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热点练阅读理解话题科学技术05命题趋势J“科学技术类”文章是高中新课程标准话题之一该话题包括各领域最新科技知识、最新发明创造等方面科技已经影响渗透到我们生活的方方面面，例如电视、电脑、手机、、火箭、MP3卫星、宇宙飞船……好多好多，几天几夜都说不完总之生活离不开科技，科技在为生活服务点点滴滴，时时事事，科技无处不在“科学技术类”话题是历年高考英语的必考话题，主要题型为阅读理解，体裁一般为说明文，分值所占比重也比较高解答阅读理解最基本的原则—忠于原文，把握文章主旨大意，有理有据、不能主观臆断解题步骤在理解文章主旨大意的基础上一定、二找、三比较一定读题干，定关键词二找利用关键词，结合命题顺序，在文中找到信息句三比较将信息与选项比较，选出正确答案正确的答案的特征.与主题吻合同义替换语气委婉，不绝对化
12.
3.错误选项的特征无中生有、以偏概全、偷换概念、过度推理、常识干扰、绝对化点话题科学研究发明创造科普知识electricity createdthe modemworld.Yet properlyunderstood,the age of electricityis merelythe secondstagein the age ofsteam,which begana centuryearlier.It iscurious thatno onehas puttogether ahistory of both the steam and electric revolutions.n writesMauryKlein inhis bookThe PowerMakers,Steam,Electricity,and theMen InventedModem America.Klein,a notedhistorian oftechnology,spins anarrative solively thatat timesit readslike anovel.The storybegins in the lastyears of the18th centuryin Scotland,where Wattperfected themachine thatchangedthe world
1.Klein writes,HAmerica didnot inventthe steamengine,but oncethey graspeditspasswords they put it to more uses thananyone else.nMeanwhile,over thecourse of19th century,electricity wentfrom merecuriosity to a basicnecessity.Morse inventeda codefor sendingmessages over an electromagnetic circuit.Bell thengave thetelegraph avoice.Edison perfectedan incandescentbulls thatbrought electriclight into the Americanhome.Most importantly,Edison realized that success depended on mass electrification,which heshowed in NewYork City.With helpfrom Tesla,Westinghouse*s firmdeveloped asystem usingalternating current,whichsoon becamethe majorforms ofpower delivery.To framehis story,Klein createsthe characterof Ned,a fictionalwitness to the progress brought about bythe steamsand electricrevolutions inAmerica duringone man*s lifetime.Its atechnique thathelps turna longnarrative into an interesting one.
4.What isKleins understandingof theage ofelectricityA.It isclosely linkedto thesteam age.B.It beganearlier thanproper thought.C.It is a little-studied periodof history.D.It willcome to an endsooner orlater.
5.What can be inferredabout NedA.He wasborn inNew YorkCity.B.He wrotemany increasingstories,D.HeC.He createdan electricitycompany.lived mainlyin the19th century.
6.What is the textA.A biography.B.A bookreview,C.A shortstory.D.Ascience report.【答案解析】【答案】
4.A
5.D
6.B【解析】本文是说明文文章按照时间顺序讲述了蒸汽时代和电力时代的联系【题详解】推理判断题根据第二段4It iscurious thatno onehas puttogether ahistory ofboth thesteam（我很好奇，竟然没有人把蒸汽和电力革命的历史放在一起）可知，在and electricrevolutions.Klein看来，电力时代和蒸汽时代是有很紧密的联系的故选A【题详解】5推理判断题根据最后一段“To framehis story,Klein createsthe characterof Ned,a fictionalwitness to the（为了编progressbrought about by the steamsand electricrevolutions inAmerica duringone marfslifetime.织他的故事，创造了一个人物它是对美国蒸汽和电力革命在一个人的整个人生中的进程的Klein Ned,神奇的见证）和第四段“Meanwhile,over thecourse of19th century,electricity wentfrom merecuriosity to（同时，在世纪，电力从好奇变成了根需）可知，见证了蒸汽时代和电a basicnecessity.^^19Ned力革命，所以他应该是生活在世纪故选19D【题详解】6推理判断题根据最后一段To framehis story,Klein createsthe characterof Ned,a fictionalwitness to theprogress broughtaboutby the steamsandelectricrevolutions inAmerica duringone manslifetime.Its a（为了构建他的故事，克莱因创造了奈德technique thathelps turna longnarrativeinto aninterestingone.这个角色，一个虚构的人物，在一个人的一生中见证了蒸汽和电力革命给美国带来的进步这是一种有助于将长篇故事变得有趣的技巧）可知，这篇文章是一篇书评故选B【词汇积累】仅仅，只合并革命电磁体电路电merely puttogether revolutionselectromagneticcircuitelectrification气化交替的递送叙述的，记叙文alternating deliverynarrative【长难句析】
1.Most importantly,Edison realizedthat successdepended onmass electrification,which heshowed inNewYork City.【分析】本句是一个复合句，含有一个宾语从句和一个that successdepended onmass electrification引导的定语从句，修饰前面句子which Edisonrealizedthatsuccessdependedonmasselectrification o【翻译】最重要的是，爱迪生意识到成功依赖于大规模的电气化，他在纽约展示了这一点在特斯拉的帮助下，西屋电气公司开发了一种使用交流电的系统，很快就成为了电力输送的主要形式
2.America didnot inventthesteamengine,but oncethey graspedits passwordstheyputittomoreusesthananyone else.【分析】本句含有一个并列分句和一个省略了的定语从句，but oncethey graspedits passwords that先行词为passwords【翻译】汽机不是美国人发明的，但一旦他们掌握了它的密码，他们就比任何人都更能利用它主题语境语篇类型文章词数核心词汇（年新高考卷之篇）2022I B机器人事例阐述307robotsAn Australianprofessor isdeveloping a robot tomonitor thehealth ofgrazing cattle,a developmentthatcould bring big changes to a profession thats relied largely on a low-tech approachfor decades but is facing alaborshortage.Salah Sukkarieh,a professorat the University ofSydney,sees robotsas necessarygiven howcattlemen areaging.He isbuilding afour-wheeled robotthat willrun onsolar andelectric power.It willuse cameras andsensors tomonitor theanimals.A computersystem willanalyze thevideo todetermine whether a cowis sick.（标签）Radio tagson theanimals willmeasure temperaturechanges.The quality of grasslandwill betracked（质地）by monitoring the shape,color andtexture ofgrass.That way,cattlemen willknow whetherthey needtomove theircattle to another fieldfor nutritionpurposes.Machines havelargely takenover planting,watering andharvesting cropssuch ascom andwheat,but themonitoringof cattlehas gonethrough fewerchanges.For Texascattleman Pete Bonds,its increasinglydifficult to find workersinterested inwatching cattle.ButBonds doesnt believe arobot is right for the job.Years ofexperience in the industry-and failedattempts to usetechnology-have convincedhim that the bestway to check cattleis with a man on a horse.Bonds,who boughthis first cattle almost50years ago,still haseach ofhis cowboysinspect300or400cattle dailyand look forsigns thatan animal is getting sick.Other cattlemensee morepromise inrobots.Michael KelseyParis,vice presidentof theOklahomaCattlemens Association,said arobot couldbe extremelyuseful givenrising concernsabout cattletheft.Cattletend to be keptin remoteplaces and their valuehas risen,making themappealing targets.
12.What is a problem with thecattle-raising industryA.Soil pollution.B.Lack ofworkers.C.Aging machines.D.Low profitability.
