还剩13页未读，继续阅读
本资源只提供10页预览，全部文档请下载后查看！喜欢就下载吧，查找使用更方便
文本内容:
Section IReadingandThinking
（1）阅读理解A（2021年•全国乙卷）You veheardthatplasticispollutingtheoceans一buildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticprod ucts.Atthebeginningoftheyear,theartistbuiltapiececalledu Strawpocalypse,,,apairof10-foot-tallplasticwaves,frozenmid-crash.Madeof168,00Oplasticstrawscollectedfromseveralvolunteerbeachcleanups,thesculpturemadeitsfirstappearanceattheEstellaPlaceshoppingcentreinlloChiMinhCity,Vietnam.Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestsou rce（来ilM）ofplasticpollution,butthey verecentlycomeunderfirebecausemostpeopledon,s partofVonWong,sartworklikelycamefromadrinkthatsomeoneusedforonlyafewminutes.Oncethedrinkisgone,thestrawwilltakecenturiestodisappear.Inapiecefrom2018,VonWongwantedtoi1lustrate（说01）aspecificstatistic:Every60seconds,atruckload,sworthofplasticenterstheocean.Forthiswork,titled^TruckloadofPlasticv,VonWongandagroupofvolunteerscollectedmorethan10,OOOpiece sofplastic,whichwerethentiedtogethertolooklikethey dbeendumped（倾彳到）fromatruckallatonce.VonWonghopesthathisworkwillalsohelppressurebigcompaniestoreducetheirplastic footprint.sartworksintendedforA.Beautifyingthecityhelivesin.B.Introducingeco-friendlyproducts.blicattentiontoplasticwaste.on.Thenumberoffemalebabiesincreaseswhennestsaremadeinwarmersands.ArecentstudybytheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration,TheCaliforniaStateUniversityandWorldWildlifeFundforNatureAustraliaexaminedtwogeneticallydistinctpopulationsofgreenseaturtloupofabout200,OOOturtleslivinginthenorthernpartofthereefwasalmostentirelyfemale.ofadults.Aftercombiningtheirresultswithtemperaturedata,theseientistsinchargeofthestudyfoundthatthenortherngreenturtleshavebeenproducingmainlyfemalesformorethantwodecadesandthatthecompletefeminization（化）ofthispopulationispossibleinthenearfuture.Thetemperatureatwhichtheturtleswillproducemaleorfemalebabiescanbepassedontotheturtles,children.Mostseaturtlepopulationsarenowproducingoffspringabovethemostsuitabletemperature,making!tclearthatclimatechangecausesaseriousthreattothesurvivalofthesepopulations.ThechiefexecutiveofWorldWildlifeFundAustralia,DermotO Gorman,saidthisisanothersignoftheimpactofclimatechange,followingrecentresearchthatshowsthatcoralbleaching（珊壬胡白化）event sareoccurringfarmorefrequentlythaninthepast.“We vehadtwoyearswherewevehadmassbleachingeventsontheGreatBarrierReef,hetoldGuardianAustralia.“Thattseetheimpactit,shavingonaturtlepopulationuntilastudylikethisshowssomelong-termtrends.”Theleadauthorofthepaper,DrMichaelJensen,saidthefindingsrepresentamajorenvironmentalconservationissue.O Gormansaidmoreurgentactiononclimatechangeisclearlyneeded,addingthatsomeconservationistshavealreadytakenpracticalmeasures,suchasusingshadeclothonturtlenestingbeachestolowerthesandtemperature,andreducingbycatch（误捕）inthefishingindustry.^Shadeclothcanbeusedincertainplaces,butthere salimittothescaleyoucandothat,“hesaid.uNoweverylargemalewhocanreproduceisgoingtobeevenmoreimportant.”sgreenseaturtlesA.About65to69percentofnorthernturtlesarefemale.B.
