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Section IVGrammarWriting语法精讲▼语法透析•专项训练.主语谍前自圭领情，
1.夏天我们海滨城市的天气很凉爽is niceand coolin summer.答案Weather in our coastalcity
2.这就是我想要的全部is allI want.答案This
3.三个对于我们每个人来说就足够了is enough for eachof us.答案:Three
4.成为护士是我的心愿is mywish.答案To becomea nurse
5.使我感到惊讶的是他对待他父亲的方式is theway hetreated hisfather.答案What mademe surprised［自我探究］上面几个句子说明可以作句子主语的有以下结构名垣、代远、数回、不定式、从句等课堂要点精板，
一、主语的定义主语是一个句子所叙述的主体主语一般位于句首，但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词的后面
二、主语的表现形式主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示
1.名词作主语Professor Smithis afamous scientist.史密斯教授是一位著名的科学家The year2015saw thebig earthquakein Nepal.2015年尼泊尔发生了大地震
2.代词作主语Morioka began to wonderif astore couldexist byselling multiplecopies ofjust onesinglebook.In November2014,he partneredwith MasamichiToyama toestablish aunique bookstorewith the philosophyof“A SingleRoom witha SingleBook”.The selectionsthat arepicked byMorioka changeweekly andvary widelyto attractcustomerswith differentinterests.Recent choicesinclude TheTrue Deceiver,anaward-winning Swedishnovel byToVe Jansson,Hans Andersens FairyTales,and acollectionof KarlBlossfeldt sphotography ofplants.Morioka has also selectedbooks writtenby afamousJapanese authorMimei Ogawa.To highlighthis onlyoffering,Morioka oftenuses clevertricks.For example,whenselling abook aboutflowers,the storekeeper decoratedhis shopwiththeones thathadbeen mentionedin thebook.He alsoencourages authors to holdtalks anddiscussions sotheycan connectwith customers.Morioka sayshis goalis for the customersto experiencebeinginside abook,not justa bookstore.Risky asthe ideamight seem,things appearto begoing well.The storekeepersays hehassold over2,100books.Things canget bettergiven thathis bookstoreis becomingincreasinglypopular notjust amongthe localsbut alsovisitors fromother countries.【解题导语】在日本你会发现一家名为Morioka Shoten的别致书店，这家书店因其特别的经营方式很快就吸引了众人的注意
1.What inspiredMorioka toopen sucha bookstoreA.A Swedishnovel.B.His presentpartner.C.A bookstoreclerk.D.His workingexperience.D解析细节理解题依据第二段可知，在开办自己的书店之前Morioka当过书店的店员，正是在工作中，他开始想创办一家“一周只卖一本书”的书店，由此可知，他的工作经验给了他灵感
2.Why isMorioka ShotenuniqueA.It ispopular withforeigners.B.It sellsbooks ofdifferent topics.C.It isdecorated withcolorful flowers.D.It sellsvarious copiesof abook in a week.D解析:细节理解题依据第一段的“sells only a single book ata time”可知，选项D正确
3.Why doesMorioka encourageauthorstohold talksA.To introducehis bookstore.B.To advocatehis philosophy.C.To makebooks betterunderstood.D.To helpreaders connectwith eachother.C解析推理判断题依据第四段的第三句和第四句可知，Morioka鼓励作者举办会谈、讨论是为了与顾客接触，这样顾客便会更好地体会书中的内容，故选C
4.What sthe authors opinionabout thebookstore sfutureA.Risky.B.Promising.C.Unpredictable.D.Hopeless.B解析观点态度题依据文章最后一段的内容可知，这个书店会变得更好，它不仅在当地人中而且在其他国家的游客中也受欢迎，由此可知，作者认为这个书店很有发展前途BMany peoplein highschool cannotwait to go tocollege andleave theirhometown behind.Questions arise,though,when itcomes toall of the decisionsinvolved inchoosing acollege.One of the firstconsiderations maybe finance.State andpublic colleges are oftentheleast expensive.Often,though,the bettercollegesareprivate andmore expensive.It issadwhen giftedstudents cannotattend acollege of their choicejust forfinancial reasons.Another majorfactor islocation.Whether thecollege isina small townor largecitycan have a majorimpact onits activities.A waterlover probablywill be more comfortablespendingfour yearsnear