13.What willSukkariehs robotbe able to doA.Monitor thequalityofgrass.B.Cure thediseased cattle.C.Move cattletoanotherfield.D.Predict weatherchanges.
14.Why doesPeteBondsstill hirecowboys towatch cattleA.He wantsto helpthem earna living.B.He thinksmen can do thejob better.C.He is inexperienced inusing robots.D.He enjoysthe traditionalway oflife.
15.How mayrobots helpwith cattlewatching according to Michael KelseyA.Increase thevalue ofcattle.B.Bring downthe costof labor.C.Make thejob moreappealing.D.Keep cattlefrom beingstolen.【答案解析】【答案】
12.B
13.A
14.B
15.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文文章讲述了澳大利亚一名教授正在开发一种机器人，用于监测放牧牛的健康状况【题详解】12细节理解题根据文章第一段“An Australianprofessor isdeveloping arobot tomonitor thehealth ofgrazingcattle,a developmentthat couldbringbig changestoaprofession thatsrelied largelyon alow-tech approachfor（澳大利亚——名教授正在开发一种机器人，用于监测放牧牛的健decadesbut isfacinga laborshortage.康状况，这一开发可能会给畜牧业带来重大变化几十年来，畜牧业主要依靠低技术手段，但目前正面临劳动力短缺的问题）“可知，畜牧产业面临劳动力短缺的问题故选B【题详解】13细节理解题根据文章第二段叩“The qualityof grasslandwill betracked bymonitoringthesh e,color and（质地）（通过监测草形状、颜色和质地来跟踪草地的质量）”可知，texture ofgrass.Sukkarieh的机器人可以监测草的质量故选A【题详解】14细节理解题根据文章第四段“But Bondsdoesntbelievearobotisrightfor thejob.Years ofexperience in theindustry-and failedattempts touse technology-have convincedhim that the bestway tocheck cattleis witha（但邦兹认为机器人并不适合这份工作多年的行业经验——以及使用技术的失败尝manon ahorse.试——使他确信，检查牛的最好方法是让一名男子骑在马上）”可知，皮特・邦兹仍然雇佣牛仔看牛是因为他认为人能做得更好故选B【题详解】15细节理解题根据文章最后一段“MichaelKelseyParis,vice presidentof theOklahoma Cattlemens（俄克拉荷马州养Association,said arobot couldbe extremelyuseful givenrising concernsabout cattletheft.牛人协会副会长迈克尔・凯尔西・帕里斯说，鉴于人们对偷牛的担忧不断上升，机器人可能会非常有用）“可知，机器人帮助照看牛，可以防止牛被偷故选D【词汇积累】传感器，感应器检测标签质地营养呼吁目标sensors monitortags texturenutrition appealtargets【长难句析】
1.An Australianprofessor isdeveloping arobot tomonitor thehealth ofgrazing cattle,a developmentthatcould bringbigchangestoaprofessionthatsrelied largelyon alow-tech approachfor decadesbutisfacing alaborshortage.【分析】本句是一个复合句，主句An Australianprofessor isdeveloping arobot tomonitor thehealth of；为同位语，其后又有引导的定语从句；而且grazing cattlea developmentthat thatsreliedlargelyon a为定语从句，彳修饰先行词low-tech approachfor decadesa professiono【翻译】一名澳大利亚教授正在开发一种用于监测放牧牲畜健康状况的机器人，这一进展可能会给几十年来主要依赖低技术手段、但正面临劳动力短缺的行业带来巨大变化
2.Bonds,who boughthis firstcattle almost50years ago,still haseach ofhis cowboysinspect300or400cattledaily andlookforsigns thatan animalis gettingsick.【分析】本句含有一个定语从句先行词为；who boughthisfirstcattlealmost50years ago,Bonds thatan为同位语从句，修饰animalisgettingsicksignso【翻译】邦兹大约在年前买了他的第一头牛，现在他仍然让他的每个牛仔每天检查或头50300400牛，寻找动物生病的迹象（年全国乙卷之篇）2021B主题语境语篇类型文章词数核心词汇固定电话事例阐述342landlineWhen almosteveryone has a mobile phone,why aremore thanhalf ofAustralian homesstill payingfor a（座机）landlineThese daysyoud behard pressedto findanyone inAustralia over theage of15who doesntown a mobilephone.In factplenty ofyounger kidshave onein their pocket.Practically everyonecan make and receivecallsanywhere,anytime.（）Still,55percent ofAustralians have a landlinephone athome andonly justoveraquarter29%rely only（调查）.on theirsmartphones accordingtoasurvey Of those Australians who still have a landline,a thirdconcede that its not really necessary and theyre keeping it asa security blanket——19percent saythey neveruse it while a further13percent keepit incase of emergencies.I thinkmy homefalls intothat category.More thanhalf ofAustralian homesare stillchoosing tostick withtheir home phone.Age isnaturally a（因素）一factor only58percent ofGeneration Ysstill uselandlines now and then,compared to84percent ofBaby Boomers whove perhaps had the same home number for50years.Age isntthe onlyfactor;Id sayits alsoto do withthe makeupof yourhousehold.Generation Xerswith youngfamilies,like mywife andI,can stillfind itconvenient to have ahome phonerather than providingamobilephone forevery familymember.That said,to behonest theonly peoplewho everring our homephone are our Baby Boomers parents,tothepoint wherewe playa gameand guesswho iscalling（）before wepick upthe phoneusing CallerID wouldtake thefun out of it.How attachedare youto yourlandline Howlong untilthey gothe way of gasstreet lampsand morningmilk deliveries
24.What doesparagraph2mainly tellus aboutmobile phonesA.Their targetusers.B.Their widepopularity.C.Their majorfunctions.D.Their complexdesign.
25.What doesthe underlinedword concede“in paragraph3meanA.Admit.B.Argue.C.Remember.D.Remark.
26.What canwe sayabout BabyBoomersA.They likesmartphone games.B.They enjoyguessing callers9identity.C.They keepusing landlinephones.D.They areattached totheir family.