86.8percentofsouthernturtleshavegrownuptoadults.C.Thefeminizationofgreenseaturtlescouldbecomeworse.D.AduItgreenseaturtlescanchangetheirsexinwarmerplaces.解析:细节理解题由第四段可知,北部的绿海龟在近年的时间里孵化的后代一直以雌性为主，20而且，在不久的将来，这个种群可能会完全雌性化说明雌性化现象会更为糟糕故选Co答案:CGormanmentioncoralb1eachingA.Tosuggestthatclimatechangeposesmoreriskstocoralthanturtles.B.Tocomparethelivingenvironmentsofturtlesandcoral,climatechange.D.Tostressthisdiscoveryaboutgreenseaturtlesisveryvaluable.解析:推理判断题由第七段可知,珊瑚白化是看得见的气候变化的影响,而绿海龟性别的雌性化却不是那么明显可见,直到做了这项研究才注意到气候变化对它们的影响用珊瑚白化来凸显对海龟的这一发现的重要性故选D答案:Dactionnestscool.B.Tostopthei1legalfishingofgreenseaturtles.nestingplaces.D.Tobuildspecialnestsforturtlestoproduceoffspring.解析细节理解题由倒数第二段中“such asusing shadecloth onturtle nestingbeaches tolowerthe sandtemperature^可知，生态环境保护者们正采取措施给海龟巢降温故选Ao答案:A
7.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext解析:标题归纳题整篇文章讲述了龟巢的温度较高使得生活在澳大利亚大堡礁附近的绿海龟雌性化,并且这种变化不像珊瑚白化那样直接可见故选B答案:BV.完形填空L mightdamagethebeautyoftheplace.Theglaciersaredisappearing,changingthe2ofKi1imanjaro.Hearingthesestories,I m3abouttheplace一otherdestinationsaredescribedaspurernaturalexperiences.However,Isoon4thatmuchhaschangedsincethedaysofdisturbingreportsof5amongtonsofrubbish.Ifindacleanmountain,withtoiletsat6buttheeffortsmadebytheTanzaniaNationalParkAuthorityseemtobe
7.ThebestofaKilimanjaroexperience,inmyopinion,isn89isespecial1yevidentonKilimanjaroasclimbersgothroughfiveecosysterns（生态系统）inthespaceofafewkilometres.Atthebaseisarainforest.Itendsabruptlyat3,OOOmetres,101andsof1owgrowingp1ants.Furtherup,theweather11一12twelveshadesofgreenfromwherelstand.Above4,OOOmetresisthehighland13:gravel14snowandtheglaciersthatmaysoondisappear.DoesKilimanjaro15itsreputationasacrowdedmountainwithlinesoftouristsruiningtheatmosphereofpeace1foundtheoppositetobetrue.解析人群可能会破坏这个地方的美story故事;building建筑物;crowd人群;reporter记者由40,000people可知，这是一个庞大的人群故选C答案:C解析:冰川正在消失，改变着乞力马扎罗山的地貌position位置;age年龄;face外貌;name名字冰川是乞力马扎罗山的地貌之一，所以冰山融化会改变它的地貌故选C答案:C解析听到这些故事，“我”对这个地方产生了怀疑一一其他旅游地被描述为“更纯粹的”自然体验由下文可知，作者亲自来到了乞力马扎罗山，想解开这个疑惑silent沉默的；skeptical怀疑的；serious严肃的；crazy疯狂的be skepticalabout”对怀疑”符合句意故选B答案:B解析:然而，“我”很快发现，自从关于营地周围有成吨的垃圾的那些令人不安的报道出现以来，情况发生了很大的变化discover发现;argue争论；decide决定；advocate提倡由“much haschanged”可知，作者发现了很大的变化故选A答案:A解析equipment设备；grass草地；camp营地；stone石头由下文“with toiletsat camps可知，此处应填camps故选C答案:C解析:环境挑战是巨大的，但坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报根据前文可知，很多登山者来到乞力马扎罗山以及冰川可能会消失，这对于环境来说是一个巨大的挑战new新的；special特殊的；significant相当大的；necessary必要的故选C答案:C解析:pay