高中英语Unit14CareersSectionⅣLanguagePoints（Ⅱ）（Lesson2Lesson3）讲义北师大版必修

Section IVLanguage Points（II）（Lesson2Lesson3）语言基础O自illYUYAbJIICHUZICE匚高频词返必会5口I.单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词

1.He didntwait for an instant（片亥U，——会儿）,and leftimmediately.

2.He hascommitted（j^A）himself to the courseof thereform.

3.He didnot hesitate（犹豫）about takingthe mostdifficult task.

4.The goodteacher impartswisdom（智慧）to hispupils.

5.Children beginto learnbasic moral（道德）in thekindergarten.

6.After sheovercame hershyness,she becamevery outgoing.

7.You mustgrasp thisopportunity to make yourselfstand out.

8.The soldier，s bravedeeds broughthim honorand glory.

9.The buildingis regularlyinspected bythe fire-safety officer.

10.The surrouediugvillages havebeen absorbedby/into thegrowing city.H.拓展词汇根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词

1.legal adj.合法的f illegal.不合法的；违法的

2.constant adj.不断的f constantlyadv,不断地

3.appoint v.任命；委派；指定；约定f appointmentn.见面，约会

4.hesitatev.犹豫f hesitationn.犹豫

5.commit〃,投入f commitmentn.承诺；信奉；献身；委任

6.base vt.以作基础f basisn.基础，根据

111.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语

1.make up编造

2.write/take/note/putdown写下,t己下

3.turn up出现，现身

4.appoint sb.as/to besth.任命某人为

5.be surroundedwith/by sth.被包围

6.turn over翻转

7.get over克服

二、代词的变化

1.人称代词的变化1当主句的主语是第一人称时，引语中的人称代词不变I said,“You didquite well in the exam yesterday.7said that you haddone quitewellin theexamthe daybefore.我说你那天考得不错2直接引语中主语是第一人称时，在改为间接引语时，其人称与主句中的主语的人称一致He said to Tom,I11do mybest tocatch upwith others.”f He told Tom that hewoulddo hisbest tocatch upwith others.他告诉汤姆他将尽他所能赶上其他人3直接引语中主语是第二人称时，在改为间接引语时，其人称和主句的宾语相一致Hesaid to her,Where didyou put the glasses”fHe askedher whereshe hadputtheglasses.他问她，她把杯子放哪儿了提示如果主句中无宾语，应根据语境或想象，自添适当的宾语；如果直接引语中有呼语，则将其改为间接引语的宾语Mother asked,Where haveyou been”fMother asked me whereI hadbeen.母亲问我去哪儿了“Why areyou lateagain,John”the teacherasked.fThe teacherasked Johnwhy he was lateagain.老师问约翰为什么他又迟到4直接引语中主语是第三人称时，在改为间接引语时不发生变化He said to Tom,“She canhelp them.”—He toldTomthat she couldhelp them.他告诉汤姆她能够帮助他们

2.物主代词的变化“You shouldnot overlookyour fault”,Mum saidto me.fMum told me that I shouldnot overlookmy fault.妈妈对我说我不应该忽略自己的缺点The twoboys said,“We havelost ourdog.”fThe twoboys saidthey hadlost theirdog.这两个男孩说他们的狗丢了

3.指示代词的变化直接引语中的指示代词this；these间接引语中的指示代词that；thoseShe said,“This isthe housein whichLu Xunonce lived.”f She said thatthat wasthe housein whichLu Xunhad oncelived.她说那是鲁迅曾经住过的房子“I boughtthese flowersfor you”,Jane said.fJane said that she had boughtthose flowersfor me.简说她买了那些花送给我[即时演练2]将直接引语变为间接引语

①He said,“I amvery busy.”f He said that he wasvery busy.

②He said,“Can youfinish yourwork on time”Tie saidto me if I could finishmy workontime.

③She said,“He wantsto go shopping alone.”fShe said that hewanted to goshoppingalone.