27.What can be inferredabout thelandline from the last paragraphA.It remainsa familynecessity.B.It willfall out of usesome day.C.It mayincrease dailyexpenses.D.It isas importantas thegas light.【答案解析】【答案】
24.B
25.A
26.C
27.B【解析】本文是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了澳大利亚使用固定电话的情况，并且表达了固定电话是非必需品的观点（题】主旨大意题根据文章第二段24“These daysyoud behard pressedtofindanyone inAustraliaover theage of15who doesntown amobilephone.In factplenty ofyounger kidshave onein（现在你很难在澳大theirpocket.Practically everyonecan makeand receivecalls anywhere,anytime.利亚找到岁以上的没有手机的人事实上，很多年幼的孩子口袋里都有手机几乎每个人都15可以随时随地拨打和接听电话），，可推知，本段主要说明手机在澳大利亚广受欢迎故选B项【题】词句猜测题根据划线单词的上文（在25“Of thoseAustralians who still have a landline那些仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人中户可知，这个调查的目标人群是仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人；根据下文“itsnotreally necessaryand theyrekeepingitasasecurity blanket-19percent saythey（固定电话并不是必须的，他never useit whilea further13percent keepit incase ofemergencies们将其作为一种安全保障一一的人表示他们从未使用过固定电话，另有的人保留固定19%13%电话以防紧急情况）”可知，很多人认为固定电话并不是必须拥有的，有些人保留固定电话只是为了防止紧急情况从而推知，在调查中，他们应该是承认了固定电话的非必要性由此推知，划线单词意为“承认”故选项“concede”A【26题】推理判断题根据文章第四段84percent ofBabyBoomerswho!veperhapshadthe.（婴儿潮时代中有的人可能已经有年相同的家庭号码samehomenumberfor50years84%50了）”以及文章第五段“That said,to behonest theonly peoplewho everringourhomephoneareour（也就是说，老实说，唯一打过我们家电话的人是婴儿潮一代的父母）“可BabyBoomersparents推知，婴儿潮时代的人一直用固定电话故选项C题】推理判断题根据文章最后一段[27“How attachedare youto yourlandline Howlong until（你有多喜欢你的座机？它们还要they gothe way of gasstreet lampsand morningmilkdeliveries多久才能走上煤气路灯和早晨送牛奶的道路？厂可推知，本段使用类比的方式，使用煤气路灯以及早晨送牛奶已经被淘汰的例子，侧面说明了固定电话总有一天会废弃的故选项B【词汇积累】安全紧急事件；紧急需要种类，范畴security emergenciescategory【长难句析】OfthoseAustralianswhostillhave alandline,a thirdconcedethatifs notreallynecessaryandthey,rekeeping itasasecurityblanket——19percent saythey never useitwhileafurther13percent keepit incase ofemergencies.I thinkmy homefalls intothat category.【分析】本句中的为定语从句，修饰先行词；whostillhave alandline Australiansa thirdconcede后为引导的宾语从句；为省略了的定语从句；表示对比that theyneveruseit thatwhile【翻译】在那些仍有固定电话的澳大利亚人中，三分之一的人承认没有必要，他们把它当作安全毯——的人说他们从不使用它，另有的人留着它以防紧急情况19%13%热点练（每篇限时分钟）7（河北省示范性高中学年高三月调研考试英语试题）2022-20239Housing rankshigh among（征月艮）the numerouschallenges thatstill need to beovercome beforehumans cancolonize Mars.Thebrave pioneersthat make the six-month voyagetotheRed Planetwill needa placeto live in assoon astheyland.While the best solutionwould be to havethe structuresready before they getthere,it hasso farbeen a challenge given that most construction robots have never made it outof thelaboratory.Now,theremay be a bitof hopethanks toMassachusetts Instituteof Technologysnewly revealedDigital（）Construction PlatformDCP.The DCPcomprises adouble armsystem that is fittedon atracked vehicle.As thelarger armmoves,the smaller,precision motorrobotic armbuilds thestructure byshooting outthe necessaryconstruction（绝缘泡沫）material,ranging frominsulation foamto concrete.The teamof researchersled byPh.D.Steven Keatingsay thatunlike other3-D printersthat arelimited to building objectsthat fitwithin theiroverallenclosure,DCPs freemoving systemscan be used toconstruct structuresof anysize.The teamrecently demonstratedthe DCPsbuilding skillson anempty field in Mountain View,CA.The robotbegan bycreating amold withexpanding foamthat hardenswhen dry.It thenconstructed thebuilding,layer bylayer,using sensorsto raiseitself higheras itprogressed.The finalproduct wasasturdy homethat had50-foot diameterwalls anda12-foot highroof withroom foressentials likeelectricitywires andwater pipesto beinserted inside.Even moreimpressive Ittook amere14hours to！print”The researchers9next planis tomake the DCP smartenough toanalyze theenvironment wherethestructure isgoing to be builtand determinethe material densities bestsuited for the area.However,thatsnot eventhe bestpart.Future DCPmodels aregoing to be solar-powered,autonomous,and,mostimportantly,capable ofsourcing constructioncomponents fromits surroundings.This meansthe robotcan be sent to remote,disaster-stricken areas,and perhapseven toMars,to buildshelters usingwhatevermaterial is available.
1.What dowe learnfrom thefirst paragraphA.Housing pioneerson Marsisareality.B.Colonizing Marsis outof thequestion.C.Building structureson Marsisin the testingphases.D.Finding aliveable placeon Marsisatop priority.
2.How doesthe DCPdiffer fromother3-D printersA.It consumesless time.B.It comesin moredifferent sizes.C.It ismore environmentallyfriendly.D.It canbuild morediverse structures.
3.What is the thirdparagraph mainly aboutA.The successfulcaseof the DCP.B.The workingprinciple of the DCP.C.The instructionsof usingtheDCP.D.The limitationof the DCPs function.
4.What mightbe thebiggest highlightof futureDCP A.Being poweredby solar.B.Building sheltersanywhere.C.Collecting buildingmaterials onsite.参考答案D.Analyzing buildingmaterialdensities.
1.C
2.D
3.A
4.C【导语】本文是一篇说明文主要介绍了麻省理工学院最Massachusetts Instituteof Technology新公布的数字建设平台将如何解决在火星上建房子的问题的DCP推理判断题第一段的
1.“While thebest solutionwould betohavethe structuresready beforethey getthere,it hasso farbeenachallengegiventhatmostconstructionrobotshavenevermadeitoutof the虽然最好的解决方案是在结构物到达之前做好准备，但鉴于大多数建筑机器人从未laboratory.走出实验室，这一直是一个挑战）”推知，在火星上建造建筑物正处于测试阶段故选项C细节理解题根据第二段的一
2.“...unlike other3D printersthat arelimited tobuilding objectsthat fitwithin their overallenclosure,DCPs freemoving systemcan beused toconstruct structuresof anysize.（与其他仅限于构建适合其整体外壳的物体的打印机不同，的自由移动系统可用于构3D DCP建任何尺寸的结构广可知，与其他打印不同，它可以建造更多样化的房屋故选项3D D主旨大意题根据第三段的
3.“The teamrecently demonstratedtheDCPsbuilding skillson anempty（该团队最近在加利福尼亚州山景城的一块空地上展示了的建fieldinMountainView,CA.DCP筑技能厂可知，本段主要介绍了的成功案例故选项DCP A细节理解题根据最后一段的
4.“most importantly,capable ofsourcing constructioncomponents fromitssurroundings.This meansthe robotcan besenttoremote,disaster-stricken areas,and perhapseven to（最重要的是，能够从周边采购建筑构Mars,tobuildshelters usingwhatever materialisavailable.件这意味着机器人可以被送到偏远的灾区，甚至火星，用任何可用的材料建造居所广可知，未来的最大亮点是可以现场收集建筑材料故选项DCP C（•河南•洛宁县第一高级中学高三开学考试）2022Climate sciencehas beenrapidly advancinginrecent years,but the foundations were laid hundreds of years ago.In the1820s,French scientistJoseph Fouriertheorized thatEarth musthave somewayofkeepingheat and that theatmosphere mayplay somerole.In1850,American scientistEunice NewtonFoote put（温度计）thermometers inglass bottlesand experimentedwith placingthem insunlight.Inside thebottles,Foote compareddry air,wet air,N2,O2and CO,and foundthat the bottle containinghumid airwarmed up more and stayed hotter longer than the bottle containing dry air,and that it wasfollowed bythebottle containing CO
2.In1859,Irish scientistJohn Tyndallbegan measuringhow muchheatdifferent gasesin theatmosphere absorb.And in1896,Swedish scientistSvante Arrheniusconcludedthat moreCO2in theatmosphere wouldcause theplanet toheat up:These findingsplanted someof theearliestseeds ofclimate science.The firstcritical breakthroughhappened in1967when Syukuro Manabe and Richard Wetheraldconnectedenergy absorbedbytheatmosphere tothe airmovement verticallyover Earth.They builtamodel whichfirst includedall themain physicalprocesses relatedto climate changes.The predictionsandthe explanationsbased on their modelstill holdtrue in the realworld almosthalf acentury later.The modelwas improvedin the1980s byKlaus Hasselmannwho connected short-term weatherpatterns with long-term climate changes.Hasselmann foundthat evenrandom weatherdata couldyieldinsight intobroader patterns.“The greatestuncertainty in the modelremains whathuman beingswill do.Figuring itout is1,000times harderthan understandingthe physicsbehind climate changes/7Manabe said.There aremanythings we can do to prevent climate change.The wholequestion iswhether peoplewill realize thatsomething whichwill happenin20or30years issomething youhave torespond tonow.^^50,its uptousto solvethe problemthat thesepioneers helpedthe worldunderstand.