off还清,得到回报;spread out伸展;blow up爆炸;fade away逐渐消退由“but”可知,前后表示转折关系,说明坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报故选Ao答案:A解析山被许多文化视为精神之地study学习jobserve观察;explore探索；regard认为be regardedas被视为”，符合句意故选D答案:D解析这里特指上句提到的“山被视为精神之地”这一观点view观点；quality质量；reason原因；purpose目的故选A答案:A解析:热带雨林在海拔3000米处突然到了尽头,让位于大片的低矮植物hold onto抓住;goback to回到；live upto履行;give wayto向让步故选D答案:D解析:再往上走，天气变了一一低云笼罩着被厚厚的草地覆盖的山腰由low clouds可知,生态系统不同，天气也是不同的，是变化的change改变;clear放晴；improve提高;permit允许故选A答案:A解析“我”从站的地方数出了12种绿色match匹配；imagine想象;count数;add增力口由utwelve shadesof green可知，作者数出了12种绿色故选C答案:c解析:海拔4000米以上是高山荒漠:砾石、石头和岩石village村庄;desert荒漠;road公路；lake湖泊由ugravel,stones androcks”可知，海拔4000米以上是高山荒漠故选Bo答案:B解析由“arctic-Like zone可知，这是一个类似北极的地带，所以有永久的积雪permanent永久的;little小的;fresh新鲜的;artificial人造的故选A答案:A解析:乞力马扎罗山是一座拥挤的山，挤满了游客,破坏了宁静的气氛,它应得这样的名声吗这里作者在质疑乞力马扎罗山是不是应该被称为一座挤满了破坏宁静氛围的游客的拥挤的山峰以此为后面的回答做好铺垫enjoy享受;deserve应得；save挽救;acquire获得故选Bo答案:BD.Reducinggarbageonthebeach.解析:细节理解题根据文章第一段最后一句可知,Benjamin想通过自己的作品来引起人们对塑料污染的关注故选C答案:C
2.Whydoestheauthordiscussplasticstrawsinparagraph3A.Toshowthedifficultyoftheirrecycling.B.Toexplainwhytheyareuseful.viewsonmodernart.D.Tofindasubstituteforthem.解析:推理判断题根据第三段第一句可知,全球仅有9%的塑料垃圾可以回收利用，塑料垃圾回收难度大,而对塑料吸管的介绍更加说明了这一点故选A答案:AuTruckloadofPlastic,haveonviewersA.Calming.B.Disturbing.C.Refreshing.D.Challenging.解析:推理判断题根据第四段最后一句可知，Truckload ofPlastic让观众感觉这些垃圾会从一辆卡车上一次性倾倒下来，再结合第一段尾句和最后一段可推知，这件作品会引起观众的不安，从而让他们关注塑料污染故选B答案:B
4.WhichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetextOpinionsonPlasticSafety解析标题归纳题文章主要讲述加拿大摄影师Benjamin通过自己的塑料艺术品让人们意识到塑料给海洋带来的污染,故选Do答案:DBaskaandinHudsonBay.PolarbearsoffAlaskanormallyhuntandraisetheiryoungonicesheetsthatfloatontheocean.Butastheicehasmelted,thepolarbearshavebeenforcedtospendmoretimeonland.Ther e,theyhavebeguntofrequentbeaches,feedingontheremainsofwhalescaughtbynativehunte rs.Forpolarbears,thisfoodislessnutritiousthansealsthattheynormallycatchoniceshe ets.Theshrinking（减少）icehasalsoforcedmorepolarbearsintotheocean.Inthepast,theyonlyhadtoswimshortdistancesbetweenicesheets.Butastheicehasshrunk,polarbearshavebeenforcedtoswimlongerandlongerdistancesintheopenocean.Thisposesaseveredangerduringroughweather,andanincreasingnumberofdrownedpolarbearshavebeenobserved.InlludsonBay,theicebreaksupthreeweeksearlierinthespringnowthanitdid20yearsag o.PolarbearsinHudsonBayfast（禁食）duringthesummer,waitnlearntosurvivetheseclimatechanges,thesegiantsoftheicema yonedaydisappear.
