短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑American VisionaryArt Museum,Baltimore,USATel:410-244-1900（）Ever lookedat someartwork in a galleryno doubtwith wordsof praiseprinted on the wallandthought:Whafs sospecial about that I could dothat.In fact,I coulddo better.Well,the AmericanVisionaryArt Museumis foryou.Grounded in the ideathat notall greatartists goto artschool,themuseum focuses on self-taught art,resulting insome of the mostinspirational artyoull eversee.Cup Noodles Museum,Osaka,JapanTel:072-752-3484Ikeda,a smallcity inOsaka,is thebirthplace of instant noodles.The galleriesat its Cup NoodlesMuseumdocument thejourney fromchicken noodlesto space noodles”.Its a great place,where you can（隧道）make your own noodles,create your own packagingand walkthrough an“instant noodles tunnelMuseo Subacuatico de Arte,Cancun,MexicoTel:998-810-4508You can*t helpbut wonderhow thearchaeologists of the futurewill describe the museum.At first（雕sight,the underwatergallery lookslike arediscovered ancientcity.It containsover500sculptures塑品）（浮）替）of six different artists,which havebeen placedontheocean floorfor snorkellingtourists（）and schools of fish.The museummay also be viewedby glass-bottom boat.Vent Haven Museum,Kentucky,USATel:859-341-0461Theres somethingextremely charmingabout enteringa roomand seeinga crowdof ventriloquist（口技假人）dummies staringback atyou.Thats whatyou get at Vent HavenMuseum,which houses（more than900dummies.It startedas onemans privatecollection,and itsstill semi-private youvegot to）book atour48hours beforearriving.This is the perfectplace to find outhow to get into theventriloquism game.
1.Which numbershould youcall if you areinterested infast foodA.410-244-
1900.B.072-752-
3484.C.998-810-
4508.D.859-341-
0461.
2.What canyou do in Museo Subacuaticode ArteA.Create your own artwork.B.Watch aventriloquism show.C.See sculptureswhile swimming.D.Walk through an underseatunnel.
3.Where is the museumthat requiresadvance bookingA.In Baltimore.B.In Osaka.C.In Cancun.D.In Kentucky.B（欺负）,When aHouston dadfound outhis eight-year-old sonwas beingbullied hedidnt getmadat the classmate who teased him.Instead,he talkedwith theso-called bullyand realizedthat theboy wasstruggling,too.Aubrey Fontenotsson,Jordan,told hima boynamed Tamarion was teasinghim.Fontenot decidedtosit downwith his son andTamarion tounderstand whatwas going on,and somethingunexpectedhappened.Tamarion told Fontenot he was being teased at school,too.I asked,By whoYou arebig.You arehuge.Who isteasing you^^^the fathersaid.He said,Just allthe otherkids,man.They aremaking funofme.Fontenot learnedthat Tamarionwas gettingteased forhis clothes and shoes-his clothes and shoeswereold anddirty.Fontenot thenspoke to the boysmother.She kind of confirmedit,“Fontenot said.“And she said「Thats thekindofsituation.,,9He feltsympathetic to the youngboy andwanted tohelp.So heasked Tamarion^mom ifhe couldtakeher sonto dosome shopping.Fontenot postedvideos of their tripto themall onsocial mediaand theywent viral.Tamarioneventually smiled,and thenthe twowere laughingand singingtogether ontheir shoppingtrip.Just as ifhe weretaking hisown sonto dosome shopping,Fontenot gotTamarion newclothes andshoes,andshared wordsof wisdomwith him.Then,the dadunited the two boys.He saidit was awkward atfirst-just a day earlier,they didntgetalong well at school.But the two classmatesstarted playingsports gamestogether and soon becamefriends.It wasnot just about theclothesandshoes.Tamarion gaineda friendin Jordan,and amentor in hisdad.Fontenot saidhe was also bulliedwhen hewas achild,so he knew it was important to listentoTamarion^story.He chosekindness insteadof angerand broughtthe two boys together.“I wouldntsaythat was the goal,but that was thereward JFontenot said.
4.What wasFontenofs attitude toward hissons beingbulliedA.Amazed andembarrassed.B.Angry andimpatient.C.Calmand sensible.D.Sad anddiscouraged.
5.Why doesthe authorsay somethingunexpected happened^^in the second paragraphA.Fontenot likedTamarion instantly.B.Tamarion bulliedJordan outofkindness.C.Tamarionwas also avictim ofbullying.D.Fontenot andTamarions motherused tobefriends.
6.What didFontenot doto solvethe problemof bullyingA.He turnedto theschool forhelp.B.He askedTamarion^mother tosettlethe problem.C.He orderedhissonnever toplay withTamarion again.D.He madethetwoboys unitedand jointogether.
7.What canwe knowfrom the textA.Jordans beingbullied arosefrom hisclothesandshoes.
8.Jordan andTamarion got along wellin the beginning.
9.Tamarion^mother paidlittle attention to Tamarion.
10.Fontenot communicatedwith Tamarionsmother toknow abouthim.CStanding inmy office25years agowas anunknown youngastronomer with a half-smile on her face.（修改）She hadcome withan impossiblerequest thatmy teammodify ourthoroughlytested softwareto makeone of our mostimportant scientificinstruments dosomething ithad neverbeendesigned for and riskbreaking it.All to carry outan experimentthat wasbasically awaste oftime and一couldnt bedone prove thata massive black hole lay at the center ofour MilkyWay.My initialno way“gradually gaveway in the faceof hercheerful butfirm determination.AndreaGhez,one ofthree winnersof thisyears Nobel Prizein Physics,impressed mewith her work onprovidingsolid evidence of asupermassive black hole withthe massof fourmillion sunsliving at thecenter of the MilkyWay galaxy.That determination and thewillingness to take calculatedrisks has always characterizedAndrea.For25years shehas focusedalmost completelyon SagittariusA-the nameofourown local supermassiveblack hole.It isremarkable thatan entire field ofstudy hasgrown upin thequarter century,of searchingfor and finding evidenceof these monsters thought to lie atthe heart of every large galaxy.（天文台）Andrea didherworkattheW.M.Keck Observatorystwin telescopeson MaunakeaHawaii,in thecalm andclear airalmost14000feet abovethe PacificOcean.She startedusing thevery（）（大first instrument fixed on Keck Observatorys Near Infrared Camera NIRC,now zoacinthe lobby厅）at ourheadquarters.Andrea isfond ofpointing outthat one of the reasons fbrher successhas beenthis tightand rapid（循环）loop betweenthe needsof theastronomers and the engineerswho respondedto thechallenge.This ismy friendand longtimecolleague,the onewho refusedto takeno fbr an answer:AndreaGhez,winner of the2020Nobel Prizein Physics.
8.Which wordsbest describeAndrea GhezA.Confident and adaptable.B.Determined andcreative.C.Brave andkind.D.Cooperative andgenerous.
9.What isthe passage mainly aboutA.The Noble Prizeforphysics.B.How Andreawon theNobel.C.Friendship betweencolleagues.D.What makesAndrea different.
10.What doesthe underlinedword gracing“in Paragraph4meanA.Bringing honourto.B.Being kindenough to attend.C.Moving in a smoothway.D.Advancing thelevel.
11.From which isthetext probablytakenA.A researchpaper.B.A sciencefiction.C.A websiteabout scientists.D.A fashionmagazine.DThe firstgreat agricultural revolution happened10,000years ago,when humanssettled onfarms.The secondwasthe“green revolution“from the1930stothe1960s,in whichadvances infertilization,mechanization,and irrigationdramatically increasedglobal foodproduction.The thirdis likelyto comefrom information,as digitaltechnology andbig data help farmers make better decisions and drive up cropproduction.Michael Stem,president andchief executiveofficer ofClimate Corp.,said that the ability to gatherdetailedinformation aboutfarmers,fields,coupled withadvances inweather forecasting,computing一power,and artificialintelligence,will changefarming froma businessthat oftenreacts tothe pastapplyinginsecticide thisyear becauseof adisease outbreaklast year—to onethat usesreal-time dataandweather forecaststo makemore accuratedecisions for the seasonto come.Over thecourse of a growingseason,farmers make40to50key decisionsthat affectcrop一performance.Recent trendsthathaveswept otherareas ofsociety such as cheapdata storage,the一abilitytotransfer datawitlessly,and dramaticincreases incomputing powerhave thepotential totransformthe farm.Stem offered the example of a farmer preparingfbr theregular fallfertilizing ofhis fieldswhodelays the application after being informed of a coming storm.That decisionreduces runoff,keepsfertilizer onthe field,and helpscontrols farmer^costs.As datagathers season after season,computermodels will help fannersbetter manage fertilizer and other additions to optimize production andminimizerunoff.Remote sensingis anotherway thatmodern technologycanhelp farmers knowwhats goingon intheirfields.Many farmersdrive aroundto monitorgrowth andwatch forpests and diseases.But thesesurveysare typicallyrandom and dont covermore than2percent of a field.Remote sensingcan provideaccurate data that covers an entirefield and cables recommendations tailored to whafsgoingonin thestrickenarea.