三、状语的变化

4.时间状语的变化He said,“I spoketo themyesterday.”fHe said that he had spokento themthe daybefore.他说他前一天跟他们讲过话了The studentsaid,“We havelearned about3,000English wordsso far.”—「he studentsaid that they hadlearned about3,000English wordsby then.那学生说到那时为止他们已学会了3000个英语单词

5.地点状语的变化当直接引语变间接引语时，地点状语here通常变为there但如果说话人所在地点就是引述人所在地点，那么仍然使用hereuCome here,please,“hesaid.Tie askedme tocome here.他叫我到这里来（引述人地点不变）Tie askedme togo there.他叫我到那里去（引述人地点发生变化）［即时演练演单句改错

①lie toldme thatshe hadburst outinto aflood oftears here,heref there

②He saidthatit wasnine oclocknow.nowfthen

③lie said that hissister hadbeen therethree days ago.agof before

四、语序变化当我们用自己的语言转述别人的话语时，称为间接引语间接引语一般构成宾语从句，用陈述句语序而主句部分则根据语境的需要选择适当的转述动词直接引语变成间接引语有以下几种情况

1.直接引语为陈述句间接引语变成that引导的宾语从句John said,“I likereadingadventure stories.”fJohn said that heliked readingadventure stories.

2.直接引语是一般疑问句间接引语变成if/whether引导的宾语从句He askedMary,“Do youwant togo to the concert with me”Tie askedMary if/whethershe wanted togo totheconcertwithhim.

3.直接引语是选择疑问句间接引语变成whether...or.・・引导的宾语从句，主句谓语动词一般用askoShe said,uWould youlike teaor coffee”fShe askedus whetherwe wouldlike teaorcoffee.

4.直接引语是特殊疑问句间接引语变成由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句He asked,“What isit all about fHe asked whatit wasallabout.［即时演练4］将直接引语变为间接引语

①She said,“Did yousee himlast night”—She askedme if I hadseen himthe night before.

②How doyou feel”the doctorasked him.fThe doctorasked himhow hefelt.@She said,uWould youlike tostay withme orgo byyourself ona picnic”f She askedme ifI wouldlike tostay withher o〉go bymyself ona picnic.

④“Who hasbroken mymirror”Mary asked,fMary askedwho hadbroken heroirror.匚语法［应用才各实二I.单句语法填空

1.一Mum isnot inBeijing now.She hasgone toParis.一Oh,can youtell mewhen sheleftleave

2.一How aboutbuying Tima mobilephone Afterall,he isn，t aboy anymore.一I thinkits necessary,for wesometimes wantto makesure ifhe willcome comehomefor dinner.

3.“Can Iuse yourbike fora moment”the boysaidto me.fThe boyaskedme whether hecould usemy Ibike fora moment.

4.“Wang Huais waiting for yououtside of the school gate.Li Fangsaidto me.f LiFang toldtellme that WangHua waswaitingfor me outsideoftheschoolgate.

5.The teacher told us that lighttravelstravel muchfaster thansound andthis waswhyyou sawthe lightningfirst andthen heardthe thunder.

6.Hetoldme that he wasbeangry.

7.Mr.Green toldthem Joehad toldhim allabout hisstory whenhe askedforajob.

8.The teacher saidthat the earthgoes goround the sun.

9.He askedKate howher sisterwas then.

10.She saidher shebrotherwantedtogo withher.

11.单句改错

1.Martin toldme thathe hasrung Alicethe daybefore.hasf had

2.Nina toldme thatLisa isstudying abroad.isf was

3.Our Englishteacher toldusthatall workno playmade Jacka dullboy.mad6fmakes

4..Carmen askedme thatI wasinterested incomputer studies.thatf if/whet her

5.The teacheradvised that they triedone moretime andsee whatwould happen.triedf try随堂效果苒具SUITANIGXIAOCLJOLLJOSHII.单句语法填空

1.Gradually thesurrotmdiag surroundfarmlands turnedinto residential住宅区的.

2.Hero as/though heis,he hassome shortcomings.

3.I have an appointmentappoint withmy doctorthis afternoon.

4.We believein Marxism,Leninism andMao ZedongThought.

5.The companycommitted mostof itsprofits tobuilding buildnew factories.

6.Li Nahas sucha goodgrasp ofEnglish thatshe cancommunicate withforeignerseasily.

7.rmconstantly constanttelling himto behavehimself.