5.WhatisArcticicedoingearliereachyear sfreezing.shardening.smelting.sexpanding.解析细节理解题根据第一段第一句中的uArctic iceis breakingup earlierin thespring可知I,北极冰川每年春天较早时候就在融化故选C答案:C
6.WhatisTRUEofpolarbearsthatarespendingmoretimeonlandinAlaskaA.Theiryoungaredying.B.Theirdietischanging.C.Theirhealthisimproving.D.Theirfamiliesaregrowing.解析:细节理解题根据第二段可知,北极熊正常情况下主要吃在冰原上捕捉到的海豹，但现在由于冰的减少，它们只能以当地猎人捕捉的鲸鱼的残留物为食了故选B答案:B
7.WhatdoestheauthorimplyaboutfemalepolarbearsinHudsonBayA.Theyarehavingfeweryoungnow.B.Theysufferfromvarioussicknesses.tneedstrongerprotection.tfindenoughgoodmales.解析:细节理解题从最后一段倒数第二句可知北极熊的出生率已经下降了15%故选A答案:A
8.WhereisthetextmostlikelyfromA.MedicalNews.B.SocietyToday.C.WiIdlifejournal.D.DesignMagazine.解析:推理判断题通读全文可以发现，文章叙述的是全球气候的变化给北极熊带来的负面影响，而北极熊属于野生动物，所以推断这篇文章最有可能摘自《野生动物杂志》故选C答案:CCReforestationfferalotofbenefitswhentherecreationissuccessful.
9.Thisincludescollectingseedlings幼苗.Theimportanceofhavingmultipiespeciesoftreesisconsideredtomakesurethattheneedsofotherspeciesthatwillliveandgrowintheareaaremet.Destroyingaforestiseasybutrebuildingitisreallyhard.
11.tcovereacho therwhiletheygrow.
12.,Itisthereforareasonjustlikeeveryoneelseonthisplanet.Therecannotbeabetterwaytorestorethebalanceofnaturethantoincreasetheforestar ea.Wemustrememberthattheforestisanaturalhabitatforawidevarietyofanimalsandplant s.Inthismanner,thereisnosubstituteforreforestation.A.Andglobalwarmingwillspeedupthedestructionofforests.can tjustplanttheseedlingsanywhere.tworkuntilallthesedetailshavebeenconsidered.D.Soagoodplanisneededtomakethereforestationasuccessfulone.E.Theforestaisoprotectsusfromtyphoonsandothernaturaldisasters.mestothistypeofeffort.G.Itisimportanttomakesurethattheyaresuitedtotheclimateandthetypeofsoil.
9.解析空格处为本段的主题句根据下文“This includescollecting seedlingsSomeadditional treeswhich arenot nativein thearea alsoneed to be planted.”可知,本段主要讲的是针对重新植树造林需要做的一些事情项可概括本段大意,故选答案:FF Fo
10.解析:根据上下文可知此处所填内容应与种植非天然生长于此的植物有关G项中谈到与气候和土壤相适应，与此相关故选G答案:G
11.解析根据下文“The plan must include accurate spacing between plants.可知上文提到plan,故选答案:DDo
12.角星析:木艮据上文“The planmustincludeaccuratespacingbetweenplants.Thi si stoensure thatthey wont covereach otherwhile theygrow.”可矢口，要记住，不能随意将幼苗种在任何地方故选B答案:B
13.解析根据上文“The forestgreatly helpswith thereduction ofair pollution.可知,本段主要讲重新植树造林的重要性,故选Eo答案:EReadingandThinking2［基础测评］I.单句语法填空trend.starvebecauseoftheplagueoflocusts蝗灾.releasethedriverfromthewreckage残骸.
4.restrict ontradewerelifted.acureforthatnewdiseasewillbefound.
6.sustaindevelopmentisthecommontargetofhumanbeings.frequentusesunflowersassymbolsofstrength.broadcastallovertheworldyesterday.seizetheinitiativeoneducation.ecologyoncesaid:ManiivesonEarthasaguestofgreenplants.答案:1・trends
2.starvation
3.release
4.Restrictions
5.that
6.Sustainable
7.frequently
8.was broadcast/broadcast
9.to seize
10.ecologistII.用适当的介词填空
1.2018•全国卷III Infact,traditionalsorefersthethingsthathavebeendevelopingandthatarestillbeingcreated.theair,makingthemflyingwithwind.thedeathoftensofthousandsofpeople.studies,pricesareaffectedbysupplyanddemand.