12.What maythe thirdagriculturalrevolutionhelpfarmersdoin the futureA.Make reasonabledecisions.B.Grasp computingability.C.Deal withbig data.D.Develop businesspotentials.
13.Why didthe authorgive anexample inParagraph4according tothetextA.To confirmthe comingofastorm.B.To explain thereasonof fertilizerrunoff.C.To stressthe effectof informationapplication.D.To show the useof computer models.
14.What istheadvantage of the remotesensing technologyA.It canshow typicalrandom.B.It candrive up crop productionC.It canremove pestsanddiseases.D.It canoffer exactstatistics.
15.What isthe authorsattitudetothe comingagriculture revolutionAOpposed.B.Neutral.C.Positive.D.Unclear.■陕西省西安市鄂邑区2021-2022学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题第一节（共15小题每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的、、和四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项A BC D涂黑ASan FranciscoFire EngineToursSan FranciscoWinery TourRunning:February1st throughApril30thThis delicioustour goesthrough thecity onits way to Treasure Island wherewe willstop atthe famousWinerySF.Here youcan enjoy4pours ofsome of the bestwine San Francisco hasto offer.（）Included intickets priceDeparting from the Cannery:Tell timeupon request.（时长）:Duration2hoursPrice:$90Back tothe FiftiesTourRunning:August16th throughAugust31stThis tourtransports youback intime toone ofSan Franciscosmost fantasticperiods,the1950s!Enjoy funhistory aswe take you throughSan Franciscofbr afree taste of ice cream.Departing formthe Cannery5:00pm and7:00pmDuration:2hoursPrice:$90Spooky HalloweenTourRunning:October1Oth throughOctober31st（月艮装）Join usfbraride through the historicalPresidio district.Authentic firegear isprovided for yourwarmth asour entertainerstakeyou to someof the most thrillingparts ofSan Francisco.Departing from the Cannery:6:30pm and8:30pmDuration:1hour and30minutesPrice:Available uponrequestHoliday LightsTourRunning:December6th throughDecember23ndThis tractivefour takesyoutosomeofSan Francissmost cheerfulholiday scenes.Authentic firegear isprovidedfbr yourwarmth asyou getinto theholiday spirit.Departingfrom theCannery7:00pm and9:00pmDuration:1hour and30minutesAdvance reservationsrequired.
21.Which of the toursis availablein MarchA.San FranciscoWinery Tour.B.Back tothe FiftiesTour.C.Spooky HalloweenTour.D.Holiday LightsTour.
22.What cantourists doon BacktotheFifties ToursA.Go toTreasureIsland.B.Enjoy theholiday scenes.C.Have freeice cream.D.Visit thePresidio district.
23.What aretourists requiredto doto goon Holiday Lights TourA.Take somedrinks.B.Set offearly in the morning.C.Wear warmclothes.D.Make reservationsin advance.For thepast threedecades,Richard Sears,71,has beenfocusing ononething:Chinese culture.His interestin Chineselanguage goesback to1972,when hewas auniversity student.I hadcheckedacross Canadaand the US.And I was onmy wayto Africa/9he says.I wantedto seethe world.But thenI realizedonly7percent of the worldspeaks Englishas amother tongue.So Iwantedtoknowwhat it was liketo speakanother language.Richard boughta one-way ticketto Chinato learnChinese.At thattime Richard supported himself by teaching English.Two yearslater,he returnedtothe US tofinish hisstudy.He becamea researcherafter graduationandlater workedasasoftware engineerin SiliconValley.In1981he losthis job.He evenhad towork onanight jobasaguard fbrseveral yearsso thathecouldstudy Chineseat nightand getsome restduring theday.I didntearn much,but atleast I had timeto readChinese books.he says.At40,hewasalreadypretty fluentin Chinese.In1994Richard suffereda heartattack.I did not knowif Iwould liveanotherhour.he says.When Ifinally recovered,I hadto thinkabout mylife,I hadto planas ifI wasgoing todie maybe in a year.So Idecided tobetter knowabout Chinesewith moreefforts.Last September,Richard set up hisstudio inNanjing aspart of the localauthoritys plan to promoteculturalservices.The studiofocuses ontelling stories of Chinese culture andcharacter origins.They havemademore than60such videos in bothEnglish andChinese.“We alsowant tomake videoswithahigh educationalvalue bothfor Chineseand foreign learnersof Chinese characters.There willbe a large numberof videos,showing theorigins ofmodem andtraditionalChinesecharacters.Richard says.
24.When didRichard Searsstart to learn ChineseA.In
1971.B.In
1972.C,In
1981.D.In
1994.
25.How didRichard Searsearn aliving whilelearning Chinesein ChinaA.By teachingEnglish.B.By developingsoftware.C.By hisfriends,support.D.By workingasaguard.
26.What canwe sayabout RichardSears,studioA.It hasposted lessthan60videosinEnglish.B.It aimsto promoteChineseculture.C.Its mainlyloved byChinese speakers.D.It wasestablished by the localC.go throughdifficulties tobe successfulD.had betterpay moreattentiontotheir families
2.Mary Anningwas one of the first womento.A.win theNoblePrizefor Scienceafter gettingmarriedB.make achievementsin thestudy ofancient earthC.research animalsand theirbonesD.study themystery of all kindsofplants
3.What does“her discoveriesv referto in paragraph3A.Animals B.Plants C.Fossils D.Rocks
4.What canwe learnabout MarieSklodowskaA.She studiedphysics inPoland andgota college education.B.She receivedtheNobel PrizeforPhysicsin1903onherown.C.She onlygot oneNobel Prizeduring herlifetime.D.She mademany discoveriesafter shegot married.
5.Whafs the passagemainlyaboutA.Ancient discoveries.B.Women scientists.C.Successful marriages.D.Different prizes.BWelcome to Germanys largesttheme park!In anarea covering68hectares,visitors toEurope Parkcan experience the architecture,plants andculture of12European countries.Set invarious themedareas,the popularleisure parkprovides over100attractions andwonderfulshows.Visitors cantake aleisure walkthrough Italy,France,Spain,Portugal andScandinavia inoneafternoon!（杂技Visitors canexperience therush ofour highspeed rollercoasters,watch variousacrobatic的）shows in our international programmes,get lostin theunderwater worldfrom theirseat in the4Dcinema,or experiencemany ofour spectacularattractions.You aresure tomake alasting impressiononyour children and family.Deep belowthe Greek Village,Atlantis Adventure,an interactivetheme ridefor the whole family,iswaiting fbr all brave hunters.Visitors canget tothe bottomof oneof theworlds greatmysteries invehicleswhich canrotate360°.Tiying toreveal themyth ofAtlantis,this adventuregovernment.