5.What doesthe word“humid“underlined in paragraph2meanA.Cool.B.Cold.C.Dry.D.Wet.
6.What isKlaus Hasselmannscontribution toclimate scienceA.He foundthat CO2causes globalwarming.B.He inventeda uniquemeasuring instrument.C.He improvedManabe andWetherald9s model.D.He builta reliablemodel onclimatechange.
7.What isparagraph5mainlyaboutA.The biggestproblemwiththe climatemodel.B.The necessityfor human beings totake actionnow.C.The challengeof understandingclimatechange.D.Measures tobe takento preventclimatechange.
8.Which of the followingcanbethebest title for the textA.Negative Effectsof theGlobal WarmingB.Historic Breakthroughsin ClimateScienceC.Main CausesLeading toClimate ChangeD.Difficulties ofPreventing ClimateChange
5.D
6.C
7.B
8.B【导语】本文是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了气象科学的发展历程及不同时期的科学家所做的贡献词义猜测题根据第二段划线词所在句子
5.“Inside thebottles,Foote compareddry air,wet air,N2,O2and CO,and foundthat thebottle containinghumid airwarmedupmoreandstayedhotterlongerthan（在瓶子内部，thebottlecontainingdryair,andthatit wasfollowed bythebottlecontainingCO
2.Foote比较了干燥空气、潮湿空气、、和发现含有空气的瓶子比含有干燥空气的瓶子N202CO,humid加热得更多，保持温度的时间更长，其次是含有二氧化碳的瓶子y可知，该划线词与后面的为相对词或反义词，对两种空气的情况做对比，所以该词应该是的反义词，应该是“潮dry“dry”湿的/湿润的“，与意思相近故选项wet D细节理解题根据第四段
6.“The modelwas improvedin the1980s byKlaus Hasselmannwho.（该模型在世名己年connectedshort-term weatherpatternswithlong-term climatechanges2080代被改进，他将短期天气模式与长期气候变化联系起来户可知，他的贡献在Klaus Hasselmann于改进了建造的这个模型故选项Syukuro Manabeand RichardWetherald C［限时检测真题链接（每篇限时分钟）8（年全国乙卷之篇）2022C乂旱词数主题语境语篇类型核心词汇科学技术事例阐述327drones（无人机）Can asmall groupof dronesguarantee thesafety andreliability of railways and,at thesame time,help railwayoperators savebillions ofeuros eachyear That isthe very likely future ofapplyingtoday9s“eyes in the sky“technology tomaking surethat themillions of kilometres of rail tracks（基础设施）and infrastructure worldwide are safe for trains on a24/7basis.Drones arealready beingused toexamine high-tension electricallines.They coulddo preciselythesame thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as thecorrectposition of railway tracks and switching points.The moreregularly theycanbeinspected,the morerailway safety,reliability andon-time performancewill be improved.Costs would be cutand operations（高效）would be more efficientacross theboard.That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety.It iscalculated thatEuropean railwaysalone spendapproximately20billion eurosa year on maintenance,including sendingmaintenance staff,often atnight,to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.That canbedangerous workthat couldbe avoidedwith dronesassisting thecrews efforts.By usingthe latesttechnologies,drones couldalso startproviding higher-value servicesforrailways,detecting faultsinthe rail orswitches,beforetheycan causeany safetyproblems.To performthesetasks,drones forrail dontneed tobe flyingoverhead.Engineers are now workingon a new concept:theraildrones of the future.They willbe movingon thetrack ahead ofthe train,and programmedto runautonomously.Very smalldrones withadvanced sensorsand AIand travellingaheadofthetrain couldguide itlike aco-pilot.With theirability tosee ahead,they couldsignal anyproblem,so thatfast-movingtrains wouldbe ableto react in time.
28.What makesthe applicationof dronesto raillines possible
1.The useof dronesin checkingon powerlines.
8.Drones ability to workat highaltitudes.主旨大意题根据第五段
7.“The greatestuncertainty inthe modelremains whathumanbeingswill do.Figuring itout is1,000times harderthan understandingthe physicsbehind climatechanges,“Manabesaid.There aremany thingswecandotopreventclimatechange.The wholequestion iswhether peoplewillrealizethatsomething whichwill happenin20or30years issomething youhave torespond tonow.（这个模型最大的不确定性仍然是人类会做什么弄清楚这一点比理解气候变化背后的物理原理难倍，“真部说“我们可以做很多事情来防止气候变化整个问题是，人们是否会意1000识到，年或年后会发生的事情是你现在必须应对的事情户可知，气候模型创立者2030Syukuro认为，人类的行为对将来的气候影响至关重要，而人类非常有必要马上为将来的气候变Manabe化采取行动，不能任其自然故选项B主旨大意题通读全文可知,第一段
8.“Climate sciencehas beenrapidly advancingin recentyears,but（气候科学近年来发展迅速，但其基础早在几百年thefoundationswerelaidhundredsofyearsago.前就奠定了广可知，几百年前人们就在研究气候，之后介绍了和French scientistJoseph Fourier的实验得出的理论,第三四段介绍了Irish scientistJohn TyndallSyukuroManabeandRichard建造的模型和和对其进行的改良，所以本文主要介绍了气象科学的Wetherald KlausHasselmann发展历程及不同时期的重大突破故选项B（•河北邯郸•高三开学考试）2022To effectivelyinteract withhumans incrowded socialsettings,such asmalls,hospitals,and otherpublic spaces,robots shouldbe ableto activelyparticipate inbothgroup andone-to-one interactions.Most existingrobots,however,have beenfound toperform muchbetterwhen communicatingwith individualusers thanwith groups of conversinghumans.HoomanHedayati and Daniel Szafir,two researchersat University of NorthCarolina at Chapel Hill,have recentlydeveloped a new data-driven techniquethat couldimprove how robots communicate with groupsofhumans.One ofthe reasonswhy manyrobots occasionallymisbehave whileparticipating in a groupconversationis that their actionsheavily relyon datacollected bytheir sensors.Sensors,however,are（易于遭受）prone to errors,and cansometimes bedisturbed bysudden movementsand obstacles in therobotssurroundings.“If the robots camera is maskedby anobstacle for a second,the robotmight notsee thatperson,andas a result,it ignoresthe user,“Hedayati explained.Based onmy experience,users findthesemisbehaviors disturbing.The keygoal ofour recentproject wasto helprobots detectand predict theposition of an undetectedperson withinthe conversationalgroup.”The techniquedeveloped byHedayati andSzafir wastrained on a seriesof existing datasets.Byanalyzing the positions of other speakers in a group,it canaccurately predicttheposition of anundetecteduser.In thefuture,the newapproach couldhelp toenhance theconversational abilitiesofbothexistingand newlydeveloped robots.This mightin turnmake themeasier toserve inlarge publicspaces,including malls,hospitals,and otherpublic places.The nextstep forus willbeto improve the gazebehavior of robots ina conversationalgroup.People findrobots witha bettergaze behaviormoreintelligent.We wanttoimprovethegazebehavior ofrobots andmakethehuman-robot conversationalgroupmore enjoyablefbr humans.Hedayati said.