anocean ora lake.Those whocannot tolerateheat willprobablybe morecomfortable ata northerncollege.Distance fromhome mayalso comeinto consideration.If familyis atop priority,that personshould stayclose tohome;on theother hand,ifindependence isdesired,a campusfarther fromhome wouldbemoreappropriate.School sizealso playsa majorrole in the decisionprocess.If youwant toget toknowyour teacher,asmallcollege issuitable.For thoseof youwho consideryourself a“people,person“and want a wide range of activities,a largecollege ismore fitting.Your areaofinterest is another factorto considerin thedecision-making processif youwant togetthe mostfrom youreducation.The wholepoint ofcollege isto learnwhat isof interesttoyou.Crucially（至关重要地），one musttake intoconsideration the colleges by which you canrealistically beaccepted.An IvyLeague school for an average studentwould probably notbe a good match.Similarly,anaverageschoolforan above-average studentwould notworkwell.The collegeshould provideenough of a challengefor thestudent towork hard.Althoughthere may not bethe perfectcollege outthere,there probablywill beone thatis close.Those whocannot finda suitablecollege areprobablynotlooking hardenough.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了高中生在选择适合自己的大学时要考虑到的四个因素个人经济情况、大学的地理位置、学校规模以及个人的成绩，其中个人的成绩是至关重要的
5.When itcomes togoing tocollege theauthor thinks.A.students willbecome homesickB.students areunwilling toleave theirhomeC.financial situationis the first toconsiderD.students areeager toattend theirideal universityC解析细节理解题根据第二段第一句^One ofthe firstconsiderations maybe finance.可知，作者认为经济问题是选择大学应考虑的首要问题故选C
6.What is the mainidea ofthe thirdparagraphA.The locationofthecollege isa mainfactor.B.A longdistance willmake studentsupset.C.Students canbe independentat college.D.The climatemust betaken intoconsideration.A解析段落大意题根据第三段第一句uAnother majorfactor islocation.v可知，选择大学应考虑的另一个主要因素是大学的地理位置，随后作者在第三段说明了应根据学校位置和其离家的远近来选择大学A项“大学的位置是一个主要因素”符合本段大意故选A
7.What doesthe underlinedpart upeopleperson”in thepassage meanA.A verysociable person.B.A veryparticular person.C.A personof greatcapacity.D.A personof greatimportance.A解析词义猜测题根据画线词所在句子中的“wantawiderangeofactivities”可知，画线词所表示的这种人是“想在大学期间参加很多活动的人”，即喜欢社交的人故选Ao
8.Which is the mostimportant factorwhen choosinga collegeA.The locationofacollege.B.The comingchallenges.C.School size.D.The examinationresult.D解析推理判断题根据最后一段第一句Crucially至关重要地，one musttake intoconsiderationthecollegesbywhichyoucanrealistically beaccepted.可知，在所有的因素中，至关重要的一点是选择大学要从实际出发，要考虑到你能否被这所大学录取由此可推知，个人的成绩是选择大学时最重要的因素故选DoIII语法填空During arecent SeniorThree Englishlesson,the teacher
1.notice Liu Yun,a student,busily typingmessages onher cellphone.To theteacher ssurprise,LiuYunwasn tjusttexting herfriends thelatest smalltalk.She wasblogging aboutwhat shewas learninginthe classroom,sharing heropinions
2.her classmates.She saidshe
3.true enjoyeddoingthat.The casecaused
4.heated discussionamong teachersand studentscitywide.Miss Li,another Englishteacher said,“I amamazed athow
5.create the students canbe whenwritingon theirblogs.To meit sa greatway forstudents toimprove theirwriting skillswhilewriting aboutpersonal feelingsand experiences.But
6.made otherteachers worriedwasthe blog-addiction whichmay disturbthe studentsstudy.A supporterand classmateof LiuYun said,“We loveher blog!We allread iteach dayandcan twait tosee whatshe writesabout next.Many of her