27.Which of the followingbest describesRichard SearsA.Humorous.B.Generous.C.Helpful.D.Determined.CPeople haveused pigeonstocarrymessages toone anotherfor hundreds of years.In fact,pigeonswere acommon wayto send messages rightup throughWorld WarILIn1815,English troopswere fightingNapoleons forcesin France,and theEnglish werebelieved to（债券）be losing.A financialpanic sweptover London.Government bondswere offeredat low prices.Few peoplenoticed thatNathan Rothschild,an Englishbanker,was snapping up these bonds wheneveryoneelse wastrying tosell them.A fewdays later,London learnedthe truth:the Dukeof Wellington（暴张）,had defeatedNapoleon atthe battleof Waterloo.The value ofthe bonds soaredi and Rothschildbecame wealthy...all becausehis pigeonshad broughthim newsofthevictory beforeanyone elseknew ofit.Carrier pigeonswere usedby countriesin bothWorld WarI andWorld WarII.Not onlywere thebirdsoften thefastest,most reliablewaytosendmessages,they couldalsobeusedtoreach soldiersfarbehind enemylines,where radiosand fieldtelephone lineswere useless.Since they could easilybereleased fromairplanes orships,every branchofthearmed servicesused thebirds.Carrying messagescould be a dangerousjob.Some pigeonsperformed withsuch braverythat theybecamefamous andwere evenawarded medals.The mostfamous pigeonofallmay havebeen CherAmi.Stationed inFrance duringWorld WarI,he carriedtwelve importantmessages forAmerican forces.Onhis lastmission,though wounded,he carrieda messagethat savedthe livesof194American soldiers.Forhis amazingservice,hewasawarded theFrench Croixde Guerre.”Today,modern communicationmethods cancarry informationfrom oneplace to another hundredsoftimes fasterthan apigeon coulddo it.However,few peoplewould arguewiththe fact that carrierpigeons—especially thosethat servedinthemilitary—have earnedtheir placein history.
28.Nathan Rothschildmade hisfortune by.A.relying onmessages sentto him by carrier pigeons B.predicting successfullythe result ofthebattleC.his experienceanda good knowledgeof bondsD.hisabilityto tellright fromwrong
29.What doessnapping up”mean inthesecondparagraphA.Giving away.B.Destroying.C.Throwing out.D.Buying.
30.The authorprovides datesand numbersthroughout this text inorder to.A.avoid mixingup thereaders9minds whenreading forinformationB.prove thatcarrier pigeonsare moreimportant inmodem timesthan inthe pastC.show theinfluence ofcarrierpigeonsat importantpoints in historyD.explainthecauses andeffects ofworld events
31.What isthe authorsattitude towardscarrier pigeonsA.Doubtful.B.Negative.C.Positive.D.Unconcerned.DA scientistlocked himselfina small air-tight plastictent with200plants tosee ifthey couldchange（氧气）CO2into oxygenfast enoughto keephim alive.Kurtis Bautelocked himselfina3mby3m tentinhisbrothers backyardin BritishColumbia,Canada.He hopedto findout ifby surroundinghimself withplants,the CO2he breathedout couldbechanged into oxygen to allow him to survive inthelocked tent for atleast threedays.Unfortunately,he hadto giveup the experiment afteronly15hours,as CO2levels reachedadangerous point where he risked sufferingbrain damage.Icouldprobably surviveinthe tentforthreedays JBaute wroteonhiswebsite.But mygoal isnot to just notdie\My goal is toend thisprojectwithout developingbrain damageor justgenerally causinglasting harmto mybody.But asit turnsout,thafs exactlywhatherisked asthe200plants hetook withhim intothe tent couldnt meethis needs.Clearly,a cloudysky preventedthem fromreceiving allthe sunlightthey needed to perform（光合作用），photosynthesis so they couldnt recycle CO2fast enough.“Plants aregreat attaking inCO2and theylove it.Since it wasnt abright andsunny day,theywerent gettingthe lightthey needed,which meantCO2just keptrising.I hadto giveup the experiment asthatcontinued.the youngexperimenter said.15hours intothe experiment,Baute reachedthe setdangerpoint andthen endedthis experiment.Still,he calledtheexperimenta“huge success^^as hismain goalwasactually theterrible effectsof climatechange andCO2emissions.“The conclusionabout myexperiment isthat ifCO2is toohigh,Ill escape,which isjust everydayexperiencesfor manypeople onthis planet.Everyone deservesclean air,but noteveryone hasit Jhewrote.
32.Why didKurtis Bautestay inthetentfor only15hoursA.The tentis toosmall forhimtostay toolong,dangerous forB.The environmentinthetent ishim.C.CO2inthetentcouldnt be changedinto oxygen,tent anyD.He couldntsurviveinthe lockedlonger.
33.What madeit hardfbr the200plants tosatisfy KurtisBautesneedsD.TheA.His healthcondition.B.His wrongdecision.C.Too muchCO
2.cloudy weather.
34.What doesKurtis thinkoftheresultofthe experimentA.Disappointing.B.Surprising.C.Satisfying.D.Interesting.
35.What may bethe best titleforthetextA.A testto showthe importanceof clean air B.Surviving inthe tentC.The setdanger pointD.Making peopleknow theuse ofplants答案陕西省宝鸡市金台区2021-2022学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题【答案】l.C
2.B
3.C
4.D
5.B【解析】【导语】本文为一篇记叙文文章主要讲述了以和为代表的女性科学Mary AimingMarie Curie家的故事【题详解】1细节理解题根据第一段“Some womenscientists nevermarried,some workedwith theirhusbands,一些女科学and othersraised largefamilies.It hasbeen difficultfor womentobesuccessfulscientists.家从未结婚，一些与丈夫一起工作，还有一些养育了大家庭女性很难成为成功的科学家）”可知，作者认为女科学家要克服困难才能成为成功的科学家故选项C【题详解】2细节理解题根据第二段“In theearly1800sinEngland,Mary Anningbecame oneofthe first women.（在世纪早期的英国，玛丽recognized for herdiscoveriesabouttheancienthistoryoftheearth19•安宁成为第一批因发现地球古代历史而被认可的女性之一）”可知，是最早在研Mary Anning究古代地球方面取得成就的女性之一故选项B【题详解】3词句猜测题根据第三段第一句When shewas onlytwelve yearsold,Mary becamethe firstperson（骨架）（当tofindthealmostcomplete skeletonsofseveralanimalsthatnolongerexistedontheearth.玛丽只有岁时，她成为第一个发现地球上已不复存在的几种动物的几乎完整骨架的人）”12可知，她的发现是动物的骨架化石故选项C【题详解】4细节理解题根据最后一段.“Marie andPierreCuriegot marriedand mademany discoveriestogether（玛丽•居里和皮埃尔•居里结婚了，并共同做出了许多发现）”可知，在结MarieSklodowska婚后，她和丈夫在科学研究邻域有了许多发现故选项D【题详解】5主旨大意题文章结构为总分结构，第一段提及了本文的中心话题Women havebeenmaking scientificdiscoveriessinceancienttimes...It hasbeen difficultfbr womentobesuccessful（从古代开始，女性就一直在进行科学发现……女性很难成为成功的科学家）”，文scientists.章的话题为“女性科学家”，并在后文讲述了和的成功故事由此可Mary AnningMarie Curie知，选项（一些女科学家的故事）”合理概括了文章中心主B Somestoriesofwomenscientists.旨故选项B【答案】