9.What isthe techniquedeveloped byHedayati andSzafir basedonA.Data.B.Cameras.C.Existing robots.D.Social settings.
10.What ismainly talkedabout inParagraph2A.The workingprocedure ofrobots.B.The abilityofrobotsto communicate.C.The experienceoftheresearchers.D.The shortcomingsof existingrobots.
11.What willhappen ifa robots cameraisblockedA.It willstop working.B.It willbreak down.C.It willabuse itsuser.D.It willmisbehave.
12.What dowe knowabout the new data-driven techniqueA.It isconsidered afailure.B.It hasbeen usedin malls.C.It getssatisfactory result.D.It onlyworks withnew robots.
9.A
10.D
11.D
12.C【导语】本文是一篇说明文文章介绍研究人员正在开发一种新技术，可以使机器人在同时与很多人交流时能应付自如节理解题根据第一段中
10.“Hooman Hedayati andDanielSzafir,two researchersat UniversityofNorth CarolinaatChapelHill,have recentlydevelopeda newdata-driven techniquethat couldimprove（北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校的两名研究人员胡howrobotscommunicatewithgroupsofhumans.曼・海达亚蒂和丹尼尔・扎菲尔最近开发了一种新的数据驱动技术，可以改善机器人与人类群体的交流方式广可知，这项新技术是基于数据的故选项A主旨大意题根据第二段
11.“One ofthe reasonswhy manyrobots occasionallymisbehave whileparticipatinginagroup conversationis that their actionsheavily relyon datacollected bytheir sensors.（易于遭受）Sensors,however,are pronetoerrors,and cansometimes bedisturbed bysuddenmovements andobstaclesinthe robotssurroundings.（许多机器人在参与群体对话时偶尔会做出错误行为的原因之一是，它们的行为严重依赖于传感器收集的数据但是传感器容易出错，有时会被机器人周围的突然运动和障碍物干扰厂可知，第二段主要介绍了现有机器人的缺点，容易出错故选项D细节理解题根据第三段中
12.If therobotscamerais maskedby anobstacle fora second,therobot（如果机器人的摄像头被障碍物遮挡了might notsee thatperson,and asaresult,it ignoresthe user,一秒钟，机器人可能就看不到那个人，结果就会忽略用户）”和“Based onmy experience,users find.（根据我的经验，用户觉得这些不当行为令人不安户可知，当机器these misbehaviorsdisturbing人的摄像头被阻挡后，它们会做出不当的行为故选项D推理判断题根据第四段中
13.“The techniquedeveloped byHedayatiandSzafir wastrained onaseries ofexistingdatasets.By analyzingthe positionsofotherspeakersinagroup,it canaccurately（和开发的这项技术是在一系列现有的predictthepositionof an undetecteduser.Hedayati Szafir数据集上训练通过分析一组中其他讲话者的位置，可以准确预测未被发现用户的位置广可推知，这项技术已经得到了令人满意的结果故选项C（•浙江湖州•高三阶段练习）2021Researchers saythey haveused brain waves ofa paralyzedmanwho cannotspeak to produce wordsfrom histhoughts ontoa computer.A teamled byDr.Edward ChangattheUniversityof California,San Francisco,carried outthe experiment.“Most ofus takefbr grantedhow easilywe communicatethrough speech,“Chang toldTheAssociated Press.Its excitingto thinkwere atthe verybeginning ofa newchapter,a newfield toeasethe difficultiesof patientswho lostthat ability“The researchersadmit thatsuch communicationmethodsfor paralysis victims willrequire yearsof additionalresearch.But,they saythe newstudy marksanimportant stepforward.Today,paralysisvictimswho cannotspeak orwrite havevery limitedways ofcommunicating.Forexample,a victimcan usea pointerattached toa hatthat letshim movehis headto touchwords orletterson ascreen.Other devicescan pick up apersons eye movements.But suchmethods areslow anda verylimited replacement for speech.Using brainsignals towork arounddisabilities iscurrently ahot fieldof study.Changs teambuilttheir experiment on earlier work.The processuses brainwaves thatnormally controlthe voicesystem.The researchersimplanted electrodeson thesurface ofthe mansbrain,overthearea thatcontrols speech.A computerobserved thepatterns when he attemptedto saycommon words suchaswater or good.Over time,the computerbecame ableto differentiatebetween50words thatcould formmore than1,000sentences.Repeatedly givenquestions suchas Howare youtoday”or“Are youthirsty,the deviceenabledthe manto answerI amvery good”or“No,I amnot thirsty.The wordswere notvoiced,butwere turnedinto textonthe computer.In anopinion articlepublished withthe study,Harvard braindoctors Leigh Hochberg and SydneyCash calledthe worka pioneeringstudy.The twodoctors saidthe technology might one day helppeoplewith injuries,strokes ordiseases likeLou Gehrigs.People withsuch diseaseshave brainsthatprepare messagesfbr delivery,but thosemessages aretrapped Jthey wrote.
14.How isthenewmethod differentfromthecurrent onesA.It involvesa patientsbrainwaves.B,It canpickupa patientseyemovements.C.It isa verylimitedreplacementforspeech.D.It canhelp apatient regainhis speechability.
15.What doesthe underlinedword“differentiate”in paragraph4meanA.Organize.B.Learn.C.Distinguish.D.Speak.
16.What wasLeigh Hochbergand SydneyCashs attitudetowards the studyA.Positive.B.Negative.C.Doubtful.D.Critical.