7.suggest onstudy reallyhelpto encourageus.And wecan relax
8.we whilereading herblog.Another studentbloggeradmitted thathe oftenworks lateinto thenight,
9.write hisblog.He said,uSometimesI dont evenhave time
10.finish myhomework.I cant helpmyself.I reallyhavea lotto say.”【解题导语】本文主要讲述了老师和学生对发博客的看法
1.noticed解析考查动词时态通读全文可知，故事发生在过去，故用动词的一般过去式形式
2.with解析考查介词share sth.with sb.意为“与某人分享某物”，为固定搭配，故用介词with
3.truly解析考查副词修饰动词应用副词，故用副词truly修饰动词enjoyed
4.a解析考查冠词discussion在此处表示具体概念，且第一次在语境中出现，故用不定冠词a修饰
5.creative解析考查形容词how修饰形容词或副词由下文的be可知，此处应用形容词作表语，故用creativeo
6.what解析考查名词性从句空处引导主语从句，在从句中作主语，表示物的概念，what符合语境
7.suggestions解析考查名词her是形容词性物主代词，修饰名词，故用名词形式此外，suggestion是可数名词，由Many of可知，应用复数形式
8.ourselves解析考查代词由句子主语we可知，此处应用反身代词，表示放松自我
9.writing解析考查非谓语动词write和从句的谓语works之间没有连词，故用非谓语动词其与主语he构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语
10.to finish解析:考查非谓语动词have timeto do sth.意为“有时间做某事”,为固定搭配，不定式作宾语补足语IV书面表达你校正在开展“创建文明班级，共建和谐校园”活动，请根据下面的内容，以“A MeaningfulActivity”为题写一篇短文，向China投稿，介绍有关情况主题“同陋习告别，与文明握手”目的根除乱扔、乱吐、吸烟、喝酒等现象；提倡穿校服、讲礼貌内容举办图片展，进行教室、宿舍美化评比等One possibleversion AMeaningful ActivityOurschool hasnow startedan activitycalled“Build CivilizedClasses anda HarmoniousCampusn.The topicis“Get Ridof BadHabits andGreet Civilization^.Bad habitsdo exist.Some studentsthrow rubbisheverywhere orspit inpublic.Othersare evenaddicted tosmoking anddrinking.We requirethat the students breakaway fromthesebad habits.We urgethestudentsto weartheir schooluniform andbe politeto others.During theactivity,we11hold apicture show,a competitionof classroomand dormitorydecorationsand soon.We allhope thatwe11build eachclass intoa civilizedone andour campusinto aharmoniousplace.We oftenspeak Englishin andout ofclass.我们经常在课内外说英语Who isthe manstanding overthere站在那里的那个人是谁？
3.数词作主语Sixty percentofherincome wasspent onclothes.她收入的60%花在了衣服上Two timesfive isten.2乘5等于10o
4.不定式作主语To masterEnglish isuseful.掌握英语是有用的To swimin theLiJiang Riverisagreat pleasure.在漓江里游泳是件非常愉快的事◎温馨提示不定式作主语时多采用it作形式主语，而把不定式后置，如It sa pitynot togo to the concertwith you.真遗憾不能和你一起去听音乐会
5.动名词作主语Smoking doesharm to the health.吸烟对健康有害Playing footballin thestreet isdangerous.在街上踢足球有危险温馨提示©匕-ing结构作主语也可用it作形式主语，而把匕-ing结构置于句末，这种形式通常用于某些形容词或名词之后It sno goodcomplaining.抱怨是没有用的
6.名词化的形容词作主语The richshould helpthe poor.富人应该帮助穷人In newChina theold areliving ahappy life.在新中国老年人过着幸福的生活
7.从句作主语When weare going to havean Englishtest hasnot beendecided yet.我们什么时候进行英语测试还没有决定Whether he11join usin thediscussion isof greatimportance.他是否参加我们的讨论是很重要的◎温馨提示从句作主语时也通常用it作形式主语，而把主语从句置于句末It wasobvious thatthe drivercould notcontrol hiscar.很明显，司机已经不能控制他的车了It is not clearwho wasresponsible forthe accident.谁来为这起事故负责还不清楚
三、主语在应用过程中，与谓语的人称和数要保持一致，主要有以下三种原则
1.语法一致原则主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，往往把它们看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式如果主语由more than one...或many a..・构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式，强调个别但是，在“more+复数名词+than one”结构之后，谓语动词一般多用复数形式例如Three yearsisnotenoughforthe experiment.三年对这个实验来说是不够的More thanone studenthas seenthe film.许多学生都看了这部电影More membersthanoneare againstyour plan.许多成员反对你的计划
2.意义一致原则1主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数，常见的这类词有people,police,cattle,militia民兵组织等2主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数，常见的这类词有news,works工厂和一些以-ics或-s结尾的学科名称physics,politics,economics,maths等例如The policeare searchingforthelost boy.警察正在搜寻失踪的男孩A chemicalworks isbeing builtin ourhometown.我们家乡正在建一个化工厂