6.C
7.B
8.D
9.A
10.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍德国最大的主题公园及其游乐设施与景点【题详解】6细节理解题根据文章第三段第一句话“Visitors canexperience therush ofour highspeed rollercoasters,watch variousacrobatic showsinourinternational programs,get lostintheunderwater world（游客们可以体验from theirseat inthe4D cinema,or experiencemany ofour spectacularattractions.我们的高速过山车，还可以观看国际节目中各种各样的杂技表演，在电影院的座位上迷失在4D水下世界，或体验许多壮观的景点广可知，人们在欧洲主题公园里可以看到各种各样的杂技表演故选项C【题详解】7细节理解题根据第四段Deep belowthe GreekVillage,Atlantis Adventure,an interactivetheme rideforthewholefamily,is waitingfbrallbravehunters.Visitors canget tothe bottomof oneoftheworldsgreat mysteriesin vehicleswhich canrotate360°.Trying toreveal themyth ofAtlantis,this adventuretakes the visitors past extraordinary scenes with amazingly-beautiful coralreefs,sunken shipsand groups（在希腊村庄的深处，亚特兰蒂斯冒险处，一个适合全家人的互动主题乘行之旅，of colourfulfish.正在等待着所有勇敢的猎人游客可以乘坐可以旋转的车辆到世界上最大的谜团之一的360底部为了揭开亚特兰蒂斯的神秘面纱，这次探险带着游客走过了美丽的珊瑚礁、沉船和五颜六色的鱼群户可知通过互动的主题乘行之旅，游客可以体验水下冒险故选项B【题详解】8词句猜测题根据第四段第二句话Visitors canget tothe bottomof oneoftheworlds greatmysteries（游客们乘坐可以的车辆到世界上最大的谜团之一的in vehicleswhich canrotate360°360°rotate底部户可知和度数有关，应为“旋转”之意，即乘坐可旋转的汽车可以绕过水下rotate360的障碍物，顺利到达海底，故选项D【题详解】9推理判断题根据第三段最后一句话“You aresure tomake alasting impressionon yourchildrenand（你一定会给你的孩子和家人留下深刻的印象）”以及通读全文可知，本文向我们介绍family.了德国最大的主题公园，主要介绍了在主题公园的一系列活动，而这一系列活动都是针对整个家庭的，所以作者写这篇文章是为了向我们宣传一个家庭友好的公园故选项A【题详解】10推理判断题根据文章第一段“Welcome toGermanys largesttheme park!In anarea covering68hectares,visitors toEurope Parkcanexperiencethearchitecture,plants andculture of12European（欢迎来到德国最大的主题公园！在占地公顷的欧洲公园里，游客可以体验欧洲countries.6812个国家的建筑、植物和文化户可知，本文是介绍旅游景点的文章，对游客起到娱乐宣传的作用，其出处常是游客所看的杂志故选项C陕西省宝鸡市渭滨区2021-2022学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题【答案】l.B
2.D
3.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文文章主要介绍了四个可以单独旅行的旅游地点【题详解】1细节理解题根据Thailand部分中u Overall known for being very cheap,especially inthe north,ifs（总的来说，它以非常便宜而闻名，尤其是在北agood choice ifyouwant to get away ona budget.方，如果你想省钱的话，它是一个不错的选择）”可知，泰国适合缺钱的旅行者故选项B【题详解】2细节理解题根据部分中.（不丹不允许使用塑料Bhutan“Plastic bagsare notpermitted in Bhutan袋）”可知，不丹不允许使用塑料袋，所以不应该用塑料袋装垃圾故选项D【题详解】3推理判断题根据文章内容，结合第一段中（对于渴望去旅行“For someof uswho longto travel...的一些人来说）及（当然解决办法是独自”“The solution,of course,is to go italone.去）”可知，文章主要介绍了四个可以独自去的旅游地点应是出自旅游指南，故选项C【答案】
4.A
5.D
6.B
7.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文文章从一开始小女孩通过和老人聊天、拥抱成为朋友，老人情绪低落的情况得到好转，后来得知老人的情况后，女孩和妈妈一起为老人庆生文章体现了“给予别人关心和爱为老人带来的积极影响”【题详解】4细节理解题根据文章第二段第一句后半句可知，老she passed an oldman whowas byhimself.人是一个人走在路上；第三句The manstopped and his demeanor changed from distant and serious to.可知遇到老人时，他的表情是冷漠而沉重的；由以上可以推出他很孤独，warm and friendly I,其他选项都与文章无关故选项A【题详解】词义猜测题根据文章第二段第三句5The manstopped andhis demeanorchanged fromdistantand seriousto warm andfriendly.可知，老人由之前的lookedcold到warmandfriendly”，并且接着还和小女孩打了招呼可以看出是态度上的明显转变故选项D【题详解】6细节理解题根据文章第三段第一句Tara postedthe pictureof herdaughter andMr.Dan on Facebook和该段第三句可知，是由and someone who recognizedhim The person onFacebook told Tara Tara网上的这个陌生人得到的信息故选项B【题详解】7主旨大意题文章从一开始小女孩通过和老人聊天、拥抱成为朋友，老人情绪低落的情况得到好转，后来得到老人的情况后，女孩愿意和妈妈一起为老人庆生都体现了“给予别人关心和爱为老人带来的积极影响”故选项A【答案】
8.A
9.C
10.B
11.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文文章介绍了中国传统滋补品的现状、功效以及滋补品对现代餐饮业的影响【题详解】8细节理解题根据第一段中But there is one interesting concept concerning Chinese food which isalmost unheardofinthe West,and which is becoming increasingly ignoredby theyouth ofthe East-the可知，但是关于中国食物有一个有趣的概念，这在西方几乎是闻所ancient customof tonic food”.未闻的，而在东方却越来越被年轻人所忽视一一古老的“滋补”习俗由此可知，滋补品如今越来越不受关注了故选A【题详解】9细节理解题根据第二段中（麻For instance,itwasonce thecustom fornew mothersto eata sesameoil油）hot pot every day fbr the first monthafter givingbirth.It wasbelieved thatthis dishwould benefitthe可知，例如，在过去，muscles,reduce pain,improve circulation,stimulate sweating,and warmthe body.刚生完孩子的第一个月里，每天都要吃芝麻油火锅人们认为这道菜对肌肉有益，减少疼痛，促进血液循环，刺激出汗，使身体暖和由此可知，人们认为芝麻油火锅对产妇有益故选C【题详解】10词义猜测题根据后文（枸杞）,Chinese herbalmedicines,such aswolfberry canbe foundon many,可知，中草药，如枸a restaurantmenu,either addedto fruittea orasabeneficial additiontoadish杞，可以在许多餐馆的菜单上找到，可以添加到水果茶中，也可以作为一道菜的有益补充由此可知，文中与下文的餐馆有关，故可知意思是“餐馆”故选catering industryBo【题详解】11主旨大意题根据文章第一段提出滋补品，第二段中Tonic food is foodwhichisconsumed toimprove（滋补品是指为了增进健康或避免疾病而食用的食物）以及第ones well-being oravoid sickness.三段中.The customof employingtonic foodsfor ahealthier lifealso influencesthe cateringindustry（利用滋补品养生的习俗也影响着饮食业）可知，文章主要介绍了滋补品的功效和对餐饮业的影响故选项“对中国滋补品的介绍”适合做文章标题故选C C【答案】
12.C
13.B
14.D
15.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文文章介绍了多伦多的马克汉姆实行的废旧衣物回收计划，该计划旨在回收居民的旧衣服，将这些废旧衣物进行分类并且运用各种方式重新利用不仅如此，该市还进行了许多绿色环保的举措，如使用太阳能，鼓励居民绿色出行等等【题详解】12词义猜测题第一段提到很多人因为无法忍受衣服过时而将衣物直接扔进垃圾箱，这是一件很不环保的事情，第三句提到你的“…your oldT-shirt needsa newhome whereit canbe appreciated.”旧恤需要一个新的家由此判断，多伦多启动的项目是给废旧衣物找一个“家”，此处的T one指代的是前文中出现的故选“a newhome”C【题详解】13细节理解题第三段第二句提到“Its volunteers9duty todivide the donations intodifferent sorts.”志愿者的职责就是将捐赠的衣物分成不同的种类故选B【题详解】14推理判断题在最后一段中，作者列举了多伦多其他的绿色环保措施，如使用太阳能，补贴了农贸市场和自行车道，以鼓励人们健康饮食及锻炼，而且该市的肥胖率也比其他城市要低得多，由此判断该市在绿色环保、健康出行方面做出了十分大的努力故选D【题详解】15主旨大意题分析文章结构可知，这是一篇说明文文章第一段总起介绍了本文主要说明的对象一一马克汉姆市的衣物回收项目第二段介绍了该项目的目的一一将回收的衣物以各种方式重新利用第三段介绍了该项目的操作流程，最后一段则总结了该项目的奋斗目标回——100%收不需要的纺织品项提到“一个加拿大城市正在给旧衣服新的生命”，符A合文章大意故选A陕西省宝鸡市陈仓区