17.Which ofthe followingisthebesttitle for the textA.Researchers FoundGood Methodsto HelpParalyzed PatientsB.Device Uses Brain Waves of Paralyzed Man to Help Him CommunicateC.Years ofAdditional WorkNeeded toImprove theCommunication MethodsD.Device UsesBrain Wavesof ParalyzedMan toCure HisSpeaking Disability
13.A
14.C
15.A
16.B【导语】本文是一篇说明文文章主要讲述研究人员利用瘫痪者的脑电波，将他的想法转化成语言并呈现到计算机上细节理解题根据第四段中的
14.“Using brainsignals towork arounddisabilities iscurrently ahotfield ofstudy.Changs teambuilt theirexperimentonearlierwork.The processuses brainwaves that（利用大脑信号解决残疾问题是目前研究的一个热点领域normally controlthe voicesystem.Chang的团队在早期工作的基础上进行了实验该过程使用通常控制语音系统的脑电波厂可知，新研究的方式主要是利用控制语音系统的脑波故选项A词句猜测题根据第四段中的
15.A computerobserved thepatterns whenhe attemptedto saycommonwordssuchas6water9orgood.Over time,thecomputerbecame ableto differentiatebetween（当他试图说出诸如水或好’之类的常用50wordsthatcould formmore than1,000sentences.词时，计算机观察到了这些模式随着时间的推移，计算机能够个单词，这些单differentiates词可以组成多个句子）”推知，计算机通过观察后，能够区分受试者“说”的个单词100050由此可知，划线词意应为“区分，分辨“，和同义故选项differentiate distinguishC推理判断题根据最后一段中的
16.“In anopinion articlepublished withthestudy,Harvard braindoctorsLeighHochbergandSydneyCash calledthe worka pioneeringstudy/The twodoctors saidthe飞.（在该研究technologymightonedayhelp peoplewith injuries,strokes ordiseases likeLou Gehrig发表的一篇评论文章中，哈佛脑科医生和称这项研究为“开创性研LeighHochberg SydneyCash究”这两位医生说，这项技术有一天可能会帮助那些受伤、中风或像卢・格里格这样的疾病的患者）以及上文可知，两位医生称这项工作是“开创性的研究”，并认为这项技术有一天可能会帮助受伤、中风或肌肉渐冻症等疾病的人，因此推断出他们对这项技术是支持的故选A项主旨大意题根据文章第一段
17.“Researchers saythey haveused brainwaves ofa paralyzedmanwho cannotspeak toproduce wordsfrom histhoughts ontoa computer.A teamled byDr.Edward Chang研究人员说，他们利用一attheUniversityofCalifornia,San Francisco,carried outthe experiment^名不能说话的瘫痪男子的脑电波将他的想法输入计算机旧金山加利福尼亚大学的张博士领导的一个团队进行了这项实验户以及后文可知，文章主要讲研究人员利用瘫痪者的脑电波来帮助患者进行交流项（设备B DeviceUsesBrainWavesofParalyzedMantoHelpHimCommunicate使用瘫痪男子的脑电波帮助他交流）适合做文章标题故选项B（•安徽•高三开学考试）（拖2022When peoplethink of farming today,they usuallypicture atractor拉机）ratherthanhorses inthe farmland.Thafs becausetractors thatrelied onengines revolutionizedfarminginthelate1800s.Now a new typeof tractorcandothe sameinthe21st century.Agriculture hasbeen changingdramatically inthe lastfew decades.The push for innovationis fedbythe needtoproduce larger amounts of food fora growing worldpopulation.Autonomous tractorsmaybe thekey tosolving thischallenge.They canbeused to carryout labor-intensive farmingwhile allowingfarmerstodoother work.A bigplus isthatitcan increasecrop outputwhile reducingcosts becausetheautonomous machinescan workin allweather conditionswithout anyrest.Part ofpushforautomation isa shortageoffarmworkers dueto peoplesdesire tohave higherpayingjobs withbetter workconditions.Farm ownersare competingagainst companieslike Amazonandrestaurants thatare raisingwages toattract workers.With laborshortages andthe increasein thehourly wages thathave tobe paidin ordertobecompetitive,all ofa suddenautomation seemslike amore reasonable decision/said David Swartz,a professorat PennState University.Many believethe timeis ripefor anautonomous revolutionbecause roboticsis alreadyin useinagriculture.One companythatisworking tobring autonomous tractors intomain streamfarming isBlueand WhiteRobotics,an Israeliagricultural technologycompany,whose missionis tomakeafullyautonomous farm.The companyreleased anautonomous tractorkit inFebruary2021that canbe fixedonany existing tractor.The kit includes cameradetection,speed controls,as wellas ananti-crash system.Blue and Whites kitis beingused byWest Coastgrowers inthe US.It maysoon cometoafarm nearyou.
18.What contributestotheagricultural revolutionaccordingtoParagraph2A.The urgeto feedmore people.B.The extremeweather conditions.C.The needto reducefarming cost.D.The desirefor automaticfarming.
19.What isSwartzs attitudeto automationA.Critical.B.Negative.C.Supportive.D.Indifferent.
20.What canbe inferredabout Blue and WhiteskitA.Tt hasbeen widelyused.B.It canbe madein manyfirms.C.It canimprove safetyof tractors.D.It willdetect thewayoffarming.
21.What maybea suitable titlefor thetextA.Automation IsTransforming AgricultureB.Big CompaniesAre MakingA DifferenceC.Driverless TractorsAre WorthInvesting D.Traditional FarmingIs FallingoutofDate
17.A
18.C
19.C
20.A【导语】本文是一篇说明文文章主要讲述自动化在农业中的应用，并改变了农业推理判断题根据文章第二段
17.Agriculture hasbeen changingdramatically inthe lastfew decades.The pushfor innovationis fedbytheneedtoproducelargeramountsoffoodforagrowingworld』在过去的几十年中，农业发生了巨大的变化为不断增长的世界人口生产更多粮食population的需求推动了创新户可推断，因为世界人口的增长，需要生产更多的粮食来养活更多的人，这促成了农业革命故选A推理判断题根据文章第三段
18.“With laborshortages andthe increaseinthe hourlywages that havetobe paidin ordertobecompetitive,all ofa suddenautomation seemslike amorereasonable decision/
9.（宾夕法尼亚州立大学教授said David Swartz,a professorat PennState UniversityDavid Swartz说，“随着劳动力短缺，以及为了保持竞争力而不得不支付的时薪上涨，突然之间，自动化似乎成了一个更合理的决定可知，认为自动化是合理的决定，所以推断David SwartzDavidSwartz支持自动化故选C推理判断题根据文章最后一段
19.“The companyreleased anautonomoustractorkitinFebruary2021that canbe fixedon anyexistingtractor.The kitincludes cameradetection,speed controls,as well.（该公司在年月发布了一款自动拖拉机套件，可以安装在任何现as ananti-crash system20212有的拖拉机上这套装备包括摄像头检测、速度控制以及防碰撞系统y可知，BlueandWhite飞包含侦测摄像头、速度控制以及防撞系统，由此推断飞能够提高拖拉机kit BlueandWhitekit的安全性故选C主旨大意题根据文章第二段
20.“Agriculture hasbeen changingdramatically inthe lastfew decades.（在过去的几十年中，农业发生了巨大的变化户及第三段”With laborshortages andthe increaseinthehourlywagesthathave tobe paidin ordertobecompetitive,all ofa suddenautomation seemslikea morereasonabledecision/9said DavidSwartz,a professorat PennState University.（宾夕法尼亚州立大学教授说，“随着劳动力短缺，以及为了保持竞争力而不得不支付的时薪上DavidSwartz涨，突然之间，自动化似乎成了一个更合理的决定可知，自动化正应用在农业中，并改变农业所以文章的标题应是（自动化正在改变农业广故选“Automation IsTransforming AgricultureAC.The reductionof costin designingdrones.D.Drones,reliable performancein remoteareas.
29.What does“maintenance underlinedinparagraph3refer toA.Personnel safety.B.Assistance fromdrones.C.Inspection and repair.D.Construction ofinfrastructure.
30.What functionis expectedoftherail dronesA.To provideearly warning.B.To maketrains runautomatically.C Toearn profitsforthecrews.D.To acceleratetransportation.