3.就近一致原则即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语如用连词or,either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but also...等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语保持一致例如Is eitherhe oryou togo是他去还是你去？课后跟踪训练，I单句语法填空
1.It isno goodtrythat method,because itwon twork.答案trying
2.Hismake thesame mistakeagain madehis parentsvery angry.答案making
3.Many astudentchat onlineand playedcomputer gamesin recentyears.答案has chatted
4.The bluefilesuse forstoring photos.答案are used
5.The situationdescribed inthose reportssoundterrible,but itmaynothappen.答案sounds
6.A seriesof bookstranslateinto English.答案has beentranslated
7.It seemsthat agreat manymiddle-aged workersbeout ofjobs now.答案:are
8.I feelit isthe parentsrather thanhis grandmathatblame forthe spoiledchild.答案are toblame
9.I havefinished alarge partofthebook.The restof itbevery difficult.答案is
10.The singerand dancerbeto cometotheparty.答案:isH语法与写作
1.与其说这些鞋好看，不如说它们舒适are comfortablerather thanpretty.答案These shoes
2.他将会成功使得他的家人很高兴makes hisfamily veryhappy.答案That hewi11succeed
3.晚睡对健康不好It sbad foryour health.答案togoto bedlate
4.真遗憾不能和你一起去郊游It,sapity.答案not togo outingwith you
5.学习生词对我很重要is veryimportant tome.答案Learning newwords
6.学英语时用英语思考是必要的when learningEnglish isnecessary.答案To thinkin English
7.1949年见证了中华人民共和国的成立saw thefounding ofthe Peoples Republicof China.答案The year
19498.他在这里一切顺利is goingwell withhim.答案Everything
9.我们班三分之二的学生是女生inourclass aregirls.答案Two-thirds ofthestudents
10.年轻人在中国必须接受教育must beeducated in China.答案The youngIll语法填空Some inventionshappen instrange ways.The potato chip isone ofthem.Moon sLake Housew enjoyhis cooking.The onething thatreally upsetCrum was
3.a customercomplainedabout thefood andsent itback tothe kitchento bedone over.He wouldoftenreturn itovercooked.He washappy tosee thecustomer walk out ofthe restaurant
4.angry.On August24,1853,a customerreturned hisfried potatoestothekitchen,
5.they weren,t crunchy脆的enough.Crum reactedin his
6.usually way.He cutthe potatoesvery thinandcooked themin hotoil.They wereso crunchyand,the manloved them.He evenasked formore.Now,do youknow
8.invented thepotatochipIt sGeorge Crum!He
9.late set up hisown restaurant.He namedit Crum,s House.He putbasketsof hispotato chipson allthe tables.They madehis restauranta verypopular place.Today,potato chipsare oneof AmericansJ
10.favor foods!【解题导语】本文告诉我们薯条是怎样被发明出来的
1.a解析考查冠词restaurant是名词，此处表示泛指，故用不定冠词a
2.to enjoy解析考查非谓语动词这里用动词不定式作目的状语，表示许多富人常常来这里吃他烹饪的饭菜
3.when解析考查表语从句此处应用when引导表语从句，且在从句中作时间状语
4.angrily解析:考查副词根据前面“walkoutoftherestaurantw可知，后面应用副词angrily修饰动词
5.because解析考查连词根据语境可知，此处表示“因为油炸的薯条不够脆”，强调原因，故用becauseo
6.usual解析考查形容词根据后面的名词way可知，此处应用形容词
7.to eat解析考查动词不定式refuse todosth.拒绝做某事”
8.who解析考查疑问词根据后面It sGeorge Crum”可知，此处问的是谁发明了薯条
9.later解析考查副词根据后面的“setup”可知，这里应用later
10.favorite解析考查形容词根据后面的“foods”可知，这里需要用形容词，且表示“最喜欢的”写作指导▼@技法指导•佳作窝析♦®®®如何写人物介绍类文章典题示例〃□写作要求李娜是中国女子网球队运动员，1982年2月26日生于湖北武汉，毕业于华中科技大学6岁开始练习网球，1999年转为职业选手请结合下面表格中的内容写一篇100词左右的短文2010年进入澳大利亚网球公开赛四强2011年取得澳大利亚网球公开赛亚军主要奖项2011年赢得法国网球公开赛女单冠军，成为中国乃至亚洲在网球四大满贯赛事上夺得的第一个单打冠军李娜已经成为“中国的英雄”，也成为了中国体育界的代表人物□审题谋篇
1.本文体裁为写人记叙文
2.主体时态为一般现在时兼一般过去时
3.主体人称为第三人称
4.行文可以分为三段，第一段介绍李娜生平简历，第二段介绍其赛事成绩，第三段对李娜进行综述□写作要点
1.李娜是中国女子网球队运动员，1982年生于湖北武汉，毕业于华中科技大学
①Li Na,the Chinese Women s Tennis Team player,was bornin Wuhan,Hubei Provincein1982and graduated from Huazhong University of Science and Technology.