2021.2022学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题【答案】
1.D
2.C
3.A
4.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文记述在家里接受她父亲的教育，数年后她创造美国第一所Emma女子高等学校，而后又一直争取让妇女得到与男人同在学校接受高等教育的权利【题详解】1推理判断题根据第三句开始“Emma receivedadvanced educationat home from her father andbecamea school teacher attwenty.She continuedto teacherschool forseveral yearsafter hermarriage,then beganoffering collegelessons inher hometo womenstudents.Later shefounded a school inNewYork State,which wasthe firstschool forhigher educationinthe U.S.forwomen.Emma Willardalsotried to persuade New York state to pass a law toallow womentoattend publiccolleges and universities,（艾玛在家里接受了父亲的高等教育，岁时though thatdid notcome aboutuntil after her death.20成为了一名教师婚后，她继续在学校教了几年书，然后开始在家里为女学生提供大学课程后来，她在纽约州创办了一所学校，这是美国第一所女子高等教育学校艾玛•威拉德还试图说服纽约州通过一项法律，允许女性进入公立学院和大学，尽管这直到她死后才实现）”可知，一生都在为女性受教育奋斗，也就是说在艾玛•威拉德的一生中，美国女性开始为EmmaWillard受教育权而战故选D【题详解】2细节理解题卞艮据第三句“Emma receivedadvanced educationat homefrom herfather and becamea schoolteacher attwenty.（艾玛在家接受父亲的高等教育，20岁时成为一名教师）”可知，艾玛的父亲自己教授她大学课程，帮助她做她可以做的事情故选C【题详解】3推理判断题根据最后一句Some yearslater peopleremembered herforherlife-long effortsand（荣誉）（几年后，人们记起了她一生的努力,并在elected her tothe US Hall of Fame in
1905.1905年将她选入美国名人堂）”可推断，美国名人堂是一座为纪念美国伟大的人而建造的建筑故选A【题详解】4推理判断题根据第一句（）（艾Emma HartWillard1787-1870was anAmerican pioneereducator.玛•哈特・威拉德（Emma HartWillard,1787-1870）是美国的先驱教育家）”以及下文内容可知，是一位先驱教育家，她创造了美国第一所女子高等学校，而后又一直争取让妇女得到与Emma男人同在学校接受高等教育的权利因此推断她是美国女性赢得高等教育的先驱故选D【答案】
5.B
6.C
7.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文主要介绍了对于任何必须在公共场合、商务场合或娱乐场合发言的人来说，幽默是一种有帮助和必要的工具，但是要注意使用流行文化中的幽默【题详解】5细节理解题根据第二段最后一句uIn aword,individuals learninghowtousehumorin theirspeechescan strengthenarguments,support interestingpresentations and,most ofalb entertaintheir audienceina（总而言之，个人学习如何在演讲中使用幽默可以加强论点，支持positive andcomfortable way.有趣的演讲，最重要的是，以一种积极和舒适的方式娱乐听众）”可知,作者给出了三个使用幽默的理由故选项B【题详解】6推理判断题根据第三段中“If youwant to become aprofessional excellentcomedian whosegoalis100%entertainment,then youmaybe able touse someofthereferencematerialslikeTheArtofUsing（如果你想成为一个专业的优秀的喜剧演员，目标是的娱乐，那Humor inPublic Speaking.100%么你可以使用一些参考材料，如在公共演讲中使用幽默的艺术）“可知，优秀喜剧演员的目的是娱乐观众故选项C【题详解】7词句猜测题根据划线的前句.（他们“They canhelp youdevelop yourskillsandsourcesofhumor可以帮助你发展你的技能和幽默的来源）”以及划线单词的后文your participationin thisstudy of（你参与这项幽默研究将是必要的）”可知，对于那个结果，你参与humor willbecome necessary.这项幽默研究将是必要的故选项D【答案】
8.A
9.D
10.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文文章通过一则小故事，说明了当语言不通时，手语就成了人们重要的交流方式【题详解】8takesthevisitorspastextraordinarysceneswithamazingly-beautiful coralreefs,sunken shipsand groups（动回）of colourfulfish.Be fascinatedby theamazing animationand computertechnology usedin thisfantasticride!Children8years ofage andunder mustbe accompaniedby anadult.
6.What canpeopledoin EuropeParkA.Riding in12European countries.B.Playing underwaterwith children.C.Watching variousacrobatic shows.D.Hunting fortreasures insunkenships.
7.How canvisitors experiencean underwateradventureC.By walkingthroughtheGreekVillage.D.By watchingfantastic showsin4Dcinemas.
8.What doesthe underlinedword rotatemeanA.Jump off.B.Get away.C.Pull over.D.Turnaround.A Byjoining ininternationalprogrammes.B.By takingan interactivetheme ride.
9.What isthe authorspurpose ofwriting thetextA Toinform thepublic ofa family-friendly park.
8.To introducethe largesttheme parkintheworld.
9.To persuademore peopleto paya visittoGermany.
10.To explainwhy themeparks arepopular withchildren.
10.Where isthepassageprobobaly takenfromA.A sciencefiction B.A traveljournalC.A touristmagazine D.A newsreport陕西省宝鸡市渭滨区2021-2022学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑细节For someof uswho longto travel,it canbe difficulttofindsomeone tojourney with.Friends理解题根据第——段“When wedon understandeachotherslanguage,we cantalk withthe helpof.（当我们不懂对方的语言时，我们可以借助手势进行交谈）”可知，当人们不懂对方的语signs言时，人们可以用手势交流，即他们可以用手、头和身体的其他部位来帮助交谈故选Ao【题详解】9细节理解题根据第二段“When thewaiter came,he openedhis mouth,put hisfingers init,and took（服务员过来时，他张开嘴，把手指放进out again.He wantedto say,“Bring mesomething to eat.去，又拿了出来他想说，“给我拿点吃的来可知，这个法国人做手势是想让服务员拿点吃的过来故选D【题详解】10推理判断题*艮据第二段u AFrenchmanwasoncetravelinginEngland.He couldntspeak Englishatall.One dayhe wentinto a restaurantandsatdownatatable.When thewaiter came,he openedhis mouth,（有一次，一个put hisfingers init,and tookoutagain.He wantedto say,“Bring mesomething toeat.法国人在英国旅行他根本不会说英语一天，他走进一家餐馆，在一张桌子旁坐下服务员过来时，他张开嘴，把手指放进去，又拿了出来他想说，“给我拿点吃的来“）”和最后一段“So yousee,we canunderstand thelanguageofsigns aswell aswe canunderstand thelanguageof（所以你看，我们能理解手语就像我们能理解语言一样）”可知，从这个故事中，我们知words.道人们可以通过手语和语言来理解对方故选B陕西省西安市临潼区2021-2022学年高一下学期期末质量检测英语试题【答案】
1.B2,C
3.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文文章介绍了世界上四家博物馆L1题详解】细节理解题根据下列内容中（电话号Cup NoodlesMuseum,Osaka,Japan“Tel:072-752-3484码072-752-3484）”和u Ikeda,asmallcity inOsaka,isthebirthplace ofinstant noodles.The galleriesatitsCupNoodlesMuseumdocument thejourney fromchicken noodlesto“spacenoodles”.Ifs agreatplace,where youcanmakeyourownnoodles,create yourown packagingand walkthroughaninstant（大阪的池田是方便面的发源地它的杯面博物馆的画廊记录了从鸡肉面到“太noodlestunnel.空面”的旅程这是一个很棒的地方，在这里你可以自己做面条，制作自己的包装，穿过“方便面隧道“）”可知，如果你对快餐感兴趣，应该打电话故选项072-752-3484B【题详解】2细节理解题根据卜列内容中MuseoSubacuaticodeArte,Cancun,Mexico“It containsover500（雕塑品）sculptures ofsixdifferentartists,which havebeen placedontheocean floorfor snorkelling（浮潜）（）（它包含了个不同艺术家的多个雕塑，这些雕塑被放tourists andschoolsoffish.6500置在海底，供潜水游客（和鱼群）观赏）”可知，你可以在游泳时看MuseoSubacu»icode Arte雕塑故选项C【题详解】3细节理解题根据下列内容中VentHavenMuseum,Kentucky,USA“It startedas onemans private（）（它最初是一collection,and itsstill semi-private youvegot tobook atour48hours beforearriving.个男人的私人收藏，现在仍然是半私人的（你必须在到达前小时预订行程））”可知，需48要提前预约的博物馆在州故选项Kentucky D【答案】
