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第二讲非谓语动词图考最热点全国卷考频命题热考向局考新变化宾语年考表36非谓语动词作宾语、主语3年4考主语
①重点考查非谓语动词作状
①2020年全国卷I新增对不语和表语3年1考语、宾语、定语以及补语
②定式作结果状语的考查
②语非谓语动词作状语3年6考固定结构中的非谓语动词形法填空在题目设置和句式结非谓语动词作定语3年2考式是考查重点构上变得更为复杂非谓语动词作补语年考33考点一非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语.非谓语动词1动名词作主语通常表示抽象的或习惯性的动作,而不定式作主语则表示具体的、某一次的行为
①众所周知,早睡早起是一个As weall know,going to bed earlyand gettingup earlyis agood habit.好习惯
②To pletethe programneeds mucheffort.完成这项计划需要很大的努力作形式主语,代替真正作主语的动词不定式或动名词常见句型有
2.itIt isno use/good/fiin doing sth.It is a wasteof time doing sth.-It takessb.some timeto do sth.Ifs+^tZ/.+for/of sb.+to do sth.Its importantfor thefigures to be updatedregularly.定期更新数据是很重要的非谓语动词作表语
3.非谓语动词中能作表语的有现在分词、过去分词、动名词和不定式现在分词作表语意为“令人感到……的,而过去分词作表语意为“本身感到……的”1The newswas excitingand we were excitedthe wholenight.这则消息令人激动,我们激动了整整一晚上不定式、动名词都可以作表语,但动名词作表语多指抽象的、经常性的动作2What hedid in the meeting was chattingwith Mary.他在会议上所做的事情就是与玛丽谈话不定式则多表示具体的动作,尤其是某一次的动作3我的工作是每个星期打扫房子三次My jobis toclean thehouse threetimes aweek.等系动词后可跟过去分词作表语,表示被动或主语的状态4get,bee,look,seem,appearThis quotationfrom WinstonChurchill tellsus thatwe shouldntget discouragedright after]ures温斯顿・丘吉尔的这句名言告诉我们,失败后我们绝不能气馁非谓语动词作宾语
4.若非谓语动词作下列动词或动词短语的宾语,则只能用动名词1suggest,risk,imagine,mind,admit,practice,allow,avoid,delay,include,deny,escape,advise,finish,等miss,insist on,look forwardto,feel like,get downto,object to,devote one*s timeto我回避提及这个话题,以免冒犯他I avoidedmentioning thesubject incase heshould beoffended.若非谓语动词作下列动词或动词短语的宾语,则只能用不定式2等decide,refuse,promise,pretend,hesitate,manage,plan,fail,choose,would likeShewill attemptto beatthe worldrecord.她试图要打破世界纪录()有些动词或动词短语既可接不定式作宾语,也可接动名词作宾语,但表示的含义不同
3.打算做某事to do sthmeanforgetregret意味着做某事忘记去做某事(未做)忘记做过某事(已做)遗憾doing sth.fto dosth.[doing sth.to dosth.要去做某事(未做)后悔做过某事(已做)doing sth..尽力做某事试着做某事to dosth doing sth..继续做另外一件事.继续做同一件事to dosth doingsthgo on.fto dosth.记着去做某事未做doingsth.记得做过某事(已做)(to)dosth.不能帮助remember做某事情不自禁地做某事doingsth.cant help•我很遗憾地告诉你我不能来了I regretto tellyou thatI cante.I stillremember beingtaken to the FamenTemple andwhat Isaw there.我仍记得别人带我去过法门寺,并记得在那里我所看到的一切动词作介词的宾语时,要用动名词形式,不能用动词不定式4The authorbegins hisaccount of the tourin theforest mainlyby describingvarious sounds.作者主要是通过描绘各种声音开始叙述自己的森林之旅的◎题组微练单句语法填空,烟台市高考适应性练习]牺牲一
1.[2021Adults cannote thatmakepersonal sacrificessuch aspostponinga vacationor stayinghome ifwe*re notfeeling well-helps toreduce thechance ofcarrying illnessintoour ownmunities.•银川市普通高中学科教学质量检测
2.