8.Having committedcommit herselfto thisline ofaction,there wasno retreatingforbad weather.

9.The boyran awayquickly the instant instantlyhis fatherturned hisback.

10.It isillegal legalto selltobacco tosomeone under

16.H.完成句子

1.在浓雾中我几乎辨认不出任何东西Icouldhardly make out anythinginthethick fog.

2.他欠你的钱还给你了吗？Did hepay you back themoney heowes you

3.我一见到她就知道她是个诚实的女孩The instantI sawher,I knewshe wasan honestgirl.

4.他努力弥补我的损失He triedhard tomake up for mylosses.

5.如果你把乌龟背翻转过来，它就无能为力了If youturn overa turtleon itsback,it willbecome helpless.

8.pay off取得好结果；付清

9.be committed to投身于……犹豫地

10.hesitate to do sth.做某事由……判断

11.judging from/by幸亏

12.thanks toIV.选词填空选用上述短语的适当形式填空

1.Thanks toyour explanation,its clearto menow.

2.I guessit istrue thathard workpays off.

3.Why didn，t Henryturn upatthemeeting

4.We mustfind outa wayto getover thedifficulty.

5.He wascommittedtothe causeof worldpeace.［寻规律、巧记忆］il-+adj.—adj.v.+by f复合短语illogical不合逻辑的illiterate不识字的stand by支持drop by顺便拜访comeillimitable无限的by路过匚经典句式必背「背教材原句记句式结构仿写促落实

1.The instantshe stoppedasking结果一出来，她就告诉了我们questions,I gotup andwent out of The instant theresultthe instant引导时the room.间状语从句她一问完问题，我就站起来，走出了caae outshe toldus aboutit.房间因为我能够说英语，我得到了

2.It wasmy motherwho taughtme to那份工作强调句It wasbecause Icouldbe curious.speak EnglishthatI got the是母亲教我对事物充满好奇心job.HEXIZYACDIAZTAZJIU三全析重点词汇二turn up出现，到达；开大，提高，增加；找到，发现（教材P24）Turn upattheinterview acouple ofminutes early.提前几分钟到达面试地点turn off关掉（煤气、自来水等）turn on打开（自来水），开（煤气、灯、电视等）turn out产生（……的）结果，结果弄清楚（是……）turn in转身进入；交出turn to（向某人）求助；注意；翻到（页）turn down调小（煤气等），关小（的声音）；拒绝turn over翻过来，翻转

①The carwas turnedover andthe driverwas seriouslyinjured.汽车翻倒了，司机受了重伤

②Be calmand sittight andeverything willturn outwell.保持镇静，顺其自然，一切都会好转©Please rememberto turnoff allthe lightswhen youleave.请记住离开时一定把所有的灯都关掉

④She turneddown everyoffer ofhelp.别人提出的帮助她都拒绝了make up构成；占；化妆；打扮；配制；编造；虚构；和好；和解，补偿（教材P24）Make upinformation aboutyourself.编造你的个人信息一词写出下列各句中make up的含义

①I have tomake up theEnglish testI missedlast week.补上

②The chemistquickly madeup theprescription.酉己制

③Eight chaptersmake upthis volume.组成

④Bob makesup storiesto amusehis littlebrother.编造

⑤They oftenquarrel butoften make up soonafter.和好，和解

⑥It tookher morethan onehour tomake up.化妆，打扮make out理解；看清楚；假装make into制成；做成（后面跟产品，制成品）makeupfor弥补；补充；补偿makeup of由组成make progressin在……方面取得进步make adifference有影响，起（重要）作用，大有作为©Distantly,to herright,she couldmakeoutthe townof Chiffa.在她右边，远远的，她依稀能辨认出希法镇

⑧Bamboo isalso madeinto paper.竹子也能造纸

⑨The groupwas madeupofdoctors.这个团体是由医生组成的appointment n.约见；约会教材P21I turnedupfor the appointmentfive minuteslate,so Iwalked straightin and satdown.我比约定的时间晚到了5分钟，因此我径直走进去并坐下1appointment n.约见，约会，约定by appointment按照约定be latefor one，s appointment约会迟至Ukeep anappointment守约2appoint力,任命,指定；约定appoint sb.as/to be.・・任命,委任某人appoint sb.todo...委派某人做©Phone hissecretary andmake/haveanappointment withthe newclient.打电话给他的秘书约定与新客户会面的时间