4.C
5.C
6.D
7.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文文章主要讲述了一位父亲对于孩子在学校受到欺负时如何处理这种情况该孩子的父亲了解到欺负他儿子的学生也受到别人欺负时，该父亲表示同情，并为这个孩子买了衣服和鞋子，最后这两个孩子成了朋友【题详解】4推理判断题根据第一段“When aHouston dadfound outhis eight-year-old sonwas beingbullied,hedidnt getmad attheclassmatewhoteasedhim.Instead,he talkedwiththeso-called bullyand realized（当休斯顿的一位父亲发现他八岁的儿子被欺负时，他没有对取笑thattheboy wasstruggling,too.他的同学生气相反，他与所谓的恶霸交谈，意识到男孩也在挣扎）”可知，对于Fontenot在学校被欺负这件事的态度是冷静和理智的故选项Jordan C【题详解】5推理判断题根据第三段u TamariontoldFontenothewasbeingteasedat school,too.（Tamarion告诉他在学校也被取笑）”可知，作者提到了意料之外的情况，是为了说明Fontenot,Tamarion在学校也是被欺负的受害者故选项C【题详解】6细节理解题根据第六段“Then,the dadunited thetwoboys.He saiditwasawkward atfirst-justadayearlier,they didntget alongwellatschool.But thetwo classmatesstarted playingsports gamestogether（然后，父亲把两个男孩联合起来他说刚开始的时候很尴尬，就在前andsoonbecame friends.一天，他们在学校相处得不好但两个同学开始一起玩体育游戏，很快就成了朋友）”以及最后一段（他选择了善良而不是“He chosekindness insteadof angerand broughtthetwoboys together.愤怒，把两个男孩带到了一起）”可知，Fontenot通过让这两个孩子联合在一起解决了这个问题故选项D【题详解】7细节理解题根据第三段Fontenot thenspoke tothe boysmother.She kindof confirmedit,“Fontenotsaid.And shesaid,Thats thekind ofsituation.M,（Fontenot随后与男孩的母亲交谈“她有点证实了这一点，”丰特诺说她说，就是这种情况可知，通过和Fontenot Tamarion母亲的交流了解了该孩子的一些情况故选项D【答案】
8.B
9.B
10.A
11.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文主要介绍了2020年诺贝尔物理学奖得主安德烈娅・盖兹是如何获得诺贝尔奖的【题详解】8推理判断题根据第一段“She hadcome withan impossiblerequest thatmy teammodify ourthoroughlytested softwaretomakeoneofour mostimportant scientificinstruments dosomething ithadnever beendesigned for and riskbreaking it.All tocarry outan experimentthatwasbasically awaste of（她提出time andcouldntbedone-provethatamassiveblackholelayatthecenterofour MilkyWay.了一个似乎不可能的请求，要求我的团队修改我们经过彻底测试的软件，使我们最重要的科学仪器之一能够完成它从未被设计过的任务，并冒着破坏它的风险所有这些都是为了进行一个基本上是浪费时间而且无法完成的实验一一证明一个巨大的黑洞位于我们银河系的中心）”以及第三段“That determinationandthewillingness to take calculatedrisks has always characterized（这种决心和愿意承担计算风险一直是安德烈娅的特点）”可知，安德烈娅提出非常有Andrea.创造力的请求并坚定地去证明它，她是有决心并且有创造力的故选项B【题详解】9主旨大意题根据最后一段This ismy friendand longtimecolleague,the onewho refusedto take“no”（这是我的朋友，也是我的for ananswer:Andrea Ghez,winner ofthe2020NobelPrizein Physics.老同事，一个拒绝接受“不”答案的人安德烈娅・盖兹，2020年诺贝尔物理学奖获得者）”以及上文内容可知，本文主要介绍了安德烈娅是如何成功获得诺贝尔奖的故选项B【题详解】10词句猜测题根据第三段“For25years shehas focusedalmost completelyon SagittariusA-the nameofourownlocalsupermassiveblackhole.It isremarkable thatan entirefield ofstudy hasgrown upin thequartercentury,of searchingfor andfindingevidenceof thesemonstersthoughttolieattheheartof（年来，她几乎完全专注于人马座我们当地超everylargegalaxy.25A大质量黑洞的名字值得注意的是，在年的时间里，整个研究领域都在发展，寻找并找到这25些被认为位于每个大星系中心的庞然大物的证据）”以及第四段She startedusing thevery first（）instrumentfixedonKeckObservatorysNearInfraredCameraNIRC,now gracingthelobbyat ourheadquarters.（她开始使用第一台在凯克天文台近红外照相机（NIRC）改造的仪器，现在gracing我们总部的大厅）”可知，安德烈娅专注于人马座的研究，引领整个研究领域发展，她所做A的研究为整个总部带来荣誉，这台红外照相机是第一台机器，用纪念意义,因此放在大厅里是带领荣耀的，故推测划线单词表示“为……带来荣誉，即故选项bringing honourtoo A【题详解】11推理判断题根据最后一段“This ismy friendand longtimecolleague,the onewho refusedtotake“no”（这是我的朋友，也是我的forananswer:Andrea Ghez,winner ofthe2020NobelPrizeinPhysics.老同事，一个拒绝接受“不”答案的人安德烈娅・盖兹，2020年诺贝尔物理学奖获得者）”以及文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了2020年诺贝尔物理学奖得主安德烈娅・盖兹是如何获得诺贝尔奖的，推测文章来自一个有关科学家的网站故选项C【答案】
12.A
13.D
14.D
15.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文主要介绍了第三次农业革命可能来自信息，数字技术和大数据在农业中的运用，将有助于农民做出更好的决策，提高作物产量【题详解】12细节理解题根据第一段The thirdis likelyto comefrom information,as digitaltechnology andbig（第三词可能来自信息，因为数data helpfarmers makebetter decisionsand driveupcropproduction.字技术和大数据有助于农民做出更好的决策，提高作物产量）”可知，第三次农业革命可以帮助农民做出合理的决定故选项A【13题详解】推理判断题根据第四段u Stemofferedtheexampleofafarmerpreparing fortheregular fallfertilizing ofhis fieldswho delaystheapplicationafterbeinginformedofacomingstorm.That decisionreduces runoff,keeps fertilizeronthefield,and helpscontrols farmerscosts.As datagathersseasonafterseason,computermodelswillhelpfarmers bettermanagefertilizerandother（提供了一个例子，一位准备在秋季在additionstooptimizeproductionand minimizerunoff.Stem田里定期施肥的农民在得知即将到来的风暴后，推迟了施肥这一决定减少了径流，使肥料留在田里，并有助于控制农民的成本随着数据逐季收集，计算机模型将帮助农民更好地管理肥料和其他添加物，以优化生产，最大限度地减少径流）”可知，作者用一个具体事例来展示了计算机模型的具体应用故选项D【题详解】14细节理解题根据最后一段uRemote sensingcan provideaccuratedatathatcoversanentirefieldand（遥感可以提供覆盖整个地区cablesrecommendationstailoredtowhats goingoninthe strickenarea.的准确数据，并根据受灾地区的情况提供建议）”可知，遥感技术可以提供准确的统计数据故选项D【题详解】15推理判断题根据第一段“The thirdis likelyto comefrominformation,as digitaltechnology andbig（第三次可能来自信息，因为datahelpfarmersmakebetterdecisionsanddriveupcropproduction.数字技术和大数据有助于农民做出更好的决策，提高作物产量）”以及后文举例证明这一点可知，作者对即将到来的第三次农业革命持有积极的态度故选项C陕西省西安市鄂邑区2021-2022学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题【答案】
1.A
2.C
3.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇广告文章主要介绍了美国旧金山的四个旅游活动和路线【题详解】1细节理解题根据第一则广告中的（举办时间月“Running:February1st throughApril30th21日至月日）”可知，这个旅游活动从二月份持续到四月份，所以三月份可以参加这个活动430故选项A【题详解】2细节理解题根据第二则广告中的“Enjoy funhistory aswe takeyou throughSanFranciscoforafree（享受有趣的历史，我们带你穿越旧金山免费品尝冰淇淋）”可知，在tasteoficecream.Back活动中人们可以享受到免费的冰淇淋故选项totheFifties ToursC【题详解】3细节理解题根据最后一个活动中的Advance reservationsrequired.（需要提前预约）”可知,参加需要人们提前预约故选项HolidayLightsTour D【答案】
4.B
5.A
6.B