[2021]When agame esto anend,the winneris determined贴目.bycount eachplayefs surroundedterritories alongwith capturedstones andkomi,贵阳市高三适应性考试一]
3.[2021He saidhe becamecrazy aboutcalligraphy,so hedecidedestablish acalligraphic museumin Moscow.,赣州市高三年级适应性考试]
4.[2021Food deliveryand takeawayservices will stop usesingle-use餐具plastic strawsand cutlerynationwide.•全国卷
5.[2018IH]I quicklylower myself,ducking myhead to avoid lookingdirectly intohis eyesso hedoesntfeelchallenge.考点二非谓语动词作定语定语形式功能现在分词,般式表示动作是主动进行的行为或者正在进行当中doing现在分词一般式的被动结构表不动作是被动行为且正在进行当中being done过去分词表示动作是被动完成的行为或者单纯表示已经完成done动词不定式表示将要发生的动作to do动词不定式一般式的被动结构表示将要被做的动作to bedone
①We areinvited toa partytobeheld inour clubnext Friday.我们被邀请参加下星期五在我们俱乐部举办的晚会
②He isalways thefirst toarrive atthe schooland the last toleave theschool.他总是第一个到校,最后一个离校
③月匕京卷[2015,]The parkwas fullof people,enjoying whoenjoyed themselves in thesunshine.公园里人山人海,人们在阳光下玩得很快乐©Tsinghua University,founded whichwas foundedin1911,is hometoagreat numberof outstandingfigures.清华大学建立于年,是许多杰出人物的摇篮1911名师指津准确判定非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系还是被动关系1准确判定非谓语动词表示的动作发生的时间,即是正在进行或已经完成还是将要发生2The problemdiscussed atthelastmeetingwasof greatimportance.The matterbeing discussednow isof greatimportance.The problemtobediscussed atthe nextmeeting isof greatimportance.◎题组微练单句语法填空,河北衡水中学联考
1.
[2021]The TerracottaArmy,build around2,200years ago,was intendedtoprotect EmperorQin ShiHuang in his afterlife.,山东省六地市部分学校高三联考]
2.[2021The giantpanda,alsoknow aspanda bearor simplypanda,isabear nativeto southcentral China.•浙江卷月
3.
[20207]Agriculture gavepeople theirfirst experienceof thepower oftechnologychange lives.,全国卷
4.[2020II]They representthe eartheback tolife andbest wishesfor newbeginnings.考点三非谓语动词作状语.不定式作状语1原因状语多用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后1Im veryglad tobe invitedto attendthe meeting.我很高兴被邀请参加这个会议目的状语可与替换,但一般不可置于句首2so as to/in orderto soasto匕京卷][2016T Tomake iteasier toget intouch withus,youd betterkeep thiscard athand.为了更容易与我们取得联系,你最好随身带着这张卡片结果状语常表示意想不到的结果,常用3only to dooHe hurriedto thestation only to findthat the train had left.他匆匆赶到车站结果却发现火车已经离开了名师指津熟记固定结构lonly/just to...;too...to...;so/such asto...;...enough forsb.to...2be+M/.+to dosth.As faras Pmconcerned,the bookis veryhard tolearn.就我个人而言,这本书很难理解分词作状语
2.形式现在分词作状语,用来表时间、条件、让步、原因、伴随、结果等现在分词所lo.-ing表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系,且含有进行之意Having workedfbr twodays,Steve managedto finishhis reporton schedule.已经忙活了两天,史蒂夫设法按时完成了他的报告Having beenlaughed atfbr hismistakes,the boywas ashamedand embarrassed.那男孩因犯错而被嘲笑,因此又羞愧又尴尬非谓语动词的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前形式过去分词作状语,用来表时间、条件、让步、原因、伴随等过去分词所表示的2o.-ed动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系,且含有完成之意Offered animportant rolein anew movie,Andy hasgot achance tobee famous.由于在这部新电影中担任重要角色,安迪有了出名的机会源于系表结构的部分过去分词作状语,表示句子主语所处的一种状态不表示被动关系,其3前不用常见的有坐着的,躲着,专注的,沉溺于,being,seated hiddendevoted lost/absorbed in出身于,穿着,厌烦了等bom indressed intired ofAbsorbedinhisbook,he didntnotice meenter theroom.他专注于读书,没注意到我进入房间名师指津把握分词与句子逻辑主语之间的关系;区别现在分词与过去分词现在分1词表示主动或正在进行,过去分词表示被动或完成现在分词的完成式表示分词的动作和句子主语之间是主动关系,同时分词动作先2having done于句子谓语动词发生Having drivenall day,wewererather tired.开了一天的车,我们相当累不定式作结果状语为主观上意想不到的结果,现在分词作结果状语为客观上顺其自然而产生3的结果More highwayshave beenbuilt inChina,making itmuch easierfor peopleto travelfrom oneplace toanother.中国又建了很多高速公路,这使人们的出行变得更容易了有些分词或不定式短语作状语,构成独立结构,其形式的选择不受上下文的影响常见的有
3.一般来说generally speaking坦白地说frankly speaking根据来判断judging from/by...考虑至considering.../taking...into consideration说实话to tellthe truth与相比较pared to/with首先to beginwith鉴于/由于seeing...假设,如果supposing假使assuming考虑到,鉴于given如果providedthat...关于concerningJudging fromwhat hesaid justnow,he mustbe verysatisfied withyour performance.根据他刚才说的判断,他一定对你的演出很满意◎题组微练单句语法填空
1.[2020,全国卷I]Chinese researchershope touse theinstruments onboard Chang,e-4find andstudyareas of the SouthPole-Aitken basin.