5.2018•北京Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswhohadbeentrapped themountainsfortwodays.答案:1・to
2.into
3.in
4.to
5.inIII.语法填空Thereislittledoubtl.Earthisgettingwarmerandwarmer.In2013,scientistsfoundadeadbody
2.apolarbear,whichappeared
3.larmingcaseshowedhowtheincreaseintemperaturehad
4.impactonEarth,secology.Aclimateprocess
5.callthe“greenhouseeffect”keepsEarthwarmandhabi tab1e.
6.,i tcanalsocauseEarth.warn thatifwedon ttakeaction,thiswarmingtrendwi1Icontinueandtherewi1lbea
8..seizeeveryopportunitytoreducegreenhousegaslO.emission.答案:1・that
2.of
3.to havestarved
4.an
5.called
6.However
7.have warned
8.higher
9.should seize
10.emissions［提升测评］W.阅读理解ATheAntarctic,ssnow-whiteenvironmentisgoinggreenandfacingotherunexpectedthr eats.Scientistssaythatastemperaturesgoupinthepolarareas,invading入侵plantsandinsects,includingtheflies,causeamajorthreat.Moreandmoreoftheseinvaders,intheformoflarvae（幼虫）orseeds,aresurvivingincoastalareasaroundtheSouthPole,wherethetemperaturehasrisenbyalmost3℃overthepastfivedecades.Glaciershavemelted,exposingmorelandwhichhasbeenoccupiedbymossesthathavebeenfoundtobegrowingniorequicklyandthicklythaneverbefore—providingpotentialgreenhomesforinvaders.^ThecommonhousefliesareaperfectexampleoftheproblemtheAntarcticnowfacesfrominvadingspecies,v saidDominicHodgsonoftheBritishAntarcticSurvey.survivingintheAntarcticasitwarmsup,andthatisaworry.Insectslikethehousefliescarrybacteriathatcouldhaveadeadlyeffectonnativelifeforms.TheAntarctichasseveralnativespeciesofinsects.Togetherwithitsnativemosses,thesearenowunderincreasedthreatfromthreemajorsources:visitingscientists,increasingnumberoftouristsandglobalwarming.However,itisglobalwarmingthatisthemaindrivero fthe“greening”oftheAntarctic.Inthe2015-2016travelseason,morethan38,OOOtouristsvisitedtheAntarctic.^Thesetouristsareoftenverycarefulaboutnotleavingwaste.ButtheycouldcarryseedsorlarvaeontheirbootswhentheysetfootontheAntarctic,“saidDominic.MoreandmoreinvadinginsectsandplantshavebeenfoundontheAntarcticandhaverequir edremoval.uTheinsectsandplantsthatarenativetotheAntarctichavesurvivedthereforthousandsofyears,“saidDominic.aWehavetoactnowifwewanttosavetheenvironment.”A.Houseflies.B.Coastalareas.mosses”inparagraph3meanC.Akindofplants.D.Akindofanimals.解析:词义猜测题根据第三段中的^Glaciers havemelted,exposing moreland whichhas beenoccupiedby mossesthat havebeen foundtobegrowing morequickly andthickly thaneverbefore—providing potentialgreen homesfor invaders.v可矢口，画线词指的是一种植物,故选C答案:C
2.WhatdoweknowaboutthehousefliesintheAntarcticic.B.Theywilldieoutbecauseofthefreezingweather.C.TheycometotheAntarcticfromnearbyislandsontheirown.D.TheycouldseverelyinfluencethenativespeciesoftheAntarctic.解析:细节理解题根据第四段最后一句可知，南极地区的家蝇所携带的细菌会严重影响当地的物种故选D答案:DgreenA.Thearrivalofscientists.B.Theincreasingnumberofvisitors.C.Therapidspreadofnativeplants.D.Therisingtemperaturearoundtheworld.解析:细节理解题根据第五段最后一句可知，南极地区变绿的主要原因是全球气候变暖故选Do答案:DBSeaturtlesareoneofseveralspeciesthathavetemperature-dependentsexdeterminati。
个人认证
优秀文档
获得点赞 0