7.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文文章主要讲述了岁的理查德•西尔斯专注于研究中国文化的故事71【题详解】4细节理解题根据第二段“His interestin Chineselanguage goesback to1972,when hewasauniversitystudent.,,（他对中文的兴趣可以追溯到1972年，那时他还是一名大学生）以及（理查德买了一张去中国学中文的“Richard boughta one-way ticketto Chinato learnChinese.”单程票）可知，对于中文的兴趣始于年，而且也是在那一年开始学习中文的Richard1972故选项B【题详解】5细节理解题根据第二段“Richard boughta one-way ticketto ChinatolearnChinese.At thattime（理查德买了一张去中国学中文的单程票那时RichardsupportedhimselfbyteachingEnglish.”理查德靠教英语养活自己）可知，理查德•西尔斯在中国学习中文时是通过教英语的方式谋生的故选项A【题详解】6细节理解题根据第五段“Last September,Richard setup hisstudio inNanjing aspart ofthe localauthoritys planto promote culturalservices.The studiofocusesontelling storiesof Chineseculture and（去年月，理查德在南京成立了他的工作室，这是地方当局促进文化服务计character origins.^9划的一部分该工作室专注于讲述中国文化和人物起源的故事）可知，理查德•西尔斯的工作室旨在推广中国文化故选项B【题详解】7推理判断题根据第四段“When Ifinally recovered,I hadto thinkabout mylife,Ihadto planasifIwas（当我最终going todiemaybeinayear.So Idecided tobetter knowabout Chinesewith moreefforts.康复的时候，我不得不思考我的生活，我必须按照我可能在一年内死去的样子来计划我的生活所以我决定通过更多的努力来更好地了解中国）以及第五段LastSeptember,Richard setup hisstudio inNanjing aspart ofthe localauthoritysplantopromoteculturalservices.,,（去年9月，理查德在南京成立了他的工作室，这是地方当局促进文化服务计划的一部分）以及最后一段“We alsowant tomake videoswithahigh educationalvalue bothfor Chineseand（我们也想为中国和外国的汉字学习者制作具有较高教育价foreignlearnersof Chinesecharacters.值的视频）可推断，理查德•西尔斯对于研究和推广中国文化的态度是坚定的故选项D【答案】
8.A
9.D
10.C
11.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文文章主要讲了几百年来，人们用鸽子互相传递信息、在一战和二战期间，鸽子传递信息被广泛使用携带信息可能是一项危险的工作，一些鸽子因为表现的勇敢还获得了奖牌现在的通讯方法虽然可以很快的传递信息，比鸽子的速度快数百倍然而，很少有人会反驳信鸽在历史上赢得的一席之地【题详解】8细节理解题根据第二段最后一句话u Thevalueofthebondssoared（暴涨），andRothschildbecame（债wealthy...all becausehis pigeonshad broughthim newsofthevictory beforeanyone elseknew ofit.券的价值飙升，罗斯柴尔德变得富有……这一切都是因为他的鸽子在别人知道之前给他带来了胜利的消息）可知是依靠信鸽寄给他消息发财的，故选Nathan RothschildAo【题详解】9词义猜测题根据第二段（债券）“A financialpanic sweptover London.Government bondswereoffered atlowprices.Few peoplenoticed thatNathan Rothschild,an Englishbanker,was snappingup金融恐慌席卷了伦敦政府债券以低价发thesebondswhen everyoneelse wastrying tosell them.”售很少有人注意到英国银行家内森•罗斯柴尔德在其他人都试图出售这些债券的时候stepping这些债券）可知，发财的原因是别人卖债券的时候，他买入债券，战后，up NathanRothschild债券的价格暴涨，所以此处”有“买”的意思，故选“snappingupD【题详解】10推理判断题作者文中提及和等是为了World WarI andWorld WarII194American soldiers说明信鸽在一战和二战期间所起的重要作用，即展示信鸽在重要历史时刻的影响，故选C题详解】[11推理判断题从最后一段Today,modern communicationmethods cancarry informationfrom oneoplace toanotherhundredsoftimes fasterthan apigeon coulddo it.However,few peoplewould arguewiththefactthatcarrierpigeons—especially thosethat servedinthemilitary—have earnedtheir place（今天，现代通信方法可以把信息从一个地方传到另一个地方，比鸽子传播的速度快inhistory.数百倍然而，很少有人会质疑信鸽一一尤其是那些在军队服役的信鸽一一在历史上赢得了一席之地）可知，现代的信息技术虽然可以很快地传递信息，比信鸽快数百倍，但是仍不能动摇信鸽在历史上取得的一席之地，所以作者对信鸽的地位是肯定的，故选C【答案】
12.B
13.D
14.C
15.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文一位科学家把自己锁在一个装有株植物的密闭塑料小帐篷里，想200看看这些植物是否能将二氧化碳快速转化为氧气，以维持他的生命以此来证明干净的空气是多么的重要【题详解】12细节理解题第二段最后一句uUnfortunately,he hadto giveup theexperiment afteronly15hours,asCO2levels reacheda dangerouspointwhereheriskedsuffering braindamage.,,可矢口仅仅15个小时后，他就不得不放弃实验是因为二氧化碳浓度达到了一个危险的水平，他可能会遭受脑损伤故选B【题详解】13细节理解题根据第三段最后一句uClearly,a cloudysky preventedthem fromreceiving allthesunlight theyneededtoperform photosynthesis（光合作用），sotheycouldntrecycleCO2fast enough.v这盆植物难以满足的需求的原因是，多云的天空使它们无法获得进行光合作用200Kurtis Baute所需的全部阳光，因此它们无法足够快地回收二氧化碳故选D【题详解】14细节理解题最后一段第二句uStill,he calledtheexperimenta“huge success”可知Kurtis仍然称这个实验是一个“巨大的成功”可知他对实验结果是“满意的”，故选C【题详解】15主旨大意题根据第一段“A scientistlocked himselfinasmall air-tight plastictent with200plants to（氧气）一位科学家把自see iftheycouldchange CO2intooxygenfast enoughto keephim alive.”己锁在一个装有株植物的密闭塑料小帐篷里，想看看这些植物是否能将二氧化碳快速转化200为氧气，以维持他的生命以及最后一段^Everyone deservescleanair,but noteveryone hasit,”hewrote.v可知文章的主要目的是为了通过实验来说明干净空气的重要性and familymembers aretied downin jobs,struggling tosave money,anddontalways want togoto thesameplaces.The solution,of course,is togo italone.Melbourne,AustraliaMelbourne isa hot-spot traveldestination,which hasbeautiful beachesaswellas busyand livelycitylife.Australia asa wholeis considereda safedestination forinternational travel,and becauseof that,（单独）many solo travelers gothere.Melbourne isincredibly easyto getaround becauseyoucanwalkor bikepractically anywhere!ThailandThailand isgreat forsolotravelers-perhaps becauseitisoneofthe Buddhistmentality,whichpromotes equalityamong thesexes.Thailand isknown forits friendlyhospitality,and asa travelhot-spot,there areplenty ofchances tomeet otherlike-minded travelers.Overallknownforbeingverycheap,especially inthe north,its agoodchoiceifyouwanttogetawayonabudget.BhutanBhutan isoneofthemostcultural countriesintheworld.It isalso hometotheworlds highest（神圣的）unclimbed peak,Gangkhar Puensum.The mountainis sacredand entryis onlypossible onapre-booked tour,where youare accompaniedaround byyourownpersonal guide.Plastic bagsare notpermittedinBhutan.In2004,it becamethefirstcountry intheworldto outlawtobacco.Costa RicaCosta Rica isagreatplace ifyoure lookingfor adventure,with surfing,volcanoes andotherrecreational activities.Youll nevergetachance tofeel lonelybecause theresan abundanceof excitingadventuresto experience!Costa Ricahas neverseen politicalunrest,class strugglesor revolutionscommonlyassociated withother LatinAmerican Countries.Whats more,it doesnthave orneed anarmybecause ifssuchapeaceful country.
1.Which placeis suitablefor travelersshort ofmoneyA.Melbourne,Australia.B.Thailand.C.Bhutan.D.CostaRica.
2.What canwe learnabout travelingin BhutanA.You canclimb themountain withoutlooking ahead.B.You canexperience wateradventures,such assurfing.C.Smoking isallowed atthe footofthemountain.D Youshouldnt useplastic bagsforyourrubbish.