②Li Na,in Wuhan,Hubei Provincein1982and HuazhongUniversityofScienceandTechnology,isthe ChineseWomen sTennis Teamplayer.答案
①who is
②born；graduating from
2.6岁开始练习网球，1999年转为职业选手
①She begantotennis atthe ageof sixand becamea professionalplayerin
1999.
②，she beganto learnto playtennis,and in1999sheto a professional player.答案©practice playing
②When shewas sixyears old；was transferred
3.2011年赢得法国网球公开赛女单冠军，从而成为中国乃至亚洲在网球四大满贯赛事上夺得的第一个单打冠军
①She the championship in the French Open womens singles,thus her thefirst singleschampion everin Chinaeven in Asia in Tennis four grand slam events.
②She inthe FrenchOpen womens singles,her thefirst singleschampion everin Chinaeven inAsia inTennisfourgrandslam events.答案
①won；making
②won thefirst prize；which made
4.李娜已经成为“中国的英雄”，也成为了中国体育界的代表人物，我们都为她感到骄傲
①Li Na,,has become“China s hero”，also theof Chinese sports.
②We allher,for Li Na has become therepresentative ofChinesesports China shero”.答案
①of whomall ofus areproud；representative
②take pridein；as wellas□妙笔成篇One possibleversion Li Na,theChineseWomensTennisTeamplayer,graduatedfromHuazhongUniversityofScience andTechnology andwas bornin Wuhan,Hubei Provincein
1982.LiNabegantopractice playingtennis atthe ageof sixand becameaprofessionalplayerin
1999.Her effortsmade herachieve manysuccesses inthe pastyears.She enteredthe finalfourthinthe2010Australia OpenTennis Championship.She obtainedthe secondplace inthe2011Australia OpenTennis Championship.She wonthechampionshipintheFrenchOpenwomens singles,thus makingherthefirstsingleschampion everinChinaeveninAsiainTennisfour grandslamevents.LiNa,of whomall ofus areproud,hasbecome“Chinashero，also the课时作业3representative ofChinesesports.I单句语法填空
1.walk isagoodform ofexercise forboth youngand old.答案:Walking
2.she iscoming ornot doesnt mattertoo much.答案:Whether
3.complete theproject tookthem twoyears.答案To complete
4.His electour chairmanmade usthink ofalot.答案being elected
5.It sno usego theretoday;he wont beat home.答案:going
6.Not onlyJohn butalso Ibegoingtoshanghai nextweek.答案am
7.Three weeksbeallowed formaking thenecessary preparations.答案was
8.Many aperson readthe novel.答案has read
9.More thanone teacherget theflowers.答案gets
10.Either yourstudents orMr.Wang know答案this.knows n阅读理解AThose accustomedto browsingthrough thousandsof booksin largebookstoresmay findJapan sMorioka Shotena littlestrange.Thats becausethis tinybookstore thatis locatedin Ginza,Tokyo sellsonlyasinglebookat atime.Opened inMay2015,Morioka Shotenisthebrainchild ofYoshiyuki Morioka.He beganhiscareer asa bookstoreclerk inTokyo sKanda districtbefore branchingout toopen hisownstore.It washere whileorganizing bookreading andsigning thathe realizedthat customersusuallycame intothe storewith onetitle inmind.。
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