②It looksas ifI won，tbeable tokeep theappointment wemade.看来我不能如期赴约了3We mustappoint somebodyto be/as headmasteras soonas possible.我们必须尽快任命一个人当校长

④The directorsees studentsby appointmentonly.系主任只按约定的时间会见学生

⑤His appointmentas/to behead ofdepartment hascaused a lot offriction.pay off得到好结果；取得成功；还清任命他为部门经理引起了很大的争执（教材P26）This paidoff becauseshe wonan awardforthereport.她的坚持获得了成功，因为她的报道获奖了偿还pay back付……的钱；支付为某物付出一大笔钱付清；缴清pay for

①People shouldpay fortheir rudemanners earlyor late.pay sth.outpay up那些不懂礼貌的人迟早要为此付出代价

（2）1low canI payyoubackfor allyour kindness你的这番好意我该怎么报答呢？

③We’11havetopay outaloton repairingthe house.我们将不得不为修理这房子花很多钱［名师点津］payoff在表示“付清……”时是及物动词用法，而“得出好结果，取得成功”是不及物动词用法commit乱投入,犯（罪）；做（错事等）；把……委托于,交付（教材P26）I discoveredthen thatas longas Iam committedand nevergive upI willbeable toproduce highquality reports.我发现，只要我具有献身精神并决不放弃，就能写出高质量的报道commit...to...把投入commit sb./oneself to（doing）sth.承诺某人/自己（做）某事commit to...忠于,全身心地投入commit acrime犯罪commit suicide自杀

①If youcommit acrime,you cannever escapebeing punished.你要是犯了罪，就逃脱不了受惩罚

②He committedhimself tothe studyof plants.他专心致志于研究植物

③He committedhimself toreformingreform healthcare.他致力于改革健康医疗制度［名师点津］commit oneselfto doingsth.表示“专心致志于”，to是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词existence n.生活；存在教材P26I askedJunyan whatshe likedmost abouther joband shesaidthatalthoughthere wasn，t muchglory in a reportersexistence,she foundit interestingand challenging.我问君燕她最喜欢她的工作的什么地方，她说作为记者虽然没有很大荣耀，但是很有趣,很有挑战性1in existence存在消失出现，out ofexistence come into existence产生使……出现/bring intoexistence2exist vi.产生存在；生存，exist in生活存在于……之exist on=live onThere exist...中靠……为生

①The uncontrolledwhaling mayput thewhalesoutofexistence.滥捕鲸会使鲸有……，存在……绝种

②It wasimpossible forthem toexist onsucha smallincome.他们要靠这一点收入生活是不可能的

③There existdifferent opinionson thisquestion.关于这个问题存在着不同的意见

①the minute/moment/instant/second...,这些名词性短语在此结构中均充当连词,⑵表示“一……就……”的句式:引导时间状语从句

②immediately/directly这两个词均可引导时间状语从句

③as soonas...,该句式常用于口语中，其引导的从句通常用一般现在时表示将来©hardly/scarcely...when...；no sooner...than...,该句式的主句常用过去完成时,从句常用一般过去时不论主句还是从句，一般都不用一般现在时和一般将来时

①We recognizedher themoment sheentered theroom.她一进房间，我们就把她认出来了21came hereiinmediately immediateafter havingmy supper.我一吃完晚饭就来这里了©Hardly hadthe gamebegun whenit startedraining.比赛刚刚开始就下起雨来了YUFANHUAZXIAZCTUPC突破四一一间接引语H语境自主领悟先观察原句

①Kate toldHenry,“I willcome hereto watchthese programstomorrow.”f Katetold Henrythatshe wouldgo thereto watchthose programsthe nextday.

②Mrs Liasked ChenFei,uAre youinterested inEnglish”fMrs Liasked ChenFei if/whetherhe wasinterested inEnglish.

③Linda asked,“You likethe food,don，tyou”fLinda askedmeif/whether Ilikedthe food.

④Tom asked,Where aremy sports shoes,mom”fTom askedhis momwhere hissportsshoeswere.