2.[2020・山东高考模拟卷]follow bya weddingphotographer,the couplemade asurprise visitto thehospitalbefore headingto thereception.,河南省高三质量检测]
3.[2021The banwillstopbillions ofpieces ofplastic enteringour ecosystem,thus helpto conserveour preciousseas andoceans,»Former PrimeMinister TheresaMay everwrote onTwitter.,高三八校第二次联考]
4.[2021Every yearmore thana billionanimals arekilled makeleatherproducts from their skins.考点四掌握非谓语动词的几种句型公式.不定式作宾语补足语1;tell/order/persuade/force/wam/encourage/ask/invite+dosth.Fd liketo inviteyou to take partin theactivity.我想邀请你参加这项活动后用省略的不定式作宾语补足语的动词“五看;三使;二听;一感觉”
2.“to”五看look at/watch/notice/see/observe sth.三使;make/have/let sth.二听;listen to/hear sth.一感觉feeloI likethe filmbecause itcan makeme laugh.我喜欢这部电影,因为它能让我笑用于形式主语结构中
3.it名词或形容词动词;It+be+no good,no use,a pleasure,worthwhile,useless+-ing形容词等+;It+be+difficult/kind/clever foi70f dosth.It+takes+sb.+some time+to dosth.As isknown tous,ifs nouse plainingwithout takingaction.众所周知,只抱怨不采取行动没用结构表示出乎意料的结果
4.onlyto doHe hurriedto thestation onlyto findthetrainhadleft.他匆忙赶到车站结果却发现火车已经开走了复合结构中补足语的比较
5.with表主动、进行sb./sth.doing表被动、完成with.sth.done表将来sth.to doWithso manypeople lookingat him,he feltvery nervous.那么多人看着他,他感到很紧张With theproblem solved,the qualityhas beenimproved.问题解决了,质量也提高了有些非谓语动词形式的固定结构
6.鉴于,考虑到considering that从来看judging by/from•假定,假设supposing/providing/provided/assuming that.•与相比pared with/toMichaefs newhouse islike ahuge palace,pared withhis oldone.与迈克的旧房子比起来,他的新房子像个大宫殿◎题组微练单句语法填空匕京卷]成瘾
1.[20207The problemof phoneaddiction has been observedsince afew yearsago,with experts and psychologiststryto increaseawareness aboutthis problem.全国卷
2..[2020,HI]And whenhe sawthe mistsrising from the riverand the soft clouds surround themountaintops,he wasreduced totears.,山东新高考质量测评]
3.[2021Theyre neithermedical workersin closecontact withthe novelcoronavirusnor governmentofficials whoreceive thelatest updatesofthesituation-yet the/re keepingusinfbnnofthe developmentoftheepidemic.语法填空解题技法【典例感悟】月方斤江卷]
1.[2020,1Something significantis happeningto theworld population—it isaging.The中位数的一median ageof anAmerican in1950was30today itis41and is expected increaseto42by
2050.全国卷
2..[2020,H]They makegreat gifsand yousee themmany timesdecoratewith redenvelopesand messagesof goodfortune.•月匕京卷]
3.[2020And third,tiger sharkshave teethperfectlydesign forcutting theirfood,so itiscertain thatthe damagewill bedisastrous.