31.Which isthe mostsuitable titleforthetextA.What FaultsCan BeDetected withDronesB.How Productionof DronesCan BeExpandedC.What DifficultyDrone DevelopmentWill FaceD.How DronesWill Changethe Futureof Railways【答案解析】【答案】
28.B
29.C
30.A
31.D【解析】本文是一篇说明文应用今天的“空中之眼”的技术，无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠的同时又能帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元【题详解】28推理判断题根据文章第二段“Drones arealready beingusedtoexamine high-tension electricallines.They coulddo preciselythe samethingto inspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrail（无人机已经被用于infrastructure suchas thecorrect positionofrailwaytracks andswitchingpoints.检查高压电线他们完全可以做同样的事情来检查铁路线路和铁路基础设施的其他重要方面，如铁路轨道和换乘点的正确位置广可推知，无人机在高空工作的能力使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能故选B【题详解】29词义猜测题根据后文“It iscalculated thatEuropean railwaysalone spendapproximately20billioneuros ayearonmaintenance,including sendingmaintenance staff,often atnight,toinspectand repairthe（据统计，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为亿欧元，其中railinfrastructure.200包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施）”可知花在上的费用是用maintenance于（检查和维修铁路基础设方缶，由止匕可矢“inspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure“includeshuge是指大幅节省检修成本savingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety”和更好地保护铁路人员安全，划线词和项（检修）含义相近故选C InspectionandrepairC【题详解】30推理判断题根据文章最后一段“Very smalldrones withadvanced sensorsand AIand travellingaheadofthetraincouldguide itlike aco-pilot.With theirabilitytosee ahead,they couldsignal any（带有先进传感器和人工智能的非problem,so thatfast-moving trainswouldbeabletoreactintime.常小的无人机可以像副驾驶一样在火车前面行驶凭借他们的预见能力,他们可以发出任何问题的信号，以便快速行驶的火车能够及时做出反应厂可知对于无人机期待的功能是提前发现问题故选A题详解】[31主旨大意题根据文章主题段第一段（无人机）Can asmall groupof dronesguarantee thesafety andreliabilityof railwaysand,atthesametime,help railwayoperators savebillions ofeuros eachyear Thatisthe verylikely futureof applyingtodays eyes inthe sky“technology tomaking surethatthemillions（基石出设施）of kilometersofrailtracks andinfrastructure worldwideare safefor trainsona24/7basis.（一小群无人机能否在保证铁路安全可靠的同时、帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元这很可能是应用今天的“空中之眼”技术的未来，以确保全球数百万公里的铁路轨道和基础设施全天候安全运行户以及后文第二段讲到了使用无人机检查电力线路使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能;第三段讲到了使用无人机大幅节省维护成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全；第四段讲到了通过使用最新的技术，无人机还可以开始为铁路提供更高的价值，可知文章主要讲述了无人机将如何改变铁路的未来，所以项“无人机将如何改变铁路的未来”符合文章中心思想，适合D作为本文的最佳标题故选D【词汇积累】无人机drones保证guarantee可靠性；可信度reliability基础设施infrastructure高压的high-tension精确地precisely高效efficient大约approximately维护；保养maintenance自治地；独立自主地autonomously【长难句析】
1.That istheverylikelyfutureof applyingtoday9s“eyesinthesky”technology tomaking surethat themillionsofkilometresofrailtracksandinfrastructureworldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.【分析】本句含有一个引导的宾语从句；固定短语,意为应用于that apply....to sth/doing sth【翻译】这很有可能是应用今天的“空中之眼”技术来确保全球数百万公里的铁路轨道和基础设施（基础设施）全天候安全运行的未来
2.The moreregularly theycanbeinspected,the morerailwaysafety,reliability andon-timeperformance willbeimproved.【分析】本句含有一个句型,意为越..…越The more.....,the more..…【翻译】越定期检查，铁路的安全性、可靠性和准点率就越高（年新高考卷之篇）2022II C主题语境核心词汇语篇类型文章词数科学技术事例阐述290TextalyzerOver thelast sevenyears,most stateshave bannedtexting by drivers,and publicservice campaignshavetried a wide range of methodsto persuadepeople toput downtheir phoneswhen theyare behindthewheel.Yet theproblem,by just about any measure,appears tobe gettingworse.Americans arestill textingwhiledriving,as wellas usingsocial networksand takingphotos.Road accidents,which hadfallen foryears,arenowrising sharply.That ispartly becausepeople are driving more,but MarkRosekind,the chiefoftheNational（分心）Highway TrafficSafety Administration,said distracted driving wasonly increasing,unfortunately.nBig changerequires bigideas.nhe said ina speechlast month,referring broadlytotheneed toimproveroad safety.So totry tochange adistinctly modernbehavior,lawmakers and public healthexpertsare reachingback toan oldapproach:They wantto treatdistracteddrivinglike drunkdriving.An ideafrom lawmakersinNew York isto givepolice officersanewdevice calledthe Textalyzer.It wouldwork likethis:An officerarriving atthe sceneofacrash couldask forthe phonesofthedriversand usethe Textalyzertocheckintheoperating systemfor recentactivity.The technologycoulddetermine whether a driver had just texted,emailed ordone anything else thatis notallowed under NewYorks hands-free driving laws.nWe needsomething onthe booksthat canchange peoplesbehavior,said FelixW.Ortiz,whopushed forthe states2001ban onhand-held devicesbydrivers.If the Textalyzer billbecomes law,hesaid,npeople aregoing tobe moreafraid toput theirhands onthe cellphone.n
8.Which ofthe followingbestdescribes theban ondrivers textingintheUSA.Ineffective.B.Unnecessary.C.Inconsistent.D.Unfair.
9.What cantheTextalyzerhelp apolice officerfind outA.Where a driver camefrom.B.Whether adriver usedtheir phone.C.How fastadriverwas going.D.When adriver arrivedatthescene.
10.What doesthe underlinedword something*inthelastparagraphrefer toA.Advice.B.Data.C.Tests.D.Laws.
11.What isasuitabletitleforthetextA.To Driveor Notto DriveThink BeforeYou StartB.Texting and Driving Watch Out forthe TextalyzerC.New YorkBanning Hand-Held Devicesby Drivers.D.The NextGeneration CellPhone:The Textalyzer-【答案解析】【答案】
8.A
9.B
10.D