3.Where doesthistextprobably comefromA.A historicaltextbook.B.A sciencemagazine.C.A travelguide.D.An advertisement.BPreschool girllifts oldmans spiritsWhenTara Woodbrought herdaughter toa grocerystore tobuy thefour-year-old somecupcakes,she hadno ideathat wouldbea life-changing experience.As Tarapushed herdaughter Noraharound thestore lastmonth shepassedanoldmanwhowas byhimself.The oldman lookedcold,until Norahshouted tohim,Hi!Its mybirthday today!”Theman stoppedandhisdemeanorchangedfromdistantandseriousto warmandfriendly.“How oldare youtoday”the manasked.After sometime talkingtogether,Norah askedher momtotakea pictureof herwithher newfriend“Mr DarT,Dan Peterson,
82.They huggedand afterten minuteswent theirseparateways.That couldhavebeenthe endofthestory.But itis actuallythebeginningofaspecial relationship.Tara postedthe pictureof herdaughter andMr.Dan onFacebook andsomeonewhorecognized himreachedout toher withhis contactinformation.It turnedoutthatMr.Dans wifedied inMarch andhe hadbeensuffering fromdepression andanxiety eversince.ThepersononFacebooktoldTara that itwas thefirsttime theyhad seenMr.Dan smilesince thedeath ofhis wife.Knowing that,Tara contactedMr.Dan,and eversince Norahandthe82-year-old havedeveloped afriendship unlikeany other.U€She hasshownme a depth oflove,adepththat Ididnt knowexisted,Mr.Dan toldthe reporter.Mr.Dan toldTarathatbefore meetingNorah,he hadnthad onenight ofuninterrupted sleep.Anxiety kepthim upat allhours andmade himrestless.After meetingNorah,hesaidhe nowsleepssoundly.For Mr.Dans82nd birthdayon October20,the motherandthedaughter broughtballoons andpresents——and,of course,cupcakes.Mr.Dan willalso spendadayaround Thanksgivingwith Norahandher family.If youdont takethe timeto noticepeople,you willnever knowhow youcan positivelyimpactalife/9Tara Woodsaid.A.he feltlonely B.he dislikedlittle kids
4.Mr.Dan lookedcold becauseC.nobody hadhugged himD.heknewlittle aboutNorah
5.The underlinedword“demeanor inParagraph2probably meansA.words B.bodyC.thoughts D.attitude
6.How didTara knowmore aboutMr.DanA.From a news reporter.B.From astranger.C.From ashop assistant.D.From hisneighbor.
7.What canwe learnfromthestoryA.Giving makesa realdifference.B.It isimportanttorespect eachother.C Weshould notjudge aperson atfirst sight.D.Good thingswill happenif onekeeps trying.CChinese cuisineis widelyknown andenjoyed allaround theworld.Who doesntlong fora favoriteChinesedish Butthere isoneinterestingconceptconcerningChinesefoodwhichisalmost unheardofin theWest,and whichis becomingincreasingly ignoredbytheyouth ofthe East——the ancientcustomof“tonicfood”.Tonic foodis foodwhichisconsumed toimprove oneswell-being oravoid sickness.For instance,（麻油）itwasonce thecustom fornew motherstoeata sesameoil hot poteverydayfbr thefirstmonthafter givingbirth.It wasbelieved thatthis dishwould benefitthe muscles,reduce pain,improvecirculation,stimulate sweating,and warmthe body.Some foods,such asgoat meatand spinach,areseen as“hot”，while others,such asChinese cabbageand radish,are seenas“cold”.One shouldbecareful nottoeattoo muchof either“hot or cold food.However,how much“hot”orcold”food oneshouldeat dependsonthetime ofthe year,howthefoodis prepared andwhat itispreparedwith,and theindividuaPshealth.The customof employingtonic foodsforahealthier lifealso influencesthe cateringindustry.（枸杞）,Chinese herbalmedicines,such aswolfberry canbe foundon manyarestaurantmenu,either addedto fruittea orasabeneficial additiontoadish.These herbsattract customers,such asover-worked officestaff,in needofamodest pick-me-up.So,whether youneed toboost yourstrength withalargehelping ofchicken soup,or increaseyourmental powerswithaserving ofpigs brainsoup,youmayfind thatthis ancientChinese customcouldbe justthe tonicyou werelooking fbr.
8.What isthe presentsituation oftonic foodA.It iscatching lessattention.B.It isenjoyed bymany youngpeople.C.It iswell knownworldwide.D.It isbecomingincreasinglypopular.
9.What isbelieved tobenefit newmothersA.Chinese cabbage.B.Fruit tea.C.Sesame oilhotpot.D.Pigsbrain soup.
10.Which ofthe followingbest explains“catering”underlined inParagraph3A.Medicine.B.Restaurant.C.Education.D.Fashion.
11.What canbeasuitable titlefbr thetextA.The Charmof ChineseCuisineB.The Popularityof TonicFoodC.An Introductionto ChineseTonic FoodD.Differences Betweenhot Foodand ColdFoodDWe allhave oneshirt inthe closetthat wedont wanttogetrid of,yet keepingaround becausewecant beartojustthrow itinthegarbage.We dontwear itanymore.Being alittle outof style,your oldT-shirt needsanewhome whereit canbe appreciated.One cityin Torontohas starteda projectto giveitone.Earlier thisyear theToronto suburbsof Markhamintroduced anew programencouraging itsresidentsand residentsof nearbysuburbs to donate theirold unwantedclothing.The programisexceptional becauseunlike mostof thosesecond-hand stores,they areaccepting oldclothing thatisntquite inperfect condition.It isbreathing new life intothese typically-trashed items.Contrary to（纺织品）common belief,textiles are not onlyused fbrclothing,and theseitems arebeing re-purposedin avariety ofinteresting ways.The cityhas setup manydifferent donationcenters aroundthe suburbsand residentsareencouraged todonate anyunwanted textilesthey happento havelying aroundtheir house.Ifsvolunteers9duty todivide thedonations intodifferent sorts.Those itemsin usableand goodconditionare donatedto localhomeless sheltersandotheraid centers.Those whicharenotare shippedoff tobeused forindustrial purposes.Only whenthereisno moreindustrial needfor fabricand textileswill theybegintousetheir lastplace—a landfilloutside thecity.（彳昌议）.The programisnt thecitys onlygreen initiativeIt hasalready hadoneofCanada andtheworlds largestsolar panels,and itis saidthat theyare steadilyworking towardsa shiftto100%renewable energy.The cityalso hassubsidized（补助）farmers5markets andover125miles ofbikepaths.As aresult,Markham alsohasamuch lowerrate ofobesity thanother Canadiancities.Now,its一working towardsanother goal100%recycling ofunwanted textiles.
12.What doestheunderlinedword oneinparagraphrefer toA.A shirt.B.A city.C.A home.D.A closet.
13.What dothe volunteersdo withthe unwantedclothingA.Sell themin goodcondition.B.Sort throughthedonations.C.Share themwith poorkids.D.Send themfbr industrialuse.
14.What doesthe authorwanttosay inthelastparagraphA.The cityhasbeenthebestplacetolive in Canada.B.The programis moresuccessful thanexpected.C.The citizenshave fallenin lovewiththecity.D.The city is workinghard tobeagreen one.
15.What isthe mainidea ofthis textA.One Canadiancityisgiving oldclothing anewlife.B.Old clothesare becomingmore usefulin Canada.C.Rubbish hasbeen putinto wideuse inCanada.D.Donation centersbecome popularinCanada.陕西省宝鸡市陈仓区2021-2022学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题第一节（共10小题；每小题2分,满分20分）阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项AEmma HartWillard1787-1870was anAmerican pioneereducator.In hertime colleges anduniversities werefor men,and womenwere notpermitted toattend.Emma receivedadvanced educationat homefromherfatherandbecamea schoolteacher attwenty.She continuedto teachatschool forseveral yearsafterhermarriage,then beganoffering collegelessons inher hometo womenstudents.Later shefounded aschool inNew YorkState,which wasthefirstschoolforhighereducationintheU.S.fbrwomen.Emma Willardalso triedtopersuadeNewYorkstatetopassalawtoallowwomentoattend publiccollegesanduniversities,though thatdidnotcome aboutuntil afterher death.Some years荣誉later peopleremembered herforherlife-long effortsand electedher totheU.S.Hall ofFamein
1905.
1.During EmmaWillards lifetime,women intheU.S..A.were allowedto receivehigher educationB.went toseparate collegesanduniversitiesC.started toenjoy equalrights toeducation D.began tofightfbrtherights toeducation
2.In whatway didEmmas fatherhelp her todowhat shedid A.Heallowed herto runaschoolathome.B.He urgedhertobecome aschoolteacher.C.He taughther collegelessons himself.D.He senthertocollege.3What doyou supposetheU.S.HallofFame is■A.It isa buildingsetupin memoryofthegreat peopleoftheU.S.B.It isa grandhall where honored peoplereceive prizesfromtheU.S.government.C.It isa placewherehonoredpeople intheU.S.are buried.D.It isa clubof VIPsto whichrespectedpeople areelected.
4.Which ofthe followingBEST explainswhy EmmaWillard wasan importantpersonA.She wasthefirstAmerican womantogetacollegeeducation.B.She wasthefirstAmerican womantobecomeacollegeteacher.。
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