4.[2021・赣州市高三年级适应性考试]Chinas NationalDevelopment andReform missionis takinganumber ofmeasuresdesign tocut theproduction anduse ofplastics overthe nextfive years.,濮阳市高三毕业班第二次模拟]
5.[2021The teensact soonspread quickly,inspire kidsand adultsworldwidetotakeaction.,青岛市高三统一质量检测]
6.[2021In richercountries,people aremore likelyto spendtime sitinoffices.,衡阳市高三毕业班联考
7.
[2021]It isobvious thatgrowmuch full-sun coffeeaffects manyaspectsof life,fromthelocal environmentto theglobal ecology.【答题微点】语法填空解题要素”“5非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间表示主动、进行,要用现在分词形式
1.doing非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间表被动、完成,要用过去分词形式
2.done非谓语动词表将来的动作,作状语表示目的;在喜怒哀乐的形容词后作原因或意料之外的结
3.果等,要用不定式形式to do掌握非谓语动词的句型公式
4.形容词+;lIts+fbr/of sb.+to dosth.2Its nogood/use/pleasure doingsth.3find/think/believe/consider+it+^.+todosth.o牢记用动名词或不定式作宾语的动词
5.语法填空湖南名校联盟高三联考
[2021]Chinese peopleare proudof theirfood.However,when foreignerstalkabout Chinese food,they expressopinions yourexpectations.As Igrew upin the UK,the Chinese food Iwas usedto eatingwas Inow recognizeas Guangdongfoodbecause mostChinese immigrantstotheUK camefrom Guangdong.The typicaldish orderthere wouldbepork insweet andsour sauce.When mostBritish peopleattempted pronouncewords inChinese,they actually普通话made thesound ofCantonese.So hearingMandarin iskind ofhuge shockto someBritish people,who thinkit soundspletely differentfromthewords theyhave heard!British peoplesthink onChinesefoodis probablychanging,though.Chinese-American chef,Ken Hom,who workon BritishTV for over30years,says uChinesefoodinthe1980sintheUKwas mainlysweet.土也方的Now more regional Chinesefood fromSichuan,Hunan andother areasof Chinasee.Thesevarious cuisinesbee successfulhere andtaste Chinesedishes alsobroaden theirappeal tothe British.vBut whatdo foreignersthink whenthey eto Chinaand eatreal ChinesefoodIn myexperience,theimpression usuallyis amazinggood.第二讲非谓语动词突破高考重点点拨易错易混考点一答案与解析此处应用非谓语动词且空格处在从句中作主语,应用动名词形式动
1.making名词作主语多用来表示泛指或抽象动作,不定式多用来表示特指或具体动作“作出牺牲”是一个抽象动作故填making答案与解析考查非谓语动词在介词后,应用名词、代词或动名词作宾语,故
2.counting by本空应用动词的动名词形式counting答案与解析考查非谓语动词为固定用法,意为“决定做某事”,
3.to establishdecide todosth.此处不定式作宾语,所以填to establish答案与解析考查非谓语动词句意在全国范围内,食品外卖服务将停止使用一次性
4.using塑料吸管和餐具表示“停止(正在做的)某事”应用stop doingsth.o答案与解析根据句子结构可知,此处作系动词的表语,主语为故要用
5.challenged feelhe,表示“受到挑战的”challenged,考点二答案与解析考查非谓语动词兵马俑建于大约年前,为了在秦始皇死后能保护他
1.built2200兵马俑的谓语动词是建造和谓语之间没有连词,可以判断出要用非谓语形式,过去分词was intended,表示被动,故填built答案与解析考查非谓语动词本句的谓语是,此处应用非谓语动词;此处应用过
2.known“is”去分词作定语修饰因为和之间是被动关系故填“The giantpanda”,“The giantpanda”know known答案与解析考查非谓语动词(不定式)句意农业让人们第一次体验到科技改