⑤Heasked,uWhere areyou to get off,John”fHe askedJohn wherehewastogetoff.

⑥He said,“Do youlike toeat applesor oranges”fHe askedmewhether/ifIliked toeat applesor oranges.后自主感悟直接引语变为间接引语时应注意:L时态的变化例句

①中直接引语为一般将来时,间接引语变为过去将来时;例句

②③直接引语为一般现在时,间接引语为一般过去时

2.代词的变化例句

①中I变为反四，these变为those；例句

②⑤中you变为止；例句

③⑥中you变为例句

④中my变为his

3.状语的变化例句

①中地点状语here变为there,tomorrow变为the nextday

4.语序的变化例句

①中直接引语为陈述句，间接引语还用陈述语气；例句

②③⑥中直接引语为一般疑问句，间接引语需用if/whether引导,并且转变成陈述语气；例句

④⑤中直接引语为特殊疑问句，间接引语中特殊疑问词不变，疑问语气改为陈述语气匚语法精要点拨

二一、时态的变化

1.时态的变化⑴现在时间推移到过去时间直接引语间接引语直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时过去将来时一般过去时过去完成时现在完成时过去完成时现在进行时过去进行时过去完成时The old man said,“I havelived inthis street since I

960.”f Theoldmansaid thathehad livedin thatstreetsince

1960.那老人说他自从1960年起就住在那条街上了He said,“Is itraining”f Heasked ifit wasraining.他问是不是正在下雨She saidtome,“I wrotea letterto myparents threedaysago.”f Shetoldme thatshehad writtena lettertoherparents threedays before.她告诉我她三天前给她父母写了一封信“What wereyou doing at seven p.m.yesterday”heasked.Tie askedme whatI wasdoingatsevenp.m.the daybefore.他问我昨天晚上七点在干什么He said,“We shallget ready by eight oclock.”-Hie saidthat theycould getreadybyeightoclock.他说他们在八点前能准备好⑵间接引语中保持原来时态不变在下列情况下，间接引语中的谓语动词时态可以保持不变

①主句为现在时或将来时，间接引语的时态保持不变He thinks,“She willbe backinamonth.”fHe thinksshe willbe backinamonth.他认为她将在一个月后回来He says,“1have accepted her invitation.”fHe sayshe hasacceptedherinvitation.他说他已接受了她的邀请比较间接引语中的谓语动词时态对比Sarah saidtome,“I havetwo brothers.萨拉对我说“我有两个弟弟”Sarah toldmethatshe hastwo brothers.萨拉告诉我说她有两个弟弟（说话者认为这情况是真实的）Sarah toldmethatshehadtwo brothers.萨拉告诉我说她有两个弟弟（说话者对此没有什么把握）

②间接引语表示的是现在的习惯动作、科学真理、客观事实、格言等The geographyteachersaidtothe students,“The earth moves round thesun.”f Thegeographyteachertoldthestudentsthat theearthmovesroundthesun.地理老师告诉学生地球围绕太阳转He said,“Every doghas hisday.”f He saidthatevery doghas hisday.他说人皆有出头日

③间接引语中动词表示的动作说话时仍在进行或状态仍然存在，时态可保持不变He said,“The window is broken.”—He saidthatthewindowisbroken.他说玻璃窗碎了

④间接引语中有明确的过去时间状语，仍可用一般过去时，不必改为过去完成时The girlsaid,“I wasborn in

1998.”fThe girlsaidthatshe wasborn in

1998.那女孩说她生于1998年

2.情态动词的变化情态动词在间接引语中都可以改为过去式，must表示必须、推测、禁止等意思时，可不变；表示必须时可不变，也可用had to或would havetoThe seniorsaid,“AH menmust die.”fThe seniorsaidthatall menmust die.那老者说人总是要死的She said,“I mustgo tosee thedoctor tomorrowafternoon.”fShe saidshe must/wouldhave togotosee thedoctor thenext afternoon.她说她不得不在明天下午去看医生[即时演练1]单句改错

①Hesaidthatheusually watchedTV onSunday,watchedfwatches

②Hesaidthatheare usingthe knife,aref was33）The teacherasked LiMing wherehehad.had后力口been。