11.B【解析】本文一篇说明文为解决司机在开车时使用手机造成“分神”，引发交通事故的问题，纽约的一名立法者提出使用（短信监控器）的技术来监控司机在开车的时候是否使Textalyzer用了手机【题详解】8推理判断题根据第一段中“Over thelast sevenyears,most stateshave bannedtexting bydrivers,andpublic servicecampaigns havetried awide rangeof methodsto persuadepeople toput downtheir phones（在过去的七年里，大多数州都禁止司机发短信，公共服务活when theyare behindthe wheel.动也尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机）以及第二段中“Yet theproblem,by（然而，无论以何种标准衡量，这个问题似justaboutanymeasure,appears tobe gettingworse.乎都在恶化）可知，大多数州使用了各种各样的方法说服司机们在开车的时候放下手机，可是情况却越来越糟糕所以各种方法是无效的选项意为“无效的与此相符A ineffective故选A【题详解】9细节理解题根据倒数第二段中“The technologycould determinewhetheradriver hadjust texted,（这项技emailed ordone anythingelse thatis notallowed underNew Yorks hands-free drivinglaws.术可以确定司机是否发了短信、发了邮件，或者做了纽约免提驾驶法不允许的其他事情）可知，能够确定的是司机是否使用了手机发短信、邮件以及其他驾驶法不允许的行为Textalyzer选项意为“是否司机使用了手机”与此相符，故选B B【题详解】10词义猜测题根据句中的（我们We needsomething onthe booksthat canchange peoplesbehavior.需要一些能改变人们行为的东西，）可知，是能够改变人们的行为的事情something根据下文的“If theTextalyzer billbecomes law,hesaid,people aregoing tobemoreafraid toput their（他说，如果法案成为法律，“人们会更害怕拿起手机）hands onthe cellphone.Textalyzer可知，人们的行为会改变的条件是当法案成为法律收到法律的约束和惩罚，司机Textalyzer们才不会在开车的时候使用手机故指代的是法律故选something D【题详解】11主旨大意题纵观全文，第一段和第二段阐述的是“虽然大多数州已经尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机可是问题却越来越严重:第三段中“Thatispartly becausepeople（部分原因是开车的人越来越多）可知，解释了该行为产生的部分原因第四aredrivingmore.段至第五段讲述的是为了解决该问题是纽约立法者提出了一个新的想法即利用技术，来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机最后一段讲述的是相关人士呼吁Textalyzer该项技术能够成为真正的法案由此才能真正的改变人们的行为故选项B TextingandDriving（发短信还是在开车？防范短信监控器）适合文章的标题故选WatchOutfortheTextalyzerB【词汇积累】运动；战役分心明显地campaign distracteddistinctly【长难句析】
1.Over thelast sevenyears,most stateshave bannedtexting bydrivers,andpublicservice campaignshavetried awide rangeof methodsto persuadepeople toput downtheir phoneswhen theyare behindthewheel.【分析】本句含有一个时间状语从句；为固定短when theyare behindthe wheelawiderangeof语，意为一系列的，许多的，大范围的【翻译】在过去的七年里，大多数州都禁止司机发短信，公共服务活动也尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机
2.The technologycould determinewhetheradriverhadjusttexted,emailed ordone anythingelse thatisnot allowed underNewYorks hands-free drivinglaws.【分析】本句含有一个引导的宾语从句，iwhether thatis notallowedunderNewYork*shands-free为定语从句，先行词为drivinglaws.anythingelse【翻译】这项技术可以确定司机是否发了短信、发了邮件，或者做了纽约免提驾驶法不允许的其他事情（年新高考卷之篇）2022II B主题语境语篇类型文章词数核心词汇学习感悟事例阐述348bookWe journalistslive inanewageofstorytelling,with manynew multimediatools.Many youngpeople dont even realize its new.For them,its justnormal.This hit home for me as I wassitting withmy2-year-old grandsononasofa overthe SpringFestival一holiday.I hadbroughtachildrens bookto read.It hadsimple wordsand colorful pictures aperfectmatch forhis age.Picture this:my grandsonsitting onmy lapas Ihold thebook in front sohe cansee thepictures.As（戳）I read,he reachesout andpokes thepage withhis finger.Whats upwith thatHe justlikes thepictures,I thought.Then Iturned thepage andcontinued.Hepoked thepage evenharder.I nearlydropped thebook.I wasconfused:Is theresomething wrongwiththis kidThenI realizedwhat washappening.He wasactually astranger tobooks.His father frequentlyamused the boy witha tablet computer which was loaded with colorfulpictures thatcome alivewhen youpoke them.He thought my storybook was like that.Sorry,kid.This bookis notpart ofyour high-tech world.Its anoutdated,lifeless thing.An antique,like yourgrandfather.Well,I maybe old,but Imnot hopelesslychallenged,digitally speaking.I editvideo and produce audio.I usemobile payment.Tve evenbuilt websites.Theres onenotable gapin mynew-media experience,however:Ive spent little time in front of acamera,since Ihaveaface madefor radio.But thatdidnt stopChina Dailyfrom askingme lastweek tosharea personalstory fora videoproject about the integrationof Beijing,Tianjin andHebei province.Anyway,grandpa isnowaninternet star—two minutesof fame!I promisenot tolet itgo tomyhead.But Iwill makesure my2-year-old grandsonsees iton histablet.A.Provided shelterforme.B.Became veryclear tome.C.Took thepressure offme.D.Worked quitewell onme.
5.Why didthe kidpokethestorybookA.He tookit fora tabletcomputer.B.He dislikedthe colorfulpictures.C.He wasangry withhis grandpa.D.He wantedto readit byhimself.
6.What doesthe authorthink ofhimself
4.What dothe underlinedwords“hithomefbr me^^mean inparagraph2A.Socially ambitious.B.Physically attractive.C.Financially independent.D.Digitally competent.
7.What canwe learnabouttheauthor asa journalistA.He lacksexperience inhis job.B.He seldomappears ontelevision.C.He managesa videodepartment.D.He ofteninterviews internetstars.【答案解析】【答案】
4.B
5.A
6.D
7.B【解析】这是一篇记叙文文章主要讲述了作者曾经是一名记者，在春节期间，作者给孙子拿了一本儿童读物，孙子却以为是平板电脑，不停地戳书【题详解】4词句猜测题根据第一段We journalistsliveinanewageofstorytelling,with manynew multimediatools.”以及画线词后文Many youngpeopledontevenrealizeitsnew.For them,its justnormal.“asIwas」可知，作者是记者，生活sitting withmy2-year-old grandsononasofa overthe SpringFestival holiday在一个讲故事的新时代，有许多新的多媒体工具许多年轻人甚至没有意识到它是新的对他们来说，这很正常而这在春节假期，作者和两岁的孙子坐在沙发上，尤其清楚认识到了这一点故画线词意思是“我很清楚:故选B【题详解】5细节理解题根据第五段中“He wasactually astranger tobooks.His fatherfrequently amused the boywitha tabletcomputer whichwas loadedwith colorfulpictures thatcome alivewhen youpoke them.He.（事实上，他对书本并不熟悉他的父亲经常用一台装有彩色图thoughtmystorybookwaslikethat片的平板电脑逗他开心，当你戳它们的时候，这些图片就会变得栩栩如生他认为我的故事书就是那样的广可知，那孩子戳故事书是因为他把它当成了平板电脑故选Ao【题详解】6细节理解题根据倒数第三段中“Well,I maybe old,but Tmnot hopelesslychallenged,digitally speaking.（我可能老了，但从数字I editvideoandproduceaudio.I usemobile payment.Tve evenbuilt websites.角度来说，我还没有毫无希望的挑战我编辑视频，制作音频我用移动支付我甚至建立了网站户可知，作者认为自己懂数码技术故选D【题详解】7细节理解题根据侄数第二段中为ij“There onenotable gapin mynew-media experience,however:Ive（然而，在我的新媒体体验中spentlittle timeinfrontofa camera,since Ihaveaface madefbr radio.有一个明显的差距我很少在镜头前呆着，因为我的脸是为电台而生的）”可知，作者作为记者他很少上电视故选B【词汇积累】伸出.戳装载着,古老的，古董的数reach outvt.poke vbe loadedwith antiqueadj digitallyadv.位结合，融合integration n.【长难句析】
1.His fatherfrequently amusedtheboy witha tabletcomputerwhichwasloadedwithcolorfulpicturesthatcome alivewhen youpoke them.【分析】本句含有一个和引导的定语从句，先行词分别为和which thatatabletcomputer colorful引导的是时间状语从句，整个句子的主句为pictures,when Hisfatherfrequentlyamusedtheboywithatablet computero【翻译】他的父亲经常用一台装有彩色图片的平板电脑逗他开心，当你戳它们的时候，这些图片就会变得栩栩如生
2.Theres onenotable gapin mynew-media experience,however:Tve spentlittletimeinfrontofacamera,since Ihaveaface madefor radio.【分析】本句是一个复合句，含有一个引导的时间状语从句，整个句子是句型；since Therebe为副词，表转折however【翻译】然而，在我的新媒体体验中有一个明显的差距:我很少在镜头前呆着，因为我的脸是为电台而生的（年浙江卷月篇）20221B核心词汇主题语境语篇类型文章词数时代发展事例阐述323technologyThe UnitedStates roseto globalpower onthe strengthof itstechnology,andthelifeblood thattechnologyhas longbeen electricity.By providinglong-distance communicationand energy,。
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