3.to change变生活的力量此处用不定式作定语,修饰故填technology,to change答案与解析考查非谓语动词和之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,故用现在分词作
4.ing theearthe后置定语,所以填ing考点三答案与解析考查非谓语动词该句主句为
1.to findChinese researchershope touse theinstruments七后面部分为不定式在句中作目的状语onboardChang-4,答案与解析考查非谓语动词分析句子结构可知,句中已经有谓语动词
2.Followed made,the与之间是被动关系,故用过去分词作状语couple followfollowed答案与解析考查非谓语动词句意因此帮助保护我们珍贵的海洋与前面整个
3.helping help句子存在逻辑上的主谓关系,故用所给词的现在分词,作状语答案与解析考查非谓语动词句意每年有超过亿只动物被杀,用它们的皮做
4.to make10皮革制品分析句子可知,空格处在句中作目的状语,英语中一般用动词不定式作目的状语,故填to make考点四答案与解析考查非谓语动词此处是复合结构作状语,
1.trying withexpertsandpsychologists和为逻辑上的主谓关系,故用现在分词形式try tryingo答案与解析考查非谓语动词在+宾语+宾补”结构中,宾语与宾补之间是
2.surrounding“see主动关系,用现在分词表示动作正在进行与之间是主动关系,且表示正在thesoftcloudssurround发生的事情,故填surroundingo答案与解析考查非谓语动词句意他们既不是与新型冠状病毒密切接触的医务
3.informed人员,也不是收到最新情况的政府官员——但他们一直向我们通报疫情的发展keep sb.+doing/done,非谓语结构作宾语补足语本题中的动词与宾语之间为被动关系,应用过去分词形式inform刷经典试题明晰解题技法语法填空解题技法答案与解析分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语且不是并列谓语,故此
1.to increaseisexpected,处考查的是非谓语动词固定表达.表示“被期望做某事“,不定式作补足语be expectedtodosth答案与解析已有谓语动词及故空格处应为非谓语动词又因句
2.decorated makesee,decorate中与之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作宾语补足语them decorate答案与解析考查非谓语动词分析句子结构可知,和为逻辑上的动宾
3.designed teachdesign关系,故应用过去分词designedo答案与解析考查非谓语动词分析句子结构,可知在句中应用非谓语动词
4.designed design形式,且与逻辑主语构成被动关系,故用过去分词作定语measures答案与解析考查非谓语动词分析句子可知,此处应用非谓语动词作状语,逻辑主
5.inspiring语和之间是主动关系,应用现在分词,故填the teensact inspireinspiringo答案与解析考查动名词固定短语.意为“花费时间做某事”
6.sitting spendtimedoingsth答案与解析考查非谓语句意很明显,种植全日照咖啡会影响生活的方方面面,
7.growing从当地环境到全球生态在这句话中是终止许多全日照咖啡作主语,所以将变为动名词grow growing作主语对点跟踪检测提升应试能力语法填空【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文作者从自己的经历出发,讲述了中国菜系在英国的发展状况,从最初英国人认识的粤菜到如今的川菜、湘菜等,地方菜系已经被英国人认可答案与解析考查介词根据下文的内容可知,外国人对中国菜的看法会出乎你的预
1.beyond料(「)意为“超出(某人的)预期”beyond sbs expectation答案与解析考查连词表语从句中的谓语是及物动词,其后缺少宾语,因此
2.what recognize用引导…意为“认为某物是”what recognizesth.as答案与解析考查非谓语动词空处作后置定语修饰且与动词之间为逻
3.ordered dish,dish order辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词rdered答案与解析考查非谓语动词分析句子结构可知,此处应用非谓语动词作宾语
4.to pronounce.意为“努力/尝试/试图做某事”attempt todsth答案与解析考查冠词在此处意为“令人震惊的事”,为可数名词,且表示泛指,
5.a shock故填不定冠词a答案与解析考查名词分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作主语,因此用名
6.thought/thinking词表示“看法,想法”,再依据空后的可知用单数形式thought/thinking is答案与解析考查动词的时态根据句中的可知,
7.hasbeenworking/has worked“forover30years这位美籍华人已经在英国电视台工作了多年,因此用现在完成进行时或现在完成时30答案与解析考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致空处作谓语,根据时间状语和
8.is seenNow语境可知用一般现在时,主语是表示单数概念的(地方的)与动词是moreregionalChinesefood,see被动关系,故填is seeno答案与解析考查形容词空处作定语修饰故填形容词意为“美味
9.tasty Chinesedishes,tasty,的”答案与解析考查副词该空要填的词修饰形容词因此用所给词的副词形式
10.amazingly good,。
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